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Home My WebLink AboutJune 15-16, 2001 Agenda-Retreat City of Denton C~ty Counc,I RETREAT AGENDA June t5 & 16, 2001 Marriott Solana - Westlake Annual Planning Session of the City of Denton C~ty Council on Friday, June 15 2001 at 2.30~' p.m. and Saturday, June 16, 2001 at 8 30 a m at the MarriOtt Solana, 5 V,Ilage C,rcle, Westlake, Texas, at wh,ch the fo lowing ,temslwlll be considered. June ~15, 2001 2 30 p m. Welcome and Introductions Discussion of Norms and Expectations of C;ty Councilmembers on Mumc~pal Governance 3 30 p.m Discuss Building Mutual Understand,ng and Recewe a Report, Hold a D~scusslon on the Myers Bnggs Type Ind,cator & Activities Related to the Myers Bnggs Ind,cator and Mumclpal Governance 6 00 p.m Adjourn June ~6, 2001 8 30 a m. Hold a Discussion Concerning the Future of Denton Includ,ng ,/ The Year 2006 A Common V,s,on v' Issues Ident,ficat,on & Clar,flcatlon v' Strategic Goals & Objectives 12 noon Lunch Break I 00 p m Complete Morning Agenda 2 00 p m Discuss Pulling It All Together to Achmve the Successful Operation of the City of Denton and the Council's Targets and ~ Goals for the Future Including / Serve and represent ,/ Governing Style / Common Norms for Work 3 30 p.m Debrief and Discuss the Next Steps and Necessary Action to Implement Municipal Governance Strategies 4 00 ~.m Adjourn CERTIFICATE I cerbfy that the above not~ce of meeting was posted on the bullebn board at the C~ty Hall of the C~ty of Denton, Texas on the 12th day of June, 2001 at o'clock (a rn ) (pm ) Jenmfer Walters City Secretary NOTE THE MARRIOTT SOLANA EDUCATION CENTER IS ACCESSIBLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT THE CITY WILL PROVIDE LSIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS FOR THE HEARING IMPARIED IF REQUESTED AT LEAST 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE SCHEDULED MEETING PLEASE CALL THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE AT 349-8309 OR USE TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES FOR THE DEAF (TDD) BY CALLING 1-800-RELAY-TX SO THAT A SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETER CAN BE SCHEDULED THROUGH THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE Fac~htators The Aspen Group Intl, Inc 215 E McI(INNEY DENTON, TEXAS 76201 · (940) 349-8200 · FAX (940) 349-8236 MEMORANDUM TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council FROM: Michael A Conduff, City Manager //~/7 '/ /11, DATE: June 12, 2001 SUBJECT: Special Called Meeting In accordance with Section 4 2 of the Council Rules of Procedure, I hereby call a special meeting of the City,Council and designate the Mamott Solana, $ Village Circle, Westlake, Texas as the meeting site of the Denton City Council for flus special called meeting of the C~ty Council for Friday, Ju~e 15, 2001 beginning at 2 30 p m and for Saturday, June 16, 2001 beginning at 8 30 ara A copy of flus notice callmg a special meeting and designating a location for the special meeting other than the mumclpal bmldmg is filed w~th the City Secretary by providing a copy of same to City Secretary Tlus meting has already been posted m accordance w~th the reqmrements of the Texas Open Meetings Act~ IVhchael A Conduff City Manager Cc Jenmfer Walters, C~ty Secretary 'Chapter 5~ 1 of the Texas Government Code "Dedicated to Quality Service" www cityofdenton corn ITINERARY CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL ANNUAL PLANNING SESSION JUNE 15 & 16, 2001 Mamott Solana 5 Village Circle Westlake, TX 76262 (817) 430-3848 ATTIRE Casual (817) 430-5094 (fax) Friday~ June 15~ 2001 10 30 a m Van departs City Hall parlang lot 11 00 a m Van depart Mamott Solana for NCTCOG'S General Assembly Meeting Luncheon Hilton Arhngton, 2401 E Lamar Blvd Luncheon Attendees Eullne Brock Rom Beasley Jane Fulton Mark Burroughs M~ke Conduff Pamela Rambo-Estfll John Cabrales 2 00 p m Van departs Hilton Arhngton 2 00 p m Amval and check-m (Betty wdl check everyone in and meet you in the lobby w~th your key Luggage voll be delivered to your room ) ITINERARY CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL ANNUAL PLANNING SESSION June 15 & 16, 2001 Page 2 2 30 p m Welcome and mtroductions Mamott Solana, Salon C 6 00 p m AdJourn Session 7 00 p m Clelo Lounge Mamott Solana Social Gathering 7 30 p m Droner Clelo Restaurant Mamott Solana Saturday~ June 16~ 2001 7 30 a m Breakfast MarnoR Solana, Archway 8 30 a m Session Resumes Mamott Solana, Salon C 12 00 Noon Lunch Mamott Solana, Archway 1 00 p m Session Resumes Mamott Solana, Salon C 4 00 p m Adjourn cuv. cK-otrr Check-out time is 12 00 Noon Bnng your luggage and your key to Betty Williams on Saturday morning She will get everyone checked out and have your baggage held at the front desk until you are ready to depart ~ ~arriot~?ol~~ ~ Villagr~ C~ , Texas 76262 Fax (817) ott Solana rn South t~ards ~rth to Hi East. Follb~ 114 town of ]~oan0k~e~several stop Kirk~u~turn ~ I, into S~~gVil~enter. ahead,~ Marriott parkin left. AboutAspen htlp//www.aspengroup orff/AboutAsp~ html Fhe A~/~en (;rOUl~ in~ernatlonal, It: was founded m 1993 Its foundmg partners have worked throughout the Umtod ~]tatns and mtematnonall~ for over 40 combmed years nss~stmg boards and thenr leadership teams The partnership ~s supported by associates whose skdls fill every concenvable need experienced by boards The Aspen Group ns one of the very few leadership development compames specnahzmg m services to non-profit boards We know boards Whatever the nssue, we have dealt with it Our work ns personahzed for each chent Worlung ns patters w~th our clnents, we custom desnl~n each project to focus entirely on the cheat's ~dentnfled needs We follow three basic objectives m each project we accept 1. Meet the client's unique needs We bel~m by 8ammg thorough nnslght ~nt, o. thc c!lent's ~roblem, s, concerns and ~ssues and their complex:ties We then desk8n a process to aam~ss me surmce eno sub-surface issues, and to meet the full range of expectations w~thm the context of the client's orgamzatlonal culture 2 Build long-term trust and relationships. Time, money and morale are lost needlessly when orgen~zatnons shift from one consultant to another We work hard to budd your confidence m us, hopefully to result In our long-term, mutual benefit 3. Develop the team. The board ts a team - either a wummg team or a Iosmg one The board and CEO are the leadershnp team, with the same optnons Our objective ts to develop both teams to melt highest,levels of effectnvennss We make these fundamental commitments to our cbonts ! to provide practical, results-oriented trammg and fecthtat~on 2. to provoke open, honest and flank dnscusslon of your orgennzatlon's deepest values 3. to challenge you to confront difficult performance nssues and to rcthmk your role as mdnvldual leaders ,and the collective leadershn~) team or board 4. to create with you a process to achieve excellence for yourself and your or~enleatlon Our reputation is at stake each tame we accept a new project We enter into contracts only after a thorough discussion to ascertam that our skills and services are compatible with your needs P O Box 1777 Castle Pock, Colorado 80104 ph 303 882 9888 OR 303 478 O125 fax 208-247-6084 Lmda J Da.wson. oresldent e Randy O~mn_ Ed D, f0undm~ oartnc~ -W Home Iofl 4/25/01 4 22 PM Semm~s hup//ww~ ~pengroup o~/Semmars hind Cuxtom ff'or~shop · Tr~Jnin~ ~emmar~ One on one, m small teams or large ~roups you make ~e chmce ~e Asp~ ~oup h~ extensive ~mmE ~d cxp~ce to call upon tn m~mg yo~ ~lque n~ds Bach ofo~ ch~ts ~s ~a~d ~ ~e sp~ia[ sHen~on to d~l you n~ ~d dese~e As zn o~ o~er ~zfi~ s~es, we work w:~ you to estabhsh a pm~ · at achzeves yo~ p~o~ ~d m~ yo~ ex~t:ons Leadership ~ade~ must ~k "Is my ~nal ws:on con~t ~ ~d appmpnnte ~ o~ o~t~on~ ~ I have · e skdls ~d ~le m me~ ~e n~d9" D~stdl values. Ch~e or s~en behavm~ Examine ~e appropriate lea~r/~t role ~am to exc~se ~lf m~ngem~t ~d ~lfd~phne as you empower ~d ~lease ~ople m wo~ Braid hs~ ~o~ce t~s for success Commu~ea~on ~on~ I~d~, m~ally ~ employee te~s, wo~ ~ups, ~d externally ~ ~et~ pubhcs ~d key st~ehold~ s~c~fic s~lllb~ldmff ~p~ve yo~ co~ous ~o ~consc~ous ooay t~e, ~pam ~. ~d te~ bui~g ~hsvto~ Le~ how ~o d~elop sy~emsc ~d syst~at~c comm~scat~on We use o~ ~mm~, expe~ce ~d facd~tat~on sk~lls to help md~v~d~ls as well ~ ~ups conflict We,~cd~ta~ s~s~ons ~ md~vtd~ls ~d ~ ~ups to develop no~ ~v~de ~1c ~n~l~tton ~d fol~w-up [~ 1~2-t~ ~mpa~ We help dest~ co--on s~tc~es to ~pe ~th mew~9~e ~n~ll~ ~2 ov~ome ~t Meyer-Brings T~ Indicator To help ~os~ mdnwd~ls ~d ~oups who ws~ to ~ ~de~t~d ~ ~em~lv~ ~s t~l ~s~h ss rudely ~g~ed at ~e mo~ vnhd ~d ~hable paychom~c m~t for ~lf mv~to~ o~p~ahty t~e ~e work ~s p~ented m a non-~t~mg ~vlm~t o~if~ov~ ~d enjo~t w~out "la~lmg" ~ople or wolatmg ~y md~v~d~l d~ for privacy It ns ~ ex--ely usc~l md m,te~bmldmg ~d conflsct m~agem~t ReWenm: to ~d~ss roles, ~lat~onsh~ps ~d teamwork m the c~tmumg effo~ to meet yo~ boUom line challenges Conc~t~ ~d extend~ f~us on ~e work of~e ~am o~ pr~uces ~at~ ~mpmvement m a · o~ar ~o~t oft~mc We behave "gomg slow to go fast" ts a no~ for compet~t md~wd~ls ~vmg to ~ membe~ ora com~t~t team We ~a~e you m ~alyzmg yo~ ~at p~se ~d ex~cmtsons We ~ for yo~ app~val a 4125101 4 22 PM I of 2 Seminars h~p~/www aspen~roup org/Semmats html complete agenda of interachve learnra~ achvittes.lhat ~t.t ~e profile ot'y.o .ur teara We .t~k. e .pride .m ou~ abdnty to work with adult learners of d~fferant ,tytes ana marnrag rates, wnue acmevrag me outcoraes of the whole Actw~tms are tadored as appropriate for re, eats of boards and/or vemcai teams with eraployees Sessmns can nm~e fmra one to two days dapendmg upon your demred outcoraes and budget We take 71~o. nmbd~/for the enme proee,~ flora rote and fac~hty planning to menus to prognm~ dehvery and fac~htat~on. Evnltmtmn and follow up mclude reraforcement actsxqt~es whole throush a customized blen¢l OIHltelleCtUal ~no physical ollal~ellg~:a mr team workmg together! Great fun with specific, practical mstghts and icammB expenences P,O Box 1777 Castle Rook, Colorado 80104 ph 303 882 9888 OR 303 478 0125 fax 208*247-6084 I.mdn J, [:)av~o~L oresidellt e Randy 0mnn- Ed.[:),, fourtdnlg 4/25/01 4 22 PM 2 of 2 http Ilwww aspengroup ors/Strate$~c hunl Strategic Strategtc Planning 4 Tr#nsformatton Proces~ Sltate8~c planntn~ the process of making de~s.~.ons about how to tn~t_thf__,~t.,..~. detnands, constraints arid opportullltleS prcsCllteQ Dy your onvlrOl~l~t ttllU =otttul~a~z your umque place tn history by deslgtnng your future The Aspen Group helps position your or,~anizatton for recreating itself to take full advantage of,its resou~es Through facllltatlO~ .ofa process that revolves representatives of your key stakeholders, we aouress I bedroek beliefs and core vnlues 2. environtnentnl seans 3. organizational mhsion 4 cntnprehensive goals 5 tactical methods and strategies 6. speeifle actions tied to achievable titnelines We take pride tn our chent'$ end product a stm~ple_, doable and prioritized plan to be unplemented for successful leadership, 9nthtn an efficient penoa ot-t~me Our process has been developed by us over an extended tune. adapted fi'otn top business and educetwn tnodeis We apply these utnque feature that we know work L extensive dialogue w~th key stakeholders and opinion leaders 2. focused timeHnes for aehtevtng each cotnponent 3. elanrly articulated goals w~th aC~ountab*hty measures 4. accountability eheeks w~th work teatns 5. annual update of the plan P 0 Box 1777 Castle Rock. Colorndo 80104 ph 303 882 9888 OR 303 478 0125 fax 208-247-6084 Lmda J Dawson. Drestdent *Randy Outtm, Ed D. fouadtng varme_r B me. 4/25/01 4 21 PM About Bom'ds ht~/Avv~v~spengroup or8/Ab°utB°ards html 4bout Boar~s .. Peter Drocker said it They don't work~ Yet in thc United States alone, there are millions of thom, all trying m their own ways to contribute to thc betterment ofeomethmg public schools, universities, credit unions, banks, youth clubs, community assomattons, civic clubs, chanties, foundations, cotmtry clubs and music guilds You name it, there is a board goveromg it - or trying toI Some boards oversee profit-making companies, others tend to ~c affairs of . . . non-profit agencies, others control all-volunteer .orga~.lZattons..~.omc are .palu, om,ers ~a~*e..n_o~t Some ave appointed, others are elected Members of some coates serve nlll-umc, cruets only part-umu The vast majority ofbeerds arc comprised of citizens who volunteer their time to oversee an organization m which they believe They hope to make a positive chfference, to add value to the entity whos~ affairs they govern. Collectively, they devote htertdly b!lhon~ of p~.rson-hou~, each year.!o~these organizations, many ofwhloh would cease to exist if volunteer ~oaro mem~rs were less commit'leo Despite the ulherent worth of boards and the_fi, members, mo.st wo.uld ague. · th. at ~for c~v_e_~..__o~ ,b~leaarvde~haettr works well, there are scores of others that.don t Board. m~embers..thcmselves xar~ _u~_.,_ posts behevmg they have failed to make me. positive mn..e~ce me.y cn~vlslon?,___w~_cn.m_~:~.~ ~.~o They foresaw a future for the organization tlley were unanle to create wasted dealu~g not w~th the substantive issues that confronted the organization, but by mvlai matters that more appropvietely should have been handled by staff Th~. v_.~,~,.,~o o,~ a,,, ,,~ Ima~ ,mmbers* havm~ been thrust mtoa governing envtronmeot so inherently flawed that its failure was predictable due to generations o~ooara custom have never worked. For as long as there have boards, we have seen these recurring, performance-hunting frusUatlons 1 lack of clarity ia overall focus: what are we cxpexted to accomplish, for whom? Z eunfusiou of roles, la this task the board's responslblhty, or is it staffs? 