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HomeMy WebLinkAbout06-08-1993 T CITY COUNCIL AGENDA PACKET JUNE 8, 1993 AW4 1 AGENDA DaN CITY OF D£NTON CITY COUNCIL 3 June 8, 1993 Special Call Session of the City of Denton City Council on Tuesday, June 8, 1993 at 5:15 P.M. in the Civil Defense Room of City Hall, 215 E. McKinney, Denton, Texas at which the following items will be considered: NOTE: THE CITY COUNCIL RESERVES THE RIGHT TO ADJOURN INTO EXECUTIVE SESSION AT ANY TIME REGARDING ANY ITEM FOR WHICH IT IS i LEGALLY PERMISSIBLE. 5:15 p.m. 1. Executive Session: i A. Legal Matters Under Sec. 2(e), Art. 6252-17 V.A.T.R. 1. Consider offer of settlement in the matter of the application of Bolivar Water Supply Corporation for an amendment to CCN No. 11257; Docket Nos. )824-C and 9447-C of the Public Utilities Commission. B. Real Estate Under Sec. 2(f), Art. 6252-17 V.A.T.S. C. Personnel/Board Appointments Under Sec. 2(g), Art. 6252-17 V.A.T.S. 2. Presentation by Hennington, Durham and Richardson (HDR) regarding the preliminary solid waste master plan and receive a briefing on the scup of work regarding the proposed contract with HDR for engine-+ring services for landfill permitting and design. 3. Receive a report and hold a discussion regarding automation for the Library, Police and Fire Department and give staff direction. 4. Receive a report and hold a discussion regarding a proposed amendment to the grass and weeds ordinance as it applies to properties over two acres in size and provide clarification to regulations in regards to wildflowers and give staff direction. 5. Receive a report and hold a discussion regarding a fixed asset inventory. 6. Distribution of the results of the revised Gudget Priority Questionnaire. 1 1 f Agenda No. _ Agendalt r- _ (lase City of Denton City Council Agenda rj June 8, 1993 Page 2 Regular Meeting of the City of Denton Cicy Council on Tuesday, June 8, 1993 at 7:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers of City Hall, 215 E. McKinney, Denton, Texas at which the following items will he considered: 7:00 p.m. 1. Pledge of Allegiance 2. Citizen Reports A. Receive a citizen report from Derrell Bulls regarding special Olympics. 3. Consider a request from the Lone Star Barrel Racing Association for an exemption to the noise ordinance on Sunday June 13, 1993 from 1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. 4. Consider adoption of an ordinance authorizing the issuance, sale and delivery of City of Denton Utility System Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series 1993, and approving and authorizing instruments and procedures relating thereto. 5. Consider adoption of an ordinance authorizing the issuance, sale and delivery of City of Denton General obligation Refunding Bands, Series 1993A, and approving and authorizing instruments and procedures relating thereto. b. Consider approval of a resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute, on behalf of the City of Denton, an interlocal agreement with the City of Roanoke for the provision of services associated with the holding and disposing of dogs and cats for the City of Roanoke; and authorizing city personnel to collect fees associated with all interlocal agreements for services provided by the City pursuant to said agreements. 7. Consider a motion indicating a preference for a firm to 1 collect delinquent taxes and authorize the Executive Director 1 for Finance to negotiate a contract for consideration by the City Council. 8. Miscellaneous matters from the City Manager. J 9. New Business This item provides a section for Council Members to suggest items for future agendas. r Apenaa Na ~I3 --~~Y~~ Agendalt City of Denton City Council Agenda ✓c9f` June 8, 1993 Page 3 I 10. Official Action on Executive Session Items: A. Legal Matters B. Real Estate C. Personnel D. Board Appointments I 11. New Business This item provides a section for Council Members to suggest items for future agendas. 12. Executive Session: A. Legal Matters Under sec. 2(e), Art. 6252-17 V.A.T.S. B. Real Estate Under Sec. 2(f), Art. 6252-17 V.A.T.S. C. Personnel/Board Appointments Under Sec. 2(g), Art. 6252-17 V.A.T.S. NOTE: THE CITY COUNCIL RESERVES THE RIGHT TO ADJOURN INTO 1 EXECUTIVE SESSION AT ANY TIME REGARDING ANY ITEM FOR WHICH IT IS LEGALLY PERMISSIBLE. C E R T I F I C A T E I certify that the above notice of meeting was posted on the bulletin board at the City Hall of the City of Denton, Texas, on the day of (p m.) , 1993 at o'clock {a.m.} CITY SECRETARY NOTE: THE CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL CHAMBERS IS ACCESSIBLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT. THE CITY WILL PROVIDE SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED IF REQUESTED AT LEAST 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE SCHEDULED MEETING. PLEASE CALL THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE AT 566-8309 OR USE TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES FOR THE DEAF (TDD) BY CALLING 1-800-RELAY-TX SO THAT A SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETER CAN BE SCHEDULED THROUGH THE CITY SECRETARY'S OFFICE. AC00011B T 1 +4 i y 1. .sy i ~r o c w c e ♦ F, r ~ w 0~~ 0/ 9 U ar June 8, 1993 tt f, ' I i I + i CITY COUNCIL REPORT FORMAT T0: MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL II FROM: Lloyd V. Harrell, City Manager 1 SUBJ: Presentation by Henninson, Durham, Richardson (HDR) of the Preliminary Solid Waste Master Plan and Review Contract with HDR For Engineering Services For Landfill Permitting and Design RECOMMENDATIONt The Public Utility Board and Staff recommend approval of the contract with HDR for Engineering Services for Landfill Permitting and Design. SUMMARY/BACKGROUND: In November 1992, the Utility Department solicited Requests For Qualifications (RFQ's) from several firms to provide engineering services to assist in permitting and to design an expansion of Denton's landfill and to develop an integrated Solid Waste Management plan which includes a comprehensive master plan. Five (5) firma submitted proposals and the PUB interviewed three of those firms in December 1992. At that meeting the PUB decided to hire two of the firms to prepare preliminary master plans and present those to the PUB so that they could determine which firm could best help Denton achieve a quality comprehensive Solid Waste plan. On April 12, 19931 the two firms presented their concepts of a master plan for Denton. As a result, the PUB selected HDR as the best firm to provide master plan and landfill permitting and design services for Denton. HDR will present their preliminary Solid Waste master plan concept to the Council at the Council work session of June 8, 1993. Also, HDR's Contract for Engineering Services for Landfill Permitting and Design will be reviewed with the Council at the June 8th meeting and presented for consideration at the June 15th Council meeting. This contract is a Six Phase Contract to address Denton's Solid Waste Issues. These six phases are: Agoads No Agendalt ) J/, C2 We City Council Report Format HDR Presentation C 1. Development of a comprehensive Master Plan II. Address current landfill for Subtitle D requiremAnts (must be done by October 1993). III. Design and Permitting of a new landfill adjacent to existing landfill. r IV. Project management of new landfill V. Assist Denton in obtaining any other permits needed to implement Solid Waste master plan Vi. Design and permitting of other Solid Waste Facilities (such as a composting facility, centralized materials recovery facility (MRF), etc.) f The Contract under consideration on June 8th includes the Scope of work and the "not" to exceed" fee for Phases II 6 III. The Scope of Services and Fees for Phases I (Master Plan) will be brought to the Council in July after the staff and PUB has had the opportunity to assure a Scope of Services for the Master Plan that includes a good level of Community Involvement and Input. Phases IV, V, 6 VI are optional. If after Phases I, II 6 Ill are completed, HDR is deemed the appropriate firm to manage the construction of the Landfill (Phaso IV), 1 secure additional permits (Phase V), design a Materials Recycling Facility - MRF, etc., (Phase VI) or assist in managing the landfill for the first year then additional Scopes of Services and Fees will be developed for Council consideration. The Preliminary Master Plan outlines that regardless of how extensive Denton gets into recycling, composting etc. Denton will need additional landfill space. Because of the many location benefits of the existing landfill, it is appropriate to first consider expanding at the existing site rather than attempt to locate at an entirely different site, Also, in the short term, Denton I will need to respond to certain "Subtitle D" criteria for Denton's existing landfill and that work is covered under I Phase Ii. a 2 Agenda NO Agenda[ [ate - ; City Council Report Format HDR Presentation C The preliminary master plan recommends that Denton proceed with: A. Solid Waste Source reduction programs. These programs should include: r 1. Developing an extensive public re- lation program for source reduction. 2. Developing/promoting a "Don't Bag It" lawn waste program. 3. Establishing a Corporate Recycling Council to promote 6 assist business /commercial products waste recycling 4. Help develop strong educational pro- grams at DISD, UNT and TWU. 5. Developing residential and commer- cial volume based rate structures to encourage Waste reduction. b. Developing a strong educational pro- gram regarding household hazardous wastes. B. Recycling Collection, Processing and Reuse Programs. These programs should include: 1. Developing an extensive public rela- tion program for recycling. 2. Continuing operation of citizen drop off centers and developing a long term program to collect residential recyclables. Establishing recycla- ble programs for cardboard and high quality business type paper. 3. Construction of A centralized Mate- rial Recovery Facility (MRF). 4. Development of programs promoting the use of recycled materials. 3 ~ rdaNo r Apendaltent_~_( pate City Council Report Format HDR Presentation 1 i 5. Institution of in-house recycling programs for City generated ro- cyclabler. C. CoMoosting Proogram This program should includes 1. Encouraging residents to reduce yard waste by use of backyard composting. 2. Develcpinent of a centralized com- posting facility and possibly set- ting a fee for collection of yard wastes. 3. Coordinating centralized composting , with Wastewater Plant Sludge Dis- posal Programs. D. Refuse derived fuel 1. Evaluate the feasibility of building a refuse fueled boiler to supplement steam requirements for Denton's Electrical Power Plant. i Many of the programs will require substantial public coordination, education and input. The entire effort is anticipated to occur over the next five years. 1 Under separate cover is HDR's Preliminary Master Plan for Municipal Solid Waste. Also under separate cover is the report by EMCON-Baker Shiflet who also performed a Preliminary Master Plan for Denton's Municipal Solid Waste. Although the P. U. B. has recommended the firm of 1 HDR and therefore HDR's basic Solid Waste Master Plan concept, it is appropriate to analyze EMCON-Baker Shiftlet's basic Master Plan concept to determine if Denton would desire to incorporate some of their ideas into Denton's final Master Plan. 4 I I AoendaNo ~ Nendalterr -~9~ Date -.-1 _c~)_ r; Exhibit I is the Scope of Services for Phase II and Phase III of the HDR contract. The staff will review these at the work session. FISCAL IMPACTS The contract amount is based upon an hourly cost times a multiplier with a fee not to exceed. The total not to exceed amount of $5840025 has been broken down by phase/task in order to provide for a high level of I administrative control. The amount allocated to each phase iss I PHASES MpUNT/STATUS Phase I To Be Determined Phase II (Estimated) $61,245 (Current Landfill - Sub-Title D) Phase II (Preliminary) ;49,510 (Current Landfill - Sub-Title D) Phase IIIa (Estimated) ;38,610 (Landfill Design) Phase IIIb (Preliminary) $434,660 Phase IV To Be Determined Phase V To Be Determined Phase VI To Be Determined Phase I fee is pending development of a detailed Scope of Work. The Phase II estimated amount of $61,245 is based upon those elements of dollars the proposed Sub-Title D Regulations which we expect must be addressed. The Phase II preliminary amount of $49,510 is based upon elements which Denton may tie required to address. Hopefully the Texas Water Commission (TWC) will be satisfied with Denton's current documentation and will not require the repetitive effort. If so, Denton could save these monies. 5 I Data i The Phase IIIa (Landfill preliminary engineering and i permitting) estimated amount of $38,610 is based upon 1 those activities necessary to analyze an.' d 9lineate the engineering requirement for expansion of ,.s existing landfill. The Phase IIIb (Landfill expansion design) preliminary amount of $434,660 is based upon HDR's assumption that the TWC will be very definitive, realistic and reasonable regarding the interpretation and application of regulations currently being developed. These regulations are imposing practices and procedures which have never been required in Texas before, over application, extreme caution or ambiguity could result in a great deal of costly unproductive effort. The amounts for Phases IV, V and VI are dependent upon tho results of Phase I, II and III. Scopes of Work and fees will be developed for each phase at the appropriate time. All fees provided are based upon HDR providing 100 percent of the engineering services. However, the contract does recognize that Denton currently has some engineering staff to provide a portion of the support services. If in place for the entire agreement, the actual amount billed is estimated to reflect a 10 to 25 percent savings. The multiplier is broken down into two parts. Salary overhead, (benefits) is determined by multiplying the bare salary times 0.35. Operating overhead is determined by multiplying base salary times 1.70. 1 The multipliers for direct cost and subconsultants are 1.00 and 1.10 respectively. The total Multiplier of 3.05 times direct salary is approximately equal to those Denton Municipal Utilities { has been able to negotiate on previous engineering agreements. i 1 6 1 I { Agendas Date NT CQ~ .C~ r~ The actual fee is determined by adding bare salary plus j salary overhead plus operating overhead plus direct cost plus subconsuitant fees. The contract amount does not include the cost of support services such as surveying and testing. Denton anticipates contracting for these directly and avoiding the 10 percent markup for subconsultants. SOURCE OF FUNDS: The Source of funds is anticipated to be from certificates of obligations. These engineering costs will be capitalized. Respectfully submitted: i yd-V Harre 1, City 7sr ~',)d by: I R. E. Nelson, Executive Director Utilities Department I 7 y _ I "VOI I YO IIY Cf ) Ageudallsk r , ~ dale r ~(1 tf.l.~cY r J r c I J 'I AGREEMENT j BETWEEN CITY OF OWNER , TEXAS 1 AND HDR ENGINEERING, INC. FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR THE SANITARY LANDFILL INITIAL SITE DEVELOPMENT JUNE S. 1993 I { i id 14 U00-0 V12) dE 1430 6%3 8CH WdIS160 E6, h0 Nnt AgenONo -t C AgendaiferrLl X&8LE. QF_CDN1E= {ate _ IDENTIFICATION OF THE PARTIES DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT SECTION 1--BASIC SERVICES 1.1 Description of Basic Services SECTION 2-ADDITIONAL. SERVICES 2.1 General 2.2 Subcontract Services Provide by Others 2.3 Other Additional Services SECTION 3--OWNER'S RESPONSIBILITIES 3.1 Owner's Representative 3.2 Provide Existing Data 3.3 Provide Standards 3.4 Provide Professional Services by Others 3.5 Provide Land Surveys 3.6 Provide Access 3.7 Examine Documents 3.8 Provide Environmental Studies 3.9 Provide Aocounting and Other Services 3.10 Provide Advertising 3.11 Provide Prompt Notice 3.12 . Approvals and Decisions SECTION 4•-PERIODS OF SERVICE 4.1 General 4.2 Completion of Services 4.3 Bidding Phase • Not Usod 4.4 Construction Phase • Not Used 4.5 Changes 4.6 Prompt Authorizations to Proceed • Not Used 4.7 Delay SECTION 6--PAYMENTS TO ENGINEER 5.1 Payment Terms Defined 6.2 Basis and Amount of Compensation for Basic Services 5.3 Basis and Amount of Compensation for Additional Services 5.4 Intervals of Payments Under Lump Sum Basis of Payment 5.6 Other Provisions Concerning Payments SECTION 6--CONSTRUCTION COST AND OPINIONS OF COST - Not Used 4E/e'd iLbb-0%(t+t2) dE 1d30 b%3 21QH WWS160 M 00 Wr k P Agenda Na Agenda No Q _ SECTION 7--GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Agenda It 7.1 Standard of Care Date 7.2 Termination 7.3 Reuse of Documents 7.4 Engineer's Liability 7.5 Insurance 7.6 Controlling Law 7.7 Successors and Assigns 7.6 Equal Employment and Nondiscrimination 7.9 Indemnification 7.10 Construction Procedures 7.11 Authority to Execute This Agreement 7.12 Changes and Modifications 7.13 SeverabiiiVty and Waiver 7.14 Extent of Agreement APPENDIX--DETAILED SCOPE OF SERVICES,' L d iCbb-096fVi2) EE Id3a 8%3 WH wa;S160 E6. b0 Wnr I~ i AGREEMENT BETWEEN c CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS HDR ENGi EERING, INC. PROFESSIONAL. ENGINEERING SERVICES THIS AGREEMENT is made as of this 91h day of June, 1993, between City Denton, Texas, with principal offices at 215 East McKinney Street, Denton, Texas 762 201 hereinafter referred to as 'OWNER", and HDR Engineering, inc., with offices at 12700 Hillcrest Sle 125, Dallas, Texas, 75230, hereinafter referred to as `ENGINEER,, for engineering and professional services related to an integrated municipal solid waste management system, hereinafter called the "?ROJECT. OWNER and ENGINEER, in consideration of the mutual covenants contalned hereln, agree as follows; SECTION 1 • BASK SERVICES 1.1 Description of Basio Services 1.1.1 ENGINEER's basic services and responsibilities are described as follows and are further defined in the Appendix, Exhibit A, Scope of Services," which Is made part of this Agreement as If tut yl est forte herein. 1.1 .2 ENGINEER shall provide p ofessional servloes to OWNER as hereinafter vided. These services will int ode providing professional engineering consultation pro and advice and fumishinQQ civil, structural, me anlcal, electrical, and solid waste theret. nglneoering aerwces andrelated architectural and engineering services incidental e SECTION 2 • ADDITIONAL SERVICES 2.1 General The following Additional Services are not included in the Basio Services. They shall be the OWIJER as pro ded In this Agreement, I naddi ion to compensationbor Ba p sic by Services. 2.2 Subcontract Services Provided by Others ENGINEER shall coordinate the services of outside professionals who are under d!rect contract to the OWNER as Basic Services. However, if requested and authorized as Additional Services by the OWNER In writing, ENGINEER will provide for outside professional services on a subcontract basis and ENGINEER shall be compensated as Ag~reoment.ggmExamplesbof such senefees Include but NareNnotRrimlted tooland surveys, aerial pholography, topographic mapping, soil drilling and sampling, geoteohnical laborattory services, analytical laboratory services, archaeological aervloes and others. Denton • t June d, 1093 9E~s'd terr- 096(bt2) GE id3a M>43 aaH WFlt9160 E6, Pe Nnr y 498r~a ND 4g3nJd4~~ , 'f , 2.3 Olher Additional Services la l s' ; ' When requested and authorized by the OWNER, ENGINEER shall perform the following additional services and shall be paid by the OWNER as provided In this Agreement, In addition to compensation for Basic Services: 2.3.1 Performing Services rosultinp from aigniflcant changes in the general toope, extent or character of the PROJECT or its design Including, but not limited to, changes in size, complexity, OWNER's schedule, character of construction or method of financing, reviews of redesigns, revising previously accepted studies, reports, design documents or Contract Documents when such revisions are required by changes in laws, rules, regulations, regulatory interpretation, ordinances, codes or orders enacted subsequent to the pre aratlon of such studies reports or documents, or are due to any other causes beyond ?NGINEER's control. This includes those services resulting from the incorporation into ENGINEER's services of the Information required by Paragraph 3.2 which is fumished to Engineer after the slated time schedule. 2.3.2 Conducting bid administration services for contracted construction activiti Preparing documents of alternate, separate, or sequential bids or providing extras services n connection with bidding, n administration services or extra services Inatcioonnect onswith biddin?,neplottiation, or construction prior to the completion of the Permit A llcation and ndfilt Design, when j requested by the OWNc_R. pP 2,3,3 Providing any type of property surv7s or related engineering services needed for the transfer of inter® its in real property and Held surveys for des,yn purposes and engineeringp surveys and staking; and providing other special field surveys, except as described fn Exhibit A. 2.3.4 Preparing applications and supportin documents for private or govsmmenlal grants, loans or advances In connection wit the PROJECT, preparing or reviewing environmental Impact statements and assessments, reviewing and evaluating the effect on the design requirements of the PROJECT of any such statements and documents prepared by others and assisting in obtaining the approval of authorities having jurls. diction over the PROJECT, 2'3'6 Performing services to make measured drawings of, or to investigate existing conditions or fact ities, or to verity the accuracy of drawings or other fnfonnation fumished by OWNER. 2.3,6 Providing project scheduling services, i 2.3.7 Preparing documents for alternative proposals requested by OWNER for Contractor's Work which Is not executed or documents for out•of•sequence work. 2.3.8 Assisting the Owner with bid protests, rebidding or renegotiating contracts for oonslruction, materials ' pp , equipment or services. I hearriin , 11 igat on, arbitration or other legal r adm consultant alrative p9 cfor eeddw9 Invohrinn th PROJECT except as provided as Basic Services. g the 2.3.10 Performing services in connection with work directive changes and change orders to reflect changes requested by OWNER. Denton • 2 1 Juno 8, 1943 J 9E/9 'd [LDb-096cbt2) L£ 1d30 N9N3 WH WV2S;60 E6, ply wnr i i I •r Argendaltemt 2.3.11 Not used 2.3.12 Performing services during construction except as provided in Basco Services. 2.3.13 Performing additional Services in connection with the PROJECT, Including services which are to be furnished by OWNER In accordance with Section 3, and services not otherwise provided for In this Agreement. SECTION 3 - OWNER'S RESPONSIBILITIES So as not to delay the services of ENGINEER, OWNER shall do the following In a timely manner: 3.1 Owner's Representative I Designate In writing a person to act as OWNER's representative with respect to services to be rendered under this Agreement. Such person shall have complete authority to transmit instructions, recelve information, Interpret and define OWNER's policies and decisions with respect to ENGINEER's services for the PROJECT. 3.2 Provide Existing Data Provide to ENGINEER exleting data, plans, reports and other information known to, in possession of, or under control of OWNER which are relevant to the execution of ENGINEER's duties on the PROJECT. Also provide all criteria and full Information as to OWNER's requirements for the PROJECT, including design criteria, objoctlves and constraints, space, capacity and performance requirements, flexibility and expendability, and anyy bu eta Iimitationa and fumish copies of all design and construction standards which OWNER wi I require to be included In the Construction Plan and Specifications. 3.3 Provide Standards Provide within thirty (30) days after authorization to proceed with preparation of Construction Plan and Specifications, specific OWNER furnished Standard Details, Standard Specifications, or Standard Bidding Documents which are to be Incorporated Into the PROJECT, The OWNER agrees to bear total responsibility for technical accuracy and content of OWNER-famished docun:ants. 3.4 Provide Profeeslonal Services by Others Furnish the servicee of a driik•r, geotechnical laboratory, aerial photographer, analytical laboratory, land surveyor, toppooographer, or other consultants when such services are deemed necessary by ENGINEER. Such services shall Include without limitation, txxings, probings and subsurface explorations, hydrographlc surveys, laboratory teats end Inspections of samples, materials and equipment, with reports and appropriate professional recommendations. 