HomeMy WebLinkAboutJanuary 13, 2004 Agenda AGENDA
CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL
January 13, 2004
After determining that a quorum is presem, the City Council will convene in a Planning Session
of the City of Demon City Council on Tuesday, January 13, 2004 at 4:00 p.m. in the City
Council Work Session Room at City Hall, 215 E. McKinney, Denton, Texas at which the
following item will be considered:
NOTE: A Planning Work Session is used to explore matters of interest to one or more City
Council Members or the City Manager for the purpose of giving staff direction imo whether or
not such matters should be placed on a future regular or special meeting of the Council for
citizen input, City Council deliberation and formal City action. At a Planning Work Session, the
City Council generally receives informal and preliminary reports and information from City
staff, officials, members of City committees, and the individual or organization proposing
council action, if invited by City Council or City Manager to participate in the session.
Participation by individuals and members of organizations invited to speak ceases when the
Mayor announces the session is being closed to public input. Although Planning Work Sessions
are public meetings, and citizens have a legal right to attend, they are not public hearings, so
citizens are not allowed to participate in the session unless invited to do so by the Mayor. Any
citizen may supply to the City Council, prior to the beginning of the session, a written report
regarding the citizen's opinion on the matter being explored. Should the Council direct the
matter be placed on a regular meeting agenda, the staff will generally prepare a final report
defining the proposed action, which will be made available to all citizens prior to the regular
meeting at which citizen input is sought. The purpose of this procedure is to allow citizens
attending the regular meeting the opportunity to hear the views of their fellow citizens without
having to attend two meetings.
1. Receive outcome statements and hold a discussion regarding Downtown and the
Downtown Master Plan.
2. Receive a report and hold a discussion regarding Attractiveness/Community Aesthetics.
o
Suggestions for Agenda Committee on future agenda items and/or placement of items for
upcoming agendas.
CERTIFICATE
I certify that the above notice of meeting was posted on the bulletin board at the City Hall of the
City of Demon, Texas, on the day of ,2004 o'clock (a.m.)
(p.m.)
CITY SECRETARY
NOTE: THE CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL WORK SESSION ROOM IS ACCESSIBLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT. THE CITY WILL
PROVIDE SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED IF REQUESTED AT
LEAST 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE SCHEDULED MEETING. PLEASE CALL THE CITY
SECRETARY'S OFFICE AT 349-8309 OR USE TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES FOR THE DEAF
(TDD) BY CALLING 1-800-RELAY-TX SO THAT A SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETER CAN BE
SCHEDULED THROUGH THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE.
AGENDA INFORMATION SHEET
AGENDA DATE: January 13, 2004
DEPARTMENT:
ACM:
Parks and Recreation Department
Howard Martin, Assistant City Manager
SUBJECT
Receive a report, hold a discussion and give staff direction regarding Community Aesthetics.
BACKGROUND
As growth and development continue to be a dominant issue in the Denton area, the image the city
projects to citizens, tourists, and potential businesses will be critical to sustaining and attracting quality
development.
The perception first-time visitors or prospective investors have of Denton occurs along the 1-35
corridor and other major thoroughfares as they travel to major destinations in the area. Therefore, the
developmeN of quality urban design, including streetscape elemeNs, corridor improvemeNs, public
art, way-finding systems, and an overall attractive visual landscape are essential in influencing
Denton's future.
This white paper will outline basic elements that contribute to community aesthetics, identify existing
efforts in place related to improving and maiNaining the urban environmeN and ideNify poteNial
strategies to improve current efforts.
ESTIMATED PROJECT SCHEDULE
NA
PRIOR ACTION/REVIEW
The City Council adopted The Denton Plan 1999-2000: Comprehensive Plan of the City of Denton,
Texas on December 7, 1999. The DeNon DevelopmeN Code was adopted by City Council on
February 2, 2002 and wen iNo effect on February 20, 2002.
FISCAL INFORMATION
Improving the City's image promotes the retention of business and supports economic development in
the area generating new revenue sources. Some initiatives in this white paper would require
investment in capital development.
EXHIBITS
1. White Paper - Community Aesthetics
Prepared By:
Lancine Bentley,
KDB Program Area Manager
Respectfully submitted:
Janet Simpson, Director Parks and Recreation
City of Denton White Paper
Community Aesthetics
January 2004
Prepared By:
Lancine Bentley, Keep Denton Beautiful
Contributions By:
Nona Muncie, Planning Department
Joanie Housewright, Police Department
Vance Kemler, Solid Waste Department
Herbert Holl, Greater Denton Arts Council
Caleb Simpson, Parks And Recreation
Reprographics
The Denton City Council has scheduled a series of long range planning sessions intended to address high priority community
i~terests~ I~ preparatio~ for this work session, city staff prepared this white paper for Council a~d citize~ review~ This paper
overviews ideas to improve the appearance of the bu#t a~d ~atu~l enviro~meflt i~ De,toff,
COMMUNITY AESTHETICS
Introduction
Part I:
Beautification
A. The Denton Plan
B. Streetscape
1. Purpose and Benefits of Streetscapes
2. Elements of a Streetscape
3. Designating City Gateways
4. Visual Assessment of Streets
5. Fry Street Streetscape
6. Another City's Solution
C. Corridor Improvement Plan
1. Legal Nonconforming Uses
2. Corridor (Gateway) Overlay District
3. Characteristics of Overlay Districts
4. Purpose of Overlay Districts
5. Denton Overlay Districts
D. Interstate Highway 35E
1. Future Reconstruction
2. Right-of-Way Maintenance
3. TxDOT Maintenance Levels
4. Other Metroplex Cities' Solutions
E. Urban Trees
1. Environmental Benefits
2. Economic Benefits
3. Quantitative Benefits in Other Texas Cities
4. Tree Preservation
5. Denton's Draft Tree Preservation Ordinance
F. Public Art
1. Design Process
2. Integration of Public Art
3. The Denton Plan
G. Way Finding (Signage)
1. Downtown Master Plan
2. The Denton Plan
H. Dumpsters Issues
1. Dumpsters in the ROW
2. The Denton Plan
3. Dumpsters in New Developments
4. Dumpsters in Existing Developments
5. Other Cities' Solutions
6. Container Appearance/Condition
7. Graffiti
8. Fry Street Dumpsters
9. The Draft Solid Waste Code
I. Funding Tools
1. Federal Funding
2. State Funding
3. Green Ribbon Landscape Improvement Program
4. Construction Landscape Program
5. Governor's Community Achievement Award
6. Local Funding
7. Tax Increment Financing
8. Public Improvement Districts
9. Local Partnerships
J. Beautification Initiatives
Part I1: Litter A. Background
B. Causes
C. 'Raise the Bar' Survey Findings
D. Solutions
E. What Works
F. Litter Reduction Initiatives
Part II1: Code Enforcement
A. Legislation
1. Ordinances
2. Ordinances in Other Cities
B. Enforcement
1. Enforcement Designation
2. Nuisance Abatement Process
1. Other Cities
2. The Landscape Ordinance
3. Resources
C. Adjudication
1. City and Judicial Support
2. Environmental Courts
D. Enforcement Initiatives
Conclusion
Beautiful urban environments with distinctive
character and a strong sense of identity do not just
happen; they are envisioned, planned, and
realized.
The road to Denton realizing its full aesthetic and
economic potential involves implementation of
The Denton Plan, full enforcement of the
community's standards as determined in the Code
of Ordinances, master planned beautification
efforts, corridor designation and preservation, and
litter reduction strategies. This effort will require
a proactive approach from city leadership, inter-
departmental strategies and cooperation, creative
problem-solving, and innovative private and
public partnerships.
Demon's ability to foster an aesthetically pleasing
visual environment will enhance its ability to
attract new residents and business growth.
Following is an excerpt from an article titled
"When Attracting Businesses, First
Impressions Count" from the March 2002 issue
of Fiscal Notes, a publication of the Texas
Comptroller's Office. It contains the opinions of
experts statewide about the connection between
community appearance and economic
development.
Heather Richardson, Director of Corporate
Expansion and Recruitment with the Texas
Department of Economic Development, states that
there is a "strong link between a community's
focus on cleaning and beautifying its streets
and parks and its ability to lure new industry.
When choosing a site to expand or open a new
plant or operation, companies look at an entire
community, not just the potential building
site."
Bill Wellborn, President and CEO of the
Lufkin/Angelina County Economic Development
Partnership, states that "to make a home for
world-class companies you have to have a
world-class community. If you look at trying to
attract new business and industry, you need to
have a clean and neat community."
This paper will outline basic elements that
contribute to community aesthetics, identify
existing efforts in place related to improving and
maintaining the urban environment and identify
potential strategies to improve our current efforts.
PART I: BEAUTIFICATION
THE DENTON PLAN
The Denton Plan, adopted by the City Council in
1999, established policies, goals, and strategies
that promote a well-designed blend of natural and
created beauty, and development. Below is an
excerpt from the introduction to Chapter 4--
Urban Design.
"Urban design is a term used to define how a
community manages the physical and visual
character of its built environment. Urban design
has become an increasingly dominant issue in
Denton in response to growth in development and
construction activity. The design quality of the
built environment can have a profound effect on
the economic and social health of a city. The
quality of the surroundings where people work,
live and play affects Denton's image and
attractiveness to developers searching for high
quality business and residential locations. By
contrast, a poorly designed urban environment can
be a barrier to investment and economic
development. A high quality environment is a
fundamental requirement to attract long-term, high-
quality investment. The issue of urban design must
be addressed rigorously if Denton is to achieve the
quality of development that most citizens
desire .... Urban design should receive equal
consideration alongside concurrent objectives
related to environmental quality, social equity,
economic stability, and long-term
prosperity .... Denton seeks to maximize both public
and private benefits by improving visual quality
and perceptions of our image."