3. internal preoccupation, rather than external focus boards that feed offthemselVeS - or ono~melr staff- a~complish little for their owners or clients 4. misguided perception of what ts important is the beard's job to be the watchdog, or thc vlslon~setter? Boards don't fall because their members want them to Boards don't fall because then' members arc not comnutted Boards don*t fail because then' members are incompeUmt people, although very competent people can umte to form a very Incompetent boardl boards braids m lack of clarity, opportonltms tor role contusion, eno c°n~tlcz : nat stru~tut~ y kind of on-going momtormg of board or staff performance committed, dedicated members of boards and then' ut:os, a Deixer way lo govern m~ future rests in their hands We provide a structure, the training and professional services necessary to help 4125/01 4 23 PM I of 2 About Bo;mis hll~JAvww ~roup org/AboulBo~rd~,h'l~l leaders fi;notion as offeot~ve md~wduals and to form h~gh performance governing teams P 0 Bo;( 1777 Ca,tie Rook, Colorado 80104 ph 303 882 9888 OR 303 478 0125 fax 208-247-6084 Lmda J. Dawson. omudent · p~_~,'J_~ Omnn Ed.D. fo.ndmn' Dat~]tf 2 of 2 4./25/01 4 23 PM C,ty of Denton C;ty Counml RETREAT AGENDA June 15 & 16, 2001 Marriott Solana - Westlake Annual Planning Session of the City of Denton C,ty Counml on Fr,day, June 15, 2001 at 2'30 p m. and Saturday, June 16, 2001 at 8'30 a m at the Marriott Solana, 5 V;llage C;rcle, Westlake, Texas, at which the follow,ng ~tems w, II be cons,dared June 15, 2001 2 30 p m Welcome and Introduct;ons Discuss,on of Norms and Expectations of C~ty Counmlmembers on Mumc,pal Governance 3 30 p m D~scuss Bu,ld,ng Mutual Understand,ng and Recewe a Report, Hold a D,scuss,on on the Myers Bnggs Type Ind,cator & Acflwt,es Related to the Myers Bnggs Ind,cator and Mummpal Governance 6 00 p m AdJourn June 16, 2001 8 30 a.m Hold a D,scuss;on Concern,ng the Future of Denton Including v' The Year 2006 A Common Vis,on v' Issues Identification & Clanficat, on ~ Strategic Goals & Objectwes 12 noon Lunch Break I 00 p.m Complete Morning Agenda 2 00 p.m D~scuss Pulhng It All Together to Ach;eve the Successful Operation of the C,ty of Denton and the Counc,l's Targets and Goals for the Future Including · / Serve and represent ~ v' Govermng Style v' Common Norms for Work 3 30 p.m Debrief and D,scuss the Next Steps and Necessary Act;on to Implement Mumc,pal Governance Strategies 4 00 p.m AdJourn CERTIFICATE I certify that the above nobce of meeting was posted on the bulletin board at the City Hall of the C~ty of Denton, Texas on the 12th day of June, 2001 at o'clock (a m ) (p rn ) Jennifer Walters City Secretary NOTE THE MARRIOTT SOLANA EDUCATION CENTER IS ACCESSIBLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT THE CITY WILL PROVIDE LSIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS FOR THE HEARING IMPARIED IF REQUESTED AT LEAST 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE SCHEDULED MEETING PLEASE CALL THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE AT 349-8309 OR USE TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES FOR THE DEAF (TDD) BY CALLING 1-800-RELAY-TX SO THAT A SIGN, LANGUAGE INTERPRETER CAN BE SCHEDULED THROUGH THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE Fac~htators TheAspen Group Intl Inc Counc,I Job Descr, ptlon The job of the Council ~s to represent ~ts c~t~zens and lead the organ~zabon by de- term~mng and demanding appropriate and excellent orgamzatlonal performance To d~st~ngu~sh the Council's own umque job from the jobs of the Manager and staff, the Council w~ll concentrate ~ts efforts on the following 1 Ubllzmg proacbve strategies to ensure meamngful I~nkage with the c~t~zens and taxpayers 2 Developing written govermng pohc~es 3 Ensuring Manager performance through momtor~ng orgamzabonal performance 4 Ensuring Council performance through momtormg ~ts performance on a regular basis 5 Ensuring that the City and the Council focus their bme and attenbon on de- fined benefits for the c~t~zens Govermng Style The Council w~ll govern with emphas~s on organizational ws~on rather than on ~nter- personal ~ssues of the Council, encourage d~vers~ty ~n wewpo~nts, focus on strategic leadership rather than adm~mstratwe detail, observe clear d~sbnct~on between Coun- cil and staff roles, make collective rather than ~nd~wdual decisions, exhibit future on- entat~on rather than past or present, and govern proact~vely rather than reactively Accordingly 1 The Council will cultivate a sense of group respons~b~hty The Council, not the C~ty Manager, w~ll be responsible for govermng w~th excellence The Council w~ll use the experbse of ~ndlwdual members to enhance the ablhty of the Coun- Cil as a body, but w~ll not substitute judgments of ~nd~wdual members for the Council's collectwe values The Council will work tn partnership with the Man- ager and staff 2 The Council w~ll hold ~tself accountable for governing w~th excellence Th~s self-discipline will apply to matters such as attendance, preparabon for meet- ~ngs, adherence to pohcymak~ng principles, respect of roles, and ensunng ef- fective governance capab~lity into the future 3 The Council w~ll direct, control and ~nsp~re the C~ty through the careful estab- hshment of wntten pohcies reflecting the Council's values and perspectives The Counml's major pohcy focus w~ll be on the ~ntended long-term benefits for the c~bzens, not on the adm~mstrat~ve or programmabc means of attaining those benefits 4 Continuous Council development w~ll ~nclude or~entabon of new members ~n the Council's governance process and penod~c discussion and evaluabon of process to assure continued ~mprovement 5 The Council w~ll allow no officer, individual or committee to h~nder or be an ex- cuse for the Council's not fulfilling ~ts commitments 6 The Council w~ll monitor its process and performance at each meeting through a debriefing process Self-momtonng w~ll include companson of actual Council acbwty and d~sc~phne to the standards reflected ~n ~ts policies Annual Agenda Plann,ng To accomphsh ~ts stated objecbves, the Council w~ll adopt and follow an annual agenda that schedules continuing rewew, momtor~ng and refinement of ~ts pohc~es, hnkage meetings w~th ~denbfied c~t~zen and staff groups, and acbwt~es to improve Council performance through education, ennched ~nput and dehberatlon Accordingly 1 The planmng cycle w~ll begin each year ~n ~n order that adm~mstrat~ve decision-making and budgeting can be based on accomphsh~ng the next one-year segment of the Council's most recent statement of long term benefits for the c~bzens 2 The planning cycle w~ll start w~th the Council's development of ~ts agenda for the next year, and w,ll ~nclude a Scheduled hnkage discussions and consultations w~th selected groups and persons whose ~ns~ghts and opinions w~ll be helpful to the Council, b Education d~scuss~ons on governance matters, ~nclud~ng orientation of new members In the Council's governance process, and periodic d~scuss~ons by the Council about means to ~mprove ~ts own process, c Scheduled rewew of all pohc~es 3 Throughout the year the Council w~ll attend to consent agenda ~tems as exped~bously as possible An ~tem may be removed from the consent agenda for separate consideration upon a majonty vote of the Council Council Member Covenants In order to build and maintain productive and effective relabonsh~ps, Council members shall maintain a system of commumcabon and ~nteract~on that builds upon mutual respect and trust Accordingly, members w~ll 1 exercise honesty in all wntten and ~nterpersonal commumcat~on 2 demonstrate respect for the op~mons of others 3 focus on ~ssues rather than on personaht~es 4 maintain focus on common goals 5 communicate ~n a t~mely manner 6 respect majonty decisions of the Council 7 w~thhold judgment on ~ssues unbl fully ~nformed 8 criticize privately, praise pubhcly 9 maintain appropnate confldent~ahty 10 g~ve d~rect~on as the whole, not as ~nd~wduals 11 make every reasonable effort to protect the ~ntegr~ty and promote the positive ~mage of the C~ty and one another Members w~ll not 1 embarrass each other or the C~ty 2 ~ntent~onally m~slead or misinform each other 3 maintain h~dden agendas 4 undermine majority decisions of the Council 5 assume responslb~hty for resolving operational problems or complaints Talking in Type Tallang with Extraverts (E) Tallang with Introverts (I) - Show energy and enthusiasm Include time for I's to get to know you and trust you - Respond quickly without long Encourage responses with questions like pauses to think "What do you think about ...~" but don't overwhelm the I with too many questions - Allow tailing out loud without Allow time for I's to think before definite conclusions responding, don't expect immediate ans~vers to questions ( sending agendas before meetings helps) - Communicate openly - do Have more individual or one-to-one not censure activities than group activities - Focus on the external world, the Do not assume an I is uninterested, people and things they may just be taking time to process information Tallang with Sensers {S) Tallang with lntmtives (N) - Show evidence, ie., facts, details Present global schemes, the concept - and examples give the main idea first - Be practical and realistic, and Don't give lots of details unless asked document successful applications to do so - Have a well-thought out plan with Indicate the challenges, the poss~bdit~es, the details worked out in advance and the differences your ideas will bring - Show how your suggestions is a Delineate the future benefits continuation of what is, not a radical change Show thc aspects that are non-routine - Be direct Be aware that work may come in bursts spurts, not an even flow - Be orderly - show the steps involved Let N's dream and don't burst the bubble encourage imagination Talking in Type Talla~g with Thinkers (T) Tallang with Feelers (F) Be brief and concise Get to know the person before getting down to business Be logical and do not ramble Be personable and friendly List the pros and cons of each Demonstrate empathy by presenting alternative areas of agreement first Be intellectually critical and Show why the idea is valuable to people objective and how it will affect people Be calm and reasonable Be aware that F's may have difficulty being critical and giving negative feedback - Donlt assume feelings are un- Pay close attention to the process, the important - they are just valued way you are communicating not just what differently you are saying, watch body language and non-verbals Talla~lg with Judgers (J) Talking with Perceptlves (P) - Present a timetable and stick with it Allow for things to flow, not to follow your time and action calendar - Don't surprise J's; give warnings of Bring in new information and ideas coming changes when possible - Ailo~v time to prepare Allow time for thorough discussion, complexity is desirable - Show that you also accomplish things Allow for options, for changes and ,can be counted upon to follow through - Show your achievement, your results Encourage autonomy - Take a stand, don't be wishy-washy Reahze any change in direction is not necessarily impulsiveness EFFECTS OF EACH PREFERENCE IN WORK SITUATIONS IqXTRAVERTS INTROVERTS Like variety and actuon Like quiet for concentration Tend to be faster, dlslhke comphcated procedures Tend to be careful w~th details, d~slhke sweepmg Ave often good at greetmg people statements Are often impatient with long, slow lobs Have trouble remembenng names and faces Are mterested m the results of their lob, In gettmg it done Tend not to nund working on one prolect for a long t~me and m how other people do it wtthout mterruptlon Often don't rand the interruption of answermg the Are mterested In the idea behmd their job telephone Dlshke telephone intrusions and mterrupt~ons Often act quickly, sometimes without ttunkmg Like to tlunk a lot before they act, sometimes without actmg Like to have people around Work contentedly alone Usually communicate freely Have some problems communlcatmg SENSING TYPES INTUITIVE TYPES Dislikes new problems unless there are standard ways to solve them Like solving new problems Like an established way of domg thmgs Dislike doing the same flung over and over again Enjoy using skills already learned more than learnmg new ones Enjoy learnmg a new skall more than usmg ~t Work more steadily, with reahstnc idea of how long it will take Work in bursts of energy powered by enthusiasm, with slack Usually reach a conclusion step by step periods m between Are patient with routme details Put two and two together quickly Are lmpahent when the details get complicated Are impatient with routme details Don't often get msp~red, and rarely trust the aspiration when Are patient with comphcated situations they do Follow their inspirations, good or bad Seldom make errors of fact Often get their facts a bit wrong Tend to be good at precise work Dislike takmg time for precision THINKING TYPES FEELING TYPES Are relatively unemotional and unmterested m people's feelmgs Tend to be very aware of other people and their feelmgs May hurt people's feehngs without knowing it Enjoy pleasmg people even in urumportant things Like analysis and putting ttungs into logical order Can get along Like harmony Efficuency may be badly disturbed by office feuds without harmony Often let decisions be influenced by their own or other people s Tend to decide lmpersonall~ sometimes ignoring people's wishes likes and wishes Need to be treated fairly Need occasional praise Are able to reprimand people or fire them when necessary Dislike tellmg people unpleasant thmgs Tend to relate well only to other thmkmg types Relate well to most people May seem hard-hearted Tend to be sympathetic JUDGING TYPES PERCEPTIVE TYPES Best when they can plan their work and follow the plan Tend to be good at adaptmg to changmg situations Like to get things settled and wrapped up Don t nund leavmg thmgs open for alterations May decide tkangs too quickly May have trouble makmg decisions May d~shke to interrupt the project they are on for a more urgent May start too many projects and have difficulty in Ems?ung them one May postpone unpleasant jobs May not notice new thmgs that need to be done Want to know all about a new job Want only the essentials needed to get on with a lob Tend to be curious and welcome new hght on a thing, situation, Tend to be satisfied once they reach a judgment on attung, or person ! ~dapted from Introduction to 2~pe, 2nd edition published by Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Gamesvllle, Florida ovvrmht 1962 1970 1976 by Isabel Brm~s Mvers Used bv vernusslon of the Author APPENDIX: THE SIXTEEN TYPES Portrait of an ENFJ: ENFJs are outstanding leaders of groups both task groups and growth groups They have the charming characterzstm of seeming to take for granted tha! they wdl bo followed never doubting that people wdl want to do what they suggest And more often than not. people do because th~s type has unusual charisma ENFJs place a h~gh value on cooperation from others and are most wdhng to cooperate themselves Found an only about 5 percent of the general population ENFJs place people as being of lughest impertance and priority As a result ENFIs may find themselves feeling responsthle for the feehngs of others to an extent wluch places a burden on the relatmnsh~p An ENFJ commumcates caring, concern and a w~llmgness to become revolved. Thus people turn to ENF]s for nurture and support, wluch an ENFJ ~s usually able to dehver At t~mes however, these kinds of demands can overwhelm ENF]s who find et thzs point that they lack the skdls to d~s- socmte ENFJs do not seem able to turn away from these de- mands even when they become unreasonable- Or ~f forced to let go of the burden through sheer unavadabd~ty o! tune or energy, ENI~s expermnce a gmlt ail out of propertmn to the reuhtms of the commitment made to the relatmnstup ENF]s are especmlly vulnernble to uleahzmg interpersonal relalmnshnps, rs~stng these relatmnshnpe to a plane which sel- dom can sustain the rcohtnes of human nature. Because of I~B Please Under$1and Me Appendix Ih~S tendency lu raise intorpersonul tahitians to the ideal £NFI mates always try to please end feel persomdly respon- ENF~s may unwltllngly overpower their friends who believe s~ble when home life does not 8o smoothly They are tireless lhat they connul possibly live up to an ENI-I s perception of in their efforts Io see that it does providing generously from them The foci iq £NFIs are extraordinarily tolerentof others available income time, end energy This dedication often seldom critical and always Irustworthy oxisle, however side by side wllh an ENFJ s dream of the per[ecl relahonshlp--a characteristic of oil NFs but one ENF]s take communication for granted and believe that they which is parllcularly strong in an ENF] Thus an ENF] has that are understood and thai their communications are accepted longing for the ideal thai results m a vague dissatisfaction lust as they themselves are accepting so do they assume that with wbeiever is In the way of relationships meting as well others are the same When ENF]s