3,6 Provide Land Surveys Provide land surveys to include property, boundary, easernent, right-of-way, topographic and utility surveys, property descriptions, zoning, deed or other land use restrictions. Denton - 3 June a. 11693 9Vz,d 1100-096(012) LE 1d3a d%J3 bGH WUN:60 E6. " Nnf W- -,Wwqw -VndaNo r-- i 3.6 Provide Access Arrange for access to, and make all provisions for, ENGINEER or ENGINEER's Subconsultants to enter upon public and private property as required for ENGINEER and ENGINEER's Subconsultants to perform services under this Agreement. 3.7 Examine Documents Examine all studies, reports, sketches, Drawings, Specifications, proposals and other documents presented by ENGINEER, obtain advice of an attomey, insurance counselor and other consultant., as OWNER deems appropriate for such examination and render in writing de (slons pertaining thereto within a reasonable time so as not to delay the services of ENGINEER. 3.8 Provide Environmental Studies Provide, if necessary Environmental Assessments, or Environmental Impact Statements related to the PROJECT. Furnish approvals and permits from all governmental authorities having jurisdiction over the PROJECT and approvals and consents from others as may be necessary for completion of the PROJECT. 3.9 Provide Accounting and Other Services Provide accounting, Independent cost estimating and Insurance counseling services as may be required for the PROJECT, legal services as OWNER may require or ENGINEER may reasonably request with regard to legal Issues pertaining to the PROJECT including any that may be raised by Contractor, auditing service as OWNER may require to ascertain how or for what purpose any Contractor has used the monies paid under the construction contract, and Inspection services as OWNER may require to asca,ta(n that Contractor Is compyIng with any laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, codes or orders applicable to his umtehing and performing, the Work. 3.10 Provide Advertising Advertise for proposals from bidders if applicable, open the proposals at an appointed time and place, and pay for all costs Incidental thereto. 3.11 Provide Prompt Notice Give prompt written notice to ENGINEER whenever OWNER observes or otherwise becomes aware of any condition that affects the soope or timing of ENGINEER's services. 3.12 Approvals and Decisions At no cost to ENGINEER, provide the above data and sarvicee and shall render approvals and decisions as is necessary for the orderly progress of ENGINEER's services. ENGINEER shall be entitled to rely upon the accuracy and completeness of all information and servloes provided by OWNER or at OWNER's direction, Denton • 4 June 8, 1993 9ci3'd SLD6-096(t i2) LB 1d3a d`-N3 baH 6►YSo60 M 40 N(lr i ~i agenda lfo , , / ` } Argvdaitem Cale SECTION 4 • PERIODS OF SERVICE 4.1 General The rates of compensation for ENGINEER'S services provided for In tghta Agreement , have i rough compleetion o to render services hereunder will extend th f the Sereviforcesapericc^odlnedwhichhtereinmayuSreasonabl~N(°iINEERberog anon yrs reqgtio for the performance of ENGINEER's services and any required extensions thereto. 4.2 Completion of Services ENGINEER's services under'each Phase shall be considered complete at the earlier of., 1 the date when the submissions for that phase have been accepted by OWNER, or 2~ alxty days after the dnte when such submissions are delivered to OWNER for final dis 1 such addif onal time as may be considerredarean ornabledorob ainingrapvproval oach use, governmental authorities having jurisdiction to approve the design of the PROJECT shall be added to that particular Phase. 4.3 Not Used 4.4 Plot Used 4.5 Changes If OWNER raquosts slQnificant modiffeaticns or changes In the gpeneral scope, extent or character of the PROJECT, the lime of performance of ENGINEER's services and the various rates of compensation shalt be adjusted equitably. 4s Not used 4.7 Delay If ENGINEER's design services or service during construction of the PROJECT are delayed or suspended in whole or In art reasons beyond ENGINEER's control, ENGINEER WNER shall on written demandtoyOWNER (but without termination of this Agrearnent) be paid as provided in paragraph 5,5.2. If such delis or suspension extends for more than one year for reasons beyond ENGINEEyA's control, or if ENGINEER for any reason is required to render servicas for more than One year after Satlsfactory Slart•upp and Demonstration is achieved under that contract, the various rates of compensation, Includlnpp Additional Services, provided for elsewhere in this Agreement shall be subject to equltable adjustment. SECTION 5 , PAYMENTS TO ENGINEER 6.1 Payment Terms Defined 8.1.1 Direct Labor Cost Direct Labor Cost shall mean salary and wages at the time 8ervtce8 are performed of all personnel engaged directly on the AROJECT, including, but not limited to, engineers, architects, scan fists, surveyors, designers, draftsmen, specification writers, estimators, Donlon • 6 June e, 19911 9ci6'd rldb-0960,121 LE ldA 2i9N3 WH WbM60 E6, ve Nnf c 4perdaNo t2L ' steno, clerical, accounting, and other technical and business personnel but does` not include Indirect payroll-related costs or fringe benefits. 5.1.2 Payroll Coat Payroll Cost shall mean the salary and wages at the time services are performed of all ersonnel engaged directly on the PROJECT, including, but not limited to, engineers, are i cto, scientists, surveors, designers, draftsmen, specification writers, estimators. steno, clerical, accounting and other technical and business personnel; plus the cost of customary and statutory benefits including, but not limited to, social security cont+ibutions, unemployment, excise and payroll taxes, workers' compensation, health and retirement benefits, sick leave, vacation, holiday pay and other group employee benefits. For the purposes of this Agreement, the Payroll Cost fs equal to Direct Labor Costa, multiplied by a factor of 1.35. 5.1.3 Per Diem Per Diem shall mean an hourly rate equal to Direct Labor Cost times an Overhead Multiplier of one and seven tenths (1.7) plus Payroll Cost to be paid to ENGINEER as total compensation for each hour an employee of ENGINEER works on the PROJECT. Reimbursable Expenses will be paid In addition to ENGfNEER'S Per Diem compensation. 5.1.4 Overhead Multiplier Overhead Multiplier shall mean a factor by which the Direct Labor Cost is multiplied to compensate for general and administrative overhead. When the basis of compensation is Per Diem, the Overhead Multiplier Includes profit, 5.1,6 Reimbursable Expenses Reimbursable Expenses shall mean the actual expenses Incurred directly or Indirectly in connection with the PROJECT, including, but not limited to Subconsultent or Subcontractor costs times a multiplier of one and one tenth transportation and subsistence incidental thereto, loll telephone calls, express mall and telegrams, courier services, reproduction of reports, drawings, specifications, bidding documents, and similar PROJECT-related Items In addition to those required under Section 1, and, if authorized In advance by the OWNER, overtime work requiring higher than regular rates. In addition, Reimbursable Expenses will also include expenses incurred for computer time and other highly specialized equipment, inc'uding an appropriate charge for prevlously established programs and expenses of photographic production techniques. bon(on • 6 June 8, 1193 9£i0I,d U017-0%(012) GS ld33 8N3 WH WUM60 E6, e0 Wf AwdsNo Apenda!te rye_. 5.5.6 Lump Sum Lump Sum shall mean a foxed amount agreed upon in advance, subject to modifications and amendments, for services rendered. 5.2 Basis and Amount of Compensatlon for Basic Services 5.2.1 Phase One. These services will be performed as Additional Services. Scopa of Services and Compensation to be mutually agreed upon at a later date by amendment to this agreement. 5.2.2 Phases Two, Three, Four, Five, and Six. Compensation shall be on a Per Diem basis. For budgetary purposes, the total fee for these services Is estimated to be as shown below. Phase Two - One hundred, ten thousand, seven hundred fifty-five dollars ($110,765). Phase Three - Four hundred, seventy-three thousand, two hundred seventy dollars C$473,270). PPhase Four • To be determined. Phase Five - To be determined. Phase Six - To be determined. Total compensation for Per Diem phases shall be determined based on the following formula; Direct Labor Cost x 1.70) + (Payroll Coat) + (Reimbursable Expense, not Including 9 ubconsultant or Subcontract Costs) + (Suboonsultant or Subcontract Coats x 1.11) 5.3 Basis and Amount of Compensation for Additional Services Compensation for Additional Services shall be on the basis of Per Dlom or Lump Sum to be agreed upon at time of request for Additional Services, An estimate of the fee for Additional Services will be made at the time the Additional Services are requested. 5.4 Intervals of Payments Under Lump Sum Basis of Payment 5.4.1 Payments to ENGINEER for Basic and Additional Services rendered and Reimbursable Expenses incurred shall be made once every month by OWNER. ENGINEER'S Invokes will be submitted once every month and will be based upon total services completed at the time of invoices. OWNER shall promptly, pay ENGINEER's invoices, 5.4.2 Not Used 6.4.3 Payments for Additional Services rendered and Reimbursable Expenses incurred shall be made once every month. ENGINEER's Invoices will be submitted once every month and will be based upon total services completed at the time of billing. OWNER shall make promptly pay ENGINEER's invoices. 5.5 Other Provisions Concerning Payments 5.5.1 If OWNER fails to make an payment due ENGINEER for services and expenses within 45 days after recsipt of EN&NEER's statement, the amounts due ENGINEER will be increased at the rate of 1% per month from data of involce, and In addition, Canton • 7 Juno e, 1993 I 9 i11'd 11010-096(012) LE ld3a b%3 WH W VS;60 fib, 00 Nnr i y 'Ager'da No under this Agreement until ENGINEER has been paid in full all amounts due for C services, expenses and charges. 5.5.2 It the PROJECT is suspended or abandoned in whole or in part for more than 30 days, ENGINEER shall be compensated for all services performed prior to receipt of i written notice from the OWNER of such suspension or abandonment, together with Reimbursable Expenses then due. It the PROJECT Is resumed after being suspended for more than 30 days, ENGINEER's compensatie,. shall be equitably adjusted. 5.5.3 Services performed by ENGINEER at reqquest of OWNER during periods when the PROJECT is suspended shall be coneldered Mitlonal Services. 5.5.4 The OWNER's approval, acceptance, use of or payment for all of any part of the ENGINEER's services hereunder or of the PROJECT itself shall In no way alter the ENGINEER's obligation or the OWNER's rights hereunder. 6.5.6 OWNER may temporarily delete any disputed items contained In Englneees { invoice, Including items disputed due to lack of supporting documentation, and pay the remaining amount of the invoice. OWNER shall promptly notify ENGINEER of the dispute and request clarification and/or remedial action. After any dispute has been settled, ENGINEER shall include the disputed Item on a subsequent regularly scheduled invoice or on a special invoice for the disputed item only. 5.5.6 In the event of termination of this Agreement by either OWNER or ENGINEER, as provded In Pararaph 7.2, the time of terminatlo plus term) nattiioRn eshall be xpenses, tlT rmination expenses rvi st a t Include labor, reimbursable expenses directly attributed to termination, and direct expenses associated with mobilization and demobilization of ENGINEER's personnel and facilities and any other oosts Incurred by Engineer not otherwise reimbursed. 5.5.7 The amount of any sales tax, excise tax, value added tax (VAT), or ggross receipts tax that may be imposed on this Agreement shall be added to the ENGINEER'S compensation as reimbursable expenses. 6.5.8 Not Used 5.5.9 Records of ENGINEER's Payroll Costs and Reimbursable Expenses pertinent to ENGINEER's compensation for Additional Services under this Agreement will be kept in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. U n request, copies will be made available to OWNR prior to frost payment for ENGINEER's services. 5.5. 10 Whenever a factor is applied to Direct Labor Coats for determinlnp compensation payable to ENGINEER, that factor will be adjusted periodically and equitably to reflect changes in the various elements that comprise such factor. All such adjustments will be in accordance with generally accepted accountingp principles as applied on a consistent basis by ENGINEER and consistent with ENGINEER's overall compensation practices and procedures. SECTION 6 - Not Uced oenton • 8 June 8, 1993 9Ee2t d UVP-096(752) a J.dX 6%3 204 1J1J9S:60 E6, vo wit SECTION 7 • GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 7,1 Standard of Care 1 ENGINEER shall perform all services under this Agreement in a manner which Is consistent with generally accepted standards of professional engineering practice. 7,2 Termination 7.2.1 This Agreement may be terminated In writin y la the event f substantial failure by the other party to fulfil) its obligations hunderl, his Agreement through no fault of the terminating party. However, no termination for default may be Initiated unless the other par , is given a ton (10) calendar day period to correct any alleged failure after written rMice (delivery by certified mall, return receipt requested) of Intent to terminate. 7.2.2 This Agreement may be terminated in writing (delivered by certified mall, return receipt requested) by OWNER for Its convanienco. 7.2.3 Upon any termination, ENGINEER shall: (1 promptly discontinue all Services affected (unless a termination notice from OWNED directs otherwise); and (2) upon full payment for services, deliver or otherwise make available to OWNER all documents, 'F data, drawings, spacifinations, reports, estimates, summaries, and materials as may have been accumulated by ENGINEER in persuch forrmUtrh thisf ormation Agreement, whether completed or in process. All payments due ENGINEER at termination shall be made as provided In paragraph 5.5.6. 7.3 Reuse of Documents ' 7.3.1 All documents, including Drawings and Specifications prepared or furnished by ENGINEER pursuant to this Agreement, are Instruments of service with rep act to the PROJECT and ENGINEER shall retain an ownership and whether or not the PROJECT is completed. OWNER may make and rretainthopie information and reference In connection with the use and occupancy of the PROJJECT by OWNER and others; however, such documents are not Intended or represented to be suitable for reuse by OWNER or others on extensions of the PROJECT or on any other PROJECT. Any reuse without written verification or adaptation by ENGINEER for the specific purpose Intended will be at OWNER's sole risk and without liability or legal ENGINEER from all cllaims, damages, losses and expenses nsesiInclud nppo ttorneys, fees arising out of or resulting therefrom, Any such verification or adaptation will entitle ENGINEER to further compensation at rates to be agreed upon by OWNER and ENGINEER. 7.4 Engineer's Liability ENGINEER shall, thou deficlandes In the final des aQnislod alwlnpms aspedf locatlcorrect d otrevie her se ceeors s ENGINEER performs hereunder. ENGINEER shall be responsible for actual costs of any corractive construction and to air work necessary as the result of no~QQIi ent acts or omissions of ENGINEER. Notwift standing, neither OWNER or ENGiNN shall be liable for any claim for consequor..ial damages, loss of use or loss of profits Incurred regardless of whether such claim Is based upon allo ad breach of contract, willful misconduct or negligent act or omisslon, whether professional or non-professional, of OWNER or Denton • 4 June 8, 1993 9L/el'd tZYO-096(W) ZC id3C 89N3 ZJCH WNSS;60 S6, W Nnf r ApondaNo Aperdallent_'- c sfM__ ENGINEER or their employees, agents, or subcontractors. ENGINEER'S liability to OWNER shall be in a reasonable amount, not to exceed the total compensation paid to ENGINEER absent willful misconduct. In the event of willful misconduct, such liability shall not exceed two times ENGINEER'S total compensation. 7,5 insurance 7.5.1 ENGINEER shall procure and maintain Insurance for protection from claims undar workers' compensation acts, employers liability claims, claims for damages because of bodiy Injury, Including personal Injury, sickness or disease or death of any and all employees or of any person other than such employees, and from claims or damages because of injury to or destruction of property, Including loss of use resulting therefrom. Ourino the performance of the Services under this agreement, ENGIN ER shall maintain the following Insurance: A. Comprehensive General Uability Insurance with bodily injury limits of not less than 1i500,1J00 for eeoh occurrence and not lose than $500,000 in the aggregate, and with propo7~y damage limits of not less than $100,000 for each occurrenoe and not less than $f00,000In the aggregate, 8. Automobile IJabillty insurance with bodify Injury limits of not lees than $500,000 for each person and not loss than $500,006 for each accident and with property damage limits for not lose than $100,000 for each accident, C. Worker's Compensation insurance in accordance with statutory requirem ante and Employers Uability insurance with limits of not leas than $100,000 for each ace dent. D. Professional Uabliity Insurance with limits of not less than $1,000,000 annual aggregate, E. Umbrella Insurance providing not lose than $1,000,000 limits In excess of the limits stated In items A through D. 7.5.2 ENGINEER shall maintain professional flatxlity insurance for protection against claims arising out of performance of servtoes under this Agreement caused by negligent acts, errors, or omissions for which ENGINEER is legally liable. 7.0 Controlling Law This Agreement is to be governed by and oonotrued In accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, 7.7 Successors and Assigns 7.7,1 The parties hereby bind their rospoctive partners, successors, executors, administrators, legal representatives and, to the extent permitted by paragraph 7,7.2., their assigns, tote terms, conditions and oovenants of this Agreement. Donlan • 10 Juna 8, 1993 9E/VS ' d UOO-096 (W) LE Id3a 8%3 8CH W SS iSO M r•© Nnf I IIi Vr!JaNo I 7.7 .2 Neither OWNER nor ENGINEER shall assign, sublet or transfer any rights under or Wet or monieshthat Agreement wthouuti the writ onhcons consent of the other. except to he extent that any assignment, subletting or transfer is mandated by law or the effect of this 7 limitation may be restricted by law, 7.7.3 Unless sppcificaly stated to the contrary in any wrlth:n consent to an assignment, no assignment will release or dlschar a the assignor from any duty or rpspponsibili under this Agreement. Nothing oonta~nod In this paragraph shall prevent ENGiNEWR from employing such Independent professional associates, subcontractors and consultants as ENGINEER may deem appropriate to assist in the performance of Services. 7,7.4 Exco t as me be ex ressly stated otherwise In this Aggreement, nothing under this Agreement shall be construed to ~ive any ""a or beneflte In this A99Bement to anyone other than OWNER and ENGINEEA, and all duties and responalbifiti6s undertaken pursuant to this Agreement will be for the sofa and exclusive benefit of OWNER and' nd ENGINEER and not for the benefit of any 0lher party. 7.8 Equal Employment and Nondiscrimination I In connection with the Services under this Agreement, ENGINEER agrees to campy with the applicable provisions of State and Federal Equal Opportunity statutes and regulations. 7.9 Indemnification 1 7.9,1 ENGINEER hereby states, and the OWNER acknowledges, that neither , ENGINEER nor ENGINJyER s consultants have any professional liability (errors and omisslons) or other Insurance covering asbestos or pollution claims arising from c claims or onditions unknown to or out of the control of the ENGINEER, that Is, insurance for professional services Including, gut ntotf amIled, to the pro aration failure oeports, designs, drawings and specifications, related to the Investigation, detection, abatement, replacement or removal of parts, materials or processes containing asbestos or ralalin to the actual, alleged or threatened discharge, dispersal, release or eseapa of pollutants (defined heroin as any solid, liquid, ge4sous or thermal Irritant or contaminant, Including smoke, vapor, soot, fumes, acids, alkalis, chemicals and waste), nor are ENGINEER or ENGINEER's consultants reasonably able to obtain such coverage. Accordin OWNER hereby apfees to bring no claim for negligence, broach of contract, 1091 mnity or otherwise agalnet ENGINEER, its principles, amployeas agante and consultants it such claim In any way would relate to asbestos or pollutants In the PROJECT, OWNER further agrees to the fullest extent permJtted by law to defend, Indemnify and hold harmless ENGINEER, Its principles, employees, agents and consultants from and against all claims, damages losses and expenses, direct or Indirect, or consequentlal damages, Including, but not limited to, fees and charges of attomeya and court and arbitration costs, arising out of or resuhl;nlfrom the performance of ENGINEER'ss ENO NEER s e rvicesror claast the services and/oINEER f work of others, Shat Isprelated to asbe tos and/or pollutant activities, Danton . 11 June 8, 1993 9CG51'd SL4N-696012) LE AM a9h13 8'IH Wb'%:60 66, t'0 Mir f r \ 7,9.2 Indemnity Agreement The ENGINEER hereby agrees to indemnify the ONWER for claims arising solely from I the negligent acts, errors or omissions of the ENGINEER In the performance of f professional services under this Agreement. k In the event of liability from suits, actions, or claims arising out of or occasioned by the negligence of both the ENGINEER and the OWNER, their agents or employees, int he performance of this Agreement, each party shall contribute toward the satisfaction of the liability Its proportionate sherd, which sharp shall be equal to the percentage of negligence attributable to the party. 7.10 Construction Procedures ENGINEER shall not specify construction or servioe•related procedures and shall not manage, supervise, control or have charge of construction, nor shall ENGINEER Implement or be responsible for health or safety procedures. ENGINEER shalt not be rosponsible for the acts or omissions of contractors or other pollee on the PROJECT and shall not be responsible for oonatruction means, methods, techniques, sequences, or procedures, nor e;;fsty precautions or programs. ENGINEER's monitoring or review Contractor from the respons responsibility for performing construction accordance twe1h applicAable contract documents. 7.11 Authority to Execute This Agreement ENG hall a0uthonilnppnthe a elcutton of this authoriz Attachme is shall ba Eovernin xhlbit 8boorry0WNER and Exhibit O for ENGINEER. 7.12 Changes and Modifloatlons The parties agree that no change or modification to this Agreement, or any attachments hereto, shall have any force or effect unless the change is reduced to writing, dated, and made a part of this Agreement. The execution of the chango shall be authorized and signed In the same manner as this Agreement. 7.13 Severabinty and Walver In the event any provision of this Agreement is held to be Invalid or unenforceable, the remsininq provlslone shall continue to be valid and binding upon the parties. One or more waivers by either party of any provision, term, condition or covenant shall not be construed as a wahror of a subsequent breach of the same by the other party. 7.14 Extent of Agreement This Agreement Including all Exhibits, and any and all amendments, modifications, and sup laments du~ executed by the parties In accordance with this Agreemenl, govern an supersede any and all inconefstent or contradictory terms, prior oral or written representations or understandings, conditions or provisions set forth in any purchase orders, requlsition, request for proposal, suthoftatlon of services notice to proceed or other form or document issued by OWNER with respect to the PROJECT or ENGINEER's services, Denton • 12 Juno e, 1993 9~~9t d uet-@95te12) d8 IdX ?J%3 aQH Wt19S:E0 r5, te+ unr Agenda Na A0e1da1~1 _Lr Date IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first written above. "OWNER' By: Name: Title: Address: r I I Witnessed: HDR ENGINEERING, INC. "ENGINEER" By: _ Name: ram R. hlndman, P.E. Yule: Senior Vice President Address: 12700 Fillk:rest, Ste 126 Dallas, Texas 76230 9Ci11 d 1140-096(012) LE 1d30 890 bCH WWS160 E6. ~ WX ! ~ I ` alterda No. l I Allendalte IN year first wri ten apoVe F' the parties have executed this Agreement as of the day and " WNEW By: Name. Title: Address: j I ~ I ! Witnessed: I HDR ENGINEERING, INC. 'ENGINEER' I Sy: N8fiA: WilNam A Hln man, ,E, Title: Senior Vice.Prealdent Address: 127oo Hillcrest, Ste 125 Dallas, Texas 75230 t !I I i i I I r ! 