Many of the policies in The Denton Plan directly
address community appearance. Some of those
are:
·
The impact of public features such as
signage, electric lines, valve boxes, solid
waste receptacles, streets, curbs and
gutter, sidewalks, buildings, parking
lots, and parks should be recognized as
important factors in affecting
community appearance.
Concern for community appearance
should be addressed in a comprehensive
manner. Such an approach provides the
opportunity to integrate urban design
objectives with other planning
mechanisms, such as land use, zoning,
subdivision regulations, historic
preservation, economic development,
and environmental protection.
The value of trees and landscaping
should be recognized as important
features that strongly influence the
aesthetics and environmental quality of
the city. This recognition of value will
be reflected in all development
standards.
The Denton Development Code, adopted by the
City Council in 2002, comains the tools (codes) to
effectively implement The Denton Plan's
community vision. Enforcemem of the DeNon
Development Code is a critical piece in the
success of achieving its vision.
STREETSCAPE
The street is more than just a place to move people
and stow utilities. As the most intensively used
public space in the urban landscape, the street is
also a social space, a thread that can knit together
neighborhoods, institutions and businesses. Its
design and appearance should reflect its
importance, and the desired image of the
community.
Purpose and Benefits of Streetscapes
In general, streetscapes:
· improve the overall visual image of an
area,
· promote voluntary improvement of
adjacem properties,
· create a 'sense of place' and 'idemity,'
· designate and define community gateways,
and
· create transitional landscapes between
commercial, business and residemial areas.
See attachment A.
Elements of a Streetscape
Any street or sidewalk-related enhancement for
community idemity and can be termed a
streetscape project. Streetscape projects can
include improving the uniformity of street
surfaces, improving curb and guttering, and
installing streetlights, street trees, public art,
crosswalks, street furniture, bollards, trash
receptacles, bus stops,street signs, and landscape
plantings. On some streets, streetscape plans
include bike lanes and bike racks.
Non-uniform
bus stops
Designating City Gateways
At designated city gateways, streetscapes
should include signage that is significant in
design and stature. Entry points require strong
image definition through streetscape
improvemems to amplify the initial impact and
communicate a distinct 'sense of place.'
The Downtown Master Plan designates University
Drive, Oak Street, Hickory Street, Fort Worth
Drive, Dallas Drive, McKinney Street, and Locust
Street as "preferred routes to downtown." Some
of these same streets, particularly those that bring
visitors in from 1-35E, could potentially be
identified as Denton gateways.
Visual Assessment of Streets
A visual assessment of Denton's main corridors
will help to idemify both positive and negative
characteristics of existing streetscapes. Positive
visual elemems can include well-designed
buildings or architectural features, attractive
landscape treatments, significant views, and good
maintenance practices. Negative visual elements
can include legal nonconforming land uses,
unscreened business uses, lack of landscape
developmem, and negative views such as visible
dumpsters.
A visual assessmem is the first step in developing
a streetscape plan. See attachments B, C and D.
Fry Street Streetscape
Denton adopted the Fry Street Small Area Plan in
1999. In the plan, stakeholders identified
concerns that included: litter, poor condition of
dumpsters, dumpsters on the rights-of-way, lack of
parking, traffic congestion, poor traffic control,
panhandling, poor property maimenance, and
dilapidated buildings. The plan also set forth
some recommendations for improving the area.
Many of these recommendations could be
incorporated into the development and
implementation of a streetscape plan for the area.
Another City's Solution
Northgate, a housing, retail, bar, and club
community across the street from Texas A&M
University, was experiencing the same problems
of blight which currently plague the Fry Street
area. In 1993, the City of College Station began
working on a redevelopment plan to improve
infrastructure, streetscape, and solid waste
management methods in the area. In 1996, the
City of College Station adopted and is still
implementing the second phase of improvements.
In the Capital Improvement Projects Bond election
in November 2003, the residems of College
Station voted to allocate another $5,000,000 in
bonds to the Northgate area. See attachment E.
CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PLAN
In January 1998, staff prepared a corridor
ordinance to implement regulations to enhance
and improve the appearance and safety of
corridors. Overall regulations in the ordinance
related to setbacks, architectural materials,
architectural design, uses visible from the corridor,
signs, and non-conforming landscaping. Although
it addressed many issues related to community
aesthetics, the ordinance was not brought to a vote
by the City Council at that time.
Since then, many requiremems in the corridor
ordinance have been modified and incorporated
into the Denton Development Code. The city has
been re-zoned in accordance with The Denton
Plan. However, there exist incompatible, legal
nonconforming land uses, particularly along
DeMon's main corridors. An example of this is
the Day Labor Site on Fort Worth Drive.
Legal Nonconforming Uses
The Development Code outlines three instances
that terminate legal nonconforming uses that in
effect bring a property into compliance with the
land use specified in the Zoning Ordinance.
Vacating a property for six months or more, or
intentionally destroying the structure housing the
use are acts initiated by the property owner that
terminate legal nonconforming status.
Amortization is an act initiated by the City that
has the same effect.
However, in the absence of any of the above three
actions, there is still much that can be done to
improve the appearance of properties along major
corridors, particularly those that have been
designated as community gateways.
Corridor (Gateway) Overlay District
Although there are legal nonconforming uses on
most of Denton's main corridors, including those
that could be identified as community gateways,
the creation of a Corridor Overlay District could
enhance existing properties (while protecting
existing uses) and heighten the level of new
development.
Characteristics of Overlay Districts
Overlay districts usually institute a higher standard
of quality of design for all new development as
well as for the expansion of existing structures in
their boundaried areas. Overlay districts can also
require existing structures to make aesthetic
improvements to their exteriors over a period of
time while retaining their existing use. Enhanced
design elements are usually specified and may
include the types of landscape and construction
materials that can be used. Overlay districts
establish a set of guidelines that can help a
community to realize its vision of itself in its
physical environment.
Examples of aesthetic improvements to
existing structures
Purpose of Overlay Districts
Per Subchapter 7 of the Denton Development
Code, "districts should be established to protect
and enhance certain specific lands [gateways] and
structures which, by virtue of their type or location
[city entry points], have characteristics which are
distinct from lands and structures outside such
special districts."
Denton Overlay Districts
Currently, Denton has three overlay districts:
Denton Municipal Airport Overlay District, Fry
Street Overlay District, and the Historic
Conservation District. In the Historic
Conservation District, for example, one of the
purposes of the overlay as stated in The Denton
Code is to 'Safeguard the heritage of the City of
Denton by preserving areas of the city that contain
landmarks, buildings, and/or sites which reflect
elements of the city's cultural, social, economic,
political or architectural or archeological history."
Overlay districts can serve the purpose of
enhancing, preserving, and protecting that
which a community deems valuable.
INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 35E
The significance 1-35E plays in creating the first
and possibly last impression of Denton cannot be
overstated. For those simply passing through to
another destination, it is the only image they have
of the community.
Such was the case in 1999 when Neal McCaleb,
Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating' s
Transportation Secretary, was speaking publicly
about Oklahoma's new statewide anti-litter
campaign. In an article published in the Dallas
Morning News on September 15, 1999, Mr.
McCaleb stated "When I'm driving, I'm
scanning the roadside all the time to make kind
of a subjective assessment of how we're doing.
I recently drove to Dallas, and I promise you
we are in a lot better shape than Interstate 35
in Texas. If anyone wants to challenge that,
there are portions of 1-35E around Denton that
look like you are driving on the road to the
dump."
Future Reconstruction
The Texas Department of Transportation
(TxDOT) has undertaken a Major Investmem
Study of the 1-35E corridor from 1-635 in Dallas to
US 380 in DeNon. Their effort is focused on the
reconstruction of this highway to handle the
currem and amicipated traffic. This study is in the
schematic design stage and anticipates
construction within the next ten years. The
preliminary schematic design amicipates eight
main lanes and six lanes of access roads through
the City of DeNon. This level of proposed
reconstruction will have a significant impact on
the right-of-way as it currently exists and will
provide an opportunity for the City to address
issues relating to entryways and landscaping along
this route as the design evolves over the next
several years.
Currently, Denton does not have adequate design
standards along 1-35E.
Right-of-Way Maintenance
However, at this time, improvements can be made
regarding 1-35E right-of-way maintenance as it
pertains to mowing and litter abatement.
TxDOT Maintenance Levels
In 2000, TxDOT maintenance levels were:
· 1-35E--mowed three times per year;
litter pickup-seven times per year.
· 1-35W--mowed three times per year;
litter pickup-two times per year.
· Loop 288--mowed three times per year;
litter pickup-three times per year.
In 2001, Keep DeNon Beautiful worked with
TxDOT to increase the number of mowing cycles
on 1-35E to five and the number of litter pickups
to nine. However in 2003, the mowing and litter
cycles were decreased. Currem levels of TxDOT
maintenance are:
· 1-35E--mowed only three times per
year; litter pickups have been reduced to
six times per year.
· 1-35W--mowed three times per year;
litter pickups have been reduced to once
annually.
· Loop 288--mowed three times per year;
litter pickups have been reduced to
twice annually.