find that their position or as friendship beliefs were not comprehended or accepted they are sur- prised puzzled and somehmes hurt Fortunately this does This longing for Ihs perfect carries over into the careers of not happen with high frequency, as ENFJs have a remarkable ENFIs, who experience some degree of restlessness whatever fluency with language, especially in speech, they are portico- lheir jobs And, as with ENFPs, ENF]s have a wide range of lerly adept when communicohng face-to-face os opposed to occupations which offer success Being verbally adept, F..NFJe communicating in writing They ere influential therefore in contribute to an unusual level when dealing with people, par- groups having no hesitation about speaking out no matter hcularly face-to-face, the media, the ministry and the stage how lar~ or small the group may bo and screen are populated with successful ENFJs They make superior therapists, charismehc teachers, excellent execu- ENF]s have an unusual abihty to relate to others with empathy hve9, and personalized salespersons Areas that would not taking mia themselves the characteristics emotions, and be* permit utilization of the interactional talents of ENF]s. for hers of others Thru can pose a danger for ENFJs, because example, accounting, should be avoided, otherwise, almost they can unconsciously over-idenhfy with others and pick up any people-to-people occupation where personal, sustained their burdens as if they were their own In tho process ENFJs contact is involved capitalizes on tho personality of an ENFJ may risk their own sense of identity They have a natural ability to mimic because of this highly developed ability to empathize ENFJs lika to have things setlled and organized They prefer by introJecilon They are likely to be very concerned about to plan both work and social engagements ahead and tend to tho problems of tlmse ch~so lo thom but they also may get as be absolutely reliable in honoring these commitments ENFJs deeply involved m the problems of those hal so close and may are very much at homo In complex situations which require find themselves ovor-exlended emohonelly the lusghng of much ddta Al the same time, they can handle people with charm and concern ENFIs are usually popular ENF] s would do well to follow their hunches for their lnlul- wherever they ere Thulr ability to be comfortable either load. lion tends to be well developed Decisions made purely on the lng or following makes them easy to have around, whatever basts of logic may not be so sound and checking with a per- Ihs situation A well-developed ENFJ group leader can provide. son who has a strong T preference might be at times advis almost endlessly, activities for groups to engage In with almost able~ for the ENFJ In the framework of values however the no preplanning end can find adequate roles for members of ENF] is on certain ground Generally. they know what they the group to play In some. this can amount to genius which prefer and can read other people with outstanding accuracy other types fred hard to emulate In this ability to organize Seldom is an ENF! wrong about the motivations or intent of without planning there is u certain similarity to an ESFJ, but another hidden or not the latter acts more as a master of ceremonies than as a leader of groups The ESFJ Is more of n recreational leader, who ENF]s are socially adept and make excellent companions and insures that each member has fun at a party and that the right mates They also are deeply devoted to their children, yet tend things are expressed at social occastuns, especially insfltuo not to be domineering to either the children or a mate In fact. tional social occasions such as weddings, funerals, parties, the ENF] is so even-tempered that he or she can be victimized and the lika ENF]a, Just like the ESF~s. value harmonious by a mate who might have become more and more demanding human relations above all else. but ENFIs are not so easily i70 P~ease Under;land Me AppendL~ crushed by indiiference as are ESF]s and are more indepen- with others, and find conflict disagreeable arid destructive Whet is known as ESP is likely found in an INF! more than dent of others' valuations in any other types, although other types are capable of such - phenomena 1NFJshave vwid ~ exercisad both as Porlralt of an INFJ: memory and intuition, and this can amount to genius, result- lng at times in an INFJ*e being seen as mystical This unfnt* INF]s focus on possibilities think in terms of values and come tared imagination often will enable this person to compose easily to dem:,ions The small number of this type {1 percent) complex and often aesthetic works of art such as music, maths- is regrettable since INFIs have an unusually strong drive to matlcal systems, poems, plays, and novels In a sense, the INFI contribute to the welfare of others and genmnely enjoy help- is the most poetic of all the types lust as an ENT] cannot not ins their fellow men This type has great depth of personality, lead, so must an INFI intuit, this capability extends to people, they are themselves complicated and can understand and things, and often events, taking the form of visions, episodes deal with complex issues and people of foreknowl edge. premonitions, auditory and visual images of things lo come INFJs can have uncanny communications it is an INFJ who is likely to have visions of human events with certain individuals at a distance past present, or future If a person demonstrates an ability to understand psychic phenomenon better than most others INFJs often select liberal arts as a college major and opt for this person is apt to be an INF] Characteristically, INFls have occupations which involve interacting with people, but on a strong empathic abilities end can be aware of another's emu one-to-one basis For example the general practitioner in lions or intents even before that person is conscious of these medicine might be an INF] or the psychiatrist or psycholo- This can take the form of feeling the distress or illnesses of gist As with all NFs. the ministry holds attraction, although others to an extent which is difficult for other types INFIs thelNF] must develop an extraverted roleherewbichrequlres can intuit good and evil tn others although they seldom can a great deal of energy INF]s may be atlrected to writing as a tell how they came to know Subsequent events tend to bear profession, and often they use language which contains an them out however unusual degree of imagery They are masters o! the metaphor and both their verbal and written communications tend to be INFJs are usually good students achievers who exhibit an unostentaclous creativity They take their work seriously and elegant and complex Their great talent for language usually is directed toward people describing people and writing to enjoy academic activity They can exhibit qualities of over- communicate with people in a personalized way INPJs who per[echonism and put more into a task than perhaps is lush- write comment often that Ihey write with a particular person bed by the nature of the task They generally will not be visible in mind, writing to e faceless, abstract audience leaves them leaders but will qmetly exert influence behind the scenes uninspired INFIs are hard to get to know They have an unusually rich inner life but they are reserved and tend not to share their INF]s make outstanding individual therapists who have the reactions except with those they trust Because of their vul- ability to get in touch with Ibe archetypes of their patisnls nerabdity through a strong facility to tetra)ecl. INFIs can be in a way some other types do not The tNFJs are also the most hurt rather easily by others, which perhaps is et least one vulnerable of ail the types to the eruption of their own arche- reason they tend to be private people People who have known typal material As therapists. INFIs may choose counseling, an INF) for years may find sides emerging which come as a clinical psychology, or psychiatry, or may choose to teach in surprise Not that INFIs are inconsistent they are very coasts- these fields Writing about these professions orlon intrigues tent and value integrity But they have convoluted, complex an INF! Whatever their choice, they generally are successful in these fields because their great personal warmth, their personalities which sometimes puzzle even them enthusiasm their insight, the, ir .depth of copcentratlon, their INl-]s like to please others and lend to conlrlbuto their own originality, and their organizational Sldlls can all be broughl best efforts in all situations They pre[er and enjoy agreeing into play 172 PJeu~,e [~nde~'llond Appen~ 173 ^t work as well es socially. ]NF]s are highly sensitive m Ihalr handbag of others and tend ia work well in an organizational Porlral! of an structure They have a capacity for working at Jobs which require solitude end concentration but also do well when in For ENFPs nothing occurs which does not have some sigmfl* contact with people, providing the human interaction is not cence and Ihey have an uncanny sense of the motlvalione of superficial INFIs enjoy problem-solving and can understand others This gives them a lalent for seeing life es an exciting and use human systems creahvelv ~nd humanistically As drama, pregnant with possibilities for both good and evil This employees or employers, INF]s are concerned with people's type is found in only about 5 percent of the general popu- feelings and are able to provide in themselves a barometer lation, but they have great influence because of their extra- of the feelings of individuals and groups within the orgamza* ordinary impact on others ENFPs strive toward tho authentic. tiao INF]s listen well and are willing and able to consult even when acting spontaneously and this intent is usually and cooperate with others Once a decision is made they work communicated nonverbally to others, who find this charac- to ~mplemeni it teristic attractive ENFPs. however find their own efforts of authenticity and spontaneity always lacking, and fend to heap INF|~ are generally good at public relations end themselves coals of fire themselves always berating themselves for have good interpersonal relations They value staff harmony being so conscious of self and want an organization to run smoothly and pleasantly themselves making every effort to contribute to that end They ENFPs consider intense emotional experiences vital, when are crushed by too much criticism end can have their feelings they have these, however they are mede uneasy by a sense hurt rather oasdy They respond ia praise and use approval of being there but with e part of themselves split off They as a means of mohvahng others lust es Ihey the INFIs ere slrlve for congruency but always see themselves In some dan- motivated by approval If Ihey are sublect Io a heshle un- gar of Io..mg Iourh wllh Ihmr reel feelings which ENFPs pos- friendly working cond~hon or Io constant crlhmsm, they tend sees In a wide range and vormly to lose confidence, become unhappy and lmmobdlzod, and finally become physically ill ENFP.~ exercise n conhnuous scanmng of the external environ- meal and nothing oul of Ihe ordinary is hkoly Ia escape their As mates. INFJs are usually devoted to their spouses, but may allenl,on Ihey are keen and penelrahng observers end are not always be open to physical approaches They tend to be capable of Inlense concentration on another individual while physically domonstrahve at times, but wish lo choose when. aware of what is going on about Ihem Their 81tentlon Is never which Is when they ere in the mood This may be quite con- passive or casual never wandering, but always directed Al fusing to an extraverted mate Often an INFJ's expressions of times. ENFPs find themselves Interpreling events In terms o! affection will be subtle, taking a humorous, unexpected turn another's "hidden motive," giving special meanln8 to words INFJs need and want harmony in their hemes and find constant or actions This interpretation tends to be negative and, more conflict overt or covert, extremely destructive to thmr allen then not, inaccurately negative in the process, an psyches Their friendship circle is likely to be small, deep. and may find that he or she has introduced an unnecessary, toxic long*standing As parents, INFJs usually are fiercely devoted element into the relationship While ENFPe are brilliantly per. A female INFI, particularly, is linked to her children in a way captive, they can make serious mistakes In Judgment, which different from the other types with almost a psychic symbiosis works to Ihmr discomfort These mistakes derive from their This deep bond can create an overdependency that can be tendency to focus on data which confirm their own biases unhealthy for both mother and child At the same time, INFJs They may be absolutely correct in their perceptions but wrong tend to be good friends with their children, while firm in dis- in their conclusions clpbne They usually are concerned about the comfort of a home and most especially the comforl, physical health, and Because they tend to be hypersensitive and hyperalerl. Ihey emotional well-being of both mates and children may suffer from muscle tension Tl~ey live in readiness for emergencies, because they have Ibis I'acilily. Ihey assume this ~s true for others They cea be(omo bored rather quickly with Ihs Interpretative arts. purtlcularly character acting People- both slluetions and people and resist repeating experiences to-people work is essentler for EIqFPe who need the feedback They enloy the process of creating something--an idea or a of interaction with others ENFPs may find it difficult Io work project--but are not as interested in tile follow-through They within the constraints of an institution, especially in following are typically enthusiastic and this is contagious People get rules, regulations, and slandard operating procedures Moro caught up and anlranced by an EIqFP Yet this t~is marked trreq~ly. Ins~t~tution~l procedures and policies are t~rgsts to with a fierce independence, repudiating any kind of subordl- be challenged and bent by tho wdl of an E.NFP. Colleagues nation, either in themselves or in olbers in relation to them end superiors sometimes find themselves in the position of They do tend to attribute more power lo authority figures then having to accommodate end salvage Ri times, Fr~NFPs demon- is there and give over to these figures an ability to ' see strata impatience with others, they may 8et into difficulty in through" them--which also is not apt to be there While ENI'Ps an organization by siding with Its detractors, who find in an resist the notion of others becoming dependent or having power ENFP a slnnpathalic ear and e natural rescuer. In occupo. over them their charisma draws followers who wish to be tlonel choice. ENFPs quickly become restless if tho choice shown the way ENFPs constantly find themselves surrounded involves painstaking detail and [~ollow4hrough over a period of by others who look toward the ENFP for wisdom, inspiration time Variety in day-to*day ~peratiotm and interactions best courage leadership, and aa on--an expectancy which, at suits the talents of ENFPs. who need quite a bit of latitude in ttmes weighs rather heavily on an EhlFP which to exercise their adaptive Ingenuity ENFPs ere characteristically ophmisllc and are surprised As metes. ENFPs tend to be charming, gentle, sympathetic when people or