9C.'8t'd ILbb-096fpT2) GE 1d34 L9113 2qH wkiLSttoO E6, b@ ►.~r f i A~enrfaNo,~~ / EXHi91T A SCOPE OF ; „RVICES r c % ENGINEERING AND PROFESSIONAL. SERVICES RELATED TO AN INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS June 8, 1993 The following Scope of Services Is a proposed approach for establishing an integrated municipal solid waste management program for the City of Denton, Texas. It Includes i completion of the Preliminary Master Plan for Municipal Solid Waste completed by HDR in April 1993, addressing the continued operation of the current City of Denton landfill, and Implementation of a new landfill on property adjoining the current landfill site. These major aspects of the work effort are outlined as three separate phases for clarity and organization. i The scheduling for the three phases may ovedep somewhat. Opportunities forreview and adjustment of the Scope of Services will be provided periodically throughout the course of this program, which Is expected to encompass a Umeframe of several years. The Project will be initiated with a project kickoff meeting at HDR with appropriate City Staff and outside professionals to discuss project objectives, procedures, coordination and concerns. Ongoing project management functions will include attending six monthly status meetings at HDR's offices and six monthly status meetings in Donlon. ' Additional monthly status meetings will be provided as additional services. internal project team meetings will be conducted on a weekly basis with appropriate HDR staff. Project management will Include maintaining project communication and coordinating the activities of the project team Including outside professionals and City staff. The Projed Manager will monitor and control project scope, budget, and schedule; prepare appropriate project accounting and monthly invoices; monitor and project staffing requlrements; and i4entiy, tasks appropriate for City staff to accomplish. HDR will make up to three formal presentations to City Council or other City staff and officials to communicate project status. The Project Manager will maintain frequent day-to-day contact with the Engineering Administrator or his deslgnated representative. The cost for project management and administration represents a one-year period and Is Incorporated In the costs of Phase Two and Phase Three. Additional cost for project management will be authorized at the end of one year. I I r Wien A•1 Jun1 1. 111! 9Ci6t d tGee-096(012) GE ld3a e--N3 WH W iSsE0 E6 00 Wr I Agon~altemy-~.: The two m9jor phases of the work described above are considered the primary work efforts. However, as an outgrowth of the planning process, assistance with other phases of an integrated sys'.em may be indicated. Examples of such other services are mentioned as possible subsequent phases. These subsequent phases will be defined in more detail at a later time if appropriate. The City may or may not authorize each of these subsequent phases at their discretion. HDR will not proceed with any Phase without written authorization. It is recognized that the Scope of Services Is developed as outlined herein based on a - presumed understanding of Texas Water Commission (TWC) Regulations which are currently in proposed form. These regulations may be modified prior to final publication and ImplementatJon, Furthermore, the reguiation of municipal solid waste Is a new responsbllity of the current regulatory agency, the TWC. The regulatory program Is in a state of transition as it Is being established under the jurisdiction of a new regulatory body. The proposed regulations have not yet been addressed In Texas. Regulatory Interpretation has yet to be fully formulated. Project uncertainty is also high due to a lack of comprehensive geotechnical and hydrogeologic data on the proposed landfill propcerty. Although a preliminary geotechnical investigation was conducted by others on a portion of the proposed property in 1989, this Investigation was solely to evaluate the general feasibility of one tract for future landfill development based on regulatory requirements at that time. A more comprehensive investigation of the entire property under consideration Is essential prior to developing basic design concepts. The following Scope of Services and associated manhour and fee estimates are preliminary in nature. They are based on a general understanding of proposed regulations, developing regulatory Interpretation and policies, and recent experience in the design and permitting of other landfills in Texas. The items In the Sc: pe of Services will be reviewed and revised throughout the course of the project. Furthermore, the level of services necessary to fulfill the requirements of each task will be established with the concurrence of City Staff as the project proceeds. Therefore, it will be necessary to review and revise the estimated manhours and cost periodically. Monthly status reports will be used to call attention to changing project requirements as appropriate. Manhours and fees are presented in three categories. Those tasks which are currently believed to be addressed adequately in previous work or are not applicable are Indicated as "Not Included In this Scope of Work." Those tasks which can be reasonably well defined at this time have "Estimated Manhours and Fees" Indicated. Those tasks which cannot be adequately defined prior to further site Investigation or definitive regulatory Interpretation, or both, reflect "Preliminary Manhour and Fee Estimates." W nron A•3 M4 1, TN3 9G V, d tdep-MO12) GS ldA 61)N3 80H Wb3S;6e E6, b0 Wf i I AQeadaNa Aaendal _ ' Ive f ; PHASE ONE . COMPLETION OF T14E PRELIMINARY MASTER PLAN FOR ' MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE This Phase to be completed as Additional Services with the Scope of Services and Fee Basis to be mutually agreed upon at a later date. i PHASE TWO • ADDRESSING THE CURRENT LANDFILL RELATIVE TO SUBTITLE D AND STATE REQUIREMENTS It will be necessary to address the current landfill In order to comply with regulatory requirements pursuant to Subtitle D of RCRA and new Texas Water Commission (TWC) regulations. The submittals addressed In Tasks 2.1 through 2.16 must be submitted Into the landfill operating record prior to October 9, 1993 if the landfill Is to stay in operation after that data, It Is assumed that it will not be necessary to reissue submittals which are already provided ed and are, therefore, lexcluded documentation from this t Scope site, i Services are Indicated With an asterisk. Those items which are addressed In the current permit documentation, but which may need to be updated or provided In more detail are Indicated with two asterisks, Such , Items will be reviewed and guidance will bd obtained from the TWC regarding the necessity to readdress these items, If It Is determined that addltlonal work will be required In order to fulfill regulatory requirements regarding these submittals, the Scope of Services will be revised at that time to reflect any necessary modifications to No riginal scope, Those Items which clearly are not provided in previous permit documentation are lndlcsted with three asterisks, and are Included In We Scope of Services. I 1 1 i Damon A-3 Jung 1903 9Ei12Id 444-096(4IZ) LE 1d30 a9N3 6CH 4J05.60 E6. 00 Nlf Aoarrda No _ ' Ar~e~daiterrl.~L~' ~Ete~L~ Submittals to TWC regarding operation of permitted sites after October 9, 1993 may be mega 'separately. It is proposed that each submittal be provided to NYC immediately upon completion In order to expedite regulatory revlew. in addition, it will be necessary to ensure that the current operation will yield the maximum possible disposal capacity while the proposed landfill is being designed and permitted. Phase Two Includes both of these activities. Task 2.1 • Site Operating Plan Not Included Preliminary Estimated Prepare a Site Operating Plan which Irz!udes the in Ws Scope Manhour and Manhours and following. At arlf FAA FC14n•1&. w Job descriptions for landfill personnel ■ landfill operation procedures ■ Procedures for the detectlon and prevention of 64 MH acceptance of hazardous wastes -j ($5000) a Fire Protection Plan a Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan, Including the following. a Definition of background water quality 'i a Sample collection and handling procedures ■ Groundwater elevation measurement 4 procedures I a Statistical b analytical methods to be used for determining groundwater sampling 78 MH results ($8300) ■ Outline the sampling frequency requirements for the Detection Monitoring program a Lob 3 QA/QC Procedures DIMen A-4 luny o, IM 9E/22'd U00-0%(012) GE; 1dA M9N3 MOH W%Gs6e ES, 0,0 Nnr Aoenda No Agendaltem Cole Task 2.2 - Site Development Plan Not Included Preliminary Estimated Prepare a Site Development Plan which includes in this scope Menhour and Manhours and the following, n1 WAr'` Fp° "fnato ■ Landflling method ■ All-weather provisions ■ Access control ■ Rate of waste deposition ■ Information on design features which to MH function to prevent discharges (mao) Task 2,3 - Site Layout Plan Prepare a Slte Layout Plan which includes the following, ■ A constructed map showing: ■ Outline of units and fill sectors a General sequence of fill ■ Location of all roadways Location of monitor wells and buildings ■ Generalized design of all site entrance 24 MH roads ($1600) Task 2.4 - Fill-Cross Sections , Prepare fill-cross sections to show the following. a Top of levee (not applicable) ■ Top of proposed flit ■ Top of waste ■ 80ttom of exc9vation ■ Monitoring wells ■ Water levels ■ Construction/design details of perimeter and V toe berme (not applicable) ■ Side elopes ■ Gas vents 28 MH ■ Maximum flit elevation ($2260) ■ Top of final cover F 16 MH J ($1130) oaten A-$ hm 1, IM 9E/E24d 1100-096(>t2) GE id3a ti%3 WH WUSS160 E6, 00 Nit aQordaNa--A-~--- Oste__L__~: Not lncludsd Preirrinary Estimated In thin Scope Manhour and Manhours and nl Wndr .•aa PAk T.I.a FAAe Task 2.6 - Contour Meg Prepare a constructed map that shows the following. ■ Contours existing prior to work on the site ■ Location and quantity of surface water if drainage entering/eAting the site ■ Outline the area within the 100-year floodplain Task 2.6 • Geology ReMd Prepare a geology report that includes the following. ■ Discussion of regional physiography and topography Including land slope, water bodies and facility maximum and minimum elevations • Description of regional geology ■ Descriptlon of geologic processes in the area, I.e. faults, erosion, and wetland areas • Description of regional aquifers • Subsurface Investigation report (borings) V • Description of geotechnical properties of it subsurface soils ■ Groundwater Investigation report describing 64 MH water levels in the area and likely pollutant ($4600) migration pathways ■ Description of groundwater monitoring of system Including engineering drawings of typical monitoring well and well elevation data o.nron A8 jg" a, IM 9V 02 d T&P-MO12) LE 1dN 6ON3 WH W%S.60 E6, 00 Nn! Nor Agenda Flo r l,. .1.10 lient;.t. Agenda Not Included Preliminary Esfi nsted t In this Soope Manhour and Manhours and at WnrSt EPA CMIMAlrre Free Task 7 - Groundwater Protection and Drainage Flin Prepare a Groundwater Protection and Drainage Plan that Includes the following. ■ Diagrams showing the locations, details, and I typical cross-3acUons of the following. ✓ • levees (not applicable) • dikes (not applicable) ✓ a drainage channels ✓ ■ culverts ✓ s holding ponds ✓ ■ leachate collection system (not applicable) ✓ • Drawing showing drainage areas and provide ✓ drainage calculations v Delineation of 100-year floodplain (InGuded in ✓ Task 2.16) ■ Drainage and run-off control one"Is ■ Flood control and analysis 128 MH ■ Drawing showing cross-sections or elevations u ($12,000) of levees Led Into contours (not applicable) ✓ Task 2.8 • Final Contour Mao Prepare a final contour map showing the final ✓ elevation contours of the lsndfllf, drainage directions, and side slopes Task 19 • Coat Estimates for Closure and Post glosure Care Prepare detailed asst estimates for the following. ■ The C031 of hiring a third party to close the landfill at any time during the life of the landfill ■ The cost of hiring a third party to conduct 82 MH post•ciosure care, including both annual 1 ($4640) and periodic costs OWsN A.7 6,1M 9£/92,d UPO-096(VIZ) GE 1d3g 89N3 80H W%Sl6o c6, h0 Wr 14 AgendaNo Agendalt~rrL~~~- raad ; ~,;T Not Included Prsimine ry Estimated in this Scope Manhour and Manhours end _a ZjO Fww Fel1Matae Fix Task 2.10 -Sail and Liner Quality Control Plan Prepare a Soil and Liner Quality Control Plan to i address the following, ■ ConstrucUon method for soil liner a Installation and testing of flexible membrane liner ■ Testing frequency and procedure ■ Definition of Soil and Liner Evaluation Report and Flexible Membrane Liner Evaluatlon Report contents Task 2.11 - Final Closure Plan Prepare a Final Closure Plan that includes the following. ■ Deacription of final cover a EsUmate of largest area ever requiring final cover ■ EsUmate of the amount of waste on-site at F 64 MH Mal closure i ($6180) ■ Written cost estimate (same as one prepared for Task 2.9) Task 2.12 - Post-Closure Care Plan i Prepare a plan for Post-Closure Care that includes the following, ■ Description of monitoring and maintenance activities a Name of responsible person for post. closure care 44 MH ■ Description of planned use for area during ($3300) post-closure care a Written cost estimate (same as one prepared for Task 2.9) Donlon Ad June e, 103 i 9£~92'd UVO-MV12) L£ ld3a t!A3 8CH Wki00.01 £6. PO Nnr lkle-- Not Included PreCminary Estimated ' In this Scope Manhour and Menhours and Ar wok Fs~ FcNm~f~e RaA Task 13 -Landfill Gas~Jlanageme~ Plan Prepare a plan that addresses Landfill Gas Man.gement by including the following. ■ Description of routine moMoring system _ ■ Specification of landfill gas control system r 200 MH ■ Back-up plan for use if primary control ($22,000) system falls jask 2.14 - AoOlicnnVe Sratement 2 MH Prepare a statement for the signature of ;`e (S130) aPPiicant which specifies that the applicant has read the prepared plans and agrees to ope"Me the landfill in a manner consistent with them Task 2.1$ - Cert1fle0on of Groundwater 10 MH Monitoring System ($890) Prepare a statement certifying that a groundwater monitoring system Is in place at the Denton landfill that compiles with the requirements of the TWO regulations Task 2.16 - Certifia8~1 of COmgJ~enc_ wilh { Locatlon Res rictlonc Prepare statements certifying that the Denton landfill Is In compliance with the following restrictions. ■ Airport proximity ■ Floodplalns (100-year) 262 ■ Unstable Areas F ($2 MH 1 (520,080) Task 2.17 - M xlmi~ine R.m Inine, Sitw I 'fa 18 Review current operating methods to Identify ($1475) ' potential modifications which might provide additional site life. Specifically, consider alternate dally cover, Calculate potential effect on remaining site life of alternate techniques if appropriate. Donlon A•0 JWw S. laaa i 9~/G2'd 4N-e%3P127 G£ 1d3Q ?043 21QH W":01 Es, t0 Nnr AGendaNo. t r ~ Date Not Included Prs6minery EsGmsted in this scope Manhour and Manhours end n( W1rb Paa Fatienofaa 1 i Task 2.18 - Reaulabory_Meot;nas 54 MH t Attend up to three regulatory meetings in Austin ($6540) with City staff. Task 2J9 - Pt+ase Two Pr2lect Management and 200 MH Administration ($10,620) (12 months) I~ II TOTALS - PHASE TWO 524 MM 808 MH ($49,510) ($61,245) 1 I l 1 I WMon A•fo June a, IM 1 f 9E/82 d SLDD-@96t4i2) LE 1d3a d%j 8ap 4A100;BS E6. K Wr A ~igc^daifern PHASE THREE • DESIGN AND PERMITTING OF A NEW LANDFILL ADJOINING THE CURRENT FACILITY The following is an outline of the tasks associated with designing and obtaining a TWC Permit to Operate a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) for a tract of land adjoining the current landfill site. This MSWLF will be either an expansion of the current landfill or a separate :andfill located adjacent to the current landfill site. SubtlVe 0 and new TWC regulations have not been fully Interpreted by the regulatory community, This Scope of Services is based on Interpretation by HDR of the final draft TWC regulations published on March 9. 1993. It Is anticipated that the final regulations will not be significantly different from the draft regulations. However, when the final regulations are published, this Scope of Services will be reviewed and revised If necessary to reflect any changes. As guidance and Interpretations are made available from the TWC, the Scope will also be reviewed and revised as necessary. Estimated 3A • Analysis ManhnurS and FAA! i Task 3.1 - Project Initiation ansuala Collection Obtain all site information including property surveys, aerlal photography, topographic mapping, fioodplain information, zoning and land use information, subsurface investigations, J groundwater assessments, wetlands determinations, and any other pertinent infomtaWn regarding the current and proposed J landfill sites available to the City. Obtain all pertinent site documentation assembled during Phase Two such as documentation of compliance with locations restrictlons, and J such as pertinent site Information provided in the permit documentation for the current landfill. Determine data F 72 MH collection needs. (34520) In conjunction with City Staff, Identify any required technical and professional services required to design a landfill J oxpansfon and obtain a permit. After reviewing the information, determine the need for specific outside services to develop supplemental site data, such as drilling and testing, aerial photography, and topographic and J boundary surveys. Demon A-i 1 ,vrA 4 1 M K/62 *d TLbtr-0g6lDlZ) tic 1d33 89N3 a4H WtiOB:BT c6. 90 Nnf I I I AwdaNo The following Is a preliminary Scope of Services based on Estimated typical landfill design and permitting experience in Texas. Manhnnng And Raoe Phase Three activities will be Initiated immediately upon notice to proceed, HDR shall provide or coordinate technical and professional services (excluding legal services) required to prepare a Type I municipal solid waste facility permit smendmert for the existing City of Denton Sanitary Landfill or, alternatively, to prepare a permit application for a new landfill near to, but not adjoining, the current landfill. These services shall include the following. Task 3.2 - TWC Conference 28 MH Most with representatives of TWC in Austin to discuss ($3170) pertinent Issues, Including the conseouences of pursuing a permit amendment (landfill expansion) or a new permit (new landfill). Select a design concept for further development. Task 3.3 - Existing Data Review 3.3.1 Develop a preliminary conceptual landfiil design (landfill 66 MH footprint) as a guide for all future work efforts. ($5000) 3.12 Collect the following documentation as available from the City or other public sources. I I • Data, reports, surveys, and correspondence, etc. related to the site I I • All air photographic coverage including topography I • Regional and site vicinity geologylhydrogeology studies and data provided by the City F 112 MH • Pertinent Federal, State and university studies I ($9370) I • Documentation of regional aoss-sections, lest pits, utility companies, borings, and water wells I • Groundwater use and users, groundwater quality, and groundwater recharge areas I I I GMon M12 June a, 11143 9E/eE'd 11VV-096(012) LE ld3C 89N3 aCH WIJ10:01 E5, V0 Nnr i f ~ I I i aq~rtde ti'o i{~ ! bQC^d~iCFfTl.l~,,s..~_ Estimated` { • Precipitation, temperature, wind velocity and direction, Manhnura and FPA evapotranspiration, evaporation and humidity da!a • Soll map and topography f( • Potable water well inventory keyed to a map of wells I + and springs within one mile of the site documenting well location, design, usage, water quality, and other C pertinent data available J I 3.3.3 Collect and compile current planning data. I • Population and population projections • Waste quentitles generated/accepted j Current and projected traffic counts on access routes and roadway limitations F 44 MH ($2910) • Land uselzoning within one mile radius • Threatened or endangered species' habitats i Sites of cultural or historlc significance • General discussion of vegetation existing on site 3.3.4 Review subsurface and hydrologic work performed by 28 MH others, if any, to determine the need for additional ($2720) i Investigation. Assist the City In the selection of qualified sub-consultant and arrange for sub-consultant work such as drilling, testing, topography, surveying, aerial photography, archaeology, biological assessment, etc. as necessary. Task 3.4 • Field and Laboratory Investigations 92 MH 3.4.1 Through site visits and a literature search, deve op an ($8140) omderstanding of current conditions and preparr, a preliminary soil goring plan and piezomelc r plan. Consult with the Texas Water Commission (NC) to obtain their acceptance and approval. ' Denton A•1f June a. 1993 9EitE'd TZPV-O%(P12) GE 1d30 8%3 Z4H W-U10:01 E6. Pa Nnf 4~eedaNa ~ r 1 Date ,e , Estimated Manhnnre and FPae 3.4.2 Geotechnical Investi ation Plan Prepare a preliminary boring plan presented on a copy of the most recent I topographic map. Boring locations and depths will be selected based on an understanding of the most practicable excavation depths, anUdpated depth to any aquaclude, and regulatory requirements. Piezometers I 36 MH may be installed In boring IocaGons in order to assess F ($2780) the groundwater surface elevation and gradient across I the site. Previous boring data, if any, will be used to the I extent practical to estimate the desired depth of I penetration for any proposed boring and as an aid to I Interpreting and profiling subsurface stratigraphy. I II Preliminary Manhour and 30 Design and Permlldng EPP F_ timafae 3.4.3 Geotechnical Investigation The proposed boring plan 550 MH will allow the correlation of geological data revealed in ($45,000) any previous boring and simultaneously provide the evaluation of subsurface conditions within the site boundaries. If indicated, the subsurface Investigation will include boring and testing as required to support use of any on-site soils for use In a lining system. All boring locations will be Identified on a current topographic map of the site and will include the surface elevation determined outside this scope by a registered professional surveyor. All bore holes not converted Into piezometers will be grouted from the bottom up with a non-shrink cement-bentonite mbdure. Evaluation of plezometer data will Include the preparabon of a potenNometric surface map of the static water level across the site and recommendations for groundwater pressure relief and locating groundwater monitoring wells. A HDR hydrogeologist will evaluate the results and prepare of a hydrogeologic model of the site. DOW A•14 Jung 0. 1095 1444-096(412) a ld3a KN3 2AH WdT0:0i £6, b0 Nnf y A49~ldaNo I'We Preliminary Manhour and Foo Fa1imA1 e 3.4.3 Surface WateriHYdrolooy Study HDR understands that 122 MH the purpose of the Hydrology Study Is to collect (58200) available site data, conduct field surveys, and evaluate surface water data to provide the following: Oescriptlon of surface drainage systems, flood characteristics, and existing surface water quality r • Understanding of groundwater/surface water relationships at the site • if applicable, preparation of a reliable (defensible) site plan delineating the 100-year floodplain limits and 100- year food elevation In keeping with available Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance maps and studies, and showing all surface water within a one- mile radius of the site boundary Work efforts to perform floodway studies, engineering, , documentation, and to obtain permit approval of floodplain reclamation can be provided as additional services if required. The following define those services required to complete a typical Hydrology Study. 3.4.3.1 Obtain available surface water data from the City, 24 MH previous studies, the Corps of Englneers (COE), (51300) i Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS), and Texas Water Commission (TWC). Existing hydrologic and hydroullc data will be obtained from the COE, FEMA, and USGS to provide baseline date for surface water analyses. In addition, results of currently available surface water models will be obtained for evaluation. Surface water quality data will be collected from the TWC and USGS for any applicable stream segments. 1 i t_x!sting survey data will be collected and analyzed to determine completeness. Dertbn A•15 hre 0,1093 9t~a6 d UPP-096(4121 dE 163C 89N3 WH WH2O:01 F.6, r0 Nnr Agerida Item 12; e Preliminary Manhour and 3.4.3.2 Identify additional survey requirements, as cA° E-qi,~ needed, and give to the City. 8 MH (3600) 3.4.3.3 Analyze surface water data obtained to develop 64 MH an understanding of the surface water hydrology of the site, drainage characteristics, ($4300) groundwater/surface water relationships, - floodway, and-100•year Ooodplaln limits. 