Presemly, there is no roadway debris removal via
street sweeper. The street sweeping contract
expired in August 2003 and is to be re-let in mid-
February 2004. Sweeping of 1-35E overpasses
and underpasses could resume as early as March
2004, but more likely not umil April. Notably, the
mowing and litter pickup services were also not
performed on Denton's state-controlled roadways
between May 2003 and September 2003 because
that contract was also delayed in being re-let.
Other Metroplex Cities' Solutions
Due to the inadequate level of TxDOT service and
the desire to enhance the entryways into their
cities, Lewisville, Allen, Plano, Grapevine,
Carrollton, Highland Village, Richardson, and
Flower Mound have enhanced the appearance of
their state-comrolled roadways (I-35E, 121, 407,
3040, 2499) by supplememing TxDOT mowing
and litter pick up service levels with either in-
house efforts or contracted services.
In January 2001, the City of Lewisville began
comracting all 87 of its 1-35E roadside acreage for
maintenance. The maintenance contract includes
litter pickup, mowing, edging, cleaning of all
roadway and curb cracks, and spraying of tree
rings. This service is performed monthly during
the growing season (8 times per year) at a cost of
$22,000 annually. TxDOT cominues to pick up
litter on 1-35E through Lewisville. Lewisville also
contracts for maintenance on Hwy 407 and Hwy
121.
The other cities listed above are contracting for
mowing and litter abatement services on state-
controlled roadways in their cities between March
and November on average from once per week to
once every three weeks. To acquire the best bid,
several of these cities are:
· also comracting out their city medians
and rights-of-way, and/or
· piggybacking omo an existing comract in
a neighboring city.
The second option guarantees the same price per
acre and eliminates the necessity of going out to
bid.
A private contractor currently maintains all five
miles of comiguous 1-35 roadway from the
southern city limit sign of Carrollton to the
northern city limit sign of Lewisville.
Per TxDOT, 1-35E through Demon (Mayhill Road
to the IH-35W imerchange) is approximately 179
acres. On average the contracted maintenance rate
in the above listed cities is $35 for flat acreage and
$50-$60 for sloping acreage depending on the
total number of acres in the service contract.
URBAN TREES
Without trees, most cities are a sterile landscape of
concrete, brick, steel and asphalt. Because most
people prefer to live, work, and visit beautiful
places, trees are one of a community's most vital
assets.
Trees contribute to the beauty and character of the
local landscape. Differem native species
distinguish one place from another. Trees shape
the perception and feelings about our
neighborhoods by framing buildings and
enhancing open spaces.
Less Ener~'
Environmental Benefits
Trees are critical to the overall quality of our
environment. Trees offset development impacts,
significamly diminish noise pollution, lower air
temperature, reduce smog, remove pollutants from
the air, and decrease topsoil erosion. Trees are a
critical component of numerous ecosystems and
provide habitats for songbirds, small forest
animals, wildflowers, and smaller understory
trees.
·
Air Quality -- Trees are an efficiem and
cost-effective way for a community to
improve its air quality and reduce
pollution. A mature tree absorbs between
120-240 pounds per year of small particles
and gases such as carbon dioxide which
are released imo the air by automobiles
and industrial facilities. In addition, a
single tree produces nearly three-quarters
of the oxygen required for one person; and
a canopy of trees in an urban environment
can slash smog levels up to six percent.
American Forests reports that just 25,000
acres of forest can offset the equivalent
emissions of 10 billion automobile miles.
Water Quality -- Trees help anchor soil
and reduce storm water runoff, saving the
high costs of drainage ditches, storm
sewers, and other 'engineered solutions' to
storm water management. A street lined
with 32-foot tall trees can reduce runoff by
almost 327 gallons, allowing cities to
install smaller and less expensive water
management systems. Reducing runoff
also decreases topsoil erosion and the
amount of silt and other pollutants washed
into streams, rivers, and lakes.
Lower Heating and Cooling Costs --
Trees have demonstrated the ability to
reduce heating and cooling costs and
counteract the "heat island" effect in urban
environments. Urban areas with little
vegetation can experience temperatures of
up to seven degrees higher than those with
tree cover. This translates into
significantly higher energy costs to cool
buildings. Properly planted trees can cut
heating and cooling costs by as much as 12
percent and reduce overall power demand.
Reduced Noise Pollution -- Noise
pollution is an often-overlooked problem.
Excessive or unwanted sound has negative
physical and psychological effects. Noise
can come from many sources, especially
roads and highways. Trees can play an
important role in deadening unwanted
noise. Sound waves are absorbed by a
tree's leaves, branches, and twigs. Studies
suggest that belts of trees 100 feet wide
and 45 feet long can cut highway noise in
half.
Economic Benefits
Trees are a major economic asset in building a
positive community image--a key factor in
attracting residents, business, and visitors alike.
Some of the economic benefits attributed to trees
include:
· Higher Commercial Land Values and
Occupancy Rates -- Trees have a positive
impact on the value of commercial
property. Recent surveys indicate that nine
out of 10 commercial real estate appraisers
believe that trees boost the sales appeal of
commercial properties and add
significantly to their value. In addition,
commercial areas with trees enjoy higher
occupancy and rental/lease rates than
identical properties that lack landscaping.
Some studies suggest attractive tree-lined
commercial centers are more desirable
than those areas without trees that have
direct access to main roadways.
Increased Consumer Patronage and
Spending -- The appearance of a business
can attract or repel customers. Well-
landscaped businesses project an image of
quality that entices customers. Surveys
show that three out of four consumers
prefer to shop in places that are graced by
trees and other forms of landscaping. One
study showed that patrons to shops with
extensive landscaping and tree cover spent
11 percent more than they would in an
identical shop without attractive
landscaping and trees.
Greater Residential Property Values --
Studies have consistently shown that trees
have a major impact on the price and
desirability of homes. Among identical
homes, those with trees sell for an average
of five percent more than homes without
trees. Property values for unimproved lots
can rise as much as 30 percent based on
the amount and density of tree cover.
Quantitative Benefits in Other Texas Cities
According to studies by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Forest Service and the American
Forestry Association, trees in the urban landscape
have resulted in less pollution, and have been
assigned a monetary value in several Texas cities:
· Austin--2800 metric tons of pollution
removed from the air per year at an
estimated value of $14.5 million dollars,
· Dallas--2600 metric tons of pollution
removed from the air per year at an
estimated value of $14 million dollars,
· Houston--2300 metric tons of pollution
removed from the air per year at an
estimated value of $11.9 million dollars,
and
· E1 Paso--400 metric tons of pollution
removed from the air per year at an
estimated value of $1.96 million dollar
value.
Tree Preservation
According to Scenic America, a national non-
profit organization, "As important as trees are,
their survival is often threatened by development.
For instance, developers commonly clear-cut
building sites to make construction faster and
easier. Millions of trees are needlessly
destroyed in this way each year, because many
communities do not have strong tree
preservation ordinances."
Tree preservation success is measured over the
long term as trees thrive for many years after
development is completed. For successful tree
preservation to occur, experts agree that the people
making decisions about tree ordinances must be
knowledgeable in several areas. They must
understand:
· how trees grow--individually and in
clusters,
· the process of design and developmem, as
well as construction methods,
· how trees respond to changes in the
environment related to land development,
and
· the need for ordinance oversight and
enforcement.
With regard to ordinance oversight and
enforcemem, the Texas Forest Service offers
three-year grams to assist in funding urban
forestry positions in municipalities. Demon was
selected to receive $20,000 in 2001 to assist in
funding a forester position, but the city did not
accept the gram. The city is still eligible for this
funding.
Urban forestry, problems
Denton's Draft Tree Preservation Ordinance
The Tree Preservation Sub-Committee of the
Demon Planning and Zoning Commission has
held six public meetings/hearings to include
stakeholders in the drafting of a Tree Preservation
Ordinance. The Planning and Zoning
Commission recommended the draft for Council
approval as written with the understanding that it
needed refinemem.
PUBLIC ART
Public art exists to brighten the eye and enhance
the physical environmem, but its importance goes
beyond that. Economically successful cities share
certain traits, among them is the recognition that
an aesthetically appealing community has a clear
advantage in attracting and keeping businesses and
the people they employ. It is an economic tool
hard to measure because it is difficult to quamify
opportunity lost from businesses that choose
another location. So public art becomes entwined
with economic developmem and quality of
community life.
Design Process
An effective model for developing and enhancing
the aesthetics and appeal of a community is to
integrate public art at the outset of the design
process, not as an add-on or afterthought. This
results in public art (and other related expressions
such as foumains, special design features,
landscapes, etc) that is an integral part of the
project and incorporated into the project budget
from the outset. It also creates ownership among
all parties involved in the design process by
encouraging clear communication regarding
proper production, placement, and maintenance of
artwork. It yields projects and schemes that have
a sense of appropriateness and of belonging to
Denton as opposed to the randomly-placed piece
of sculpture known as 'plop-art.'
Integration of Public Art
Communities such as Seattle, Washington have
taken the approach of successfully integrating
public art, not only into office and governmental
buildings, but also at facilities related to
infrastructure such as power substations or water
utilities.
The Denton Plan
The Denton Plan calls for the city to "adopt
standards to guide placement of art in public
places, such as landmarks, view corridors,
pockets, traffic circles and other locations of
prominent stature." However, these standards
have not been adopted in the Denton
Development Code.
by traffic as do areas along major arterials and
freeways, and although downtown has excellent
access from the community, it is generally
circumvented unless it is the specific destination.