events do not turn out es anticipated Often add nonconformist They are not likely to be interested In the their confidence in tho innate goodness of fate and human less-inspired routines of daily maintenance and ever will be nature is a self-fulling prophecy seeking new outlets for Iheir inspirations As parents, ENI:Ps are devoted although somewhat unpredictable in handling ENFPs have a remarkable latitude in career choices and suc their children, shifting from a role of friend-in-need-rescuer coed in many fields As workers they are warmly enthusiastic to stern authority figure They may not always be willing to high-spirited, ingenious, imaginative, end can do almost any- enforce their , impulsive pronouncements, but leave it to their Ihing that interests them They can solve most problems, par- mates to follow through A mate of an ENFP can expect charm- ticulerly those dealing with people They are charming end at lng surprises extravagant generosity punctuated by periods of ease with colleagues others enloy their presence ENFPs are frugality Independent actions regarding money on the part of outstanding in getting people together and are good at Initial- an ENFP s mate are not ordinarily welcomed, end the mate mg n]eetmgs and conferences although not as talented at pro- vldln~ [or the operational dellnls of these events They enloy may find him or herself in an embarrassing situation of having to return purchases F, NFPs generally are the ones in charge inventing new w,lys of doing things and their prelects tend to of the home. and a confhct-frea home is desired, almost do- become a cause quickly becoming personalized They ere mended When he or she is in charge of economic resources imaginative themselves but can have difficulty picking up on the EIqFP's home may contain extravagant luxuries, while ideas and prelects imtialed by others They must make these necessities may be missing They are not always interested in ideas and prelects their own if ElqFPs ere to lend their energy saving for the future and may be casual in 8tying considers. and interest Once people or projects become routine I~hlFPs lion to such things as life insurance savings accounts and ere bkely to lose interest what might be is always more even a ready cash supply for mate and children fascinating Iban what is £hlFPs make extensive use of their intuitive powers They usually have a wide range of personal ENFPs are characteristic in their pursuit of the novel, their end telephone contacts expending energy in maintaining both strong sense of the possible, and outstanding intuitive powers career and personal relationships At the same time, they have warmth and fun with people and generally are unusually skilled in handling people Their ex- ENF?s make excellent salespeople advertising people pohti- traverted role tends to be well developed as is their capacity clans, screen or play writers, and in general are attracted to [or the novel and the dramatic Portrait of an INFP: they see things as either reel or fancied, end are Impelienl with the hypothetical INFPs present a calm, pleasant face to the world and are seen as rehcent and even shy Although they demonstrate a cool At work INFPs are adaptable, welcome new ideas and new reserve toward others inside they era anything but distant information, ere well aware of people and their feelings, and They have a capacity for caring which is not always found relate wall to most, albeit with some psychological distance in other types They care deeply--indeed, passionately--about INFPs dislike lelephone interruptions and work well alone, as a few special persons or e cause One word that captures this well as with others They are patient with complicated situs- type ~s tdeollstm At times this characteristic leaves them feel- tlons, but impatient with routine details They can make errors mg isolated especially since INFPs are found in only I per- of fact, but seldom of values Their career choices may be cent of the general population Jowerd the ministry, missionary work, college teaching, psy- chiatry, archllecture, psychology--and away from business ]NFPs have a profound sense of honor derived from internal They seem willing and usually are able to apply Ibemeelves values Tho INFP is the Prince or Princess of mythology, the scholastlca]ly Jo gain the necessary training for professional King s Champion, Defender of the Faith and guardian of the work, often doing better in college than in high school They castle Sir Cnlehad and Joan of Arc ere male end female pro- '" have a natural interest in scholarly activities and demonstrate. retypes al an INFP To understand INFPs their cause must be as do the other NFs, a remarkable YaciJlty for languages Sl- anderer°ad for they are willing to make unusual sacrifices ten they hear e calling to go forth into the world to help others, for someone or something believed in they seam willing to make the nacassaFy personal sacrifices Involved In responding to that call, even Jr it means asking INFPs seek unity in their lives, unity of body and mind. omo- others to do likewise INFPs can make outstanding novelists tions and intellect They often have e subtle tragic mot,f run- end character actors, for they are able to efface their own meg through their lives, but others seldom detect this inner personalities in their portrayal of 8 character in a way other minor key The deep commitment of INFPs to the positive and types cannot the good causes them to be alert to the negative and the evil. which can take the form of a fascination web the profane As mates. INFPs have a deep commitment to their pledges Thus INFPs may live a paradox, drawn Ioweld purity and They lika to live in harmony and may go to great lengths to unity bul lookin8 over the shoulder toward the sullied and avoid constant conflict They are sensitive to tho feelings of desecrated When INFPs believe that they have yielded to an others and enjoy pleasing those they care for They may find impure temptation, they may be given to acts of 5alf-secrdlca il difficult to reconcile a romanlic, idealized concept of conJu- in atonement The atonement, however, is within the INFP. gel life with the realities of everyday living with another per. who does not feel compelled to make public the issue son At times, in fact. INFPs may seem fearful of exuberant attainment, afraid that current advances may have to be paid INFPs prefer the valuing process over the purely logical They for w/th later sacrifices Tho devil is sure to get his due if respond lo the beautiful versus the ugly. the good versus the the INFP experiences too freely of success, or beauty, or bed and the moral versus the immoral Impressions are gained health, or wealth or knowledee And thps. INFPs guard against in a fluid, global, diffused way Metaphors and similes come givin~g way to relaxing in tho happiness of mating They may naturally but may be strained INFI)s have a 81fi lor interpret- have difficulty in expressing affection directly, but communi- ins symbols, as well as creating them. end the5 often write in cate interest and affection indirectly lyric fashion They may demonstrate a tendency to take de* liberate liberties with logic Unlike the NT. they see logic aa For INFPa. their home is their castle Aa parents, they ere something optional INPPa also may. at times, o'.sums an un* barco in protection of homo and family and are devoted to the warranted familiarity with a domain, becau.~l, their global, welfare of family members They have a strong capacity for impressionistic way of dealing with reality may huve failed to devotion, sympathy, and adaptability in their relationships. resister a sufficient number of details for mastery INFPs may and Ibns are easy to live with They are loyal Io their family have difficulty thinking In terms nre co~,'hflnnal r.omewo,-t, an~ -tthou-~- '%ay --- drer- "f gr .... r p~r-, -es, i' ' ~y stray ~nto those pastures they soon locate tho nettles The al- ~llon budders, and theyca~ol not load They fred themselves most preconsc,ous convection that pleasure must be paid for In co--and and somellmos are mystif~ed as to how th~s haw w~th pmn can cause s sense of uneamnoss In the famdy system period As administrators ~Js organize their units into of an INFP who may transmit an asr of being ever-vlgdant smooth-functlomng system, pla~mg In advance, keeping ~th against invasion In the routme rituals of daU~liwng ~FPs ~r~rm ~ ~ ~ectives we~ in mind ~e~ se~ tend to bo compliant and may even prefer ~vmg declslo~ and can sea ef~ien~ and effectiven~s ~ pe~o~al ~oy made on thmr behalf~unt~l their value system is vmlatedt prefer decislo~ lo ~ ~s~ on impe~onal ~ta. want to work ~en ~s dig ~ ~eir heels and will not budffe from ideals from well-~ou~t~ut pla~. ~d like to ~e en8~ee~ o~ra* ~fe M~ an I~ ~11 fie Bently along for lo~ peri~s, ~til tie--and they prefer that o~ers foll~ an ideal m struck and violated ~en an INFP wdl resist ~ the ~lt~ of tho orffanl~tJon a~ will ex~ct others to and insist do so ~s will usually rise to posltio~ of respons~b~lty and enjoy Podrait of an ENTJ: ~ln8 exe~tlves ~ey are Ur~e~ ~ ~elr de~on to ~eir jobs and ~n easily block out other ar~s of life for ~e sake If one word were used to capture E~J's style, tt wo~d of work ~ey will be able to reduce inefflcmn~, ineffecti~ be commandant ~e basic driving force and need of E~9 ness. and aimless confusion. ~in8 wlllin8 to dts~ss ompl~s zs to lead. and f~m an early asa they can ~ observed taking who ~rpetuate such ~havtors ~s tend to work In oraeni- over groups ~is type Is found in approximately 5 percent of ~tional st~ctures of some sort. tend to the total population E~s have e strong urge to 8tva struc* tratzvely, and rise to top levels of responsibdity, whether tore wherever they erects harness people to distant seals the military, business. ~ucetlon. or 8overnment ~mr empirical, obJect~ve, and extraverted tht~ln8 may be h~shly developed, if this is the case. they use classdtcation. E~s take charge of the home When an ~ is present. 8enerehzatton su~artzetion, adductton of evidence, and there will be little doubt es to who la in ~mmnd Be~e demonstration with ease They resemble ESTJs In thmr ten- their work Is so important to them. however, they can ~come dency to establish plans for a task. enterprise, or organize- increasingly absent, espect~ly if ~le. Male or fe~le. tiaa. but ~T]s search more ~or pohcy and seals than for expect a 8rest deal of their mates, who need to possess a regulations and procedures An E~] s introverted thi~m8 strong personality of their own. a we~eveiop~ autonomy. (analysis and conservation) may be less well developed than many and varied interests, and e healthy self, steam A career the extraverted thinking processes, and the ENT] leader may wife. however, may not be appealing to an turn to an E~ or I~ to provide this kind of input E~Js apt to view his home and famdy es a part of his profession* are similar to l~]s except that the iormer places greater el background, e resource, end adjunct to his own career trust la emp,rtcal thought than in intuition it is the E~Js* development o~ Intuthve sense of coherence, however, that augments and supports thmr empirical thinking As a parent, an E~I will be thoroughly in charge, and the children wdl know what is expected of them--end will be ex- Although E~T]s are tolerant of established procedures they pected to obey When this d~s not occur, an con abandon any procedure when it can bo simwn is 5o ladd* not apt to make a scene, rather. Ihero ferent to t~o seal it seemingly serves Inefficiency ts especially low-key, firm issuance of reprimand and a taking-for-granted retected by E~TJs and repetition of error causes tltem to bo- of immediate o~dtence While both matin8 and parenting are come Impatient For the E~I there must elweys be a reason roles of im~rtance 1o the E~. they are to some dn~ree pr~ for doing anything and people s ~eelmas usually are not sufft- erupted by the E~J's siren8 career interest ~e romantic ctent reason When m charge of an or8amzatton E~]s more dream and the quest for the ideal mate Is usually not a chara~ than any other type demre [and 8enerally have the abdlty) to terzstic of this type ~Js generally do. however, expect · vtsuahze where the organization is sma8 end seem able to home to be attractive, weil~rder~, with meals served pun~ communicate that vision to others They are the natural oraeni- tually and maintenance accomplished on schedule~all these i80 Please Underllund Me in the service oi the larger goal of creating a femdy syslem payoff in Iheir penchenl i'nr logic Ihs INTIs resemble lbo where children can be reared to be produchve and healthy INTPs The logic of en ]Nll however, is hal confined to the end eslehbshlng e devoted, harmonious relehcusblp between expressebly logical Unlike INTPs, INTJs need only to have e men and woman An £NT~ male might expect his mate to be vague. Jnluitlve Impression of the unexpressed logic of esys. active in civic ired community affairs lo be socially sophls- lam to contmue surely on their way Things need only seem hooted and as well educated as he The ENTJ female may find ~l d~fhcult to select e mate who is eel overwhelmed by her logical, this is entirely sufficient Moreover. the alw strong personality and will a keen eye for the consenue *',o ,,r ~, ...... y ,, eye have or positions They can be quite ruthless In the implementation of systems, seldom Countm~ personal cost In terms of time and Portrall of an INTJ: energy Theories which ceunot be made to work are quickly discarded by the INT]s INTJs are the most self-confident of all the types, having 'self- power" awareness Found in about 1 percent of the general To understand INTJs. the,r way of dealing with reality rather population the INTJs live in an introspective reality, focusing than their way of dealing with ideas should be observed close* on possibilities using thinking in the form of empirical logic ly Their conscious thought Is extraverted end empirical and preferring that events and people serve some positive use Hence. they are better al generalizing, classifying. Summarlz- Decisions come naturally to INT]s. once a decision is mode. lng. adducing evidence proving, and demonstrating than INT|s ore at rest INT1s look to the future rather than the past. are the IN'ITs The INTIs ara somewhat less al home with and a word which captures the essence of INTJs is builder-- pure reason, that is. systemic logic, where principles ere ex- a builder of systems and the applier of theoretical models pliclt In this respect they ,resemble t.he ENTJe The INTJs rather than using deductive logic, use their inluition to grasp To INTJs. authority based on position rank. title, or pubhca coherence lion has absolulely no force This type is not likely to succumb to the magic of slogans, walchwords or shibboleths If an idea INTJs have e drive Io complehon, always wilh an eye Io long- or position makes sense lo an INTL it will be adopted, if it term consequences Idea.