3.4.3.4 Evaluate copies of available flood profile models 40 MH to establish watershed hydraulic characteristics $2 00 and to determine specific hydraulic analysis (52700) requirements necessary for permit application development. 3.4.3.5 Prepare a description of drainage systems and floodplains along with supporting drainage area 88 MH maps and floodplain delineation shown on a ($5900) topographic map. Prepare documentation of surface water quality and flow characteristics based on readily available data. Provide any available supporUng documentation of 100-year floodplain elevations, or floodplain /floodway delineation. 3.4.3.6 Identity surface water bodies on a topographic 24 MH map. Review previous wetland determinations, if any. If necessary, obtain a wct;;,,ts ($1600) determination. 3.4.4 S3eotechrti t Reaort Preoantln~ prepare a Qeotechnlcal report which presents a thorough 300 MH evaluation of the basic geologic and hydrogeologic ($22,000) environment. Additional information presented In the report VIII Include an estimation of the quantities of major soil strata which may be available for cover material, site•speac and regional geologic cross. sections, and supportive data and/or evidence collected 1 during the preliminary site assessment study, The report will be presented In a formal suitable for inclusion In the permit application. Denkn A-1E Jung 6,697 IG00-096(012) LE 1d3Q 8t)N3 811H 14b2arel t6, pe Nil[ rAgenJaNo _ D;te 11 1117 In addition to meeting appropriate TWC requirements, the geotechnical report will include recommendations on the following: Determination of seismic activity Optimal depth of excavation • Dewatering techniques for excavations below the zone of saturation if appropriate • Suitability of the underlying soil for meeting TWC requirements for all or a portion of the bottom liner • Procedures for re-compacting liners or other lining techniques (also Included In the Soil and Liner Quality Control Plan) • Groundwater monitoring plan i • Pressure relief techniques, if necessary, to reduce hydrostatic head below the liner Task 3.5 • Permit Application and Landfill Design 3000 MH Permit to Operate a Municipal Solid Waste Site The following ($270,000) describes current requirements for an application to TWC for a Permit to Operate a Municipal SoFd Waste Site. Detailed requirements are provided in 311 TAC 330,61 •330.58. Many items required In these new regulations have never been provided in Texas. The costs in(leate an assumption of clear and decisive guidance from TWC and are based on early guidance provided by TWC Staff regarding anUdpated policies for Implementation of proposed regulations. Task 3.5 will be defined in detail after Issuance of finalized TWC regulations, MDR will prepare the following or verify and utilize exhlbits developed In the Original Permit Applicatlon for incluslon in an applicaton to TWC for a new Permit or Permit Amendment to Operata a Municipal Solid Wasta Site (Silo Development Plan). Pert I • General information Fort 11 • Existing Conditions and Ch+racter of the Site end Surrounding Ares Part fit • Enaineering, Investigative Reports, end Schemelo Design Pert IV • Site OptroUng Plan Part V • Construction Plan end Spedflcadons GMm, A.» Jur 1 a, 1003 9Ei5E'd U00-0961DT21 LE ld3a 8DW3 a:,a WH29,01 E6, W N'if agPn,4aNo . ` 1 , ~ ~ / ~ r - - Preliminary Manhour and Foci Task 3.6 -Permit ADDII - t=e41me4a cationfiesu mittal 400 MH After receiving one complete set of written comments from TWC on the Draft Permit Application, address comments and ($36,000) resubmit the application to TWC for a determination that it is technically complete. Task 37 - Public HeariMa ParNclia n 160 MH Devote one senior technical. professional or principal, and the ($19,000) project manager for one week to prepare for one or more public hearings, In addition, technicians/drafters will prepare displays or other graphic materials for use In support of testimony. During the hearing(s), devote one senior professional and the project manager for one week. This time will be devoted to either actual expert testimony or attendance at the hearing, Additional resources are available to prepare for a hearing and provide testimony if necessary. The full resources of HDR's national solid waste staff are available for specialized testimony if warranted. Because it is impossible to predict the level or sophistication of opposition at a hearing, this task will 340 MH be more clearty defined at a later date. ($18,060) Task 3.8 - Phase Three Protect Manaaemwn► nd A_dminis ration 12 months TOTALS - PHASE THREE Preliminary Manhoura and Fees Estimate 4026MH Estimated Manhours and Fees ($434'680) 466 MH ($38.610) DeMan A 11 Jum 1, 1943 9.^•.i9;s 'd t~bb-t39bfb22) L2 JdM 89N3 6CH AQ:01 E6, 70 W: - 1.7 1H• Ti I ♦ MMMf.♦•1 . .Ilbl. 1 ♦ Ip1y 1 f1L... F+ 11.11 f✓'f1 1• ♦y.1 tC}H'~•I 1 , 1111• I.I III f11. i ' I I j I I 1 TO i CITY COUNCIL REPORT FORMAT CQ~ T01 MAYOR AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL p~g~~ FROMI LLOYD V. HARRELL, CITY MANAGER SUBJECTI AUTOMATION PROPOSAL FOR THE LIBRARY DATES JUNE 8, 1993 RECOMMENDATIONi Staff recommends that $450,000 be expended for the automation of the Emily Fowler Public Library and the branch facility. SUMMARYi This proposal calls for the procurement and acquisition of an automated online integrated system for the Library and branch building, including- 0 hardware and software o cabling o new patron library cards with bar codes o retrospective conversion o workstations o a bibliographic utility and 0 2-year maintenance agreement. BACKGROUND I After carefully analyzing the library organizational structure, it is determined that one area of critical and urgent need for the Library is automation. Please refer to the backup memorandum dated May 4, 1993. PROGRAMS. DEPARTMENTS OR GROUPS AFFECTED: ' The entire library organization and all of its customers will be affected by the purchase of an automated system. it will provide a more effective work environment and enhance customer service and productivity. FISCAL IMPACT: Automation of the Emily Fowler Public libraries is a proposed CIP project for FY1993/94. The total project is listed at an estimated cost of $450,000. RESPECT LLY SUBVTTEDI Llo d V. Harrell, C y Manager PREPARED BYt i Eva Po01! Library Director I APPR 1 Bat cKaat Yl011t Ve D reOtOr Municipal ser ices/Economic Development i ARHOO309 052423 i agenda No gate 1 MEMORANDUM TO: BETTY MCKEAN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MUNICIPAL SERVICES/ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FROM: EVA POOLE, LIBRARY DIRECTOR DATE. MAY 4, 1993 SUBJECT: AUTOMATION PROPOSAL FOR THE LIBRARY In order to have a more effective and efficient work environment that will enhance customer service as well as productivity, the problem of Library automation must be immediately addressed. Providing service for both City and County library users has been hampered by the present automated circulation system which is inadequate to handle our patron load, which has increased over 63% since 1980. Computer errors are numerous, and the Library is quickly losing credibility with the public due to this 19-year-old system, Tile City of Denton Library needs to be completely automated and technologically up-to-date, as are other libraries in the Metroplex: ■ Lewisville Public Library ■ Carrollton Public Library ■ Fort Worth Public Library ■ Grand Prairie Memorial Public Library ■ Irving Public Library ■ Nicholson Memorial Library System Garland r Piano Public Library System ■ Richardson Public Library Not only are we far behind area libraries, but even our own TWU, UNT and DISD libraries are already automated. Our present automated system was acquired in 1974 and is now obsolete. The development of the system was originally the project of a LINT computer programming student employed by the City of Denton. As a result of its limited capability, numerous problems occur regularly, causing customers an inordinate amount of time waiting in line to check-out materials. The problems are listed as follows: 1. An average of 10-12 patron records per day are filed inaccurately by the computer due to a computer overload. This causes erroneous overdue notices to be generated. Extra procedures at the check-out desk are necessary to correct the problem. This problem causes unnecessary patron dissatisfaction and delays. ~qe Ida Item 17 2. Excessive system response time is inconvenient for both staff and patrons. It often takes up to five (5) minutes for each item entered into the system to be cleared. 3. Often data is lost in the same day as it is put into the system. This causes patron dissatisfaction as it most often occurs in the area of charging-off patron fines. 4. The daily check documents provided by Information Services seldom agree numerically, indicating a daily loss of data. 5. Even when the aforementioned documents agree, there is no comparison or check to verify potential file problems. One such problem was discovered only when an unusually large number of patrons began to complain about incorrect overdue notices. Further investigation revealed a total of 1756 incorrectly filed records. These records were traced to a day when the City's mainframe computer system experienced major problems This computer error caused the library program to file transactions in the item-out record then failed to correspondingly file them in the patron record. 6. The system does not allow for adequate accounting of fines. Fines on rechecked items are lost and fines that are carried for an excessive amount of time on the patron record use up valuable data base file space. 7. Materials cannot be searched by author, title or subject. In order for a patron to see if we own a title or locate it on the shelf, a patron must know the author and the exact title of the book. 8. The system will not automatically reserve materials requested by patrons. Limited staff therefore must spend an Inordinate amount of time manually checking books for reserved items before materials can be reseelved, 9. Access to patron records is available only through the patron Identification number. This causes a delay since the patron assumes we can access the record by his name. Page 2 05/04/93 ABe4tlai107r Cc %.5`" We need to replace our current library circulation system with a fully integrated turnkey system with modules for: { ■ Circulation I ■ Cataloging ■ Patron access catalogs Automation will allow the library to enhance customer satisfaction and deliver quality service: i A Public Access module will provide customers with: ❑ Menu and command driven screens Q Keyword control searching ❑ Call number searching Q Keyword browsing ❑ See/see also references ❑ Access to public library catalog from customer's home Q Interface with UNT, TWU, DISD libraries A Circulation module will provide staff with: ❑ Easy checkout and renewal Q User-defined patron records Q Overdue, fine, and billing notices ❑ Holds/reserves Q Patron flags and blocks ❑ Automatic fine accounting Q Multiple-branch capabilities A Cataloging module will allow staff to obtain: Q Detailed holdings Q Global authority updates Reports can be easily generated and formatted to provide: ❑ Daily, monthly statistics Q Management analyses ❑ Comprehensive data on each division in the library More importantly, the automated system will: ❑ Speed the check-out process and shorten the waiting-in-line time for patrons Q Track the current number of patrons more accurately Q Provide a terminal for each processor, as well as the cataloger, so that they will not have to wait for a free terminal with which to enter materials Into the data base. Page 3 05/64/93 f ayandaNa ~ ' C' r~ Ageadaftem l_4-6 fat9,47 Cost Analysis A request for Information (RFI) resulted in responses from five (5) automated library system vendors. The detailed list below shows that the Director of Information Services' estimated cost of $450,000 will provide the following; ! Central library site hardware and software for Automated System $235,000 { Branch site hardware 20,000 Cabling for Central and Branch Site (dedicated leased pair telephone line for the branch and wire main library) 55,004 New Patron library cards with barcodes 5,000 Retrospective Conversion (converting library's existing card catalog records to machine- readable format according to specified policies and standards.) 75,000 Computer Workstations (Central and branch sites) 17,000 Bibliographic Utility 10,000 (Data base on CD-ROM of Library of Congress records to catalog all new materials for the Central and Branch Libraries,) 2-year maintenance agreement on automated system (hardware and software) 16,500/year 33,000 $450,000 , It is my strong recommendation that the entire library automation package for $450,000 receive your serious consideration for immediate purchase. l ' Eva Poole 05/04/93 i Page 4 05/04/93 ~ l 1 No D CITY of DENTON, TEXAS MUNICIPAL BLIUDIN0 / DENTON, TEXAS 76201 / TELEPHONE (817) 568.8307 Office of the City Manager DATE: June 4, 1993 TO: Lloyd V. Harrell, City Manager FROM: Rick Svehla, Deputy City Manager SUBJECT: COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR POLICE AND FIRE i Per the Council's request, Chief Cook and Chief Jez have submitted material on what the information system would do for the two departments, The descriptions are rather brief. We did that so as not to bore you or the Council with a lot of reading. I expect to bring both Mike and John to the meeting Tuesday evening to describe for you in greater detail what some of these functions and systems will do for our departments. We will also give you and the Council an indication of what our capabilities are now. I have included information on a typical system that shows some of the information that these systems are capable of processing. The backup also includes several cost estimates. You will note from John's memo and from the attached information from Lewisville and Carrollton that the prices can vary somewhat. We have reviewed the estimate that has been given to us by EAI, which is one of the leaders in the industry. Those costs have been reviewed by both chiefs as well as Gary Collins. We estimato that the hardware (the computers, monitors, keyboards, workstations, etc.) and the actual software and the maintenance costs will be approximately $860,G00. That software includes not only the computer-aided dispatching functions for both police and fire, but also analysis and information management for police as well as jail management and personnel scheduling both for police and fire. it also includes records management for both incident and inspection reporting, EMS reporting, and arson investigationtl. It also includes fleet maintenance information for both operations. Besides all this, it would also include a Municipal Coirt package which would tie directly into the warrants, probable cause, affidavits, and all the other paperwork associated with the court clerks' office. Besides the ;869,000 for the actual "system" we will also need information-gathering devices in the field. Initially, we envisioned buying IIMDT's" (mobile data terminals). These are the standard terminals you see in many big-city police cars now. They are able to access information from the computer system such as warrants, license information, etc. However, this part of the AgendaI f8m,L cj June 3, 1993 ' r 2 field is changing rapidly and in many instances it may be more appropriate to buy lap-top computers, "notepad" devices, or data collection devices. Therefore, we have not made all decisions at to exactly what those devices will be at this point. What we are trying to do is to stay flexible so that we could acquire the latest pieces of equipment to facilitate the most efficient use of the total system. We expect this part of the system to cost at least $640,000, making the system cost $1,500,000. We will have a much better handle on the exact cost of this whole system once RFP's are prepared and actual proposals are taken both on the "system" and "field equipment". We would propose doing the major paperwork and data collecting for the RFP and scheduling as soon as we receive further direction from the Council. We do believe the $1.5 million is a good number to use, given our review and by using the costs of systems from Lewisville and Carrollton. { if you or the Council has further questions, we will be happy to try and answer them at your convenience. I Rick Sv a Deputy City Manager 1 AMM002D7 { 14 ~I MEAIO #93-012 Revised TO: Mr. R. Svehla, Deputy City Manager FROM: J. L. Cook, Jr., Fire Chief DATE: 10 May, 1993 REt FIRE/POLICE MANVIEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM The Fire Department has requested funding for a computerized information management system since the CIP cycle of 1988. The system that was envisioned by the Department at that time would have fully integrated the dispatching function and emergency response and scene operations with the administrative and record- keeping functions. In addition, the system would have been designed to integrate with the City's mainframe and the future GIS system as well. The funding would have been for the 1992-93 CIP year. During 1988, however, the E911 and 800 mHz radio systems became operable. the Fire and Police Communications Divisions were consolidated as well. Therefore, during the 1989 CIP cycle the Fire Department's original request was expanded to include the Police Department. The system would have looked similar to the system diagramed in Figure one, below. Figure One Diagram of the Lewisville Computer System SYSTEM TERMIfiAL svsnM 1YRMlNA1 M roue ADRL A M CAD RECORDS ' 1 O 94ALR - - I d "Offn CF[ / T LWS* D15fAT'H , VTERMMAW (TERMINAL! IIRt i /RIKMR7 \ 01CnRDa I; MDUW ARt ADM. 111tIMLR IT'AMPW. HAE lrATOH 1t11VRTA nResrinDN % I 1 % ITE0.MINAL I TERMINAL / 1,1AIN[EII TPAM~L I ER FlAE StAMN FlRISTATf1 T;RMINAL 1 L~HI I T4R MINAL SIR~*RER -4- 10 May, 1993 Page 2 Since 1989, the Fire and Police Departments have considered the acquisition of an information management system to be their top priority. Therefore, the Fire Department was willing to substitute the computer system for CIP projects which had been previously approved. The total estimated cost for the complete system in 1989 was approximately $1.5 million. This included the necessary hardware and software to run the system. It also included 100 mobile data terminals for the Police Department and 26 for the Fire Department. For an additional $37,500, a court management system could be added. Such a system would take advantage of much of the data gathered by the Police and transfer it to the Court. Appendix D describes the syste,u. An interesting footnote has been the proliferation in PC ownership by our employees. A number of employees have bought their own computer as a response to the Department's increasing demand for computer skills. It is not uncommon fcr these employees to work at home on their own machines and on their own time to complete work related projects. This has been an unexcepted side benefit to our program. The most recent price estimate for Denton's system was approximately $860,000. An itemized list is provided in Appendix A. This price does not include MDT's. Each MDT would add approximately $5,000.00 to the cost of the system. At least $640,000 would be needed in order to completely equip all Police and Fire vehicles with MDT's or laptops. Therefore, the complete system could exceed the original estimate of $1.5 million. This would depend upon how soon the system could be ordered and I installed. As a cost savings, MDT's could be phased in as new vehicles were purchased. A note of caution, however, the 800 mHz system was underfunded from the start and neither the Fire or Police Departments were able to purchase a sufficient number of radios. Budget constraints have not allowed this situation to be corrected. There are still vehicles and personnel without radios. In order for the system to be effective, it is critical that sufficient funding be provided. A lint of the proposed software is included on Page 7 of Appendix A. Fire Department software includes: Fire CAD, Fire Records I Management Company ,journal, Inspection Reporting, Arson Investigations, EMS Reporting and Alarm Billing. Fleet Maintenance can be used by both Police and Fire. In addition to dispatching, the software will allow our stations to link with one another and communicate electronically. This will allow us to eliminate a substantial amount of our current paperwork. 1 appreciate your consideration in this matter and remain available ' to provide any additional information that you may desire. JLC/bf I An CANc Denton Police Department 221 N. ELM DENTON, TEXAS 76201 r MEMORANDUM. I TO: John Cook, Fire Chief FROM: Xichael W. Jez, Chief of Police, DATE: March 5, 1993 RE: Information Management System, John; You requested soma information regarding what the proposed computer system will offer the police department. To a large extent, that depends upon what we purchase. Essentially, the funds would provide the Denton Police Department with the tech- nologfral equipment every modern police agency needs, enable it to handle the intricate management systems required by Community Oriented Policing, and give it the hardware necessary to utilize evolving federal and state law - enforcement databases in the years to come. The system would include Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) which will be a pivotal event in the modernization of both the Police and Fire Departments. Without it, both Departments can do little more than simply respond to calla for service. With it, DPD can maintain beat integrity, manage its calls, route them to appro- priate units for timely action, analyze them for common problems to be resolved, link them to computerized lists of warrants, domestic - violence court orders, and other potentially life - saving automated data. The CAD system will deliver these benefits: DPD will be able to automatic lly prioritize and categorize calla for service to ensure appropriate cesponses. The computer, and not the dispatcher, will automatically keep track of every available police and fire apparatus and match them instantly to the locations they can reach most quickly. Repeated calls to the same address will automatically be flagged. Officers will know, for example, about previous violent encounters at the locations they will be entering. Addresses sending repeated false alarms can be monitored, answered and even prosecuted. This feature alone could save countless work hours. (817) 566.8181 METRO 434.2520 it Awl No agenAaltem ` I 3 Supervisors in cruisers on the streets will receive contin&11B sot Ek- ,r their Mobile Data Terminals (MDT's) of the nature and status of activity//,,~ in their sectors. Supervisors will be able to help keep officers within their own beats and sectors more of the time. J • Response times can be analyzed. • Call distribution reports generated in a vanity of methods. • Effective staffing allocations can be determined. Additionally, the system would provide software programs in the following areas: • Law Enforcement Incident Reporting and Investigations • Jail Management + • Municipal Court • Personnel and Scheduling . Property and Evidence via Bar Coding • Pawn Shop Tracking . TCIC/NCIC Interfacing Currently all of these functions are performed manually. In short, our analytical III' capabilities are totally dependant upon the memory recall or manual processing capabilities of our employees. With the purchase of the system officers and detectives throughout the agency will be freed from time - consuming, sometimes haphazard methods of record keeping to perform basic police work for more efficiently as well as employ an automated system to perform the complex. analysis that modern policing requires. For the first time in department history, far example, supervisors will be able to review and distribute to their roll calls computerized lists of criminal and problem activity in their commands generated via computer. For the first time, detectives will have the tools to perform sophisticated crime analysis and mount tactical operations and systematic problem solving in response. MDT's or Lap-tops will enable patrol officer to do field entry of all incident reports cutting processing time from days to minutes ensuring a more effective response. Additionally officers will be able to access state and federal data- bases from there vehicles truly opening a whole new world of policing. In short, the system will revolutionize policing in Denton. I hope I have pro- vided you some insight into the systems capabilitias ob%iously there ace more than I have mentioned. Finally, the system will bring us up to-date and reedy us for the technology of the next decade. xc: Rick Svehla Deputy City Manager Computer Aided Dispatch r~aNcMSdOb-~ - Date The CRIS -CAD system provides a fast and effieieat way to maasge the now of information within your dispatch operation) t center. Beginning at the time a call is received, CRIS•CAD will keep track of an incident as it is initiated, cstigned to an officer, and thea cleared. Activity on officers is automatically maintained on the Officer's I.og. The CAD display shows summary information on all incidents and ofriceet. activities. The CAD display can be uniqueI configured by the dispatch operation anger. The configuration can be configured to alert dispatchers of officers on potentially dangerous caU who needs to be checked on more frequently, and to change the Color configuration. CRIS•CAD is designed as a toot to help Inutile 1i the burden of gathering the large amount of information that needs to be maintained by public safety agencies and to assist dispatchers in keeping track of all units. CAD Status and Display Window The CAD-Display and Command , Unit - $tat - Tlas-e.T. - Grid - InO - Location -Activity fine are the heart of the CRIS•CAD 1820 10.60 19156 14:50 10200 100 N MAIN 91 LICWT890021 stem. Cb uges and updates tube 1A23 AVAIL 17:43 21iO3 ON DUTY I6U 10.6 13136 21:10 AS 10191 CITY HALL made to several files with a single 4A1D 10.77 14:01' 20:45 *GAS* 15 DAs 14 command, allowing the dispatcher to TA19 10.60 13150 20156 10195 1029 JONES AVI LICIUT 9288399 quickly and effectively enter Mon Sep 11 10 46 199(1 P9 1/1 116 + wr't,N' ' 11 M 1 1,. i»N, Important incident lad tog 118 dr f Information without having to access individual entry sereeos. Iormation entered at the Command Line is 3H1'' t5 1 1i I I rs I, 1 r n ` , 1'` , i a l automatically directed to thin , appropriate fields in the Incident, call •uti v2.a I.og, and Status Display windows. . CAD Incidents Window An faeideat, is the stating point Incident 900010 of the documentation process in Received 1314 Dispatched 13:15 Arrived 13:11 Cloord 13:42 Public Safety agencies Some Date 02.12.90 Dispatcher P009 Orid 11 Sector 2 Mop 103 Jur, i5 incidents may require extensive Location 1600 V aR0A0 ST documentation and follow-up .J comp. WHITE, MARY JEAN iavestigatioaa others may require Address 1802 N sRAOD ST Ph" 553.8484 very Little. one or oe purposes of the CRIS Inc. Type FIRE NCIC Rep. 7703 Fire Alaro •CAD System is to 4otes/other Infornatl fraess the large amount of 32 • BACK TAP E6 INFO 13:42 incident Information that comes 52 • THIRD ALARM E6 14FD 13:26 :f Can the officer to the / 52-SPEC. CALL AODT'L LADDER E6 INFO 13:22 dispatcher. The Incidents SECOND ALARM E6 INFO 13:., -Un t t uof f I cars window captures :hit inform ation. F104 NEAL ENGINE CO. 4 NCIC Yur. 7705 Fire Atars F106 Nc6 ENGINE CO. 6 DISpo. 