To further complicate the matter, finding the way
to downtown from major entranceways can be
difficult and sometimes frustrating for visitors or
newcomers to Denton. There is no clear route or
signage system to lead one to downtown.
"Drawing people into the core business district is
crucial to revitalizing Denton's downtown.
Therefore, fast and easy access is imperative,"
reports Fregonese.
The Downtown Task Force, a group consisting of
city staff and interested citizens, is currently
working on implementing the Downtown Master
Plan. A key element is the creation of a way
finding sign system.
The way finding map (see below) shows the
preferred routes between downtown and major
streets in Denton. These streets should be
appropriately signed. On-street parking should be
advertised, and public off-street spaces should be
advertised as well.
WAY FINDING (SIGNAGE)
Downtown Master Plan
The Denton Downtown Master Plan cites
transportation and signage as two issues to address
early in the implementation of the plan.
Downtown does not have the advantage of drive-
Citizens expressed improving signage citywide to
guide citizens and visitors to the Historic
Downtown Square, the universities, and
governmental buildings as a top concern in the
1999 'Raise the Bar' survey.
should be encouraged. Small area plans should
contain strategies for solid waste improvements in
existing developed areas."
Also a Downtown sidewalk study leading to
standards and a pilot project will be completed
with citizen input by the Planning and
Development Department by May 2004. Also
during 2004, the Planning and Development
Department will work on a Downtown overlay
district to address specific design standards for
downtown.
The Denton Plan
As well, The Denton Plan calls for the city to
"design and adopt directional and informational
signage schemes that are effective, attractive and
reinforce a desirable image for the city."
DUMPSTER ISSUES
Dumpsters on the ROW
The appearance of commercial, business and
institutional property can be negatively impacted
by the presence of large solid waste and recycling
storage containers permanently located in the front
of the building line and visible from the street.
There are three areas of consideration related to
the appearance of solid waste and recycling
storage containers:
· the location of the storage area, meeting
enclosure, and screening requirements,
· adequate container maintenance, using an
aesthetically pleasant color and paint
scheme, and
· graffiti abatement.
All of these areas affect the attractiveness of
property and of the community.
The Denton Plan
With regard to solid waste dumpsters, The Denton
Plan states: "Solid waste containers should be
located out of public view on private property, in
areas specially designed to accommodate truck
maneuvering. The use of innovative technologies
to reduce the visibility of solid waste operations
Dumpsters in New Developments
The current Denton Development Code has
successfully addressed this issue for new
construction, redevelopment and maj or
rehabilitation projects. The Development Code
does not allow dumpsters in front of buildings. It
prefers all solid waste and recycling storage areas
to be enclosed and in the rear of the buildings. If
dumpsters are allowed on the sides of buildings,
enclosures and screening are required.
Dumpsters in Existing Developments
The Solid Waste Department has been working
with its customers on existing property to
encourage the relocation of dumpsters from the
right-of-way. A majority of the containers that
can be easily relocated to alternative locations
have been moved.
The remaining dumpsters located in rights-of-
way and in front of buildings present a
significantly greater challenge to relocate.
These dumpsters typically are located in older,
fully developed areas with limited alternate
location options. Typical locations include: older
apartment complexes with limited parking and
buffer space, businesses around the Downtown
Square and Fry Street, businesses and multi-
family residences in the vicinity of the
universities, and historic areas.
10
Other Cities' Solutions
Some communities have established a reasonable
period of time for customers to relocate their
containers to meet current development code
criteria.
Container Appearance/Condition
The commercial refuse and recycling containers
are painted one color with no distinctive paint
scheme. The refuse storage containers are painted
dark green and the recycling containers are
painted blue. The option of a distinctive paint
scheme such as Abitibi's paper recycling
containers employ would increase the cost of the
containers and their maintenance, though it may
offer an improved or distinctive appearance, if an
alternative solid color is desired, the cost of
conversion would be less. The rotation of
containers from service for cosmetic
improvement and rehabilitation can be
shortened to improve container appearance.
Graffiti
There has been a recent increase in the amount of
graffiti on public property and dumpsters. The
joint effort of the police and other city
departments to identify and document these
locations has helped the Solid Waste Department
in scheduling their abatement. Typically,
Denton's container maintenance crew removes
graffiti on dumpsters within two weeks.
Fry Street Dumpsters
The Solid Waste Department supports the
proposed solution in the Downtown Master Plan
to consolidate and screen dumpsters to more
effectively manage solid waste in that area. This
approach may also be a solution for improving the
Fry Street business area.
The Draft Solid Waste Code
The draft Solid Waste Code includes language that
provides for the implementation of the same
container requirements for all existing property as
is currently contained in the Denton Development
Code for new development.
FUNDING TOOLS
There are federal, state and local resources that are
potential funding vehicles for cities to utilize for
infrastructure and aesthetic improvements. A few
are listed below.
Federal Funding
Federal funding is available through the federal
Transportation Enhancements Program under the
Transportation Equity Act. Through TxDOT,
Texas cities can apply for Transportation
Enhancement (TE) funds for street reconstruction
and landscape development.
Recently, the House and Senate Committees
passed separate versions of a bill to reauthorize the
Transportation Equity Act, the multi-year
authorization of funds for the Highway Trust
Fund. Action on these bills will resume when
Congress returns January 2004 to attempt to pass
the FY 2004 'omnibus' appropriation bill.
Congress will likely pass a comprehensive re-
authorization bill before the short-term extension
of TEA21 expires on March 1, 2004.
The City of Richardson and the City of Haltom
City are examples of Metroplex cities that have
used TEA funds to redevelop and enhance TxDOT
roadways. See attachment F.
State Funding
State funding includes four TxDOT programs: the
Landscape Cost Sharing Program (CSP), the
Green Ribbon Landscape improvement Program
(GRP), the Construction Landscape Program
(CLP), and the Governor's Community
Achievement Award (GCAA).
Landscape Cost Sharing Program
In February 1989, the Texas Transportation
Commission established the Landscape Cost
Sharing Program. The program was created to
allow private businesses, civic organizations, and
local governments an opportunity to support the
landscape and aesthetic improvement of the state
11
highway system by sharing the project
development, establishment, and maintenance cost
of landscaping the state highway system. TxDOT
is responsible for administration of the state
contribution for each project based on 50% of the
total estimated project cost.
Landscape Cost Sharing Projects are initiated by
local governments (city or county). The local
government acts as a pass through in cases where
private businesses or civic associations wish to
participate in the program. Donations toward a
project can be in the form of cash or non-cash
services. Examples of non-cash services include
development of a design plan, labor, materials and
landscape maintenance activities.
The local government must agree to perform
landscape maintenance during the lifetime of the
project. The first two years of landscape
maintenance are considered as an eligible non-
cash contribution toward the project.
Green Ribbon Landscape Improvement
Program
The Green Ribbon Landscape Improvement
Program (GRP) was implemented in response to
Rider 57 of the TxDOT Appropriation Bill for the
77th legislative session. The Rider requires
expansion of the Houston District's GRP concept
to other areas of the state and the allocation of
funds for landscaping and other enhancement
activities to districts that have air quality, non-
attainment and near non-attainment counties.
In order to meet the requirements of the Rider,
TxDOT is implementing the GRP. The program
consists of two specific actions. One action is the
development of landscape and aesthetic master
plans in districts that have cities with populations
of 100,000 or more. The other action is the
allocation of funds to districts with non-attainment
and near non-attainment counties to plant and
establish trees and plants on the state highway
system that help mitigate the effects of air
pollution.
Keep Denton Beautiful is currently working with
TxDOT to ensure participation in the Green
Ribbon Landscape Improvement Program on
current and future TxDOT projects. See
attachment G.
Construction Landscape Program
The Construction Landscape Program (CLP)
was created at the direction of the Texas
Transportation Commission in November 1985
and targets high volume roadways such as IH-35E
for landscape development. The CLP addresses
new landscape development and establishment
projects within each district. The following types
of projects can be funded from this program:
typical right-of-way landscape development,
establishment and aesthetic improvement; rest and
picnic area landscape development and
establishment; and erosion control and
environmental mitigation activities.
The CLP provides flexibility to the districts for
funding landscape and aesthetic improvements to
new as well as existing highway facilities. The
design goals are to develop sustainable landscape
and aesthetic improvements using native and
adapted plant material, specialized surface
treatments, and state of the art support systems,
while applying current science and technology for
resource efficiency.
This statewide program allocates funds to each
district for one fiscal year at a current amount of
$5,000,000 for each year as part of the unified
program call. Currently, some of the CLP funds
are being used for hardscape improvements
(pavestone, colored textured concrete) on projects
in which GRP funding is the primary funding.
This is being done because GRP funds can only be
used for irrigation and landscape, not hardscape
improvements.
Governor's Community Achievement Award
The Governor's Community Achievement
Award (GCAA) has been sponsored by Keep
Texas Beautiful since 1969 and funded by TxDOT
12
since 1986. The GCAA is presemed to
communities in nine population categories for
exhibiting the best grassroots, volunteer
environmemal and community improvemem
programs in the state. In 2003, Keep Denton
Beautiful was the recipient of the GCAA in the
population category of 50,001 - 100,000. This
recognition comes with a monetary award of
$130,000. The gram funds are designated for
landscape developmem and installation on any
state-maintained roadway in Denton. See
attachment tt.