~ seem Io carry their own force for doesn't, it won't regardless of who took the position or gan- INTJs, although they sublect every idea to the teal of useful. erated the idea As with the IN'IT. aulhorlty per se does not ness DIfficullies are highly ehmulallng to INTIe. who love impress the INTJ responding to a challenge Ihat requires creativity These per* 8onallty Irslts lead INTJs to occupations where theoretical INTIs do however, tend to conform to rules if they are use- models can be translated into actuality They build data and ful. eel because they believe in them. or because they make human systems wherever they work if given even a slight ap- sense, but because of their unique view of reality They are porlunity They can be outstandmg ia scientific research and the supreme pr~lgmattsts, who see reality as something which also outstanding as executives who generate e plethora of is quite arbllrary and made up Thus it can be used as 8 tool-- implementations of ideas Teamed with an IN*IT who Its the or ignored Reahty is quite malleable and can be changed con- architect of systems, the INTJ provides e dimension lo an quered, or brought to heel Reality is a crucible for the rehn- organization which insures thai the work of Ihs INTP does not lng of ideas and In this sense. INTJs are the most theoretical gather dusl on library shelves of all the types Where an ESTP sees ideas as the pawn of r~lity, an INTJ sees reality as the pawn of ideas No Idea is too far-fetched to be entertamed INTJs are natural brain. INTJs can be very single*minded et times, this can bo either stormers, always open to new concepts and. in fact. aggres* sively senkin8 them a weakness or · strength in their careers, for they Can ignore the points of view end wishes of others INTJs usually rise to positions of responsibility, for they work long and hard and INT]s manipulate the world of theory as if on a gigantic chess are steady in their pursuit of goals, sparing neither limo nor board, always seeking strategies and tactics that have high effort on their part or that of their colleagues and employees 182 Please Undersland Ale Append~ INTIs live to see systems translated into substance an INT? others at their ease For example. IN'~s may communicate by way of contrast, is contenl Io design the system In both that time is wasted if used for Idle dialogue, and thu~ people these types however, coherence is the master Both Internal receive a sense of hurry from an iNT~ whioh is not always and external consistency are Important. and if an INT] finds tended In their interpersonal relationships, [N'l']s are usually that he or she is tn a working situation where overlapping better in a working situattnn tha~ In ~ac~batjo~&; situations functions, cluptt~nI,on o~ effort, Irm~hcmnt paper flow. and They donot enjoy physical contact except with o chosen few waste of human and material resources abound the INT! can- not rest until an effort is made to correct the situation Cost- As parents, INT/s are dedicated and single-nflnded in their effectiveness is e concept which has e strong imperative for devotion Their children are a major focus in life They ara INTls. who frequently select occupahons in engineering, par- ticularly human engineering They also can be found in the supportive of their children and tend Io allow them to develop physical sciences in roles which require development such as in dl,rectlons o.~ their own choosing INTJs usually are firm end curriculum building, and, in general, any job which requires tlons 81yen to children--or others BernS tho most Independent consistent in their discipline and rarely care lo repeat dJreo* the creation and application of technology to complex areas of all the types, they have a strong need for autonomy;, indif- ference or criticism from people in general dons not partlcu- Fellow workers of INTJs often feel as If the INTI can see right larly bother INT]e, if they believe that they are right They through them, and often believe Ihot the INT! finds them want also have a strong need for privacy ins This tendency of people lo feel transparent in the presence of the INTJ often results in relationships which have psycho* The most important preference of an INTJ is mtuihon, but*this logical distance Thus colleagues find the INTJ apparently un- is seldom seen Rather, the function of thinking is used to deal emotional and at limes, cold and dispassionate Because of with the world and with people INT~s are vulnerable in the their tendency to drive others as hard as they do themselves emotional area and may make serious mistakes here INTJs often seem demanding and difficult to satisfy 1NTIs are high achievers in school and on the Job On Ihs Job they take the goals of an institution seriously and continually strive to Portrait of an ENTP: respond Io Ihese 8cola They make dedicated, loyal employees whose loyalties are directed toward the system, rather than towa~.d individuals within the system So as the people of an ENTPs wish to exercise their ingenuity in the world of people institution come and go. the INT]s have little difficulty--unlike and things Found in about five out of every hundred people. the NFs. who have their loyalties involved more with persons ENTPs extravert intuition, thus they deal imaginatively with than ofilces INTJs tend, ordinarily, to verbalize the positive social relationships as well as physical and mechanical rela- and eschew comments of a negative nature, they are more in- lions They are very alert to what is apt to occur next, end terested in moving an inshtuhon forward then commiserating always sensitive to possibilities about mistakes of the past ENTPs are good at analysis, especially functional analysis. As mates, INTJs want harmony and order in the home and in end have both a tolerance for and enjoyment of the complex relationships They are the most independent of all the types Usually enthusiastic. ENTPs are apt to express interest in They will trust their intuitions about others when making everything, and thus are a source of inspiration to others, who choices of friends and mates, even in the face of contradlo* find themselves caught up by the ENTP's enthusiasm This tory evidence and pressures applied by others The emotions type is dehghled over many things and so ia easy to please, of an IN'TI are hard to read, and neither male nor female INTJ often showing the effervescence of their NF counterpart, the is apt to express emotional reactions. Al times, both will seem ENFP The ENTP is the most reluctant of eli the types to do cold. reserved, and unresponsive, while in fact 1NTIs are al- things in a particular manner Just because that is the way most hypersensitive to signals of rejection from those [or whom things always have been done They characteristically have they care In social situations, INT~s may also be unrespon- an eye out for a better way, always on the lookout for new stye and may neglect to observe small rituals designed to put projects, new activities, new procedures 184 Please Understand Me Appeflda~ r:,NTPs are confident in the value of their pursuits end display they become restless If a project in which they are engaged a charming capacity to ignore tho standard, the traditional, is no longer challenging, they tend to lose interest in that and the authoritative As a result of this open attitude, they project and fail to follow through--often to the discomfort of often bring a fresh, new approach to their work and their lives colleagues The E~rTp is a keen judge ~*f the pragmatics of both the social and the mechanical, and may become expert at directing reis- Seldom are ENTPs conformists ENTPs enjoy outwitting the tionships between means and ends system and uso rules and regulations within the system to win the game--whatever it may be They understand well the poll- Where the introverted IqTP sees design as an end tn itself, tics of institutions and deal with these realities very well. al- the extraverted NrFp sees design as a means, the end is the ways aiming to understand the people within tho system rather invention that works, the prototype that is rephcable Ideas than to judge them ENTPs are good at Innovative projects and ere valuable when and only when they make possible actions can administer them well if dull routine is not involved They and objects "It can't be done" is a challenge to an ENTP and usually are outstanding teachers, continuously devising new elicits a reaction o! "I can do it ' They are not, however, participative ways to make learning exciting for the students the movers of mountains as are the INTJs Rather. the faith of As an employee, an ENTP may work against the system Just the ENhTs is in their ability to improvise something, and they for the Joy of being one-up For ENTPs. to be taken-in, to bo display an unusual talent for rising to the expediency of a situ- manipulated by another, is humiliating, this offends their Joy arian Superficially. EI',ITPo resemble ESTPs in their derrtng- in being masters of tho art of oneupmaushlp ENTPs ara tho do But tho focus of the ENTP is on competency and the sense natural engineers of human rolatioushlps and human systems of power this gives, rather than on the feeling of freedom of Their good humor and optimistic oullook tend Io be contagious. action experienced by tho BSTP and people seek out their company BNTPs can be fascinating conversationalists, able as they are to follow the complex verbalizations of others They may de- As mates. ENTPs tend is create a lively living environment hberately employ debate tactics to the disadvantage of their They are gregarious, laugh easily and often, and are typically opponents, even when the "opponents'* are close associates in good humor Orderliness in the routines of daily living is and valued friends EN*ITs are tho most able of all types to not apt to inspire them, they usually solve this problem by maintain a one-up position with others They value adopin- mobilizing those around them. Tom Sawyer illustrated this billty and innovation and thus respond quickly and adeptly to talent when he solved the problem o[ getting his Aunt Polly's another's shifting position They may even be several jumps fence whitewashed Life with ENTPs is likely to be a daring ahead The ENTP. talkative and motivating, is often the life of adventure, they can lead families into physical and economic an enterprise The ENTP can be an entrepreneur and cleverly dangers EIqTP8 improvise to remain unaware that they do not makes do with whatever or whoever is at hand, counting on have the necessary knowledge of the situation to ward off ingenuity to solve problems as they arise, rather than care* such deniers fully generating a detailed blueprint in advance A rough draft Is all thai an EIqTP needs to feel confident and ready to pro- If the mate of an ENI'¥ is not competitive, he or she is likely coed into action, counting on the ability to improvise as a situ- to find the one-uplone-down transactions somewhat wearing arian develops Because of this tendency to depend on ingenuity If the mate ts competitive, the result might be conflict. Although and improvisation, they may neglect very necessary prepara- usually good providers of economic necessities, ENTPs at times tiaa at times After repeated failures in situations where gm- engage in brinkmanshlp with their careers, placing them in provising has mat with defeat, the EKIT may develop ways Jeopardy and behaving as if unaware of tho consequences, of avoiding such situations as a substitute to thorough they may thus offer unnecessary challenges to those who have preparation power over their professional success. When challenges elicit negative responses from superiors, ENTPe are apl to react ENTPs can succeed in a variety of occupations, as long as the with delight at having an opportunity to improvise a solution Job does not involve too much humdrum routine At this point, to the crisis--and, moro often than hal they succond in doing I.B~ pleose Understand Me Append~ ENTPs are hkely to have all sorts of hobbles and lo be experts m unexpected areas, but they ate not apt to share these hob- tuaUy This quality l~s ~md. generales hoshhly and defen- b~es w~th that mates or children Jn the sense of teachmg s~ve behavers on the part of others, who may describe an them In ~act E~Ps may be very inconsistent In the attention l~Pas arrogant given to offspring Usually. It ~s feast or fames ~Ps have sell,ties They are usually easy-8olag, seldom c~lllcal or nag- Is trivial, a mete arena for paving Ideas It la essential Ihal glng Al lhelt weal. they can show undependable l~ckle char- Ihs univeme Is unde~l~ and that whatever ~s slal~ a~ut acletlst~cs and may be tether easdy discouraged the universe ss alal~ cotrecllg, with coherence and without rodun~ncy This Is the INTF'S final put~e It matters not whether othe~ understand or a~ept h~s or her troths Po~roil el on INIP: Tho I~P Is the Io81cmn. Ihe malhemahcian. Ihe phll~opher. l~Ps exhibit the greatest precision In thought and Innguage Ihe scmntisL any puget requlrmg architecture o[ ideas in- of all the types, they tend to see dlstmctmns and lnconslsten- tr~gues Ibis type 1~ should sol. however, be ask~ to work clesm thought and ian~age Instantaneously ~e one word out the ~mplementatlon or apphcatlon of Ihelr m~els lo Ihe which captures the unique style of I~Ps Is orch~tect--the real world ~e I~ is the architect o[ a ,yslem and leaves ar~ltect el ideas and syste~ as well as the architect of edL It lo others to be the builder and the ap~l~tor. Ve~ often. fl~s ~ls ty~ is found ~ ~y I percenl of the ~pulatlon Iherefor~ the l~'s wo~ Is not ~edlt&d lo ~m or her nnd therefore is not encounte~d as frequently as some of the builder and the applier gains fame and fortune, while the other types l~'s name remal~ o~re Appreciation of an otetical work frequently comes posthumously--or the work 1~ detect contrad~cUons in statements no matter how d~ may n~et be removed from hbra~ shelves al all and thus tent in space or time the ~nttad~ctory statements were pr~ lost . duced The Intellectual sca~mg of l~s has a principled quahty, that ts. I~s search for whatever is relevant and per- I~Ps tend not lo be wrllers or to 8o rote sales work They truest to the issue at hand Consequently. l~s can concen- ate however, often ex~llenl leache~, particularly for a~ irate better than any other type vanced students although l~Ps do not always enjoy much ~pularity. for they cnn be hard tas~astets. ~ey a~ not Authority derived from off,ce, position or w~de acceptance good nt clerical tasks and ate ~mpallent with routine details does not impress i~s Only statements that are Iogmal and They prefer Io work qumlly w~lhout inlerruptlon, and often coherent carry weight External authority per se is irrelevant alone If an orgnnl~tlon is ~o use the talents of an I~P a~ l~s abhor t~dnncy and incoherence Possessing a desire proprmlely, the 1~ must bo given an efflcmnl support staff to understand the universe an 1~ Is constantly looking lot who can caplure Ideas as they emerge and before the natural law Curiosity concerning these keys to the universe is loses interest and turns to another Idea a dr~ving [orca In this type l~Ps take their mating relationship seriously and usually INTPs prize mtelligence In themselves and In others, but can are faithful and devoted--al~it pr~pl~ nt Ilmc~ ~ey become intellectual ddetantes as a result of their need to are not likely to welcome constant social acllvlty or d~sotgani- amass ideas, principles, or understanding of behavior And ~tion In the home In all ptobabd~ty, the mate o[ an 1~ will once ~ey know somet~ng. It is remembered INTPs can be- m~tlate and manage the social life. If lefl Io ~ or her own come obsessed with analysis Once caught up In a thought pr~ de~c~, the ~¥e male will retreat into Ihe world cass. that ~ought process seems to have a will of I~ own for a~ emerge only when physl~l ne~ ~me imperative l~Ps. and they persevere