4 ACTIVE FL01 91 LADDER CO. 1 FE02 012 ENGINE CO. 2 At P Cue , . (900) 666•1NtEGG FAN (804) 649.8317 b1EGG Associates, Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 Computer Aided Dispatch ro01~5k~. mqmmmomwm~ Oats , , 1 , Lug History Window j =S ctt '1 un tr a The Leg History window contains Key'ete 03 02.90 Counter I vehicle the log records of omcers that Sey.Nlta are automatically posted as the ogee 07.02.90 Approval End.lll tot officers, are logged OFF du Shift lerlant Tat.Nllea o ty. Dtop/ x009 fuel Total Loy M. 26 %our$ $2 Minutes Total Area L.T. Cc& My Arr. Clear Ine No Orld harks 10.42 IOt27 1043 loft Wri 10.60 11r74 11131 400027 ISIS A cut r' 10.6 10121 10123 10x49 900011 SEOUESIINO "LtYllft INFO 10124 10.6 MIS 16107 900004 110 10.231405 10.60 1104 11152 90000a 10.4 11151f1ST a MAIN 10.41 17ro1 17101 ON DUTY ~ Tout Loq I.T. 26 Noure !i N{ata Total Area LT. In out tanrdad Area CRIS•CAD Reports The CRIS•Computer Aided Dispatch package Includes several pre-defined reports: Incident Log Incident Detail Case Lq Day/}!r Breakdown Officer lacldents Officer Cote Log Officer Activity Officer History Alarm Report J Response Time Report Involvement Report Property Report UCR Submission Reports Log Report Log History Report You can also cfeate any type of report that you need with EasyWriter, the Ad-Hoc report writer included in ti•e CRIS Computer Aided Dispatch pak,age. (800) 666•NIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 MEGG Associates, Inc., 100 Shockoe 5I1p, Richmond, VA 232194100 CRIS CAD,E911 Agen0altertL.ss.;~ ~1~___~ t C, The CRIS•E91I Interface works by receiving Wormadca from the E911 controuer insioNlin ' t4" 7t l!!S?phpna system. E911 controllers come in a variety of brands, types, slid coaGguratioas, each having differing data communication characteristics. When looking Into the acqultidoo of the CRIS CAD.E911 software, please contact a CRIS representarive. E911 Window to 2 Thlt window is used to view E911 calls that have been received sad processed by the Cleared Y leattton Dot* 05-29.91 11m►15103 ~ CR1S•E911Interface. Address 127 y MAIN of no CR1S•E911 gathers 911 c&M Now Joe nee received and stores the Information In the ohww No's not 511-t2U E911 file. 'This information may then 1:1 other Inforertlon in'Ported into an Iaddeat, or viewed uslog the E911 window. A report may also be ' produced showing the Time, Date, Address, Name, eta, of the 911 calls teoeived by your department. Stations Window 814110M 1 . ai' M.' The E9 it Station window Is used to configure each workstadoo otaertpt Ion that will be accessing the E911 data stream. M lnformWoa allows the CRIS-E911 Interface to identify which CRIS Import Name workstations tae to access Information from each E911 sudon, IMPOOLCOMB.e91t 1911 ttatlone Import Window for E911 't'his window allows configuration of the process used to convert E911 call data from the raw format received from the E911 control unit to a standard Revelation format useable by CRIS•E911. Typically, this process is set up at part of the CRIS•E911 installation, and should not be altered under normal operating circumstances. Moving CRIS CAD.E911 Data Into Incidents The CRIS E911 System automaticauy imports E911 information into the CRIS Computer Aided Dispatch Incidents window. (800) 666•hiEGG FAX (80' - ,,49.8317 MEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 Geographic Database Ap9n1i9ND _ _'MS0502 The Geographic Database wltb Run Cards Is designed to assist the user in verifying addreaaes. It will verify an addie~s as being Street Verified, Range Verified and Address Verified, Through the WriLcadod of in Address, Run Cards can be accessed, Rua Cards can asslat the user in dispatching the proper vehicles to an emergency. Streets Street ID 3 The Streets window holds street location information. It includes Wool the street name and the cross STUART streets wd ranges and Jurisdictions, Renee Cron stmt rw. Orid sector Map Ain Card gdd, sector, map number and Is 1004DO MAIN 13 2 12 1 21< 200.300 env 13 2 12 t 23s cross-referenced to the appropriate 300.400 FLOTD 14 2 13 s 400 run card. 400.600 wANMR 16 3 1s 10 600 Notes/SpaelAl Olreetlone/OEher 1n}ormAtlon I I ' Addresses Address D The Address window is used to • Last Modlfted on 06.09.90 store assorted Iaformadoa about Address Name a specific address, This includes 10123 CHESTNUT ST PIZZA CAINDERS construction, occupancy And ide utility data. tae Address record fur. Jur. s t sees Map ev Lot cony Alc 6 linked to the appropriate run Grid cud and pre•plaa record for this votes/speelat 0irectioru/other Inrormetton address. No ALAAN fyal[M. CAT[11 ON THE FRONT 00". TREIFAS11N6 NOT ALLOWED 9100 P.M. Run Card No. s Pre Plan No. 1 lest cons/Rowel 1935 MAN. OccLparxr Structure Type Use Occupancy Floors/Stories OS "Are Fiat Ues/rype EMIR Alarm toe sprIalar cat Electric Hydrants other Run Cards Mum Car I A The Run Cud wmduw stores recommended unit information for an address or range of Addresses. Description THIS RUN CARD Is FOR DtSTRICi 10 SUARTS DRAFT AREA lneldent Types URec Id's RESCUE NEW FIRE 114021 POLICE so$ (800) 666•,NtEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 MEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, %chrnond, VA 232194100 I RNIS.ELS ApmdaNo .___D/1S.OWL Ager a selrt~ The CRIS.EIS•RMS package Is deslgnod to help automate law enforcement 00 ; t 1 This package includes Summary Based Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), a central fife, use report writing fokurm ` National incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), personnel files and tralnlaS files. This Is version 3.0 of the Crime Reporting Information System • Records Matsagement System (CRIS-RMS). The s1pificrnce of this particular release b In its dedication to the FBI specifications of the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). All of the ancestral versions of CRIS have supported generations of Summary Baud UCR reports sad (in versions after 2.08) collection of NIBRS data elements. This version, 3.0, signifies full commitment to NISRS with the capture of the 53 mandatory data elements and the ability to compile NMRS statistical reports for submission at the state level. V With CRIS v3,0, MEGG Associates has adopted the motto of 7xv Defed Subm1srlau In this OoM the CRIS Cm Report Writer has many background processes which validate the FBI specifications for data. These protxues monitor 'I the data which is entered, if any of the data Is omitted or incorrect, u error message appears giving notification of the error and the corrective action to take. While this effort may not catch all NIBRS errors, it should mlatodu groatly the returns from the state sad the FBI for data errors. V Incidents The Incidents Me Is cued to Inetdanr 7 specify when and wbere m Aaosived 09100 Dispatched 09102 Arrl+ad 09106 Cteared 09106 Incident occurred, by Including Oats 05.14.01 Dispatcher 1009 rur. Geld lector pop who was sent to the incident teeatlon 123 vl4ltN IT and we nature of thin incident. carp. UGGAN, PAN Address 123 Y MAIN IT Veh. Lit. Phorn Tow Caspany ► NCIC Rep. 2003 Artan - luafness Dafrmd t ' -NOtn/Other Infarnrtlav When entorirp the but dtnr, the odor of aadoltM was p etent. ~tJn1 t1/Of f INr! ` 1177 1177 WITH, LARRY NCIC Wr. 2003 Arson • Ivelnsss 0efraud I h Dispo, a ARRRIT At ► case 7 (800) 666•SIEGG FAX (804) 644.8317 NIEGG Associates Inc,, 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 I , M I1 I RMS.ELS Agenda No MS6601 OlTense/Activity Delall Wormatlon Window AQendall@M ) :C.j._._ The Offtau/Activity Dftttttt0i tk9~4SLdf li.4EOd to mole cool collect the MGRS dolt that « latrs to a specine Offeate, It In Code e 171 Crime 131 Cr me, As etnst rteri Persons rpreona u/POtlu i3 traditional to list the offense Coles in Order of IR lod Ale C significancy l~ : atNlias lb ~ L' Uetnl A Code 03 type Activity U InterW Method Weapon 65,60 type security 02 toots Used 10,99 IL- i The People Windows- Code Al, Arrested en er The PEOPLE Section Is Intended for all persons associated Nose God*, JANET D0/ 011.21.43 with a au or any bluineues that may be associated (a Ace AAKA 123 Y NASN It fox Mf business use be lilted u a victim). Note that the typo of es2 IICNIIW, V4 23219 Rve. N Rau Y people screen presented wilt vary depending on the Code Now $55.1212 York RU-4600 Eth. N entered. (VI-Victim I, A1-Arrestee 1, tic.). Pp CeI1TI4111LO, VA Kalr ILK TIN 222.11.5555 Eyes MD OLr NT 509 04 UNEMPLOYED YT 153 r/I Worn ILUI JIANI, (LACK T•I4111 CPLK PALE sm? NO WOLIN[ $01IN ENI# Arrest Deuil ' ° iota$ T Prints V AR No. 1 f11 No. lute No. 11345 Are. typo 0 Are. lap 2003 Multi. CLR N Cleared Cues Weapons Used 01 Are. At ?-it, PN 6 WiN Arr. On 05.14.91 Ties Apr, 1400 looked At N44311RA19 looked On 0514.91 rise Od. 14102 Netd for OJ N Prev, tuap. E A1e7 Jwenlle Pearl Anwar the tollowbq It the subject to e luvenilet duvenlle Dlsposlelon Adult Present Detention. Approved Parents notified by NIIRI/Adofn. Detall Central Wax to Vlellm type Relatloeshlp Victim OfteMu Injury Assault (800) 666-NIEGG FAX (804) 64944317 MEGG Assoclates inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 i J RMSeELS 1 • endtl MD 0.01 Central Index Personal Information The Central IndeA tS the t~tSii><1 to t Dot, JOHN - al-ot•so names file In the CRIS ryslem. Nrne DoE. JOHN It coal" au Penn as that have AKA guild Come Into contact with the taw CGWtX. CdOfcemeat ADDS RICHMOND VA 23220 Soh agtOCy. Each qt RICHMOND VA 23220 record Can Include peiaoaal j Hone SSS•lau Nair IRO Information, opetalional data, Work 555.5353 N' tan' offense and activity detail, fold PO's RICH)" VA 23220 toed Interview and known associate { DO! 01.01•50 Age 40 Dlaiai detail and nay associated 1 DLO 222222222 $NT vehkte Wormatioa. SIN 222.22.2222 Attire San N, to Aaae W OCC/CRD Ethn. N EMP/SC" Weight ISO Parent Height 600 Operatiorw l cats 00E, JOHN • 01.01.50 At Weapon Photo$ a AAS Cop. Code ii Prints y i MllsE y own/or" i state/ too. N Other NCIC ►P Alert Offense/Aetfvity Detail Cade A Date 04.04.00 DRe 90000 Typs A Sourcelf I.A1009 Offeroe/Activity Dle Larceny Parts Frost Vehicle position Aggravated Asesult • "otfeelly Wespo field Intervew/Known Associate Detail DOE, JOHN • 01.01.50 Interviw Date locatlat Interview Time Offltar CIrewstense Asso. ID Relattorrhlp Nava - Weepaf -Lang/Group Info. ofspo. Associated vehicle Record ll Yoh. 10 'r Notes DOE, JOHN • 01.01.50 JOHN ON HAE tW PLACES WHERE HE LIKES TO RAND OUT ALOT AT. THE rIRST is 14"'1 SAN. EROWN'S EAR It LOCATED AT THE INTERSECTION of NutaEART ST I AND SrUARf AVE. TKE SECOND RANG OUT FOR JON" DOE IS THE WAIN EVENT DISCO. THE WAIN EVENT 11 AN Will HOUR! SAe 01 SOULEVAAO EEIWEEN WESTMORELAND AND CRACE ST. 1 1 (600) 666•NIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 MEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Rlchmond, VA 232194100 { i i 1 RMS,ELS agendafJoQ41. National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Date CRIS supports the collection of data for the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The CRIS RMS.SLS system uses the standard FBI required formulas for the MR. data collection and will generate MBRS data files based on the FBI standard. Summary Based Uniform Mime Reporting The CRIS RMS.ELS system Is set up to asset you In submitting your UCR Crime reports. The CRIS system will collect the UCR information while your department Is writing the case reports. When you are ready to tabulate this Information, the system will Tally UCR statistics and print a report using the standardized FBI UCR reports. (Not all states comply with these printed forms. If your state has specific forms that they want UCR information submitted on, we suggest that you use CRIS RMS.ELS to tabulate the UCR Information, then transfer that information to your standardized state forms.) j The CRIS RMS.ELS package includes several pre-defined reports: Incident Log Incident Detail Case Log Day/Hr Breakdown Officer Incidents Officer Case Log Officer Activity Officer History Alarm Report Response Time Report Involvement Report Personnel Report UCR Submission Reports You can also create any type of report that you need with EasyWriter, the Ad-Hoe report writer included In the RMS.ELS package. The RSIS.ELS package 4 extrraely user friendly and has many advantages: Menu Driven System, .help Key with detailed help lastructiors that are unique for every field in all databases, Modular Construction that enables the user to add-on modules as they need them, User Modifiable default fields, On-Line NCIC Codes that are available at the press of a key, and NC1C Code Modification. SUM (800) 666•MEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 b1EGG Associates Inc,, 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 23219.4100 y Case Tracking AgedsN0 _ LR~VZ,-r pan a - The Investlgatlve Casa Tracking Add-0n module Is designed AS a management tool Tha~lYodula ati~ive 1 and update the states of eases in your department. Most of the fields that you sae are automatically posted from other ff ' ' processes and windows in CRIS. The system allows you to view these other processes and windows by way )I Isoftkeys' and •relations' keys in the Investigative Cue Tracking Window. The Investigative Case Tracking Window The top section of this window cast Number 90000 shown the current cese stn the Cost Dlspositton Openrclosed W" OPEN current disposition of the eau Now Asolaned To 1009 KATHY PUMA and the officer who is curreetly Orfolnat :nctdme assigned to the eau. INS 1 1n. 019po. 2 ARREST AccftentP Data 04.03.90 IIee 06:15 Orig. Po 1009 KATHY rnLER t"~«+d1 The middle section shows the R Report Mtstory report history; what reports have sport 10 Report Otte Ty" Dispositton at Report Posted Om been written on this who I.A77 04.03.90 A 2 ARREST cap, 1.011009 04•10.90 A 2 AAREIT 04.10.90 wrote them, and when. It also Asst. To Asia. on Motu - AufOnssMtt Dhows the manager to aatign of tons* tumery - - tasks associated to this case. verltied at the time of Incident: 2304 Larceny • Parts from VehleA Most notable from the 1s% roportl 2304 Larceny • Parts from vehicle no bottom part of the window corrected NCIC clutiffestioni showstheoffense summaryinfor- Offense statistically emnteds 2304 Larceny • Pares from Vehicle Archive :n}orsetlon motion connected with this case. { OR to Archival Oast of Archive rase Tracking Summary Report cue irac sumery The Case Tracking Summirv cue Nurber 90000 report is a hard copy printout cite Disposition of the information contained OPWctosed Sleeve OPEN In the Case Tracking window. Now Alslaned To 1087 PRANK JONII In addition, space is t43 K Orfolnal Incident included for an a royal tar I In. Dlapo. 2 AARISI Accfdenti pp ug' 0414 04.03.90 Iogov,dy nature and date. time 041IS Will. Po 1009 KATHY FULLER Ctport History Report ID Report oats Type Disposition at Report Posted On 1.A" 04.03.90 A 2 ARREST 3.41009 04.10.90 A 2 AAAIIT 04.10.90 1.81009 04.27.90 A 2 ARREST rent s Alto. To Ails. On Noaa Assl an Ica? 05.02.90 00 A 0MV CHICK ON Ott 45e623W Offense Iumery ~4rIfIad at the tlae of fnefdentl 2304 Larceny • Parts from Vehicle Nott notable from the tot reports 2304 Larceny • Parts from Vehicle Corrected MCIO elatslfleations Offense statistically counted: 2304 Lire" • Parts from Vehicle Archly* Information OK to Archlvel Approvsd Dale of Archive (800) 666•SIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 hIEGG Assoclates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 Accidents rbeodak)WQ(A? Date The Acetdmts Add-On module b designed to automata traffic accident data for your department. Accidents Window The Accidents window is broken 10 1 Ace tDole 06•t a•90 rime 09100 down into several sections by the Count' r" inA4ar I City/Town RICHMOND Niles iq,a '#3 Dlr Town a location of the accident. Lsca>ilNC r N[NAtco 3r vehicle/driver information, owner 1 Nil"~ from fast Iran Or-. 11roe Information, participant, Kern tot IV inC o w,h tnvppt ad ambulance, and road Multt•valuti♦ Yohlcttinr~wr Inforrutlon Yeh characteristics iots AAOdr A S r MUMPS? ~~ttCC~~p~p .3$ $ y i /hone a04 111$ 22222 Aaee W DE limber $35446776 Sea I OL at``ta NCc 0 1•S0 OL Restrict an uEAA OLAEMlf nb• Now The form shown to the lei p 1: clito C. DO Is Rate Specific for North Cuolina. clew tneoaltatsal Plea" Call to Inquire about the ae t vcfl~aan 14 ContrIbut /Hya. Cp ine 12 availability of a form specific to Ythlete TA 1 917 M r 16 Your Mite, Make OAD Naul Iwr+t 0 0 tnltwr o61.ao~ ty,1 (Diagramming not included.) p~1PtyIM N Ott" Y' Pte.-liief 1.1.164 Point contact N l ctnae a M loll er L C= TO Crone Medd1l VGt S 111556 off Sa Aesoveedd To Po Yeh, foNd MW SS Aasoval AuatAOrlrlWWy MAJ ~MENAY VtA. Or2+r*]not t `pppeeeeQ 3$ , Parts 0•Argad Ire•iapot to d value Ovalle Post fepaet Oot•ne• qqppqq ,I Yth. O rattl0n N ~ dd~r}r 24J4$,tMMrp1t 1~4ptIt D0a 01%01•$0' VA r~op qtr vi4w /reperty Owrwr IrCO. Owrwr Addr I Prop. Over Cf~i Prop. dwtr Da MuIH•vlus! PartleiDoeanns information Iartlclp•tlon Cr [ Assoc f•tad V0166 Addr~ ell {~~gNMAANCA121iS St•91•d0 ON Rees Y Phlone 155.1234 In)urv Ctus ItlerYJNetmat , Charges Aapo~tfDate 012 90 IEffAM, IETTT { I J (800) 666•MEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 AIEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 23219.4100 Vehicle Maintenance AgenMo.NISODU7 The Vehfcle Maintenance Add-0a module 6 designed to assist deparimrnts in monitoring t btafnteaaacs and general service of department vehldcs, This module als3 Includes gas log information as well u gas pump information Vehicle Maintenance The Vehicle Maintenance W els No. 1 Licanse No. AS416 Window is used to store make FORD LTeenas Esp. Od-02.91 neral information about a ~Node1 LTD MUCH, Date Purchased 01.01.90 ge Ytae 1949 Date Retired department vehicle, ruutiae Y.I.M. Al 12587743 Initial Hltsaee 600 service, vehicle repair Description 441, ILUt 4 WHITI Grose Weight 20,000 Information and parts foot TvPu UNLRAIIID Oil Used '10-4D AIF litterPENICK purchased informatloa ~ Fuel capacity 25 GAL all Fatter PENtoll. tire$ DOODYEAA Fuel Filter PINSOIL if" Olt MOM Routine Iarvlce alt! 90 Daserfptlan coat, It 1104114 Neat Serviced ly 04.01 .90 4 OIL CHANCE 25.00 $00 09.01.90 KrF 1 06•;1.90 1 WASH I WAX 31.00 $10 06.07.90 UP Whicle 11"If Inforoptlon We 111tea9e Aeason Aepelred ey Aapete. Vet, Order No. 05.21.90 250 @AD t1AATIA FORD CO. 1,000.00 10235 Pods Purchased tnforwatlon Oats Paris Pur0uod At Price Warranty Ifar 06.25.90 STAAIIR Fella CO. 1,000.00 2TA Gas Logs ~I Lae No. The Gas Lop Window is designed to maintain a r .fiord of fuel usage. Oats 06.04.90 Each time a vehicle Is fueled, The date, vehicle milage, and the gallons used vehicle I to" FORD LTD Mlteape $00 is entered. Gallons 20.0 1 Gas Pump The Gas Pump Window 6 designed to be uted in two ways. The first way Lof No. 0Ie•04.90 Pwp I is to record when the Su tank is refilled, who filled it, the cost and eumbet 04116 Aeadlne $0000.0 of gallons of gas, and the pump reading at the time it b filled. The second Canons 1000.0 use, Is to track the pump reading at the first of each month. Vendor SHELL Mount $5,000.00 (800) 666•bIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 NIEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 i I r~ Temporary Booking and Holding 4ge9daNoMS000$ r Booking Window 1'i~cC The Temporary Bocklog and looking No. 4 Date 10. 04.12.90 Holding Add-Oa is designed for Eire IFi.' 10137 the Law ED OMMIeat agency that AeNam SMITH, IJ114 Jatian may have to hold Individuals over a AKA. ON 221.51.4997a 65 wekend, overnight, or for any FOR RICHMOND VA te!soa uctU another facility can Address $35 MAIN it DLO 222554569 It VA cs2 RICHMOND, VA we 1 take the individual. The Phew No. 555.1256 Fire It No Temporary Booking and Holding 04. status loco V 1 Height 600 ryes 140 SK? Big Rost ON WPIA LIFT FCRUAM Add•Oa is fully functional as a Tail sea N Weight ?'M Nair goo Package. It Includes Booking, Occupation P4LMIR Medical Screening, Property tmptoyer ACMI PLUMBING SIRVICI Information, Trawa Jo1u and 1 Eeployer Addr 444 STUART CIACLI Work Phone 553-8.1173 Release information. The Imer4ency Iniirsetion Temporary Booking and Holding Kin No" 11JR0, MAIL am tear IURNI, NARY Add-On configuration paranwen Kin Addr $55 NIN0IA1 UNE IN Addr $51 VINOIRI LAKE can be modified to conform to the Kin tit RICHMOND VA IN0 CIZ AICHMONO VA Kin Phone 551.4698 INO PHe 1115.6694 way a Law Enforcement Agency Retstionship 112194 processes Individuals (e.g. medical - Arrest Information then booking or booking then Arrested By 1111 WILLIE CORMAN Agency RID Data Arrested 04.17.90 Arrest Leution STN 4 IIUSKALL medical). Tine Arrested 09:00 Aerial C12 RICHMOND VA Warrant No. loo Type DNV Court 5TH 5111410 This window gathers all personal Agency JCPO and charge information about the lemarke arrestee. The Window is divided Charge tnfonrtl Commltment No. (al I Into several sections: personal, neA Ca type Length Credit Where code Descrption CRT $IF Ialt Amt. of kin, arres4 charge, and internal CF 3021 IT RICK" 1015 Failure to Appose AICNN Cl 1500.00 Information. Jurisdiction APO Total Fine comeltted Date 04.20.90 IordaDla loll sentenced Due 05.01.90 Cash lei1 1500.00 Sentence Judge FAAMIR rotate 9500.00 sentence Length 002100/003 j lesion Confined 20 tells$e Date Internal Inforntlen Call %U*4r 111 classification MEDIL04 Locker Nurrbar Phone Call 04.17.90 SKIS Medical By 1111 WILL11 COBHAM looking ly 1009 MITI FULLER searching my 1009 IVTY FULLIA photos my 1009 1ITTY FULLER Prints my 1009 MIT 7ULLIR Cmmnder 1177 Scott MARKS Report ID OKI Inds No 2 Notes (800) 666.MEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 MEGG Associt M Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 Temporary Booking and Holding igandaNo Properly Sheet This winlow wil'. collect Iooking0 1 SM[fM, JOHN 500 1 Locker 0 100 Information on the Inmate's property. Tt.o leformatloa Currency S.W Currency Total 5.23 Credit Card type entered includes theinmrlename coin .27 check, Total 1.00 and number, moneys tW the inmate possess, jewelry, other checks Safe keep personal items and vehicle Expound Information. Casaffury 1l.tl Jewelry type COLD AMC GOLD Y2DDINO KINDIptlon Missile a Coat N Knffe N lu0pepa N Keys T Hn/hnef l N Lighter N Yaltatlpurse Y Not N shoes y Wt k cfgerettn N Other hear 0"criptlon of property Romorks I10*A MueEer 1 Irpouci off. 1009 11M PULLIN Impw Loc. $TN 1 MARSHALL Date 04.04.90 time Tdf43 ys.hfalo Year 1980 vehlcte Make FORD Wits Model 14ONCO License pieta, ADF 189 stab VA Notes 11 (800) 666•MEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 MEGG Associates Inc,, 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 Wants/Warrants & Civil Papers also M 0609 -=l- The Wants/Warr:ntsAad•On module is designed to automate, track, and document Crimia4mrrants440 PaysK. The Wants/Warrants & Civil Papers Window This window provides a centntued Paper No. I Loudon from which to eater, Matter/style (0110NYEALTM OF VIRGINIA V JONES seuch and vita history on all Paper Detall Paper Type S Su r*m Date Issued Criminal and Civil warrants. Court Doti 05.1s•90 Oats Received 04.12.90 Origin JAMES C171 PO Date Uslgrwd 04.12.90 Court Jc OISINICT 10 Date serv`d 04.12.90 Judge ROIERt 9. LEE Date Raturrwed 04.13.90 Forwarded To 4tllIAMSM4 9NERIFF11 % Asa Ired to 1009 NAYNY AAFINAa Served Ily 1009 WHY AAEINAM fee paid Service Type On Naed tndlvlduet Information Code Dt Dog 01.01.42 Name JONES, MART Age 48 Alias Sex F Addrela 444 CAL1fOANIA OR Its" Y CS2 WILLIAMS"a VA 23221 Nrnr Phone 559.1234 Eaployer SELF work Phone 955.1234 Plaintiff Information Platntiff Address CSj photo (1) COMIROMALTN Of VINO 2300 %RUAD 91 RICHW O, VA 2: 361-0000 hoteef Wants/Warrants List Report The Wants/Warrants Add•Oo package will print a Want/Warranl report by type of warrant served and the name of the person served. The module can be used with eitherlbe CRIS•RdIS.EtS or the CRIS•JAIt_EtS package. oil (800) 666-1NlEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 biEGG Associates Inc,, 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 T-Erwrt.