Local Funding
Local funding instrumems may include: Tax
Increment Financing, Public Improvement
Districts, local and regional partnerships, as well
as business incentives and tax abatements.
Tax Increment Financing
Tax Increment Financing (TIF) -TIF is a tool
used by municipalities to reduce or eliminate
blighting conditions, foster improvemem, and
enhance the tax base of every taxing district which
extends into the area. Tax Increment Financing
provides for redevelopment that would not occur
without the support of public investments. This
tool allows the City to capture the increase in state
and local property and sales taxes that result from
a redevelopment that also contributes to the TIF
fund. The City is required to prepare a
redevelopment plan for each district that identifies
uses for the TIF fund.
Public Improvement Districts
Public Improvement Districts (PID)--Under
Texas law, municipalities may create special
districts in which to improve landscaping,
streetscapes, public amenities, parking facilities,
infrastructure needs, and other municipal
amenities. A city may either create a PID solely,
or with other governments or private interests.
PIDs may be funded through general funds of the
city, grams, or a specially levied tax.
Local Partnerships
An example of local partnerships helping to fund a
community project exists in Milwaukee. The City
of Milwaukee was seeking funding to develop and
implement a Gateway Signage System. To this
end, they created a Gateway Signage Partnership
Program. The program is as follows:
· Create a high-profile Gateway Signage
System highlighting Milwaukee-based
corporations through the innovative use of
Public Art.
· Offer an aesthetic value to our urban
travelers while enhancing the image of
Milwaukee through the integration of
"themes" into a City signage system.
· Generate net revenue to the city through
corporate sponsorship of Gateway Signage
Program.
Harley-Davidson has signed on as Milwaukee's
first corporate Gateway Signage Partner.
BEAUTIFICATION INITIATIVES
· Using Subchapter 7 of the Development
Code, establish Corridor Overlay Districts
on major thoroughfares that have been
designated as community gateways.
· Develop and implemem a Corridor
Streetscape Master Plan for all major
thoroughfares (secondary emries as well as
those designated as community gateways.)
· Develop and implement a Fry Street
Streetscape Plan utilizing some of the
recommendations found in the Fry Street
Small Area Plan.
13
· Establish a reasonable period of time for
customers to relocate their solid waste
containers to meet current Denton
Development Code criteria and incorporate
this time schedule into the next solid waste
code update.
· Adopt a Tree Preservation Ordinance that
includes a full-time position for a forestry
program manager.
· Institute a Public Art policy that integrates
public art into a project at the time of
project planning.
· Design and implement a citywide
'wayfinding' sign system.
· Review the appropriateness of the land use
at the Day Labor Site on Fort Worth Drive.
PART II: LITTER
Background
Denton, like many other Texas cities, has a
recurring litter problem. Based on its
demographics, Denton fits the national profile for
a community susceptible to litter.
In the mid-1990s, a consulting firm was hired by
Keep America Beautiful to assess the nation's
litter problem. The survey results revealed that
the chronic litterer was an 18-34 year old male
who drove a pick-up truck. Most of the time, he
was tossing trash out of the windows of his truck,
or it was blowing from the bed of his truck. This
national litterbug was nicknamed 'Bubba.'
However, the most recent national survey revealed
that 'Bubba' may have reformed, national
statistics reveal that chronic litterers have one or
more of the following characteristics in common-
· 16 to 24 years of age,
· smoke cigarettes,
· party approximately two nights a week,
· frequent fast food restaurants, bars, and
clubs, and
· single.
Overall, young people (males and females; 16-24)
are more likely to litter than other age categories.
Reading this national statistical profile, it is easy
to see why Demon with its three high schools, two
universities, and one college would be predisposed
to having a litter problem.
In 1998 and 2001, TXDOT contracted with
Tuerff-Davis Enviro-Media, Inc. and NuStats
International of Austin to conduct a statewide
study about the littering behaviors of Texans. The
surveys revealed virtually the same information.
Following is an excerpt from the Texas
Department of Transportation survey entitled 'The
Littering Habits of Texans.'
General public--Perhaps the most telling result of the
studies was that 52% of Texans self-reported either
littering or being tolerant of littering behaviors of
others.
Smokers--Of those Texans who smoke, more than
50% admitted to littering, particularly cigarette butts,
but also other items such as beverage bottles and cans.
Cigarette butt litterers reported that they did not view
cigarette butts as litter. According to TXDOT,
cigarette butts are the most common litter item found
on Texas highways.
Pick-up drivers--Although driving a pick-up truck is
no longer considered a major factor nationally in
predicting littering behaviors, trash flying out of the
beds of pick-up trucks is still a significant source of
litter in Texas. According to the state studies, 45% of
all litterers in Texas drive a pick-up truck.
14
Fast food frequenters--Texans who typically eat fast
food in their vehicles are more than three times as
likely to litter than those who eat in the restaurant or at
home. Interestingly, one of every five items of litter
found on state highways is food-related. Items include
fast food trays, fast food wrappers, napkins, food
utensils, beverage cups, soda cans, and ice bags.
Texans On-the-Go: Nearly 70% of Texans who admit
to littering say the behavior occurs while driving.
Per the studies, traffic volume is the single most
significant factor that influences the amount of
litter on roadways. Increased traffic equals increased
litter. Establishments such as convenience stores, fast
food restaurants, liquor stores, shopping malls, and gas
stations represent potential litter sources. As the
number of potential litter sources increase on
roadways, so does the amount of roadside litter.
Per TXDOT, in 2001 Texans paid $36 million to clean
up state highway litter, up from $29 million in 1998.
This figure does not include the money spent by city
and county governments, and non-profit groups to
clean up litter locally.
Causes
Why do People Litter?
Research by Keep America Beautiful found that
people litter because:
· They feel no sense of ownership, even
though areas such as parks and beaches are
public property.
· They believe someone else--a park
maintenance or highway worker--will
pick up after them.
· Litter has already accumulated.
Where does Litter come From?
Litter just doesn't appear--it's the result of
careless attitudes and poor waste handling
practices of many individuals, businesses, and
institutions. Motorists and pedestrians are often
blamed for litter, but Keep America Beautiful has
identified the following seven major sources from
which litter is generated:
· household trash handling and its
placement at the curb for collection
· dumpsters used by businesses
· loading docks
· construction and demolition sites
· trucks with uncoveredloads
· pedestrians
· motorists
Keep Texas Beautiful has added boaters and
illegal dumpsites to the list of litter sources.
Litter is blown by wind and traffic or carried by
water and animals. It moves until trapped by a
curb, building, fence or tall weeds. Litter that has
accumulated seems to invite people to add more.
Therefore, once litter becomes visible in a
community, it seems to worsen. Litter breeds
more litter.
What does Attitude Have to do With Littering?
Many times littering is not an accident but rather a
behavior that is the result of norms or attitudes.
Norms are behaviors that are accepted and
expected, 'the way things are done.' If littering
becomes an accepted behavior in Denton, then
litter will become an accepted part of Denton's
landscape.
'Raise the Bar' Survey Findings
In 1999 the City Manager's Office conducted a
citizen's survey called 'Raise the Bar.'
Respondents to the "Raise the Bar" campaign
made 842 comments regarding litter:
· 60% referenced litter on street and
highway rights-of-way, and
· 28% of the comments addressed illegal
dumping.
Listed below were the top 10 litter locations as
pointed out in the survey.
The Top 10
Litter Complaint Areas in Denton
· University Drive · Fort Worth Drive
· 1-35 · UNTarea
· Fry Street · Dallas Drive
· Loop 288 (Mall area) · Hwy77
. Owsley . McKinney
15
In the spring of 2000, the City Manager's Office
created a multi-departmental Litter Task Force to
further study DeMon's litter problem and to make
recommendations for effective abatement
strategies. Abbreviated results of the Litter
Abatement Study are as follows:
· 134 miles of major roadways through
Denton were significantly littered,
· 35 miles of local streets were significantly
littered, and
· 15 drainage ditches were significantly
littered.
The Litter Task Force also determined that
although litter is an ongoing problem, "the
deteriorating physical condition and appearance of
public infrastructure--paving, curbs, gutter,
signage, landscaping, utility equipmem,
dumpsters--contribute to the image of a 'dirty'
space, even though litter itself may not be
excessive. In other words, well-maimained public
facilities and spaces create an image of a clean
city."
Solutions
Litter reduction requires drying up the sources of
litter. To dry up the sources of litter, we must
address the problem through the use of four
strategies:
· Education
· Solid Waste Technology
· Enforcement
· Ordinances
Education - Public attitudes and behaviors about
trash handling and perceptions about solid waste
management are affected directly by education.
Public education includes school programs,
community evens, workshops, public relations
programs, media campaigns, and specific
programs for properly containerizing litter at its
sources.
Technology - The equipment available to manage
waste and the opportunities to recycle have great
effect on the amount of litter in a community.
Litter receptacles placed at high traffic areas are
one example of effective technology.
Containerized trash service is another. Others
include street sweepers and improved sanitation
collection vehicles. The condition and adequacy
of this technology also have an impact.
Community attitudes about handling waste will be
changed more quickly and permanemly if
improvements are made in sanitation technology.
(Per Keep Texas Beautiful, "In Texas cities
conducting the Keep America Beautiful Litter
Index Survey, the results from 2002-2003 show
that cities using containerized trash service
report less litter in surveyed areas than those
with only bag service.")