until the Issue la comprehended in l~Ps ate. however, willing, compliant, and easy to live wllh. all its complexity They can be intellectual snobs and may although somewhat forgetful of ap~intments, anniversaries show impatience at t~mes with others less endowed lntellec- and Ihe rituals of daily Ilvm8--unless reminded ~ey may have ddfmulty expressing thmr emotions verbally end the tB8 Pleale Unde~'sla~d Me Append~ ISa mete o~ an 1~ may ~lteve Ih~t he/she is eomewh~l t~ken o~ lh~t duly, even when Ih~ reqmre~ considerable lot ErBnted A~ ~ p~ent, the 1~ Je devoted they enjoy chil- on their p~l They rrequently ri~e Io po~lllons oE ~e~ponsJbllily dren. end e~e sermus ~boul Ihei~ upb~m~in~ ~e home o~ Bn m their job~. In the co~umly, e~d I~ their reliBmus l~run endP~rentorderedl~ usually calm, Iow-key In discipline but well lions They very oE~en belon~ to ~eve~el civic elub~ ~nd ~u~ po~l them both IhrauBh ~te~dy attendance ~nd lhrouBh spoken elllludes ESTJs themselves ere punctual ~nd expect ~ deal with the environmenl primarily through Intu~lion. olhe~s Io be ~1~o ~nd their ~lron~e~t quality, Ihs thi~mB ~unctlon rem~ms relatively hidden excepl in close associations Therefore EST~s m~y hal always be ~e~pons~ve lo points o~ view ~nd em~ I~ ~re often m~unde~s~o~. ~een e~ d~Hicult to know ~nd lions oE others ~nd m~y have ~ ten~en~ ~o Jump lo conclu- seldom pe~ceived et Ihel~ true level o~ competency ~ey ere stuns too qmc~ly at times ~ey may not always ~ willin~ reclined to be shy except when with close frmnds, and thmr lo hsten patmntly to opposing vmws. they are especially vul- reserve is d~iicult to penetrate ~ey are very adaptable ~td nerable lo th~s lendency when in positions of authority They one of their principles Is violated ~en l~s are not adapt- may need to make special efforl Io remain open Io inpul from able at all; They may have d~fhc~ty in bein~ ~derstood by others who are dependent on them~their chddren, spouses. others because they tend to tht~ in a complicated fashion and employees and want to be precise, never red.dent in their co~unica. t~ons Because their feehni qualities may be underdeveloped. ESTJs are so m luna wilh the eslabhshed time-honored mst~- they may be insensitive to the wants and wishe~ of others, tutmns and ways of behawns within those institutions that ofte~ quite unaware of the existence of these wants and wishes they cannot understand those who m~ght w~sh to abandon or radically chanse those institutions They ~ollow roulines well Po~rQi~ of ~n EST J: at home and at work. lendmi to have a place ~or everythinl and wantin$ everythml in its place They are usually neat and EST]s are very much m touch with the external environment orderly al work and al play ~ey know their community end usually are pdlars of strenith ~e best adlective to describe E~s would be res~ns~ble ~ey approach human relations throuih Iraditions and riluals. ~ey represent about 13 percent of the ~enerai population promolm~ harmony and conlentmenl in their relationships [hrou~h creatm~ well-worke~ut roullnes a~ procedures ESTJs are oulslandml at or~amzmi orderly procedures and m Famdy tradilions hero meanins for E~s. and Ihoy wiilinBly detallin~ rules and re$ulalions They hke ia see thinis done partldpale In observin~ these ~ey enjoy opportunities to see correctly They tend to be impatient with those who do not [fiends. former ~llealues. and relatives at Eunctions such as carry out procedures with sufficient attention to those delads, reUremenl dinners 8nnua~ picnics~ ~ants~ivin~ ~alherin~s prescribed by Ihose w~th the most experience that w~ll ~et and weddings ESTIs are relatively easy to $et to tnow. they the job done right do hal tend lo confuse people ~ sendln$ double messases They are dependab]e and consislenl and whal they seem to be EST]s are comforlable In evaluatin$ olhers and tend to judge ~s what they are how a person is doral m terms of standard operatml pr~ cedures They may. at times, be abrupt with Ihose who do not Po~raJ~ of Qn follow the rules correctly E~s are realistic, matter~[-~act. [~Js are charac[erized by decisiveness in practical affairs. and more curmus a~ut new devices and processes than about are the guardians of tire.honored institutions, and. If o~y one new principles and theories adjective could be select~, dependable would ~sl describe this t~e which represenls s~ut 6 ~rcenl of the ~ral ~'s $enerally are loyal to their ~titutions. work. and com- population ~e word of l~s is their ~nd. and Ihey ex,ri. m~ty and make excellent. ;al~fd mates and parents ~ey ence Ireal uneasiness ~ thouihts of a ba~rupt nation, state see where their duty lies and are not likely to shirk the doinl lnsl~tulion, or family. Please Understand ~le Appendix tgi Whether at home or st work this type is rather quiet and children are not shirked The male ISTJ's concept of mascu- serious ISTJs are extraordmardy persevering and depend- hefty Is patriarchal and both female and male ISTJs make able The thought of dishonoring a contract would appall a steady, dependable partners The female ISTJ fi)ay abandon .h c, nc, rPers°n-tgT]~°f thiScantyPebeWhencountedtheYonatveto~con~ivotheir wordthotheyiosourcosaive thetrof iensunlitythe frivolous for the saesibl,e and, may~ not nlw a~ys deepen her the institution they serve and bring to their work a practical point of view They perform their duties without flourish or As parents. ISTJs are consistent in handling children, and tho fanfare, therefore the dedication they bring to their work can rules of the family are made clear A rebellious, nonconform- go unnoticed and unappreciated lng child may have a ddhcult time. however, with an ISTJ I parent--and vice versa As a child, the IST] is apt to be ubs* ISTJ's interest in thoroughness, details, lustlce, practical pro- dlent and a source of plessure to parents and teachers ceduros and smooth flow of personnel and materiel leads this type to occupations where these preferences are useful For Although ISTJs are outstandml/iy practical and sensible, they example ISTJs make excellent bank examiners, auditors ac- can marry people who are thoroughly irresponsible, with the countents, or tax examiners Investments in securities are marriage developing into a relationship more parent-ts.child hkely to interest this type particularly investments in blue- than adult*to-adult The IST] fluctuates from being rescuer chip securities ISTJs are not likely to take chances either to reformer of the wayward mate The marriage then becomes with their own or others' money a lifelong game On one side. there is Irresponsibility. Promise of Reform. Brief Period of Reform, and Irresponsibility again ISTJs can handle dd[tcult detaded figures and make sense on the lSTJ's part the cycle is Disapproval Rescue Scolding of them They commumcate a message of reliability end sis- Forgiveness Acceptance of Promise To Do Better. and on and bthty which often makes them excellent supervisors of for on This pattern often is seen when an ISTJ martins en elco- example a ward tn a hospital e library or a business opera- hohc end enters e life of csretakm$ punctuated by periods of lion They would be capable of handling the duties ola morh anger and rejection Somehow. although ISTJs can accept clan a legal secretary, or a law researcher High-school periodic fickleness and selfishness In sigmflcant others, they teachers of business, home economics physical education, do not sea this kind of behavior as acceptable In themselves, and the physical sciences are ISTJs as are top-ranking ofh- cars of the Women's Army Corps Often this type seem to have ISTJs have a distaste for and distrust of fanciness in speech. ice in their veins, for people fad to see an ISTJ's vulnerabihty dress, or home The ostentacious is abhored, and a neat. or- to criticism derly, and functional home and work environment is preferred Durability of furnishings are of primary concern, esthetics ISTJs ere patient with their work and with procedures within given slim consideration The clothes of an ISTJ tend to be an institution, although not always patient with the individual practical and durable rather than in the latest style or luxuri- goals of people in that institution ISTJs will see to it that re- ous "No nonsense*' in both food and clothes seems charac- sources ara delivered when and where they are supposed to teristic of this typo who tend not to be attracted by exotic be. materiel will be in the right place at the right time And foods, beverages, or places ISTJ/~ would prefer that this he the case with people, too The male ISTJ may enjoy stag, men-only parties end use a As a husband or wife. the IST! is a pillar of strength Just different sort of language when only man are present Tho as this type honors business contracts, so do they honor the yearly hunting or fishing trip as · male ritual is often a part marriage contract Loyal and faithful mates they take respon- of recreation for an ISTJ. Moro than the female, the ISTJ male mhilitloo to children and mate seriously, giving lifelong commit- is apt to be involved in community service organizations that meat ts-these Duty is a word the ISTJ understands The male transmit traditional values to the young, such as Boy .Scouting ISTI sees himself as the breadwinner of a family, although They understand and appreciate the contributions these ha can accept a working wife--as long as responsibilities to groups make in preserving tho national heritage Along with lO2 Please Understand Me Appencbx the Sis, the ISTJ takes particular delight in festive occasions ly to be aware of and enjoy discussing events and problems held in the context of rituals, for example, weddings, holiday in the lives of their colleagues, but wherl conversations turn feasts and birthdays At work, the leT] is apt to see the hah- to abstractions of philosophy or science the ESF] may become day office party aa a necessary nuisance and would be likely restive Analysis of the complex--for example, an attempt to to participate and enloy these evenls find en explanation of events through an analysis of principles --does not excite their interest, as it does the NTs*, Portrait of an ESFJ: ESFJ mates have a set of values which contain clear shouJds ESFJs the most sociable of all types are energized by inter- and should-nots, and they expect their family to abide by these actions with people, tending to idealize whatever or whoever They are conscientious about home responsibilities, are or. they'admire Harmony is a key to this type which is repre- derly about the home, and prefer that other occupants be the sentsd in about 13 percent of the general population same They enjoy socializing and entertainin8 ESFJe want family decisions settled efficiently and quickly and want family F-SIlls are the 8rear nurturers al established institutions such living routinized, scheduled, and correctly executed They do as the home, the school, the church and civic groups Whet not rebel against routine operations, are devoted to the tra- ever they go, they promote harmony and harmonious relation dlhooal values of home and hearth, respect their marriage ships They are outstanding hosts or hostesses, able to call vows, and are Ibe most sympathetic al ali types They tend to people by name, usually alter one introduction At a social be dependent on their mates and may marry Io insure that gathering they can be observed attending to the needs of they have a proper place in the social slrala They enloythe others, trying to insure that all are comfortable and involved rituals cormecled with serving al goixl food and beverages. Social ties mellur to the Ebl'js and their conversahons allen thrive on festive occasions, respect and accumulate a goodly drift Io nostalgl( recounlmg of pflsl memories Traditions are store of malarial possessions They take Ihelr role in the cam- developed supported, and carefully observed by the ESF] musty seriously and are sensitive lo tim acknowledged, offi- cial decision*makers end identify with them They are aware ESFJs are hurt by indifference and need lo be appreciated of status, and often depend on higher authority as the source both [or themselves and for the abundance, typically in the of opinions and attitudes form of services, they give Io others They ere conscious of appearances and take the opinions of others regarding social ESFJs wear their hearts on their sleeves and are outgoing in standards very seriously Values in an ESF] may take the form their emotional reactions They need to be needed, loved, end al shoq2/ds and should nots and may be freely expressed Con- appreciated and may spend much energy reassuring them. scienhous and orderly, ESFJs may become restless when isa* selves that this is the case They can become melancholy and lated lrom people depressed and even suicidal if they take the blame for what* ever might be wrong in their institution or their personal reis- Career selection by ESF]s may lean toward service occupa* tionships~as they ara prone to do tions They have such outgoing personalities that they are outstanding at selhng, being an invariable winner in sales con- ESFIs usually respect and revere tbeir parents, and as children tests They are apt to have seniority in any sales group within were responsive and obedient pupils They seem able to ex- an organization Observation of ESF]s at work in a sales trees* press the right feeling for · given situation. They are soft. action will demonstrate how this type personalizes the sale hearted, sentimental, and usually observe with gusto end a The customer is not buying the product, he or she IS buying flourish birthdays, anniversaries, and the like, makin~ of tho personally from the ESFI This same characteristic causes event a delightful, important occasion At tho same Use, how* F.,SFJ9 to be good in teaching, preaching, supervision, admlnis- ever, ESFJa can cause others undue tension by expressing an* tratlon, coaching, and, in general, people*to*people Jobs They ticipatlons of gloom and doom, exhibiting a bent toward the seldom become a source of irritation to their superiors, lot pessimistic that can be contagious They need to control their they respect end obey the rules and regulations, are duty- and fears that the worst is sure to happen and suppress their ten- service*orlenled They are loyal to their bosses ESFJs ara like* dency toward crepe*banging and anticipating disasters IS4 Pie;se Underslond Me Appendix The children of an ESFI are seen as ali extension of the show due respect' ISFIs have an extraordinary sense of family, and all they do reflects on the ESI-] i[ things do not responsibility and an outstanding talent for executing routines go well, the ESFJ may be crmcal, even ~arplng toward h~s which call ~or repeated, sequential procedures. ~or example. or her mate and chddren This type may marry alcoholics or ISF]s make extrao~lnary secretaries, M~hly efficient .... ~;~ ..... y~ a ~ ~rj ,= ~r~ed a~ d~cated teache~ S~and theo~ do not Intrl~ to a mete who is not a ~ p~v~r, sh~ can become nas- IS~s. who would rather leave the I~ practi~l rotters to ~Jn~ and brood over a ~mparison of her p~essions and o~e~ w~e ~ ~em~ves pracfl~l and d~t~ status ~th that of othe~ ESFJs. mia or female, live in ter~ of people and things ra~er than in te~s of ideas and pr~ ISPJs tend to be d~ot~ 8nd loyal to a ~n 8nd tend to Ide~ mples ~ey enjoy the process of decisio~makinL particularly h[y personally rather thn institutionally ~y expect othe~. when focus is on the usefulness of thln~s and people m~udJng ~o ~ss. to foUow p~ures a~ a~ ~str~ed and embarrass~ when ~ople do not ~have as t~y PoflroJJ of on ISFJ: ~sed to ~hve IS~s often seem to r~! pessary r~ sable for seeing to it that people ~ an institution or bus~s carry out establish~ r~es and ~utines ~ey often a~ aware Six out o[ every one hundred people are ISFJs Here the pti- of status given ~ tifl~ en~nmenL offices, a~ the like and mary desire Is to bo of se~ice and to minister to indevidual can uso t~s to aduntaso ~ey are awa~ of ~e value needs IS~s carry a sense of history. 