-Ort IWKF3 I Citations /OildaNo _.W0910 The Citations Add-0a module it used to document all Citations trued by your ageacy,parlnna violatio- as, this window automatically posts the Citation information directly to the Central Index and V![ do-iodex. - << - 1I The Citations Window `r c tatf orvl 1 FV70-OF EATNT FUL11 AN The Citations window is designed as Date 04.04.90 DR1 123 vehl 2 a tool for entering in Citations, as 1 Tian R 11 1 c1A t location SIR L MARSNAtI Ale. X Y well as a tcol to Qtdckly access ~ Loc. Coda Radart Citations after they have been i entered. violator identification Vehicle informatiom Name DOE, JOE Year 110 Address 123 ITUART Make FORD After a Citation has been entered Cst RICNMOND VA 23220 Modal. IRONRO into the CRIS system and posted to 0. Shona 555.1234 Color. 3LU[ + W. PhaM SSS•S555 £1c. 123 VOf the appropriate master flat, ! 001 Ot•Ot•40 State VA pertiaant lnformation is accessible fox M Roca V Nr 602 Exp. 01.01.91 through the Citations window. [yes IRO Nair ORO WE 200 DL1 222254444 State VA - Misc. Coding Blocks OL Exp. 01.01.92 Me N IT I AC N The following two reports list all Employer STUART CAR WORLD BE N DR W Mp Bi Citations either sorted by officer or violation and D i spot i t f on O e to i t sorted by violations NCIC violatfon section Code Type Disposition 1713 Exceeding the Speed Limit L M Court JAMES CITY letter 04.04.90 Warrant I Citations by Officer repared on CITATION report t:y OFFICER from 01-01-00 to TIM pogo M Itationl. P1... Officer Data.... f1me. Name................. Sax Violation.............. court..... 1 1009 NATMY FULLER 04.04.90 09100 DOE, JOE M SPE10110 JAMES CITY see 2 1111 WILLIAM SMITM 04.05.90 13100 CONTRARY, MARY A Reckless Driving R1CNMf11it1 I Citations by Violations Prepared on 04-21-90 CITATION report try VIOLATION from 01-01-13 to Pepe 1totiva. violation Date.... Time. Name........... sex Officer.............. Curt...... 2 Reckless Driving 04.09.90 13100 CONTRARY, BURY F OANITA GERMAN RICN110ND 11 Exaesdtrq the Speed Limit 04.04.90 09;00 009, JOE M NENx114 FULLER. JAYIS CITY 1 I I (800) 666•MEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 NIEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 , The Officer Productivity Report agsndaNo r S-W, The Ofllcer Productivity Add•On module is designed as a tool to help determine officer pMctlvl~ S'he' Frcduaiv'tty ,1 program produces a report for an officer or group of officers for activities occurring within a selected range of dates. The user can also seicct certain files to be used. The files that are available i7clude incidents, incident history, can report headings, case traddng, central index, citations, and log history. The rcport an be ma for one or all of then files. Sample OMcer Productivity Report ME 06 POLICE D£PT. 1`. pager t Productivity Report from 01.01.80 to OS-02-00 Prepared on 05-02.90 13x6 Unitas LAWR"CE NAME Incident Sufrrryt to DATE LAYER DE SC LOCATION OR ?NO 0v MPG = 9000C6 12.14.19 2202 lurgtary forced Emir SSS TWIN STREET "Mr 1177 4 900025 03.08.90 5411 traffic Offerre • CI 1300 4UtL STREET MT Ov 2 total rnefdantat 03 Ineldent lllatory Sutaaryt ID DATE LAVER DESC LOCATION DR PRO ov 0161,0 890002 1011.19 9901 EXTREMIST CA" 320 M. 207M IT 50.07.01 1177 DIV 4 Total Incidents from iN.NIITt I Citation Summryr In DATE LOCATION VIOLATIONS DR Typo 1001 05.02.90 STN E MAIN {AILING TO STOP M Total Citations 1 Casa Rapart Sutmfryt ID DATE DAMN Typo AN NCIC Me DC 900006.A" 01.23.90 090007 A A 2202 lur/tery Forced Entry Rnfdanea 4 90022311 03.01.99 190010 C A 1220 Aggravated Robbery Total Ca test 02 Adult Arrtstsi 01 Juvenile Arrestst 0 Cafes Astignad this perfodr DACE DATE CASE NCIC REpotis REPOTTED UNIT ASSIGNED 401E 911P0 20.40.01 204001.Arr 1171 12.04.89 /OLLOJ UP WITH INFORMANTI4 ~i 190007 lurllsry forced [miry Not 900006.A17 1171 02.21.90 HAVE CRIME ANALYSIS ANALY4 190009 ReIfdentiel surglary 900021.A77 1177 02.28.90 CKCX WITH GOLD AND SILVE4 Total Was Aseflnnd this perlodi 3 Field interview Summryr ID OPFICIR DATE LOCATION CIRCUMSTANCES 36 1117 05.12.89 3115 MAASU LL IT ASKED LAIN SOFA QUESTIONS A8C1Uf A EMERY 14 THE Total IntarrlM. I (804) 666•MEGG FAX (804) 619.8311 NIEGG Associales Inc., 100 Shockoe Silp, Richmond, VA 132194100 I Emergency Call Index Agenda No __MSQ 2 The Emergency Call Index Wlodo r is used for keeping track of important telephone au~1&a W4 r" b~ Iadivlduals • i l It can be used to retain 'call out' information and notes about specific department emergency responses. The window' contain names of individuah or of businesses and their respective telephone numbers. It also holds the names and numbers of responsible parties and their telephone aumbers. There Is a notes field that can be used to hold any pertinent information that relates to a particular phone number. The Emergency Call Index Vv'Indow the Emergency Call Index Window Is broken Phws List 1D t down Into the name, address usd telephone Now Iq ICA GROCERY STORE number of the person or business the telephone Address K MIN AVE number telsles to. There is a category for Phone Nunbers s55-1274 respocuuble parties. People to contact at boo sss-1131 businesses and people to contact In caaea of I Responsible Parties work Phone xome Phone emergencies nabs placed here. A notes field is THW5, NNE sss-bare 577•2iss available to put all pertinent notes that relate to i the telephone number. NotekJieportsnt Informetlat - CALL NNE IF THERE IS AN EMERGENCY INVOLVING THE IGA (800) 666•,N1EGG FAX (804) 649.8317 b1EGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Rlchmond, VA 232194100 f Vehicle Impounds ~endaMD Xii QQ13 The Vehicle Impounds Add On module Is designed as a tool for documentiall vehicles impp;~~ It tracks the driver, owner, vehicle description as well as an inventory dielist. The Vehicle Impounds Window Impourd Me. 1 tromM Offlaer 1177 J NFS, MIAs The Vehicle Impounds window OR No. 9oDO Reeoved Fra BLVD Is broken into several sections. Incident No. 1 Tow Co. Marv ACME TONING - The Impounds wiadow, allows State Tax No. Stored At RPO IMPOUND the user to S Impound Date 06-is-90 Transported pcafy whin tsgoud time 113DO Released By equipment IS on or stored to tapovd Type sNOU R.ISe.ed Date the impounded vehicle. There Is also space provided to list Driver NNW any damage information about Driver Addreas Driver ID Driver CS2 e1e 410. the vehicle. The last section is Driver Doe for the officer that inventoried Driver ISM this Impounded vehicle. The officers name, along with the owner lam JOHNSON, Btu time and date are entered. Owner Address 444 JEFFERSON owner ID 17 There is also a plate for t owner CH RICHMOND, VA 23220 witness to be entered Ovur Doe 01.01.50 owner ISM 222.22.2222 Once an Impound record is yelp 67 entered and saved, the vehicle Make FORD hate VA driver and owner are both Model MUSTANG year 91 VIN 45670 Plate A3E 687 posted to the Central Index Color Bleat Vshlete Index 10 2 Idwmation of the vehicle is Radio Jack R 6tove Comport. R posted to tho Vehicle Index star" K scare Tfr. X Front seat R The posting funclioa for floor Nate R WheatMCirrors overs X Trnk/Lu9ase x desired tan disabled it FIRST AID air Miscellaneous inventory JUMPER CABLES BROKEN NEAD LIGHT RION? SIDE Inventory Offfter 1111 UItSON, NARK Data 06.15.90 Time 11304 Ifftneae Name MINCIRSON, DUDLEY (800) 666•MEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 hiEGG Assoclatee Inc., 100 Shvkoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 s Vehicle Impounds AQenea No Vehicle Impound Report Date van cl. tapvurd r .o Report 'Lbe Vehide lmpouad repdr! Tf +7 a Comprehensive printout Of the tepa No. 1 trownd officer 1177 JONES, IRIAN Information Captured in the Do No. 9000 DR Incident Iewtoved From BLVp Vehicle Impound window. ax No. I row Co. Now ACNE TOWIMO State Tax No. Stored At APO IPPOUNO Iapard Da to 06-15-40 Traruportod lrpoad Tir 11:00 Relaaod By 00oud Typo SNOW lot 6001 Date..: Driver Nar Driver Address Orivr ID Driver c12 C I t Mo. Driver DOB Driver $$a Owner Nor JOHNSON, BILL Owner t0 17 Owwr Address A« JEFFERSON AVE Owner CB2 RICHMOND, VA 23'20 Owner DON 01.01.50 Owner SSN 222.22.2222 Year e7 Peke FORD state VA Model PusTANo V:N 456719 Plvast, 91 ate A31 68T Color BLUE Vehicle Index t0 2 Stereo N B1Mro Tire ra x X Glove Compart..It co front Sot N Floor Pate k uHalNCvvera K Roar lost 1L TMA/LuBBago 1f FIRST AID KIT Nfscellanooua Inventory JUMPER CABLi1 2 01B OF OIL Blclo Oanwtge veh BROKEN MEAD LIGHT RIGHT St (800) 666•NIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 MEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232194100 1 i Evidence and Property Management Ae ' M daNo - t~ S00,2r~ NOUN -01 Mm~- The Evidence Pro design (1tif9 ~ / p6rfy Management Add•Oo is deli ed to help a police agency keep track o? pro`" 'jt 5eips a department keep track of where property is, who has it, and who to contact to claim the property, ~ i Property/Evidence Window Property/Erfdanea ID 1 Keynama liMlfN/J/H•21•b2 Each piece of property is the Property status Evldenca current location PROPERTY ROOM EVIDENCE flee must be eithr`.r Tao No. ,1096765 found or recovered property or Record 1nlormatfort a piece of evidence. 't'his DR No nfOr Obtained Information window allows the user to Incident No 2 Oita Obtained 05•29.91 T1 specify where the property a~ Obtained 09:00 Report Dote 05.29.91 Location 123 WEST MAIN sT came from, who received it, looktnQ t:,tor+rtion abtalned ly SMITH, LARRY and where it Is currentl Delivered By SMITH, LARRY NCJt Chocked 05-29-91. located. y delivered To NEGG PD Flnat Dlspoeitfon Delivered Date Os-29.91 Time o9:07 Dlepoaftion Returned Receiving Information Returned To JEAN SMITH DIIp01ed iY TURNER, Received DANITA Iy tURNFA, DANITA Data Disposed 05-30-91 Recafved Data 03•29.91 T144 09:07 Mas Stored At EVIDENCE LOCKER AutNorrlied ly Pits, LARRY Owner Code V1 Property Description Serial Central Index i rlal No. roE 72567 Article TV V+su+ 1725,00 0041 ACA SUPER COLOR Recovered 6!•29.91 Lict Color/094c. 1 294 COLOR TV V1AIcten Manufacturer RCA e ID D Quantity 1 status E banal Data ffaa ReceivedNlynRNeon foorCustody 1 0!•29.91 093219 TURNFI DAN TAKE TO COURT Taken to 2 05-29 91 113209 FULLEN, KAi AITURMEO 10 PROPERTY R GGO COURT ROOF ET Notes THE EVIDENCE WAS RECOVERED SH04ILY AFTER THE IURGLAAY. Property Tracking Window Trans Id I Date 05.29.11 Time 09,19 Thu window is used to track the chain of custody of evidence and Property. YOU roperty is moved~y eater information into this window if the ProTerry Identification P Property/Evidanee ID 1 TV DR Nulber 2,A77 IN Number 2 Tao No. 109176! CMfn of custody The CRIS•RMS Evidence and Property Management Module also Released ly SMITH, LARRY comes with several pre-defined reporq: Released of1041e TAKE TURNER, COUNT New Location CO COURT MAIN It Property Sheet Owner 1.6116325 Notes PROPERTY TAKEN TO COUNT Report of Property Property Eligible for Disposal (800) 66CNIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 b1EGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Slip, Richmond, VA 232191100 Permits and Licenses Agenda fte SQd~ The Permits and Licenses Add-On module is designed to document the issuing of Permits and Licenses from your department for regulatory functions, such as ABC, Gaming, Parades etc. The Permits and Licenses Window f The Permits and ESceams Add- Permit No. 1 On documents permits and Permit Code of Banquet License issued 10.18.91 Event Data 10.18.91 licenses issued for various events, Issued ay 1177 MAAKE, LARRY Expires ID-18-91 Event Ends 10-18 91 activities, and regulatory Licensee Licensee (11 108'5 PAR AND GRILL TYypp~a Corporation functions. Address 100 Y MAIN ST Description CSi RICMMOMD, VA 23116 state Tax N* Profile t t Fed Tax No phone 555.1234 fro" Name Affiliated Persona Name Phone Address I TAYLER, KIM 783.8472 100 SMDCKDE SLIP. Cw~ta Spacial fraternity party. Detailed irformatioa on individuals requesting the permits are is Memo TAYLIA, KIM the Profile pop-up. j Address 100 SHOCKOE SLIP Cs2 RICHMOND, VA. Phone 783.802 Personal Profits IX) Affillatlors Data Details II Wipe, 10-18.91 WORKS NIGHT SHIFT i Add i t l"I. I n f orma t ton i new mrtoyaa. More det"edinformation onAffUatedpersons isentered inthe AKA KIM EASY Affiliated Persons pop-up. SIX F 008 11.09.70 Race 4 POO MalSht Cltltenahlp US Weight IS No. 234.564890 Moir Noturatiastlon Eyes Pan port No. SMT Ation Card Proviaus Arrests Year City/State offense Sentence 1989 RICHMOND, VA 5311 DISMISSED I The CRiS-RMS Event Permits and Licenses Module comes with two pre-defined reports. Permits Report Summary Permits and Licenses Report r (800) 666•AIEGG FAX (804) 649.8317 NIEGG Associates Inc., 100 Shockoe Sllp, Richmond, VA 232194100 V" ..-.J ,...v y,aa .w, ..u, Agenda Item, "17:,23 Date _ a...' EPd SYSTEM, INC. A Public Safety Systems Irregwor .4PPLlCAV0,v S0MVARE DESCRIPTION PRICE MO. MAM. LAW ENFORCEVE.NT CAD i n. 60,850.00 76100 dudes lay Base nd Elecimme MOW r FIRE CAD Includes Easy Base and 60,8<0.00 761.00 EJectsomic Memo LAW ENFORCE%MNT NMTI• 40,0W.G0 334.00 CATIONS da INFORMATION LAW ENFOP.CE,l1L•NT PERSON. 101000,00 8400 NEL & SCMULINO IVL MANAOEmExr 27,I00.00 22600 ML mc2AL COURT 46300.00 388.00 ME RECORDS MANAGEMENT 30.000.00 230.00 texludes Rosa Tesdng, R)drant Test. ing. Fun Reposing, Trainine, Smuly lnventory, Oederu Inventory 1:0,19 NY JOURNAL 10,000.00 84.00 INSPECTION REFORTiNO 10,000,00 87.00 ARSONE04MTIOA110NS 27250.00 233.00 F-W REPORTLNG 4,000.00 14,00 ALARM BR.LINO 3.100.00 26,00 FLEET."NTFNANCE 6,200.00 52.00 EAI EMUL4TION SrrE LICENSE 61000.00 50.00 REDUNDANTSOFTWARE 51,277.00 427.00 TOTAL APPLICATIONSOF'I'WARE 393.127.00 3.703.00 DrtWii•~a~N ndooamsi%:anndrtaaaeuhiefarmAuai. ►AIt.WO.1 orll.gs 1s,1~ Qr1s :es .:e7 AgenditNo; Agenda ~Iem,Q l17oA1 Rate EA SYSTEMS, INC. A Pubifc Safety Systems Integrator S"T MARY SHEET D <ON Ell= COWLrrFRHARDWAPE'A'CPU 105,040.0 i COMPUTER HARDWARE'S' CPU 25,417,00 RELATIONAL DATABASE NIGR 84,425.00 =04 NICATIONS EOUTPMENT 70,68c.0 PERIPHERAL EOUIPM NT 42415,00 HARDWARE INSTALL47OY 2,800.00 CABLING 4404400 FREIGHT 12.500.00 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 393,127.00 LNTERFACE SOFTWARE 142,500.00 SOFTWARE MODECATIONS 49,70C.W SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 27,550.0 SOFTWARE TRAINING 4425.00 TRAVEL & PER DIEM 048,280.00 PROTECT MANAG ENSN7 34,000.00 GEOFlLE CONVERSILN 10.000.00 :'ATA CONNUSION TBD OFFICEAUMMATIO,N PACKAGE 13,713.0 SUB-TOTAL SYSTI3IN 1,149,178.00 COMPETTI'IVECONCESSION ee(ZQy,Q AM TOTAL SYSTEM SS9110.00 Utirdte, Ta be billed at s we taws. ••nil Weabuen r t>d on the o"figuraloM u fetmemed hen. Tt•.e o0001UMuae hY bean developed from j +he limited emnant of in~Rntt on mnu ntb n 14 RI°P Mr a+anqu to IM aoae mnfipuntan may rpu11 in a ` ehanga rotM twnaee,en amount anaror pemn~~~e, :11er07 anent .I..$ D~01coilhu/IOOM4n ufereanee PRIMNO.4 1 1 4cwlsvteka Agenda'tsm_.._~ EAI SYSTEMS, INC. R1te ti~ A Public Safety Systems Integrator ADDS/NCR 1 SUMMARY SHEET 1 I ITEMS IN CONFIGURATION: DESCRIPTION PRICE EA. COMPUTTRHARDWARE *A" 101,071.00 MACHINE CON1PLMMHARDWARE'B' 168,765.00 MACHINE APPLICATION SOFTWARE 106,375.00 SOFTWARE INTERFACES 27,300.00 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 4,440,00 DATA SWITCH INSTALLATION 4,800.00 SOFIWARETRAINING&IN• 36,900.00 STALIATTON CUSTON1I2ATIONINIODIF10V 12,300.00 MON DATA CONVERSION (2 FILES 3,000.00 AT 51,500) EXTENDED HARDWARE WAR- 21,456.00 RANT'Y(24 MOMMI EXTENDED S OFiWARE WAR. 22,533.00 RANT'Y (24 MONTTISI EREIGtfr (ES'f) 2,800.00 TRAVE & PER DIEM 11,406.00 PRCtIECT MANAGBfIIYT 13,000.00 CABLING (EST) 17,000.00 LEY CAPS 210,00 SUBTOTAL 559,366.00 COMPETTIIVB CONC. 114,016,00 TOTAL. 445450,00 TAU Urummi wnwn ?=neury Wom"m Pdele{ • t ~r VirldiNo 4gerda itbn /i 5 - 01-wr90 CARROLLTON POLICE AND /IRO OVARTNENTf PACE 10 Of 10 aNI6IT A-1 MWtIICAT:CII COSTS APPLICATION SOFTWAE DESCRIPTION MODIFICATIONS POLICE DISPTACM 3,100.00 POLICE INFORMATION 6,TDO.CO NARACEMENT ALARMS NOT. 3,600.00 TOTAL MOOIFICATION COSTS 13,600.00 SUIYNRT AlL COSTS NAAD11ARE 616,092.00 30181MI! Cht-TIME LICENSE FEES 137,390.00 i SOFTWARE IWALLATION 16,100.00 INTERFACE 1 ASSISTANCE FEES 33,300.00 TRAINING COSTS 261600.00 MISCILLMEOUS CNAAGES 60,912.00 MOOt /1 CAUCIM 13,1100.00 UW TOTAL sra,T96.o0 r ~ 1 Jf i i os lr as I6:(0 0713 ter 2267 °{drtlaNr. _ _ jOQ2 002 Ia keeping with EAI Systew, Inc. com. with 'Help' screAkprovlded tybttcvEr mitment to public safety, the Court Manage. needed within the modulo. Such things as vio- meet System provides an additional facility to lation codes, court costs, and administrative maintain all facets of a taw enfcreement fees are au completely user defiled, and aWw agency of today. for the set-up cf sub-accounts for any state de- COURT Although the fined taxstructurm. MANAGEMENT Coup Manage. Court Managerrseat screen;: were designed meet System has with entuasive use of contrasting color high- been carefully de. lights demonstrating related data and reducing signed with the the time needed to search weed, for desired complete court ability to act as Information- 0 an integrated salu• Users will notice t powerful document so>tUtca don within PAPS building utility allowing the user to construct Law Enforcement virtually every conceivable court document u• Resspoase, the system can also stand alone. quired. An easy to use word proceaaing eavi. Whichever way the Court Management roaxo nt, EAI's "Easy Text' equips the Court { System is configured, it takes full advantage Management System user with the ablWy to of the powerful datsbaae capabilities and unit- bulid, edit, and print any conceivable docu. Im data entered once into the systern through- meat. The ability to use both word wrap sad out the entire Court Management software. In spell checking capabilities as well u pursing its fully lategrated form, the Court Manage. Information Into the document from within ment System minimizes data input by uttlir. EAI software for the formatting of Ittfbrms- ing data from both Law Enforcement Com- tion to user defined specdkitiom is provided. puter-Alded Dispatch and the Records Man. la addition, the BAI Court Management agement System. In many instances, as much System aontaiaa powerful search routines that as half of the Intrmnfon entered on a cita Uon allow the user to search any piece of Informa. his already been provided into the Court Man- tion included on the Citation entry saves agemeat system whoa a fully integrated F~J Search routines allow searches on hmmplete Law 6oforcoment System Is utilized. EM'S data much u partial phone numbers or tap. A integrated Law Enforcement Response tnciud• hull soundez name search capability allowing Ing Computer-Alded Dlspatcb, Records Man- fut sad easy tools-up for any defendant is a sgement, and the Court Maaaga=t System feature of the system. provides the complete tracking of Incident A complete flaancial reporting feature dau from the Initial call for help to the ulti. with the tneldng of all monks received in. mite disposition in the related court cases. dudes: EAI'e Court Management System has • Fine Payments beets designed to handle the hull spectrum of • Cash Bonds court activities including: • Miscellaneous Payments Bonds Court Casts A,pppecssis • User Defined Fees • Defemivo Driving Court scheduling provides the ability to • Deferred Judgement schedule wild court sessions including the de. Jail Tim ' Ming of the number of cases each station can • Remand Orders or Partial Payments handle. All court data are validated spiest The Court Management System utilizes the court calendar to asure a valid date is be. user defined codes files throughout the soh. Ing scheduled. wart, Court Management is menu driven rid COSA a(H•9WWpf0rWr b(N'N *010P 1•+•n r W SYS" , LL 7 P h, rU O IS Aubk lia Sifa Wity 5ynteeu taiegraror sp•aeree.• r• •.►i•er r er•p Musa b~ 1060 4% $not Nome Ca u IM by a CO SM IM" ''..,.I.e SY E C oust` s't ,librima 34W w~ 73- FAX e13473.760s '(rI1ClW0 ;ge~ca't1Tr1~ -t - f~ 01-1Yr-90 LWOLLTON POLICE ANO FINE OEMATMENTS PACE 10 Cr 10 EUNIBIT M FICAT.CM COSTS APPLICATION SOf11UAE DUCNIPTICM N001FICATIONS r POLICE OISPTACH 3,300.00 POLM INFONMATIOM 8,700.00 N4IMAGENENT ALAA S MGT. 3.800.00 TOTAL MOQIPICATION COSTS 151100.00 SWMI All COSTS NAAOWUII 416,052.00 WWI 049-71Ml LICENSE FEES 157,350.00 f3rWl INSTALLATION 15,100.00 INTERFACE 6 ASSISTANCE Flp 33,500.00 MAININO COSTS a6.100.00 MISCULANEOW o" a 60,911.00 MDOIF:CATIO" 15,100.00 EPW TOTAL 572/,75<.OC i I I~ 1 aJ t7 aJ 1e: to 471J 261 tie? ~en4a4c _ ~ " '-....~-~ao; oo: i Agenca'tem ~ i In keepiig with EAl Systems, Inc. cdDo. witb 'Help' scre!? psbvjdea mi=eat to public satiety, the Court Manage. Deeded within the module. Such things as via. meat System provides an additional facdi~y to lotion codes, court costs, and administrative maintain all facets of a law enforcement tea are all completely user defined, Dad eliaw agency of today. fir the set-up of sub-accounts for any state de. COURT Although the fined tax structures. I Court Manage- Court Management scscem were designed MANAGEMENT meat System has with extensive use of contrudag color high. 1 SYSTEM $ been carefully do• lights demonstrating related data and reducing • • • • signed with the the tine needed to search scorns for desired complete court ability to act as informadoa. an integrated solu• Users will notice a powerful document solution don within EAI's building utility allowing the user to construct Law Enforcement virtually every conceivable court document re. Response, the system can also stand alone. quired. An easy to use word prooeasing erM. Whichever way the Court Management rottmeat, EAI's "Easy Text' equips the Court System is configured it takes full advantage Management System user with the ability to of the powerful database apabUWes and util• build, edit, and print any conceivable d=. izes data entered once into the system through- meat. The ability to use both word wrap and out the eadre Court Management software. In spell checking capabilities as WQ as pubing its fully Wegreted fomn, the Court Manage. iaformatlon into the dooumem from within meat Syetam miaimizes data input by utilize EAI software for the formatting of ink ma. Ing data from both Law Eafort:eraeut Com• tioo to wen deflacd specdiatione is provided. puur.Alded Dispatch and the Records Man. In addition. the LU Court Management agement System. to many instances, u much system contains powerm search routines that ' as half of the fatormfdon entered owl a citation silow the user to search any piece of Infixms. , has aleady been provided Into the Court Man. Lion included an the Citation entry suxeea agement system when a IHy integrated EAI Search routines o0ow searches an bwormplete Eaw fioforeemem Sys= is 1103%)1 IM's data such as partial pboea numbers or toga. A fatepwotl 4w Baforameat Response inelud• full souWex name carob capability allowing Ing Computer-Aided Dispateln, Records Man- fast and easy lookup for any defersdant is a agememt, and the Court Management System feature of the system. I provides the oompleu trucking of incident A complete finaneW reporting feature data from the inhW call for help to the uId- with the tracking of all mooia received in. mats dispocitim In the related coon eases. eludes: EAI's Coon Management System has Fine Payments been designed to handle the full spectrum of • Cash Bonds court set MIN inoluelittgt Miscellaneous Payments Bonds Court Casa is User Defined Fees • Oefemh+e Driving Court scheduling provides the ability to Defttrred Judgetneat schedule valid coon wasioea including the de. • Jail Time flniag of the Dumber of can each session can • Remand Orders or Partial Payments Medic All court data are validated against The Court Management System utilizes the court calendar to ensure a valid date is be. user defined coda files throughout the soft. ing scheduled. were, Court Management is menu driven , !.U SYSIMW INC. no cowl Woo"" from rtwr• r fmr*•an w W Darn. 4. Ak Nb64 S&Wy Sys** buc rswr sp..anew a rrl.s r HaM Mibw e"" 1Ctsavarar, SFlaftde 316'.4 C•~n~ti I in W arww Ls 813.573-191L mil" '~•"r' FAX., 811113-M I ...I . . -CITY'+= :COUNCIL _ ...I... . X2:2::1... , r f12: 1 :r..a.rt . ♦ IIj t 2 r iIiTI - 1 ` or o~ X-1 4 ~ r o ~ s e e O e k t' ooo~ t t i 1 Na 0/ ~ener,r 1 a~ .3 DATE: 06/08/93 MY COUNCIL REPO 91 FORM TO: Mayor and Members of the City Council FROM: Lloyd Y. Harrell, City Manager i SUBJECT: Discuss revisions to the grass and weeds regulation related to sowing property over two acres i RECOMMENDATION: Staff has reviewed the ordinance and recommends the following changes: • Require mowing of 100 feet adjacent to habitable dwellings but delete requirements of mowing 100 feet from public streets if the property is fenced. • Continue to require 100 feet from public street if the property is not fenced. * Continue to require mowing of parkway urea between property line and the edge of the street or travelled portion of the road) s Add provision to exempt wildflowers until the flowers have finished blooming a Clarify that mowing is required 100 feet from a habitable dwelling with regard to type of grass being grown, i.e. hay crops would not be exempt from the 100 feet requirement. 