Ordinances - In every community, there are laws
or ordinances that have an impact on how solid
waste and litter are managed. Solid waste, and
trash and debris ordinances are predominamly
found in Chapter 24 and Chapter 13, respectively,
of the Denton Code of Ordinances. Many of these
codes are codified in our state statutes as well.
Currently, Denton does not have an illegal
dumping or litter ordinance.
Enforcement Consistent and effective
enforcement of solid waste codes as well as state
laws that forbid littering will serve to change
behavior and reinforce our community's
commitment to cleanliness. Environmental courts,
which are becoming increasingly popular across
the country, are very effective in establishing
consistent fines and sentencing of litter offenders
and illegal dumpers. Peer pressure enforcemem is
also a key elemem in changing public behavior.
16
What Works
With regard to enforcement, in May 2002 the
Washington State Department of Ecology featured
a news report kicking off their new statewide
"Litter and it will Hurt" campaign. A part of the
press release stated, "Research on people who
litter revealed that the best way to get them to
stop is to make them aware that they can be
caught and punished. Previous anti-litter
campaigns that appealed to people's sense of
citizenship and environmental stewardship
didn't work." "Washington tried the nice-guy
approach, but the type of people who
chronically litter are not persuaded by
messages about health and safety and quality of
life," said Cullen Stephenson, who manages
Ecology's solid waste program. "It's time to tell
people who litter that we're coming after their
pocketbooks."
Unfortunately, a survey of citizens conducted by
the Texas Department of Transportation (Litter
Study 2001) echoes this same semimem. A
portion of the 82-page TXDOT report states, "As
in 1998, the data again suggest that Texans
believe using an altruistic approach, or a sense
of social responsibility - telling people that not
littering is the right thing to do - would be the
least effective way to reduce litter. Conversely,
using a tactic that contains elements of penalty
and consequence - reminding people that the
fine for littering is up to $500 - would be the
most effective."
LITTER REDUCTION INITIATIVES
· Review the assessment and
recommendations made in the 2001 Litter
Abatement Study prepared by the City
Manager's Litter Task Force, and develop
a plan to implement those
recommendations found to still be relevant.
· Adopt ordinances that prohibit illegal
dumping and littering.
· Adopt an ordinance that prohibits placing
residential trash at the curb 24-7.
Consider having city facilities participate
in Keep Denton Beautiful's 'Clean
Business' training.
PART iii: CODE OF ORDINANCES
In order to attain the desired appearance of private
property, municipal governments must enact
regulations toward that goal. The regulation of
property appearance can be divided imo three
distinct functions.
· Legislation - Governing bodies of
municipalities must make policy
decisions, through the passage of
ordinances and codes, regarding the
desired appearance of properties within
the community.
· Enforcement - The enforcement of
such legislation must be assigned to
specific work groups and the
enforcement process must be both
efficient and effective.
· Adjudication - The legislation must
be supported through equitable and
consistem adjudication of enforcemem
action taken, whether through the filing
of cases in Municipal Court or the
assessment of administrative fees and
property liens.
LEGISLATION
The Denton Development Code regulates land
use, site and structure design, and construction
features, such as electrical wiring and fire
suppression equipmem, that provide for the safety
and security of inhabitants of those structures.
Additionally, the City of DeNon has ordinances
that regulate the maintenance of property. These
include the regulation of grass and weeds, trash
and debris, junked vehicles, signs, and
landscaping. See attachment I.
17
Ordinances
A city must first ensure that legislation exists that
provides comprehensive regulation of property
appearance. Without legal authorization to
compel individual property owners to maintain
their property toward the desired appearance,
the community will not present the desired
image of the community. Such policy decisions
require a successful balance between
consideration for the rights of property owners and
the greater welfare of the community as a result of
any impact the appearance or condition of a
specific property or neighborhood may have on
the safety of area residems, the value of adjacem
property, and potemial economic developmem.
Denton has no
ordinance
prohibiting storage of
furniture outdoors
Ordinances in Other Cities
The City of DeNon has idemified several
examples of such gaps in legislation that may
result in an undesirable property appearance.
Many area municipalities regulate the parking of
vehicles on private property by requiring vehicles
to be parked on an improved surface, including
concrete, asphalt or gravel. Denton has no
ordinance regulating the parking of vehicles on
lawns. Such parking contributes to an overall
unkempt and undesirable appearance. See
attachment .I.
Another gap in legislation is the abatement of
graffiti. Graffiti definitively comributes to
physical decay of an area and, if left unabated,
results in additional graffiti and physical decay of
an area. Studies have shown that if graffiti is
abated within three days on three consecutive
occasions, it is unlikely to reappear. However,
many property owners believe that the graffiti will
only reappear if they clean it resulting in the
expenditure of additional resources to abate it
again. Therefore, many property owners will not
abate graffiti on their property, or will allow it to
remain for such a period of time that it results in
additional graffiti on their property or adjacent
properties.
Some area cities, including Coppell, Euless, Fort
Worth, Garland, Grand Prairie, Haltom City,
Hurst, Irving, Lancaster, McKinney, Plano, and
Watauga have ordinances that require private
property owners to abate graffiti. The ordinances
require owner abatement within a specified time,
ranging from 72 hours to 30 days. Additionally,
many of the cities offer financial assistance to
property owners who are financially unable to
perform the abatement.
In addition to abating the graffiti, several cities
(Fort Worth, Garland, Haltom City, Plano,
Wichita Falls, and Killeen) maimain ordinances
that prohibit the possession of graffiti
implement tools, defined as spray paint, etching
devices or markers with a tip exceeding 3/8 of an
inch, on any property owned by the city or a
school or on the property of a closed business.
While state law prohibits the sale of spray paint to
minors, there is no law that prohibits minors from
possessing spray paint--a common graffiti tool.
The enactmem of such an ordinance would
provide police with an additional tool with which
to combat graffiti.
Parking on unimproved surfaces and graffiti are
two examples of issues that present a direct,
adverse impact on the appearance of Denton that
are curremly unregulated by ordinance or code.
18
ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement Designation
Codes and ordinances regulating property
appearance and maintenance exist. The challenge
is to ensure effective and efficient enforcement of
those regulations. The process of enforcement
begins with the clear designation of the city
department responsible for the enforcement of
specific ordinances or codes. One existing gap
that has been identified is the enforcement of
ordinances related to solid waste, especially bulky
items placed around dumpsters. Several
enforcement strategies have been implemented,
but none have been found to be efficient in the
abatement of such violations or effective in
achieving positive long-term results.
Nuisance Abatement Process
The enforcement process itself is as important as
the assignment of the enforcement responsibility.
Enforcement of any law must be swift and sure
in order to achieve maximum results. However,
when addressing the appearance of private
property, there is generally a desire to balance the
need to abate the violation efficiently with the
need to provide the property owner sufficient
notice and time to do so.
For example, the current ordinance defines high
grass and weeds as at least 12 inches high. The
Code Enforcement procedure for abating this
violation is as follows:
· Written notice of a violation in the form of
a "door hanger" at the location with re-
inspection in seven days.
· If, upon re-inspection, the violation still
exists, notification by certified letter to the
property owner, with re-inspection in
fourteen days.
· If, upon re-inspection, the violation still
exists, it is abated by the City and
administrative and mowing fees are
assessed to the property owner.
· If the property owner does not pay the
fees, the fees are attached in the form of a
lien against the property.
· A subsequent violation during the same
mowing season requires written
notification by certified mail to the
property owner with re-inspection in
fourteen days.
As illustrated, grass and weeds on private property
must be at least one foot high before any
enforcement action can be taken and then may
grow for an additional 21 days before action will
be taken to have the property mowed. The process
requires significant staff time to perform the
required inspections and notifications, with
additional costs for certified mail, and the
processing of work orders for the mowing
contractor. The current administrative fee is
$80.00. This fee and the mowing fees are
oftentimes not recovered until the lien is paid at
the time the property is sold. The abatement
process is similar for trash and debris and junked
vehicle violations.
Nuisance
violations
19
Other Cities
Other cities maintain a much shorter process,
most commonly seven to ten days from the time
of notification to the time the City abates a
violation. Most cities provide only one notice per
calendar year and subsequent violations during
that year are abated with no additional notice. The
administrative fees range from $105.00 to $200.00
per violation abated.
CASE STUDY
Cost Recovery
In order to ensure that costs are recovered,
Washington D.C. passed the Litter Control
Administration Amendment Act in 2000. This act
authorizes the District to levy and collect special
assessments for the costs and expenses incurred due
to the abatement of nuisances. For example, when a
property owner allows litter to accumulate on his
land, and the District cleans it, the property owner
will be billed for the service. The 'special
assessment' is collected at the same time and in the
same manner as ordinary real property taxes--that is,
annually.
The Landscape Ordinance
The Denton Development Code contains
landscape guidelines specified for new
development. However, the recent development
of the Flow Hospital site raised questions about
the effectiveness of the enforcement of the
Landscape Ordinance, particularly with regard to
mass grading and tree removal activities.
Per Subchapter 18 - Land Disturbing Activities,
the Code reads:
35.18.6 Plan Evaluation Criteria
· Appropriate footprint sizes and
development are designed with the natural
terrain and drainage of the site ....
· Mass cutting, filling, benching, or terracing
of existing slopes to create additional or
larger building sites are prohibited.
Alternative treatments, such as building the
structure with the slopes of the natural
terrain, internal or external building
retaining walls are used, and low retaining
walls on the site to reduce site grading are
used instead of mass site grading.