8 sense o; ~ntinuity terhl res~rces and abhor the s~andefln8 or mls~ of these with past even~ end relationships Traditions and the Co~er- F~OUF~S To save. to put something aside asahi en unpr~ vation o[ resources are valued h~ghly The I~ast hedomstsc o[ d~ctable future, to prepare for emersen~es~these 8~ impoF- all types ISFJs behave work ~s seed. phty must be earned tent actions ISFJs ere wdllng to work long long hours When they under- lake a tus~. et wdl bo completed ,f ut uti humanly passible Adhering lo an established way of dom~ things und dmn~ ISFJs m~y expormnco some discomfort when placed In peel- them w~ll is valued find respected lbo (dh~ mncy ,,d offoc- lions of flulhorlty over olhers and may tend to t~ to do avery- hveness of en eslflbhshod procedure ~s m*l often questioned Ihlng themselves rather than insist that others do their Jobs Procedures dtctaled by handbooks are law If other~ vml~te o~ As a result. ISFJs are frequently overworked usnore these standard operating procedure% ISFJs sr~ ammyed and Jrrttated allhough they may not 81w~y% d~splay tht~ teac ISFJs are devot~ to mate and [amdy and usually are excel- lion Usually, such irritatmn is turned mw,ltd and may bo ex lent homemakers The home of an ISFJ Is likely to be well kept permnced as fatigue and muscle tensmn inside and out Intermr and exterior are met~lo~ly main- taln~ and appolnt~ In the traditlo~l maker As a parent, ISF]s are supe~ependable and seldom are happy working ~n the ISFJ expects the children to conform to the rules of s~lety sfluations where rules are constantly chflngtn~ Their major and has a feehng of personal respons~bdfly to see to it thai need to be of service to others leads them rote occupatmns these rules are honored An ISFJ is apt to find the putting on such as nursing teaching, secretarial work medical practice of airs as offensive and tends to prefer m~est, quiet friends [especially ~enerai practical, librarmn work, and middle- rather than more boisterous ones For the IS~, p~ple sho~d management admlmst~at]ve jobs They relate well to people behave according to their ~sfl~on in hie. and the IS~ may be who need them. for example, the rock. the Ignorant, students, a~oyed by others who act edher a~ve or below thmr social and the 'boss" Much satisfaction comes to them when they or economm station are taking care of the needs of another and they render the service ~ently end helpfully When the recipient is no longer The ISFJ female often displays 8 flair for making the interior m need. the relationship may change its character, tho ISFJ of the home attractive in a tire,honored style, provides attra~ becoming disinterested ~ey enjoy assisting the downtrodden live. nourishing meals, and malntolns the environment In a and can handle better than other types servility in others If neat and orderly state To the ISFJ male and female, the home fl situation calla for such behavior on their part they will Iorrltory is important to own and to preserve Pteese Understand Me Appendix While ISFls are super-dependable, they may be fascinated by gained to the ends they have in mind--apparently with nerves and attracted to the irresponsible, the lush, the glutton Many of steel, engaging in what seems to others to be suicidal brinka- ISFJs marry alcoholics and then proceed to conduct a rescue- manship Other types may find this exhausting, but F, STPs are rejectmn game without end, with the rescuing phase taking the exhdaraled by working close to the edge of disaster ESTPs guise of an attempt to reform Occasionally an ISFJ mother are ruthless pragmatists and often offer the ends as Justiflce* may reveal a tendency to find humor in the ' waywardness' ties for whatever means they see es necessary--regrettable. of e son while raisinS her daughters to respect traditions and to do the Right Thing at the Right Time--always perhaps, but necessary Usually. however, l~$*l-l's do not care ~ to Justify actions, but prefer instead to get on to the next ISFJs are frequently misunderstood and undervalued Their action contributions often ere taken for granted, end the ISFJ e9 well ESTPs are outstanding as initiators of enterprises that bring is too often taken for granted This can cause an ISFJ to har- people together to negotiate They make invaluable itinerant bor feelings of resentment and this bottled up emotion can administrators who can pull troubled companies or lnstitu. gnaw inwardly causing the ISFJ much undeserved suffering lions out of the red very quickly, and with stylel They can sell an ides or project in a way no other typ*, con but won*t fei- Portrait of art ESTP: Iow through on the tedious administrative details of a project This characteristic often causes ESTPs to be unappreciated ESTPs ore men end women of action When s~)meone of this for the exlraordfnery talents they have. for people lose sight of the Idea contrlbuled end focus na the details left undone. personality is present th*ngs begin lo happen I ho hghls come becoming crllicol of ESTPs' weaknesses rather than appre. on Ihs music plays, the game begins ^nd s gums It is for the ESTP the oulstandmg enlrepreneur, Ihe iniornahonal dlplo- cieting their strength Few enterprises which are institutional. mai the conciliator and the neguhstor par ('xceJience Ap- ly based use ESTPs as they should be used When they slrike proximately 13 percent of the general population are of this their unwillingness to bother with follow-up deleils may cause extraverted sensing, thinking perceiving type end if only one out on their own. however. Ihey do not always succeed, for sdlechve could be used to describe ESTPs resource.fu/would an otherwise excellent project to fail ES'ITs need to be sure be an apt choice they have someone who will take care of follow-up if at all possible Life is never dull around ES'ITs Their attractive friendly If the promotional, entrepreneural capabililms of F. Srps are style has u theatrical flourish which makes even the moat routine, mundane event seem exciting ESTPs usually know the used to constructive ends. an institution la fortunate for their presence If their desire for excitement Is not met conslructiv~. location of the best restaurants, and headwa,ters are likely ly. however, these energies may be channeled into destructive. to call them by name ES'ITs are socially sophisticated, suave, antisocial achvUins such as those of the ConFidence rackets-- and urbane and are master manipulators of the external environmenl counterfeiting, bad-check artistry, safe*cracking, and swm- cUing A movie of the early 19?O's which caught this use of ESTPs are uncanny at observing people s motivations, some- the ESTP's talents wes The Sling how hypersensitive to minimal nonverbal cues which other types might miss And they are masters at using these obset. ESTPs live in the immodmte moment end as mates lend extols. ment--and unptedmtebcuty--to the relationship The ES'IP vatlons to 'soil" the "client" The eye of tho I~STP la ever on mate is usually extremely attentive in public and smooth in the eye of the beholder, and oil actions are dlrecled toward social rilnals They carry on emnsing repartee, and laughter this audience. Witty. clever, and fun. ESIPs **eem to possess surrounds them as they recount from their endless supply of an unusual amount of empathy, when in fact this is not the clover Jokes and stories Charm radiates from ESTPs Nothing case. rather, they are so acutely aware of reinimel signals Is leo good for their friends, although family responsibilities from others that they are usually several jump~ ahead in anti. mpatinn of another*s position And ESl*Ps can use information may, et limes, be given second priority The ESTP's male may in time como to feel like an object--the female 8 chattel and the lgS Please Understand ~e Appendix male a negotiable commodity Deep commitments do not always ESF?s make exciting, if somewhat unpredictable mates, which occur in the lives of ES'FPs. although they are always popular may give quieter ty~e metes some anxiety end tenSion from and know many. many people by name Relationships usually living on tho edge of adventure Tho home of un ~FP is likely are conditional and the condition is the consideration of what to be filled with people all having a good time Problems will the P.,S'l~'has is 8ainlrom the relationship Anything gained, not be allowed 1~ make their appearance The EgFP ~ccom. however, is shared freely and generously with the mate Tho phshes this by taking an attitude o! "walking by the grave- unexpected gift, the impulsive trip to Paris, the extravagant yard whistling" refusing to recognize doom and gloom, surprise at Christmas--all these an ESTP brings to a mate Fun excitement, laughter, and that element of unpredictability ESFPs can be generous to a fault What Is theirs is yours, and ere characteristic of their relationship The £$Tl*'s have a Iow what is yours is yours still They give assistance to one and all tolerance for anxiety and ars apt to avoid or leave situations without expectation of a return, Just as they love freely with- that are consistently filled with interpersonal tensions ESTPs out expecting something in return ESFPs seem to view life as are usually somewhat of e mystery to their mates and to an eternal cornucopia from which flows on endless supply of others Few people comprehend this unique personality ESTPs pleasures that require no effort on their part to insure themselves understand well the maxim. ' He who travels fast- est. travels alone" Still. ESI'Ps are not likely to be lonely for ESFP9' talent for enjoying life can make them more subject to long ESTPs meet life with n hearty appetite for the good things temptations than are other types They are incflnod to he ira- of the world, searching out excitement, perhaps as a warrior, pulmve, end thus both male and female ESFPs are vulnerable an athlete an adventurer, or as a professional gambler, but to psychological seduction, if not physical seduction, with an always seeking the thrill of courting Lady Luck in one fashion ESFP givini in easily and agreeably to the demands of others or another A theme of seeking excitement through taking of As a parent, the ESPP will be entertaining, a friend, and a risks runs through the lives of ESTPs source of fun end excitement When there is sickness, or trou* hie however. ESFPs may become impatient and may want to absent themselves Portrait of an EgFP: ESFPs' tolersnca for unxiely is the lowest of ell the lypes ESFPs radiate attractive warmth and optimism Smooth. witty. Anxiety is avoided by ignoring the dark side of a situation es charming, clever, voluble, end open to the environment--this long es possible They are inclined to be somewhat self*lndul* describes ESFPs who. like ESTPs. represent about 13 percent gent. but. rather than make an outward show of resistance or of the general population They are greet fun to be with end make waves. ESFPs will give apparenl compliance--and then ere the most generous of all the types Perlormer would bo go their own way to what they enjoy the word which best describes an ESFP ESFPs prefer active Jobs and should not he given lonely, soli- ESFPs will avoid being alone and seek the company of others tary assignments Outstanding in public relationS, they love whenever possible ESFPs easily find company, for others are working with people Decisions are made with personal usually highly entertained by the presence of an ESFP ESFPs warmth, based on personal reference or reference lo ei~nlfl- love excitement and create it wherever they are Their joy of cant others This type relies heavily on their personal expert- living is contagious and generally they wear happy faces encee and generally show good commonsense Often outstanding conversationalists, their flowing banter is amusing in its wit ESFPs have an air of sophistication and The gregarious sociability and adaptability of ESFPs make are likely to he dressed in the latest fashion, displaying an them a source of warmth to others They do~nei mind tale* enjoyment of all the good things of life. dress, food. physical phone or personal interruptions and are verbally facile in comfort, and happy times ESI:Ps create a mood of "eat. drinl~, both situations They can be counted on to have accurate data end be merry ' wherever they go. and around them life can about the people around them. gaining these data through have a continual party-like atmosphere of gaiety effortless and continuous observations 200 Ptease Under,land Me App~ndiz ESFPs are not deeply interested in scholastic pursu,ts, want- use Many pilots knew by the age of five that they were going to lng knowledge only for immediate utJhty They avmd science bo pilots l$'rPs tend to take up activities that allow them to nso and engineering, gravitate toward business, and are adept at tools driving, steering, operating And if a given tool, whether selling, particularly soiling tangibles They can be effective in scalpel or nsrthmover, is operated with a precision that defies education, especially elementary school teaching and can belief, that operator is likely an ISTP Others use tools, of enjoy nursing for its drama They are 8sod at working with Course. but not with tho virtuosity of the ISTP Indeed, we must people in crisis, a facility which often leads ESI:Ps into social call ISTP*s the tool artisans, for they above all others command work They also enjoy entertaining people and are thus drawn the tool and bend It to their impulse Dui again, lSTPempersonlo to tho performing arts, thrtvlng on the excitement of being in fled in Mlchaelangelo and Leonardo~work (or better, play) the limelight with their tools on personal impulse and not on schedule Ir an externally imposed schedule coincides with impulse, fine, if not. so much tho worse for the schedule Portral! of an IgTP: One tool especially attractive to the ISTP is the weapon Should ISTPs turn sgninst society (for whatever reason], they wield Just as impulsive as other SPs. the ISTP's life is artful action~ their weapons with lethal genius to support their rejection The and action Is end in itself Action for the ISTP is more gratifying hit man or today, the gunslinger of the American West. and the if it is born or impulse rather than of purpose If the action as in duelist of 18th Century Europe. may be seen aa virtuosos or pre- the service of an end or aim, let the aim look out for itself it cision homicide Hit man. gunslinger, and duelist ehl~ took cannot be allowed to influence execution The act is self- pride in their prowess Fortunately they face their own kind in directed, self-leading, containing its own imperatives which battle, the 8sod warriors of tho land soldier, marshal, police, cannot be suborned to mere rules, regulations, or laws ISTPs intelliienoe agent This is not to say that all warriors, good or are egalitarian and can be fiercely loyal to ' brothers**' but bad, are l$1*l'e, or that ISTPs are all weapons experts, rather they can also be fiercely insubordinate, seeing hierarchy and that the weapon virtuoso is more freqoenfly ISTP than not authority as unnecessary and even superfluous It is not so much a matter or gain8 against regulaUons as it Is simply ISTPs also play on impulse, taking off at any time Just because ignoring them The Ib-i~l* must do his cr her thing, free to vary they "feel like it" [We are advised not to t each next move And ISTPs are. or want to be. proud or their w .... try o stop the ability to make the next move skillfully ho feels like doing someth!