8SU~16$Y: The current city ordinance requires that all properties must be mowed If the grass and/or weeds are over 12 inches. The ordinance further states that for properties over 2 acres only 100 feet from habitable dwellings, including residents and businesses, and public streets is required. After reviewing the provisions of the code, the Code Enforcement Officers, Building Officials, and Plaaning staff concur that the 100 feet provisions are Included for health and safety reasons. The 100 feet distance from the habitable dwelling provides a buffer to reduce fire hazards and also reduces rodents and other animals and insects from having direct contact with dumpeters and yards. The staff although concerned about the aesthetics of major entranceways concludem that the health and safety reasons are not as strong in relation to sowing 100 feet from public streets. Staff is recommending that this requirement be eliminated. Under a separate ordinance the owner would still be responsible for the parkway area. The proposal would also clarify questions about the timing of sowing wildflowers. John Cooper, Denton County Extension Horticulturist, has indicated that it is not possible to set a specific tiaa frame for blooming, Mr. Cooper has stated that an ordinance stating that the flowers should be sowed after the majority of the flowers have bloomed would still provide clarification of the issue. The Code Enforcement Officers would have discretion to determine when the majority of the flowers have finished blooming, and Mr. Cooper has agreed to provide assistance upon request, ~I c~r Agend~~tortli. oats Z 7 CCFormat:100 feet Page 2 BACKGROUND: Property owners with fenced properties that may or may not have livestock on the property have argued that the 100 feet mowing is not beneficial to the City and causes an unnecessary hardship on them. City staff receives numerous calls each month with citizen complaints about high grass and/or weeds growing directly adjacent to residents or businesses. Twenty-two Texas cities were surveyed on the topic. Thirteen do not provide any exceptions to the sowing of large properties. Orly two cities, Port Arthur and College Station exempt property used for grazing entirely. The other seven provide exceptions similar to Denton's current ordinance. PROGRAMS. DEPARTMENTS Oil GROUPS AFFECTED: Citizens of Denton, owners of property over two acres, Code Enforcement Officers FISCAL IMPACT: No direct Impact can be determined. Respectful submitted: / Prepared by: Lloyd V. Harrell rr City Manager Cecile Carson Community Improvement Coordinator Approved: III Frank Robbins Executive Director of Planning cc100 (Jl3fn ~ ~ y ' ' I; f ARTICLE III. GRASS AND WEEDS Sec. 20-71. Height limitations on certain breeds, grass, and uncultivated vegetation. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person having control or superv)sion of any lot, tract or parcel of land or portion thereof, occupied or unoccupied, improved or unimproved, within the corporate limits of the city to suffer or j permit grass or weeds or other vegetation to grow on an average to a greater height than twelve (12) inches upon such premises or to leave s ch weeds or grass upon any premises after such weeds or grass have b@an cut.7-except- 6grlcultural crops except grass or hay, trees, shrubs, flowers or other decorative or ornamental plants under cultivation are exempt from the provisions of tli ordinance, (b) With respect to lots, tracts or parcels of land of two (2) or more acres under single ownership, the: proY4s4one-ef-thtr-eeei+en-ahet~-~+o~-be aDA4leabi a-te-lhe-eree•-hr~xcees• ~4-~na-f+undyed-{i99j-~eet-from-eny~0en~+b1•fe street-er~wey; -er-4e-t1+e--arse-4n-exeees-of-one hundred (100) fast from any adjacent property under different ownership on which habitable dwellings A3 located must be maintained at not more than twelve (12) Inches, It the oroperty is_fsl ced the parson having control or supervision of the property `hall be responsible for the parkway or one hundred (100) feet which ever is less from any open street or way. (c) The provisions of this article shall be applicable to all railroad rights-of-way within the city, (d) It shall be the duty of any person having supervision or control of any lot, tract, parcel of land or portion thereof, occupied or unoccupied, improved or unimproved, within the corporate limits of the city to cut or cause to be cut and remove or cause to bo removed, if necessary, to comply with this section, all such grass, weeds and/or other vegetation atLproarty qr_ J.Qng a fence as often as may be necessary to comply with the provisions of this section, (a) Wtldflowor! shell be exempt from the provisions until seeds have matured following the final blooming of the maiorlty of 4h4_plantsL Sec. 20-5. Duty to keep sidewalk, parkway and alleyway clean-Generally. f!-ahe4l-be !fie-duty of It shall be unlawful for any the owner, tenant or lessee to keep suffer or perm_ it grass and woods over twelve (12) inches in height, trash, rubbish, filth, and debris to be on or }p the abutting or adjacent sidewalk, parkway and alleyway. Such material shall be placed in trash receptacles or disposed of in -a manner as required by this Code. The provisions shall apply to a maximum of one hundred (100? it between a fence and the odas of the street Qr travels portion of thy-11.rest or road. Failure to comply with the requirement of this section shall be and hereby is declared to constitute e nuisance subject to abatement as provided in this chapter, AAA015E0 I r Agenda No Agendalleft, Date =:._'_r a' EXAMPLES OF CHANGE IN ORDINANCE ~J DWELLING i 100' t 4` M TWO PLUS ACRES t t t ~ 100' FENCE tttttstttstti~r+ ttttttttstts tetss STREET CURRENT ORDINANCES REQUIRE MOWING 100' FROM DWELLING AND STREET AND , PARKWAY BETWEEN EDGE OF STREET AND PROPERTY LINE J DWELLING ~ s r~ 100' s TWO PLUS ACRES s ~ t- t s FENCE tttsss atstttsstt:a tsta:st:ts:s s: s ~I PARKWAY I wwwwwww'mm PROPOSAL 100' FROM DWELLING BUT ELIMINATE 100' FROM STREET AND PARKWAY AREA BETWEEN STREET AND FENCE UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 100'. i ApeodaNo Agenda to SURVEY OF OTHER CITIES DIY HEIGHT REQUIRE ff SPECIAL- PROyIS10h FORT STOCKTON UNSIGHTLY/OBJECTIONABLE BEDFORD NO EXCEPTIONS TEN INCHES 100' FROM STREET AND PROPERTY UNDER DIFFERENT OWNERSHIP DEPENDING ON OBSTRUCTION LEVEL PROPERTIES ARE GIVEN UP TO FIVE YEARS TO BE ABLE TO NOW THE ENTIRE TRACT OF LAND HALTOM CITY TEN INCHES PORT ARTHUR NO EXCEPTIONS TWELVE INCHES 100' FROM RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE AND FROM STREET RIGHT-OF-WAY. PROPERTY USED FRON AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES ON A VICTORIA CONTINUOUS BASIS ARE EXEMPT NINE INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS PLANO TWELVE INCHES COLLEGE STATION NO EXCEPTIONS TWELVE INCHES 100, FROM PROPERTY LINES OR WITHIN 60' OF ANY STRUCTURE MARCH 16 TO JUNE 16 EXEMPTION ON WILDFLOWERS EXEMPT UNDEVELOPED UNDER CULTIVATION, CROP OR BRYAN TWELVE INCHES GRATING MIDLAND TWELVE NO EXCEPTIONS INCHES RICHARDSON TWELVE INCHES NO EXCEP':'ONS 150, FROM STREETSO EASEMENTS, DEVELOPED PROPERTY OR ANY PROPERTY ABILENE TWELVE INCHEL WITH A STRUCTURE 100 FOR PROPERTY OVER 6 ACRES FROM STREETS AND OCCUPIED RESIDENTIAL OR LONGVIEW TWELVE BUSINESS PROPERTY INCHES TYLER EIGHYEEN INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS t00, FROM PROPERTY LINES LUBBOCK TWELVE INCHES AND STREETS NO EXCEPTIONS AQendaNo Y-_~,/ c~ AgendaItnrn Lz,' : f1 L Date EL PASO TWELVE INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS DALLAS TWELVE INCHES OVER ONE ACRE HOW 100' FROM PROPERTY LINE FARMERS BRANCH TWELVE INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS FLOWER MOUND TWELVE INCHES GVER 3 AC. 100' FROM PROPERTY LINES CARROLLTON TWELtiE INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS ALLEN TWELVE INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS ROWLETT TWELVE INCHES 1S0 FROM EACH PROPERTY LINE WICHITA FAILS TWELVE INCHES NO EXCEPTIONS 1 OUNCIL I i I w I ' ,4~tNo - CERTIFICATE FOR AQW31 „S aa ORDINANCE AUTHORIZING THE ISSUANCE, SALE, ANIn Ry , OF CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING LI BONDS, SERIES 1993. AND APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES RELATING THERETO THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON We, the undersigned officers of said City, hereby certify as follows: I. The City Council of said City convened in at the Municipal Building E (City Hall), and t81`11 oll was OF called of th!duly constituted officers and members of said City Council, to•wil: Jennifer K Walters, Bob Castleberry Mayor City Secretary Margaret Smith, Mayor Pro Tern Harold Perry Euline Brock Jerry Cott Jack Miller Mark Chew and all of said persons were present, except the following absentees.- - " thus busin ess t'te foAowing was transacted at said Meeting a writt onrm. Whereupon, among other ORDINANCE .`.lMORIZING THE ISSUANCE, SALE, AND DELIVERY OF CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING BONDS, SERIFS 1993, AND APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES RELATING THERETO j was duly introduced for the consideration of said City Council and duly read. It was then duly lI moved and seconded that said Ordinance be pasted; and, after due discussion, said motion, carrying with It the passage of Bald Ordinance, prevailed and carried by the following vote: AYES: NOES: ABSTENTIONS: I That a true, full, and correct copy of the aforesaid Ordinance passed at the Meeting descr'bed In the above and foregoing paragraph Is attached to and follows this Certificate; that said Ordinance has been duly recorded In told City Council's minutes of said Meeting; that the above and foregoing paragraph b a true, full, and correct excerpt from said City Council's minutes of said Meeting pertainin; to the passage of said Ordinance; that the persons named in the above and foregoing paragraph are the duly chosen, qualified, and acting officers and meeibers of said City Council as indicated therein; and that each of the officers and members of said City Council was duly and sufficiently notified officially and personally, In advance, of the time, place, and i I C r; ~ c ~pentlaNo. ~ - ~ - / Apendalt ~ Dais purpose of the aforesaid Meeting, and that said Ordinance would be introduced and considered for passage at said Meeting; and that said Meeting was open to the public, and public notice of the time, place, and purpose of said meeting was given, all as required by Vernon's Ann. Tex Civ. St. Article 6252.17. 3. That the Mayor of said City has approved, and hereby approves, the aforesaid Ordinance; that the Mayor and the City Secretary of said City have duly signed said Ordinance; and that the Mayor and the City Secretary of said City hereby declare that their signing of this Certificate shall constitute the signing of the attached and following copy of said Ordinance for all purposes SIGNED AND SEALf ' the 8th day of June, 1993. k ! City Secretary Mayor (SEAL) We, the undersigned, being respectively the City Attorney and the Bond Attorneys of the City of Denton, Texas, hereby certify that we prepared and app,med as to Legality the attached and following Ordinance prior to its passage as aforesaid. City Attorney Bond Attorneys tQer ~a Itll~E.~ ORDINANCE NO. Rate__L~ ` .7 ORDINANCE AUTHORIZING THE ISSUANCE, SALE, AND DE, CITY OF DE NTON LrIM iY SYSTEM REVENUE RF.F'UNLIN BONDS, SERIES 1993, AND APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING INS'T'RUMENTS AND t THE S1 ATE OF TEXAS I COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON bonds: WHEREAS, the City of Denton, Texan, heretofore has duly issued the following revenue City of Denton Utility System Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series 1993, dated March 1 i9g3 scheduled to mature on December 2(X11 through December 1, 2007, aggregating $7,910,000 (and being all of the outstanding bonds of said Series scheduled to mature on and after December t, 1993); City of Denton Utility System Revenue Refunding Bonds, scheduled to mature on December 1 of each of the eu,199ajlthro~datedJattuary I, 1987 513,910,000 (and being all of the outstanding bonds of said Series sched Sh2009 ' aggregating after December 1, 1993); led to mature on and City of Denton U41ty System Revenue Bonds, Serial 19% dated August 1, 1988 scheduled to mature on December 1 of each of the years 1999 through 2008, aggregating $1,750,000 , (and being a!1 of the outstanding bonds of said Series scheduled to mature on and after December 1, 1943); City of Denton Utility System Revenue BdndsSeri to mature on December 1 of each of the' ' a 1989,dated October 1. 1989 scheduled (end being aU of the outstanding bonds of Said Series Wod aggregating n„60 after I December 1, 1993); and Series scheduled to mature on and after J (collectively, the 'Outstanding Boads~, in the Aggregate ry Pdadpal amount of $30,170,000). refund the WHERE S, the Boa eds, Council authorize, C ~aue,Deead d' deems it m additional ' and refun b th and OPios~' ~ advisable a , descri bonds hereinafter to Vernon' ER atC g~ she ~ ~ k suthcrized ume Rub e luucA sold, and delivered knusnt the ~ Charter, and other alrpfrca kjy ' THAT: THEREFORE, THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY ORDAINS Section L AMOUNT AND PU I City of Denton, Texas (the "Isauer7 are here hors ed to bBONDS. a The e Imued(and delivered In the aggrejattee prR nci1NDmount of 527,085,000 FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAIMNO FUNDS R S IN AGGREGATE P INCIPAL EQUTRF '+MOUNI' OF CITY OF DENTON TON ~ i ti Awn No Agenda!terR_~ UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONDS, AND SHALL BE DESIGNATED "CITI{ A Df NTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING BOND, SERIES 1993A" (THE "SERIES 1993A BOND"). (b) The bond or bonds of the City of Denton, Texas (the "Issuer") are hereby authorized to be issued and delivered in the aggregate principal amount of S FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO REFUND $ IN AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONDS, AND SHALL BE DESIGNATED "CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING BOND, TAXABLE SERIES 1993B" (THE " TAXAT,LE SERIES 19938 BOND"). Section 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE BONDS. (a) With respect to the Series 1993A Bond, initially there shall be issued, sold, and delivered hereunder a single fully tegistered bond, without interest coupons, payable in installments of principal (the "Initial Series 1993A Bond"), but the Initial Series 1993A Bond may be assigned and transferred and/or converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, having serial maturities, and in the denomination or denominations of $5,000 or any integral multiple of $5,000, all in the manner hereinafter pro-.idcd. The term "Series 1993A Bonds" as used in this Ordinance shall mean and include collectively the Initial Series 1993A Bond and all substitute bonds exchanged therefor, as well as all other substitute bonds and replacement bonds issued pursuant hereto, and the term "Series 1993A Bond" shall mean any of the Series 1993A Bonds. i (b) With respect to the Taxable Series 1993E Bond, initially there shall be issued, sold, and delivered hereunder a single fully regstered bond, without interest coupons, payable in installments of principal (the "Initial Taxable Series 1993B Bond"), but the Initial Taxable Series 1993B Bond may be assigned and transferred and/or converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, having serial maturities, and in the denominationor denominations of $5,000or any integral multipleof $5,000, all in the manner herein. after provided The term "Taxable Series 1993B Bonds" as used in this Ordinance shall mean and include collectively the Initial Taxable Series 19938 Bond and all substitute bonds exchanged therefor, as well as all other substitute bonds and replacement bonds issued pursuant hereto, and the term 'Taxable Series 1993B Bond" shall mean any of the Taxable Series 1993E Bonds. (c) the term "Initial Bonds"as used in this Ordinance shall mean and include collectively the Initial Series 1993A Bond and the Taxable Series 1993E Bond, the term "Bonds" as used in this Ordinance shall mean and include co;'rctively the Initial Bonds and all substitute bonds exchanged therefor, as well as all other substitute bonds and replacement bonds issued pursuant hereto, and the term 'Bond' shall mean any of the Bonds. Section 3. INITIAL DATE, DENOMINATION, NUMBER, MATURITIES, INITIAL REGISTERED OWNER, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INITIAL BONDS. (a) (i) The Initial Series 1993A Bond is hereby authorized to be Issued, sold, and delivetLd ' hereunder as a single fully registered Bond, without interest coupons, dated JUNE I, 1993, in the denomination and aggregate principal amount of $ numbered R•1, payable in annual installments of principal to the initial registered owner thereof, to-wit: or to the registered assignee or assignees of said Scrix 1993A Bond or any portion or portions thereof (in each case, the "registered owner"), with the annual installments of principal of the Initial 2 i I a(jBfldaNa _~,r ~ f ~'1 or to thereof the (in each ca reach cadfe te assignee or asalgneti of said Series 1993A Bond or ~ J' ~ p~ortio j there "h rtion or pis' lore th, the 'registered owarr with the annual lestallmoals of principal of the Initial Bond to be payable on the dates, respectively, and in the principal amounts, resptxtiy~ stated in the FORM OF INITIAL SERIES 1993A BOND set forth in this Ordinance, (ii) The Initial Taxable Soria 19938 Bond Is hereby authorized to delivered hereunder as a single fully registered Bond, withouerest cou 104d and in the denomination and aggregate principal amount of lOa, da.,od JUNE 1, 1993, installments of principal to the initial registered , numbered R-1, Payable In annual owner thereof; to•wit: CEDR & CO. or to the registered assigrue or assignees of said Taxable Series 19938 Bond or any portion or portions thereof (In each case, the 'registered owned, with the annual Installnreats of princlpaJ of Bond 10 s~iaeted 1inethe FORM OFyI1~lTIAL the TAXABLE drespectively, and in the principal amounts, respectively, SERIES 19938 BOND set forth in this Ordinarw Co) The Initial Bonds (i) may and shall be prepaid or redeemed prior to the respective scheduled due dates of instapments of principal thereof, (ii) may be assigned and lrancferrod, (iii) may be converted and exchanged for other Bonds, (iv) shall have the cbaracteristics, ani (v) shall be signed and scakA arrd the principal of and interest on the Initial Bonds shall be payable, all as provided, and in the manner required or indicated, in the FORMS OF INITIAL BONDS sct forth in this Ordinance Section 4. INTEREST. The unpaid principal balance of the Initial Bonds shall bear interest from the date of each Initial Bond to the respective scheduled due dater, or to the respective dates of prepayment or redemption, of the installments of pdrdpal of the initial bonds, and "14lnterat shall be payable, all in the manner pruvidod and sit the rata and on the dates stated in the FORMS OF W17AL BONDS set forth la this Ordinance. Secdon 5. FORMS OF lNrrLkONDS. form of Registration Certificate of the Compttroolll~ of Public ~ the Initial Bonds, Ind as t the Accounts of the State of Texas to be eadorsed on the Initial Bonds, shall be subetantiaily u (olioa>v: FORM OF IN Ai RPAL tmz♦ g= NO. R- I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA $27,Ogs,ppp STATE OF JEXAS CITY Or DENTON COUNTY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING BOND SERIES 1993A subdivls~fChe OF DENTON, in Denton County, Texas (the 'Issuer"), being a political , State of Texas, hereby prowls" to pay to CEDE & CO., or to the registered assignee or amignees of this Bond or any portion or portloas hereof (in each cast, the'repistered owner' the aggregate principal amount of I I 3 i i y $27,065,000 r r Tel (TWENTY SEVEN MMLiON EIGHTY FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS) in annual installments of principal due and payable on DECEMBER 1 in _ach of the years, and in the respective principal amounts, as set forth in the following schedule; PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL UAR AMQUM_ XFAR AMQMNX- 1993 S 350,000 2002 S 2,600.000 1494 640,000 2003 2,530,000 1995 640,000 2004 2,465,000 1996 615,000 2003 2,333,000 1947 1,760,000 2006 1,195,000 1448 1,720,000 2007 1,230,000 1999 1,770,000 2008 1,020,000 2000 2,730,010 2009 810,000 2001 2,655,000 and to pay interest, from the date of this Bond hereinafter stalod, on the balance of each such installment of principal, respectively, from time to time remaining unpaid, at the rates u follows: 2,50% per annum on the above installment due is 1993 3.0096 per annum on the above iaataIlmcnt due in 1994 3.55% per annum on the above 4tallment due In 1995 3.90% per annum on the above 4tallment due in 1996 4.20% per annum on the above IInrspta tnent due In 1997 423% pot annum on the above h*Wlment due in 1996 4.V% per annum on the above im taltsneet due In 1999 4.60% per annum on the above n t due In 21100 4M% per annum on the above iriotallment due in 2001 5.0096 per annum on the above in to meat duo in 2002 5.00% per annum on the above irsflaltasent due in 2003 5.10% per annum on the above I tollment due in 2004 5.2596 per annum on the above tallment due in 2005 5.30% per annum on the above tallment due in 2006 5.4096 per annum on the above i talh=t due 1007 5.4096 per annum on the above fi. #Wlment due In 2008 5.40% per annum on the above inftallment due in 2004 with said interest being payable on DECEMBER I, 1993, and scralannually on cub JUNE 1 and I DECEMBER 1 thereafter while this Bond or an portion hctoof (a oulsuanding and unpaid. Said interest shall be calculated on the basis of a M 0-4ay year composed of twelve 30-day months. THE INSTALLMENTS OF PRINCIPAL OF AND THE INTBRFST ON this Bond are payable In lawful money of the United States of erica, without exchange or collection charges. no instaliments of principal and the interest oni Bond are payable to the rgbtaed owner hereof III through the sets = of NATTONSBANK OF TEXAS N.A D ALLAS, TEXAS, whkh to the paying Agenda flern c Date payment date by check, dated as of such date, drawn by the Paying Agent/Registrar on, and payab e / solely from, funds of the Issuer required by the ordinance authorizir,g the issuance of this Bond (the 'Bond Ordinance') to be on deposit with the Paying Agent/Registrar for such purpose as hereinafter provided; and such check shall be sent by the Paying AgentiRegistrar by United States mail, first-clan { postage prepaid, on each such principal and/or interest payment date, to the registered owner hereof, 1 at the address of the registered owner, as it appeared on the 15th day of the month next preceding each such date (the 'Record Date") on the Registration Books kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar, as hereinafter described. The Issuer covenants with the registered owner of this Bond that on or before each principal and/or interest payment date for this Bond it will make available to the Paying Agent/Registrar, from the "Interest and Sinking Fund" maintained pursuant to the Bond Ordinance, the amounts required to provide for the payment, in immediately available funds, of all principal of and interest on this Bond, when due. IF THE DATE for the payment of the principal of or interest on this Bond shall be a Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking institutions in the City where the Paying AgentiRegistrar is located are authorized by law or executive order to close, then the date for such payment shall be the next succeeding day which is not such a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which banking institutions are authorized to close; and payment on such date shall have the same force and effect as if made on the original date payment was due. i THIS BOND has been authorized in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the State of Texas FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO REFUND $ IN AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONDS. ON DECEMBER 1, 2002, or on any date whatsoever thereafter, the unpaid installments of principal of this Bond may be prepaid or redeemed prior to their scheduled due dates, at the option of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available source, as a whole, or In part, and, if in part, the particular portion of this Bond to be prepaid or redeemed shall be selected and designated by the Issuer (provided that a portion of this Bcnd may be redeemed only in an integral multiple of $5,000), at the prepayment or redemption price of the par or principal amount thereof, plus accrued Interest to the dale fixed for prepayment or redemption ON DECEMBER I, and on DECEMBER I of each of the years hereinafter specified, the installments of principal of this Bond which are due and payable on DECEMBER I, and on DECEMBER 1, are subject to mandatory prepayment and redemption prior to their scheduled due dates, and shall be prepaid and redeemed by the Issuer, in pen, prior to their scheduled due dales, with money from the Interest and Sinking Fund, at a prepayment or redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof and accrued interest to the date of prepayment or redemption, on the dates and in the principal amounts, respectively, as shown in the following schedule: 5 A@eqda No Ajn'!da llB!