· Demonstrates reasonable preservation of
trees and understory and that the following
criteria is demonstrated in selection of trees
to be preserved or removed ....
Per Subchapter 13 - Site Design Standards: The
purpose and intent of site design standards is "to
regulate the manner in which land in the City is
used and developed, to minimize adverse effects
on surrounding property owners or the general
public, and to ensure that high quality
development is maintained through out the
community."
As part of Denton's site design standards,
landscape and tree canopy requirements were
adopted. The current requirements are based on
the city's zoning districts. The percentage of
landscape area ranges from 10% to 75% with the
tree canopy requirements ranging from 20% to
50%. Street trees are required for all development
on public and private streets.
Landscape maintenance is required for all
development, excluding single family and duplex
properties. The person or company that receives
the final certificate of occupancy is responsible for
maintaining all of the plant material in a healthy,
growing condition at all times. If any plant
material dies, it must be removed immediately and
replaced as soon as possible or a notice of
landscape violation will be issued. The person or
2O
company holding the certificate of occupancy is
subject to fines if compliance is not met within 90
days after notification by the City of DeNon.
With current staffing levels in
Planning/Developmem and in Code Enforcemem,
oversight on landscaping after the initial
inspection cannot be done.
Resources
In order to more effectively ensure the desired
appearance of a community, enforcemem action
must be proactive rather than exclusively reactive.
If the initiation of enforcement action is based
solely on the receipt of complains from citizens,
compliance standards will be inconsistemly
enforced and inconsistently realized throughout
the community. In order to perform proactive
inspections and follow-up, sufficient resources
must be allocated to those departments
responsible for the enforcement of those
ordinances.
ADJUDICATION
City and Judicial Support
The effectiveness of enforcement is ultimately
determined by the adjudication of that
enforcement action. As such, it is imperative that
enforcemem be given sufficiem support by both
the governing body and the judiciary of the court
in which such cases are filed. If such support is
not received, then the credibility of the ordinance
being enforced is weakened and future compliance
is compromised.
Environmental Courts
Some cities have created special courts to hear
cases that involve violations of ordinances related
to appearance. These courts are considered civil
in nature, rather than criminal, and provide the
opportunity for expanded knowledge of the
ordinances. Further, courts with such narrow
focus, created for the express purpose of
adjudicating such cases, would be expected to
provide greater support for such ordinances.
ENFORCEMENT INITIATIVES
· Support stronger enforcemem of city
ordinances (including the Developmem
Code) by reviewing the currem framework
and operating system, and developing
strategies for improved effectiveness and
efficiency.
· Support effective implementation of the
existing Landscape Ordinance by
appropriately staffing for landscape
inspections.
· Consider adoption of codes related to litter,
illegal dumping, parking on unimproved
surfaces, storage of indoor furniture on
porches, and graffiti.
· Ensure that city facilities are compliant
with local ordinances that govern
appearance.
CONCLUSION
Economically prosperous cities share certain
characteristics; among them is that undeniable
aesthetic appeal that gives them a clear advantage
in attracting tourists, residents and businesses.
Recognizing aesthetics as an integral part of
developing and maimaining a favorable public
image will play a critical role in DeMon's
community and economic developmem.
Therefore, a purposeful and unwavering
commitmem to community aesthetics through
implementation of The Denton Plan, enforcement
of the Code of Ordinances, corridor designation
and preservation, master planned beautification,
and litter reduction should yield the results Denton
residems and businesses want--a beautiful place
to live, learn, work, and play.
21
Attachment A
Simulated Streetscape Improvements
Attachment B
City of Batavia
NY Route 5 - Main Street Reconstruction
Existing Photographs and Simulations
Existing Proposed
Conditions Site Locations Simulations
Lewiston Road
(NY Route 63)
Tonawanda Creek
Government Square
at Ellicott Street
Government Square
at Jefferson Avenue
NY Route 5 Westbound
at Jackson Street
NY Route 5 Eastbound
at Bank/Center Street
Liberty Street Intersection
Attachment C Photo Survey of Dallas Drive
Attachment C Photo Survey of Dallas Drive
Attachment D
Photo Survey of Ft. Worth Drive & Carroll Blvd.
Attachment D Photo Survey of Ft. Worth Drive & Carroll Blvd.
Attachment ECollege Station's Northgate Student Community
Attachment E College Station's Northgate Student Community
Northgate, located on University
Drive adjacent to the Texas A&M
campus, originated in the early 1900's
to provide commercial services at the
northern gate of the university. A
butcher shop, shoe repair, tailor,
barber, and photo gallery were some
of the first services to be offered.
Until the 1920's, Northgate was the
only commercial area within the
vicinity of campus.
SPARK'S BUILDING
LOUPOT~S BOOKSTORE
The 1930's through 1950's
brought many new businesses
and homes into the rapidly
expanding area. The added
number of homes provided an
increased customer base,
which helped Northgate
businesses thrive. Growth
continued into the 1950's and
1960's and brought a large
number of restaurants and
specialty shops into the area.
TRADITION DORMITORY
SATCHELS RESTAURANT
Northgate has seen continued
expansion of both commercial and
residential areas through the
redevelopment and new
development of the area. The
Northgate Merchant's Association,
founded in 1975, works to address
problems in traffic, appearance, and
publicity within the area. The
group also organizes street public
events, concerts, and festivals, such
as North by Northgate, that are
highly popular. Today, the once
small commercial area is now home
to many unique and successful
restaurants, bars, specialty shops,
and homes.
NORTHGATE PUBLIC GARAGE
Public Investment & Commitment
Public Parking Garage
And Patricia Street
Parking Lot
Church St.
Improvements
Second Street Plaza
& Promenade
Utility Master Plan
Opened in August 2001, this $6.8 million facility can accommodate
approximately 700 vehicles for area residents and businesses and
has a historic urban design.
The rehabilitation of Church Street is now complete. The project
includes curb and gutter, storm drainage, sidewalks with brick-pavers
and historic street lighting.
The bid for construction of the Second Street Plaza has just been
awarded. The Plaza will be developed in the Second Street
right-of-way between the Tradition Dorm and the Northgate Parking
Garage. Its design includes increased public space, brick-pavers, and
a place designated for displaying public art. The Promenade also
adds to the area's public meeting and event space.
The Utility Master Plan for water, wastewater, roadways, and other
improvements will facilitate the infrastructure and development of
the area.
Private Developments
Private Dormitory
· Satchels
· Texadelphia
Northgate Center
Spirit Development's construction of a private dormitory on Second
Street and Boyett allows students close access to the Texas A&M
campus. This dormitory, named The Tra#/f/o,, can accommodate
approximately 800 students and has retail space on the ground floor.
This new steak house and barbecue restaurant adds to the area's
diverse entertainment and eating establishments. The restaurant has
taken advantage of the City's Fagade Improvement Program.
A sandwich restaurant has been established on the corner of
College Main and the entrance to the Patricia Street parking lot.
Sample of Area Businesses
Burger Boy · Caf~ Eccell · Coup DeVille's · Crooked Path · Cycles Etc. · Dixie Chicken · Duddley's Draw ·
Fitzwilly's · Freebird's Burritos · La Bodega · Loupot's Bookstore · Northgate Barber Shop · Papa Johns ·
Shadow Canyon · Smoothie King · Subway · University Book Store · University Copy Center
Attachment F
Use of TEA Funds
Attachment F Use of TEA Funds
Attaclunent G
ELrL BP. oc :
MAYOR
October 15, 2003
Texas Department of Transportation
Patrick Haigh
Dallas District Landscape Architect
PO Box 3067
Dallas, TX 75221-3067
Dear Mr. Haigh,
This letter is a formal request from the City of Denton, to take part in the Texas
Department of Transportation's Green Ribbon Program. As an air quality
mitigation initiative designed to help address deteriorating air quality conditions in
Texas cities, this program would greatly benefit Denton,
Staff members from: our Parks and Recreation Department, Engineering
Department and Keep, Denton Beautiful have met to discuss the fu[ure of
implementing this program in our community. We are requesting that US Hwy
77, US 380 East and 'West, Loop 288, and Teasley Lane/FM 2181 be considered
for program funding. All of these roadways are currently under construction or
are slated for construction within the next five years.
At this time, we are requesting that the landscape design phase begin on US
Hwy 77 since it is currently under construction and is scheduled for completion
by September 2004.
Thank you for this opportunity to partner with TXDOT to: reduce the negative
enviro, nmental impact of our expanding roadways as well as to enhance the
aesthetic appeal of our community.
Sincerely,
Euline Brock
Mayor
CITY OF DENTON
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
215 EAST McKINNEY STREET ' DEr'TON, TEXAS 76201 ' (940) 349-7717 · FAX (940) 349-8596 · mayor~cityofdenton,com
Attachment H
FOR IMMEDIATE ~LEASE
May 28, 2003
Contact: Lanchie Bentley, Pro.am Manager, 940-349-7770
1117 Rinev Road · Denton, TX 76207 · 940-349-8537 · fax 940-349-8396
Keep Denton Beautiful, !nc. is an affiliate, of Keep Texas Beautiful and Keep AmeriCa ~aut~ful, ln.c.