~s ] The noorosurgnon does crop dusttn.* on the side and rldns a motorcycle to the airport. the finanCier goes on a hunting trip in tho middle of an audit ISTPs are often fearless, risking themselves more than other [i e, SI scrntinyJ. There can bo no end to the ways ISTPs 8cok types, despite [even frequent) injury Of ali the types, ISTPs are thrill8 in play. Although they may have tho eppenranoe of most likely to pit themselves, or their technique, against chance, odds, or fate They thrive on excitement; they crave loners In their work. they nonetheless hang around their own kind in play The clhnbors, racers, flyers, htmters, and in some excitement each day, in the form of rest motion--racing, general, movers, flock together, The companionship is modJ* sky diving or 8urging, rcr instance This hunger for action ated through the tool, and conversation is sparse and terse makes them more subject to boredom than any other typo, their urge driving them to faster pace Strangely. however, they are Like tho ISFP8. ISTPs communicate 'thrsugh action, and show not bored while doing their thing, even though there may be little interest in doveloping verbal skills Indeed. this lack of long stretches when nothing happens, as during travel, surfing hunting, or fishing interest in communlcatinn may be mistaken for w...h_at well meaning but misguided medics and educators call learning disability*' or "dyslexia," both preposterous notions when The ISTP nature is most easily seen in their mastery of tools meant as explanations. Let i$l'i*s gat near a tool of any com. tools of any kind. from microscopic drill to supersonic Jet From plexity and power and see how fast they pass up everybody In an early age, they ara drawn to tools as to a magnet, they must learning to usa It and how preCise their lextcen in talking of manipulate them, and tools fall into their hands demanding features 20:l PJeose Understond Me AppendJx 203 Despite their egalitarianism, insubordination, and love of free- this clear to their would-be instructors What is there to do. dom. they can be leaders, even great ones But they must be now, that Is worthwhde? IS~j'¥ will not sit still (literally} for the "up front," sword in hand, leading the charge That is to say. trivial fare dished out (sanctimoniously, in the ayes of the ISTPs can be very successful as battle leaders, for instance, no ISTP] Most seem to agree that ISTPa "should" do their school matter how large or small the force under their command work B..ut .v~. y? The a~sument~ are ;tddlln~ eno~tncobsrent. Th§ir supreme ~ea~liSht. timing, and~ense of expediency allows warranting ~e scorn they get from the unshakable ISj't~ lS-rt's them to seize the moment and fully exploit whatever resources are not "minimally brain damaged:' or "hyperactive:' or con bo gotten (theirs or others] and capitalize on deficits and "dyslexic". they ore active, and they are stubbornly insistent mistakes of their opponent Theirs is an expediency or exploits- upon getting to do. in school, some things that allow them to test tive leadership, based on a special kind of intelligence which their intelligence and their mettle Name-calling and pill. may be called artistic concreteness Yes, for the ISTP battle pnshfn8 won't change them, other than destroying their self leader, combat is an art, an intellectual game, not in the sense confidence and perhaps creating a stimulant addict now and of strategy (that is for NTs], but rather using whatever is at then Give them a tool.centered curriculum and watch their hand to defeat the other with the least injury Battle leaders speed are duelists Patton was such a leader, and we must credit Marshall (an NT] strategist} for seeing beneath that flamboy* Behaviorally tho 1STP is more like the ESTP than any other ant. impulsive, insubordinate, and reckless exterior a peerless type, and the older they get, tho greater the'resemblance. warrior The same credit 8ons to Grant (another NTJ} for select- When young. ISTPs may look very much like ISFPs, but as their lng Sheridan (STP}, and to Hitler [ENFI] for selecting Rommel confidence and pride incruaes this resemblance recedes (ISTP) Patton, Sheridan, and Rommel were cut from the same ]unidans think ISTPa are lust like INTPs with only minor differ* cloth and showed the same artistic esplooege and rapmr-hl~e encee, but this is based on the definition of l$-l'l-'s aa °'intro- tactics verted thinking types,'' INTPs are logicians, philologists, and architects in the way they think, but ISTPs are completely dis. Glory is a pre-20th Century concept better understood by the interested in these pursuits Even a cursory observation of a ISTP than by others Or at least the ISTP is more interested in it few clear-cut lb-i'¥s will show how striking the contrast, and than most others In battle there is glory, for it is in battle that how trivial the resemblance one can exercise one's lethal skills with positive sanction Tho Sevoo Samurai were glorified and so have been duelists down Still, the most important thing about the ISTPs is their corn* through tho ages Foss, Boyington, Fonck. and yon Richtoffen. munality with the other SPa We might think that there would all virtuosos of tho winged machine gun are still glorified be some resemblance to the IST~. having as they do, "IST" in heroes But there ara hundreds of warriors Just like them in common But no, their behavior is antithetical in almost every nature One can test one's mettle in lethal duel, there's glory in dimension of comparison One is pessimistic while the other it, as the film The Greet Woldo Pepper showed most poetically optimistic, one is parental, the other, fraternal, one saves, the other spends, one believes in rules, the other ia instlnctually Tho education and intelligence of the ISTP is worth special insubordinate and recalcitrant to rules, and so on ISTPs have comment Possessed of artisan intelligence, ISTP is not in the infinitely more in common with the very different ESFP than least interested in the clerical, interpretive, and "science" they do with any NT or SJ. besides tho above, their mood is one curricula that abound in the 20th Century school The other of good cheer, they are loyal to their equals, they want no SPa. equally bored by the school, will at least act as if they're obligations, duties, or confining promises, are uncomplicated in trying to learn, but not ISTP ISTP will stare coldly Into the eyes their desires and are trusting, receptive, and generous of the teacher and not even say no. No amount of cajoling, brib- ins, r~warding, punishing, or threat will get them to do their school work School work, quite apart from being irrelevant to Porlrall of an ISFP: tho talents of SPs, is, after all. mere preparation for something the ISTPs fisuru they're never going to do anyway. $Ps do not Although all SPs (Sensuous Performers} are artisans in their wish to prepare--for anythingwand ISTPs are careful to make nature, they usually do not pursue their artlety with the same 204 Please Underllond Me Appendix devotion to grace and adornment as the ISFP For whatever runt goal. there is ,o question of the ISPP noticing fatigue, pain. reason, tho ISPP seems more inclined to tho "fine arts" than or danger They ore usually quite oblivious to these accompnnl* the other SPa. so when an especially gifted composer, painter, meats of many of their favorite activities It is not that lSPPs or dancer shows up. he or she. more frequently than not. pos- are inured to them tis much as it Is that. wholly engaged by an sasses the character of the ISFP Beethoven, Toscanini Rem- action, they simply do not notice them In this ISFP is similar to brandt, and Nijinski. as shown by typohlstorical research, other SPa and different from all other types were clear*cut ISl Ps But the ISFP temperament is very diffi- cult to observe, even in the great artists, and so 1SFP is prob- ISFP. like other SPa. has e special kind of intelligence Please ably the most misunderstood of all the types recall that intelligence is defined in this book as doing things well under varying circumstances This particular category of A major source of misunderstand.nB is tho tendency of ISFPs intelligence might be celled "artisan concretization'* Such not to express themselves directly, but throngh action If they talent differs radically from that possessed by NFs. NTs. and find a medium of expression, some art form. then the character Sis (granting. of course, that they too have their own unique is expressed in .~omo degree via the medium If not. it simply and inherent abilities) This artisan concretization somehow doesn*t como out and no one knows them. this social reticence keeps the ISFP more closely in touch with tho vary real While making the char,cter all but Invisible Of course, in those rare the ISTP is attuned to tho tool. es to speak, the ISPP is attuned cases where remarkable skill is achieved, such as in the vtr- to color, line. texture, shadingmtouch, motion, geeing, and ruses. ISFPs bect~me celebrites, but their nature is still for from hearing in harmony The senses of the ISFP seem more keenly visible Harps l~larx, a brllhant comodic actor, may well be tuned than those of others Rembrandt could almost taste seen as prototype, in his simultaneous celebrity and mute colors so great was his discrimination. Toscanini could hear a invisibility single false note in the most complex operatic-orchestral score. and Hemin~way'e words tasted end smelled and felt the waves. On close observation, these relatively infrequent SPa {5 This extreme concreteness and specificity oeonm to coma percent of tho p,pulation is ISFP. os compared to 15 percent rurally to the ISFP and is embedded *'in the warp and woof of ESFP) are just e*~ hedonic and impulsive es the other SPa Here the men*s make" is no NF search for significance, nor for that matter any fas- cination with sctonca (NT] or commerce (SJ). ISFPs live Epi- The social side of the ISFP character must not bo eclipsed by curean lives in the here and now. and as gracefully as possible the moro spocincolgr performances some of this group are They do not plan end prepare Submergence in their artistry is capable of Tho ISFP has to bo the kindest of all the types with not preparation for something later, rather they experience no near competitors Tho kindness is unconditional Hero is intensely, now ISFPs do not wait. for to wait is to see their sympathy, of which we ere all capable, carried to its moSt impulse wither and die. they want and value their impulses and extreme form The ISFP 15 especially sepsltive to tho pain and see them as tho center of their lives Nor are ISFPs devoted or suffering of others and. like St Francis of-Aseisi. ?ith sympa- committed to artful play, rather they are caught, as by a mag* thetic impulsivJty givns freely to the sufferer not or a whirlwind So then the long hours of "practice" the virtuoso "gives" to artistry is not practice at oil and it is not ISFP is usually not interested in developing facility in speaking. given, it is dams and it is taken from the {willing) 1SFP by the wrlhns, or conversation Speech. after all. is abstract, not performance itself The act is ISFP's master, not the reverse, so concrete. ISFPs prefering to have their fingers on the pulse of we must abandon any notion of ISFPs os careful and devoted life That pulse must be felt--by touch, in tho muscles, in the planners and of dutiful preparation and rehearsal They paint, eyes. in the ears This insistence on tho senses being so closely or sing. or toot. or dance, or run. or skate, or pot. or whatever, attuned to rsehty can. in some ISFPs. occasion a breach with simply because it~ey must the mountain is climbed because it is language, and language becomes a barrier to smooth Interper* sonal relations So ISPPs are sometimes seen by others as there reserved and private, tending to siva up rather easily in their Because the ISFi' is always caught up. so to speak, in whatever attempts to express themselves verbally But this reluctant actions are underway, rather than practicing toward some dis* speech is not so much 8 lack of ability as it is disinterest 206 Please Understand ~s AppendL~ ~07 Hemingway broke that barrier, a splendid instance of an ISFP ISFPs are misunderstood not only because they are retiring, entering into tho world of words and making apparent lnarticu* reserved and even self-effacing, but because the Jungian8 lateness into art changing the face of 20th Century literature have cast them as "introverted feeling types*** and therefore very much like the lNFPs Watch a few thoroughgoing ISPPa The number of the stoat artisans who. upon investigation, were and you'll find they have ver~* little in c~rflmnn with ~ found clearly to have been ISFPs. is truly awesome The other Other types are reminded to guard against the natural ten- SPa seem to have contributed far fewer masters to the frae dency to project their own, traits of character onto the silent arts Gaugin and Puccini, both ESrPs, were in this sense ISFP exceptional Music and the dance seems almost the province of ISFP, and surely investigation will show many of the great athletes come from this group Of course, ail ISFPs have not been and need not be artisans in the narrow sense of the word Art, broadly conceived, is any action the next move of which is a free variable, and it is art thus conceived that is the forte of SPa in general and the ISFP in particular Thus 1SFPs have a lot of leeway in choice of occu* patton, especially if they don't drop out of school early (most SPa do since the school offers httle that is of interest to them or that challenses their special brand of intoibgence] It is a sad day indeed when tho ISFP chooses work wherein the operations are fixed by rule or necessity and not free To be happy and productive the ISFP must choose variable actions and be rewarded for doing them Finally, in many ISFPs may be found an Instinctive longing for the natural, the pastoral, the bucolic They are quite at home in the wilds, and nature seems to welcome them Some have a remarkable way with animals, even wild animals, almost as if there were a bond of mutual sympathy and trust In some instances a similar bond may bo seen between the ISFP and young children, instant and unstudmd Perhaps the most important thing to understand about ISFPs ts that they ara SPa, with much in common with ESPPa espemally, often resembling ISTPs and even sharing some traits with the seemingly very different ESTP To summarize this communality wzth other SPa, ]SFPs may be soon as optimistic and cheerful, egalltatlon, fraternal, and insubordinate, tending to ward off obligation, duty, confinement, and fetters, a lover of freedom, easily bored, wanting excitement, risk, chance, and tests of luck, uncomplicated in motivation, trusting, receptive, gen- erous, and In every sense of the word 8 spender rather than a Bayer