Keep Denton Beautiful wins s,tatewide award
Keep Denton Beanfifal is the recipient of the 2003 Governor's Community Achievement Award from Keep Texas Beautiful for its
outstanding grassroots environmental efforts~ The award, in the population category 50,001 - t 00,000, includes a $130,000
landscaping grant provided by the Texas Department of Transportation for state-maintained highways in the community,
"This award is a direct result of a successful combination of outstanding volunteers,, outstanding staff and a fantastic partnership
with the City of Deilton Parks and Recreation Department," said Jean Greenlaw, president of Keep Denton Beautiful. "Keep Denton
Beautiful focuses on numerous projects ~oughout the year. Volunteers come in not just because they believe in the mission but
also because they have specific envkonmental interests, such as wildflowers, the urban forest, or litter preventions"
Keep Denton Beautiful also won the Governor's Community Achievement Award in 1990, 1993 and 1997. Grant money from
those awards financed the median landscaping projects on University Drive, Dallas Drive, and Fort Worth Dhve.
Ranging in population from 980 in Clint to almost two million in Houston, the nine winning communities were chosen for the/r
achievements in community leadership, litter prevention, public awareness, education~ solid waste management, recycling, illegal
dumping enforcement, and beautification. Winners also demonstrated strong corrLmuni~ parmersliips and volunteer efforts in their
pro,grams throughout the last year.
"These nine wimng communities reflect the true Texas Spirit,' said Donna Albus, president of Keep Texas Beautiful "They are
an inspiration to us all. We are so appreciative of the pride in their community that they exemplify through thek efforts in a multitude
of events."
The Governor's Community Achievement Awards will be formally presented to the winners during the 36~ Annual Keep Texas
Beautiful Conference in Dallas July 8-11 at the Renaissance Dallas Hotel,
The Governor's Community Achievement Awards have been sponsored by Keep Texas Beautiful since 1969 and funded by the
Texas Depmnt of Transportation s~ce 1986,
Attactunent I
Maintenance & Enforcement
Introduction
'¢7~- he image of a community--its viability as a place to live, work and prosper is to a great
extent determined by the condition and appearance of both public and private properties and
structures. The degree of care applied to public and private buildings, roads, sidewalks, parks,
utilities, trees, landscaping, signage and other urban features reflect directly the vision and
values Denton's residents hold for their city
Policies
L..~ All paved sudaces, including streets, alleys, parking spaces, ramps, and side-
walks within the public right-of-way will be developed and maintained in accor-
dance with adopted standards.
iil,;i All signage, lighting, site furniture and transit-related improvements within
the public right-of-way will be developed and maintained in accordance with adopted
standards.
ii_~ The city will adopt maintenance standards for public and private facilities that
enhance and support Denton's image and appearance.
.3 Provide a level of enforcement that ensures the standards are applied uni-
formly to all areas and structures in the city and that ensures the standards are
not used as an, instrument for harassment of any person.
Maintenance & Enforcement Goals & Strategies
/~aintenance g Enforcement Goa/s
..;f Maximize the service life and performance of paved surfaces by maintaining
them in accordance with adopted standards and practices. Maximize the life an,d
protect the investment value of trees and other landscape placed in the public
right-of-way
73 Promote community pride and economic values while curtailing the expan-
sion of urban blight. Establish measurable goals based on identified community
needs. Pursue violations actively rather than reactively Remember that compli-
ance is the primary objective while penalties and/or punishment are secondary
,...,~ Routinely assess results for effectiveness by determining whether regula-
tions are understandable and readily enforceable. Educate the community of ordi-
nances to prevent future violations.
Attachment J
AGENDA INFORMATION SHEET
AGENDA DATE: April 10, 2001
DEPARTMENT: Police
ACM: Jon Fortune
SUBJECT
Receive a staff report, hold a discussion and provide staff direction regarding the
regulation of vehicles parked on residemial lawns.
BACKGROUND: The City has no ordinance specifically prohibiting the parking of
vehicles on residemial lawns. In 1985, staff researched this issue and presemed the
attached ordinance to Council for consideration. The proposed ordinance prohibited the
parking or storage of any motor vehicle, boat, travel trailer or trailer on an unimproved
area of the from yard of any one-family, two-family or multi-family dwelling. It did
include a "grandfather clause" that provided a defense to prosecution if the dwelling was
constructed prior to the adoption of the ordinance and there was no asphalt or concrete
space on the lot. On September 17, 1985, the Council declined to adopt the ordinance
and directed staff to perform a more in-depth study of the issue.
While researching the issue in 1985, staff contacted numerous cities throughout the State,
including Addison, Arlington, Bedford, Carrollton, Dallas, Garland, Lewisville,
Mesquite, Plano and Richardson. With the exception of Dallas and Bedford, all of the
named cities maimained ordinances prohibiting the parking of vehicles on residemial
from yards. The ordinances required, without exception, all vehicles to be parked on an
asphalt, concrete or similar surface. In the preparation of this report, staff contacted the
named cities again and found no change in the ordinances. Those cities with such an
ordinance reported no complaints about the restriction and had experienced no
difficulties in gaining compliance once the owner of the vehicle was notified of a
violation. Those cities also report an observable improvement in the appearance of
neighborhoods.
Staff searched both the currem Code of Ordinances and the pending Denton
Development Code for definitions of the types of vehicles referred to in this report.
Definitions are not included in both Codes for all vehicles. Staff is working with the
Planning Department to develop definitions that can be consistently used in future
ordinances. The following definitions are provided as a reference as this issue is
discussed.
Under the currem Demon Code, a motor vehicle is "every vehicle which is se~'propelled
and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power obtained~/kom overhead trolley
wire, but not operated on rails."
The current Denton Code defines a recreational vehicle as a "vehicular, portable
structure built on a chassis, designed to be used as a temporary dwelling, sel~:propelled
or to be towed behind a motor vehicle, without special permit being needed, of a gross
weight of not more than four thousand five hundred (4500) pounds and having an overall
length of not more than 28feet. The Denton Development Code defines a recreational
vehicle as "a motorized vehicle, designed and/or maintained]bt use as a temporary
dwelling or sleeping place for travel or recreation purposes exclusively, having no
foundation other than wheels or jacks."
Trailer is defined in the Denton Development Code as "a non-motorized vehicle, pulled
by an automobile or truck, designed and/or maintainedJbr use as a temporary dwelling
or sleeping place for travel or recreational purposes exclusively.
This issue consists of three distinct situations. There are residences, which, due to the
number of licensed drivers residing in the house, have more vehicles than the paved
driveway will accommodate and are located on streets that preclude street parking, such
as Carroll Boulevard. Secondly, there are residents who own motor homes, travel
trailers, boats or utility trailers and use the front yard of their residence as storage for
such vehicles. The third situation involves the storage of junked vehicles in the front
yard or other areas of the property.
A junked vehicle is defined in Section 20-41 of the Code of Ordinances as a motor
vehicle that is inoperative and
(1) does not display a valid and current vehicle registration or motor vehicle
safety inspection certificate; or
(2) is wrecked, dismantled, partially dismantled or discarded; or
(3) remains inoperable for a continuous period of more than forty-five (45) days.
Section 20-48 of the Code of Ordinances provides guidelines for the removal of junked
vehicles from private or public property. However, it provides an exception for an
operable or inoperable antique or special interest vehicle stored by a collector on the
collector's property if the vehicle and the outdoor storage area are maintained in a
manner so that they do not constitute a health hazard and are screened from ordinary
public view by means of a fence, rapidly growing trees, shrubbery or other appropriate
means. Section 20-41 defines an antique auto as a passenger car or truck that was
manufactured in or before 1925 or is at least thirty-five (35) years old. A special interest
vehicle is defined as a motor vehicle of any age that has not been altered or modified
from the original manufacturer's specifications and, because of its historic interest, is
being preserved by hobbyists.
Allowing trees or shrubbery to provide screening is an inherent flaw as those plants may
provide sufficient screening in the spring and summer, but may fail to provide such
screening in the fall and winter when they shed their leaves. Additionally, under prior
administrations, the placement of a tarp over a junked vehicle has been interpreted as
sufficient screening. The current enforcement policy requires a junked vehicle to be
concealed by a cover specifically manufactured for use as a car cover. Those individuals
who have been allowed to cover the vehicle with tarps are instructed to replace the tarp
with a legitimate car cover when the tarp wears out to the point of being an ineffective
screening device.
An individual maimaining a junked vehicle in violation of City ordinance is served with
written notification of the violation. The property is inspected in seven days and, if the
violation has not been corrected, a certified letter is sent to the owner of the property and
another inspection is performed fourteen days after the letter is mailed. If the violation
still exists, staff attempts to contact the owner. If the violation still exists, a case is filed
in Municipal Court and the vehicle may be towed. This process was implememed and
approved by the City Council approximately two years ago in response to a significam
number of complaints received from citizens who felt they were not provided sufficient
notice and opportunity to abate violations prior to enforcement action being taken.
OPTIONS
1. The Council can direct staff to prepare an ordinance that would prohibit the parking
of any vehicle on an unimproved area of the from yard of a residence.
2. The Council can direct staff to prepare an ordinance that would restrict the parking of
specific vehicles on an unimproved area of the from yard of a residence.
3. The Council can direct staff to conduct further research and consider this issue at a
later meeting.
4. The Council can direct staff to take no further action regarding this issue.
RECOMMENDATION: Staff has no recommendation. Staff will proceed following
specific direction from Council.
PRIOR ACTION/REVIEW: As stated, Council considered and declined to adopt such
an ordinance in 1985.
FISCAL IMPACT: None.
Respectfully submitted,
Prepared by:
Scott Langford
Support Operations Lieutenant
Gary L. Matheson
Chief of Police