~1.f December 1. Installment December 1. Installment Principal Principal Dates Amounts Date Amount AT LEAST 30 days prior to the date fixed for any such prepayment or redemption a written notice of such prepayment or redemption shall be mailed by the Paying Agent/Registrar to the registered owner hereof. By the date fixed for any such prepayment or redemption due provision shall be made by the Issuer with the Paying Agent/Registrar for the payment of the required prepay- ment or redemption price for this Bond or the portion hereof which is to be so prepaid or redeemed, plus accrued interest thereon to the date fixed for prepayment or redemption. If such written notice of prepayment or redemption is given, and if due provision for such payment is made, all as provided above, this Bond, or the portion thereof which is to be so prepaid or redeemed, thereby automatically shall be treated as prepaid or redeemed prior to its scheduled due date, and shall not bear interest after the date fixed for its prepayment or redemption, and shall not be regarded as being outstanding except for the right of the registered owner to receive the prepayment or redemption price plus accrued interest to the date fixed for prepayment or redemption from the Paying Agent/Registrar out j of the funds provided for such payment. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall record in the Registration Books all such prepayments or redemptions of principal of this Bond or any portion hereof. THIS BOND, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance hereof, or any unpaid and unredeemed portion bereof in any integral multiple of $5,000, may be assigned by the initial registered owner hereof and shall be transferred only in the Registration Books of the Issuer kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar acting in the capacity of registrar for the Bonds, upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Bond Ordinance. Among other requirements for such transfer, this Bond must be presented and surrendered to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, together with proper instruments of assignment. in form and with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, evidencing assignment by the initial registered owner of this Bond, or any portion or portions hereof in any Integral multiple of $5,000, to the assignee or assignees in whose name or names this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof is or are to be transferred and registered. Any instrument or instrurnenu of assignment satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar may be used to evidence the assignment of this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof by the initial registered owner bereot A new bond or bonds payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the new registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds) or to the initial registered owner as to any portion of this Bond which is not being assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner, shall be delivered by the Paying Agent/Registrar in conversion of and exchange for this Bond or any portion or portions hereof, but solely in the form and manner as provided in the next paragraph hereof for the conversion and exchange of this Bond or any portion hereof. The registered owner of this Bond shall be deemed and treated by the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes, including payment and discharge of liability upon this Bond to the extent of such payment, and the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary. 6 AardaNo AS PROVIDED above and in the Bond Ordinance, this Bond, to the extent of the (unpaid or unredeemed principal balance hereof, may be converted into and exchanged for a Eke aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, payable to the assignee or assignees duly designated in writing by the initial registered owner hereof, or to the initial registered owner as to any portion of this Bond which is not being assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner, in any denomination or denominations in any integral muitiple of S5,000 (subject to the requi.cment hereinafter stated that each substitute bond issued in exchange for any portion of this Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity dale), upon surrender of this Bond to the i Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, all in accordance with the form and procedures set forth in the Bond Ordinance. If this Bond or any portion hereof is assigned and transferred or converted each bond issued in exchange for ary portion hereof shall have a single stated principal maturity date corresponding to the due date of the installment of principal of this Bond or portion hereof for which the substitute bond is being exchanged, and shall bear interest at the rate applicable to and borne by such installment of principal or portion thereof. Such bonds, respectively, shall be subject to redemption prior to maturity on the same dates and for the same prices as the corresponding installment of principal of this Bond or portion hereof for which they are being exchanged. No such bond shall be payable in installments, but shall have only one stated principal maturity date. AS PROVIDED IN THE BOND ORDINANCE, THIS BOND IN ITS PRESENT FORM MAY BE ASSIGNED AND TRANSFERRED OR CONVERTED ONCE ONLY, and to one or more assignees, but the bonds issued and delivered in exchange for this Bond or any portion hereof may be assigned and transferred, and converted, subsequently, as provided in the Bond Ordinance. The 1 Issuer shall pay The Paying Agent/Registrar's standard or customary fees and charges for transferring, ooeverting, and exchanging this Bond or any portion thereo& but the one requesting such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make any such assignment, conversion, or exchange (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (H) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for prepayment or redemption prior / to maturity, within 45 days prior to its prepayment or redemption date. IN THE EVENT any Paying Agent/Registrar for this Bond is changed by the Issuer, resigns, or otherwise ceases to act as such, the Issuer has covenanted in the Bond Ordinance that it promptly will appoint a competent and legally qualified substitute therefor, and promptly will cause written notice thereof to be mailed to the registered owner of this Bond. IT IS HEREBY certified, recited, and covenanted that this Bond has been duly and validly authorized, issued, sold, and delivered; that all acts, conditions, and things required or proper to be performed, exist, and be done precedent to or in the authorization, issuance, and delivery of this Bond have been performed, existed, and been done in accordance with law; that this Bond is a special obligation of the Issuer, secured by and payable, together with other bonds, from a first Hen on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues which include initially the 'Net Revenues of the System" as such terms are defined in the Bond Ordinance, with the System consisting of the City's entire combined waterworks, sewer, and electric light and power system. 7 Agenda No l ~~`~1I AgendaIIem~ THE ISSUER has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated in the Bond Ordinance, to issue Additional Bonds payable from and secured by a first lien on and pledge of the 'Pledged Revenues' on a parity with this Bond. THE ISSUER also has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated in the Bond Ordinance, to amend the Bond Ordinance with the approval of the holders or owners of fifty one percent in principal amount of all outstanding bonds which are secured by and payable from a first lien on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues. THE REGISTERED OWNER hereof shall never have the right to demand payment of this Bond or the interest hereon out of any funds raised or to be raised by taxation or from any source whatsoever other than specified in the Bond Ordinance. BY BECOMING the registered owner of this Bond, thn re;istered owner thereby acknowledges all of the terms and provisions of the Bond Ordinance, agrees to be bound by such terms and provisions, acknowledges that the Bond Ordinance is duly tecorded and available for inspection in the official minutes and records of the governing body of the Issuer, and agrees that the terms and provisions of this Bond and the Bond Ordinance constitute a contract between the registered owner hereof and the Issuer. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this Bord to be signed with the manual signature of the Mayor of the Issuer and countersigned with the manual signature of the City Secretary of the Issuer, has caused the official seal of the Issuer t.) be duly impressed on this Bond, and has caused this Bond to be dated JUNE 1, 1993. City Secretary, Mayor, City of Denton, Texas City of Denton, Texas (CITY SEAL) FORM OF REGISTRATION CER11F[CA)E OF THE COMPTROLLER OF PUBLi('L&KOM: COMPTROLLER'S REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE: REGISTER NO. I hereby certify that this Bond has been exami ted, certified as to validity, and approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas, and that this Boni has been registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. Witness my signature and seal this Comptroller cf Public Accounts of the State of Texas (COMPTROLLER'S SFAL) 8 i i 44endaltem.. We__ / (p FORM OF INITIAL TAXABIOfi SERIES 1993B IQ NO. R.I 56,045,000 UNr1'ED STATES OF AMIrRICA STATE OFMXAS COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDINO BOND TAXABLE SERIES 1993B THE CITY OF DENTON, in Deacon County, Texas (the "Issuer'), being a political subdivision of the State of Texas, hereby promises to pay to CEDE' & CO. or to the registered as ignce or assignees of this Bond or any portion or port,ons hereof (in each case, the "registered owner") the sggregate principal amount of 'I $6.046,000 (SIX MILLION FORTY FWE THOUSAND DOLLARS) in annual Installments of principal due and payable on DECEMBER 1 In each of the years, and in the respective principsl amounts, as set fbM in t e following schedule; PRINCIPAL: PRINCIPAL YE $ AMOUNT yl AMOUNT 1993 $ 160,000 2001 $ 150,000 1994 910,000 20W 165,000 1995 883,000 10M 165,000 1996 80%000 2004 165,000 1991 653,000 2003 195,000 1996 635,000 2006 195,000 1999 406,000 2001 395AM 2000 115,000 and to pay Interest, from the date of this Bond hereinafter stated, on the balance of each such Installment of principal, respectively, from time toII time remaining unpaid, at the rota as follom: 3.53% per annum on the above ioiital at due in 1993 3.90% per annum on the above tallment due in 1994 4.50% per annum on the above ' tallatent due in 1993 4.90% per annum on the above tallment due [41996 5.30% per annum on the above ' tallment due in 1997 5.10% per annum on the above i tallrnent due in 1996 39096 per annum on the above 1 W Went due in 1999 6.20% per annum on the above 1 tallmeat dvr in 2000 6.40% per annum on the above 101allmoat due in 2001 9 Agj ridaNo Agin a'lvt. : L ! 6.40% per annum on the above installment due in :001 6.50% per annum on the above installment due In 2002 00% per annum on the above installment due in 2003 6.30% per annum on the above installment due in 2004 6.75% per annum on the above installment due in 2005 6.75% per annum an the above installment due in 2006 6.75% per annum on the above installment due in WM ~ with sold interest being payable on DECEMBER 1, 1993, and semiannually on each DECEMBER I and JUNE 1 thereafter while this Bond or any portion hereof is outstanding and unpaid. Said Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-0ay year composed of twelve 3o4ay months. THE INSTALLMENTS OF PRINCIPAL OF AND THE INTEREST ON this Bond are payable in lawful money of the United States of America, without exchange or collection charges. The installments of principal and the inlets! on this Bond are payable to the registered owner hereof through the services of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS, which is the 'Paying Agent/ Registrar' for this Bond Payment of all principal of and interest on this Bond shall be made by the Paying Agent/ Registrar to the registered owner hereof on each principal and/or interest payment date by check, dated as of such date, drawn by the Paying Agent/Registrar on, and payable solely from, funds of the W +er required by the ordinance authorizing the issuance of this Bond (the "Bond Ordinance') to be on depcWt with the Paying Agent/Registras for such purpose w hereinafter provided; and such check shall be sent by the Payinj Agent/Registrar by United States mail, first-class postsge prepaid, on each such principal and/or Interest payment date, to the registered owner hereof, at the address of the registered owner, as it appeared on the 15th day of the month nett preceding each such date (the "Record Date") on the Regis"tion Books kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar, as hereinafter deanbed. Ile Issuer covenants with the registered owner of this Bond that on or before each principal and/or interest payment date for this Bond it will make avulable to the Paying Agent/Rcestrar, from the "Interest and Sinking Fund" maintained pursuant to the Bond Ordinance, the amounts required to provide for the payment,, in immediately available funds, of all principal of and interest on this Bond, when due. IF THE DATE for the payment of the principal of or interest on this Bond shall be a Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which bankinj Institution in the City where the Paying Agent/Reglatrar is luca ted arc authorized by law br executive order to close, then the date for such payment shall be the out succeeding day which is not such it Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which banking Institutions are outhotiud to close; and psymcnt on such date shall have the same force and effect u if trude on the original date payment was due. THIS BOND has been authorized in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the State of Texas FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO REFUND $ IN AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF fTFY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONDS. ON DECEMBER 1, 2002, or on any date whatsoem thereafter, the unpaid fnatellmcnts of principal of this Bond may be prepaid or redeemed prior to their scheduled due dater, at the option of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available source, as a whole, or in part, and, if in part, the particular po.iAon of this Bond to be prepaid or redeemed shall be selected and designated by the issuer (provided that a portion of this Bond may be redeemed only In an integral muhiple of $5,000), at the prepayment or redemption price of the par of principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the date fixed for prepayment or redemption. 10 ~1^nda~"Jo A~en~a'lem !r ~ ~ at the prepayment or redemption price of the par or principal amount thereor, plus accrued interest to the date fixed for prepayment or r-Aemption. ON DECEMBER 1, and on DECEMBER 1 of each of the years hereinafter specified, the installments of principal of this Bond which are due and payable on DECEMBER 1, and on DECEMBER 1, arc subject to mandatory prepayment and redemption prior to their scheduled due dates, and shall be prepaid and redeemed by the Issuer, in part, prior to their scheduled due dates, with money from the Interest and Sinking Fund, at a prepayment or redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof and accrued interest to the date of prepayment or redemption, on the dates and in the principal amounts, respectively, as shown in the following schedule: December 1. Installment [)e e_ffb' • i. 'nstallment I Principal Principal ates -A-Mounts Date Amount I AT LEAST 30 days prior to the date fixed for any such prepayment or redemption a written notice of such prepayment or redemption shall be mailed by the Paying Agent/Registrar to the registered owner hereot By the date fixed for any such prepayment or redemption due provision shall be made by the Issuer with the Paying Agent/Registrar for the payment of tl~e required prepay- ment or redemption price for this Bond or the portion hereof which is to be so pre, aid or redeemed, plus accrued interest thereon to the date fixed for prepayment or redemption. Ifstxh written notice of prepayment or redemption is given, and if due provision for such payLgent is made, all as provided above, this Bond, or the portion thereof which is to be so prepaid or t odeet ted, thereby automatically, shall be treated as prepaid or redeemed prior to its scheduled due date, and shall not bear interest after tte date fixed for its prepayment or redemption, and shall not be regarded as b-ing outstanding except for the right of the registered owner to receive the prepayment or redemption price plus accrued interest to the date fund for prepayment or redemption from the Paying Agent/Rcgittrar out of the funds provided for such payment. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall record in the Reg'stration Books all such prepayments or redemptions of principal of this Bend or any portion hereof. THIS BOND, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance hereof, or any unpaid and unredeemed portion hereof in any Integral multiple of $5,000, may be assigned by the initial registered owner hereof sad shall be transferred only in the Registration Books of the Issuer kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar acting in the capacity of registrar for the Bonds, upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Bond Ordinance. Among other requirements for such transfer, this Bond must be presented and surrendered to the claying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, together with proper instruments of assignment, In form and with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, evidencing assignment by the initial registered owner of this Bond, or any portion or portions hereof in any integral multiple of $5,000, to the assignee or assignees in wf>,>se name or names this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof is or are to be transferred and registered. Any instrument or instruments of assignment satisfactory to the Paying Agcm/Reg6trar 11 . i may be used to evidence the assignment of this Bond or any such portion or portions hetoof by the initial registered owner hereof. A new bond or bonds payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the new registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds) or to the initial registered owner as to any portion of this Bond which is not being assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner, shall be delivered by the Paying Agent/Registrar in conversion of and exchange for this Bond or any portion or portions hereof, but solely in the form and manner as provided in the next paragraph hereof for the conversion and exchange of this Bond or an pion hereof. The registered owner of this Bond shall be deemed and treated by the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes, including payment and discharge of liability up)n this Bond to the extent of such payment, and the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall not to affected by any notice to the contrary. AS FROVIDED above and in the Bond Ordinance, this Bond, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance hereof, may be converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, payable to the assignee or assignecs duty designated in writing by the initial registered owner hereof, or to the initial registered owner as to any portion of this Bond which is not being assigned and transferred by the initial registered e'.vner, in any denomination or denominations is any Integral multiple of $5,000 (subject to the requirement hereinafter stated that each substitute bond issued in exchange for any portion of this Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date), upon surrender of this Bond to the Payirig Agent/Registrar for cancellation, all in accordance with the form and procedures set forth in t tb. Bond Ordinance. If this Bond or any portion hereof is assigned and transferred or converted 1 each bond Issued in exchange for any portion hereof shall have a single stated principal maturity date corresponding to the due date of the installment of principal of this Bond or portion hereof for which the substitute bond is being exchanged, and shall bear interest at the rate applicable to and borne by such Installment of principal or portion thereof. Such bonds, respectively, shall be sub*t to redemption prior to maturity on the same dates and for the same prices as the corresponding installmen, of principal of this Bond or portion hereof for which they are being exchanged. No such bond shall be payable in installments, but shall have only, one stated principal maturity date. AS i PROVIDED IN THE BOND ORDINANCE, THIS BOND IN ITS PRESENT FORM MAY BE ASSIGNED AND TRANSFERRED OR CONVERTED ONCE ONLY, and to one or more assignees, but the bonds issued and delivered In exchange for this Bond or any portion hereof may be assigned and transferred, and converted, subsequently, as provided in the Bond Ordinance. The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/Registrat'i standard or customary fees and charges for transferring, converting, and exchanging this Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make any such assignment, conversion, or exchange (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for prepayment or redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its prepayment or redemption date. ' IN THE EVENT any Paying Agent/Registrar for this Bond is changed by the Issuer, resigns, or otherwise ceases to act as such, the Issuer has covenanted In the Bond Ordinance that it promptly will appoint a competent and legally qualified substitute therefor, and promptly will cause written notice thereof to be mailed to the registered owner of this Bond. 12 M I c~ IT IS HEREBY certified, recited, and covenanted that this Bond has been duly and validly ` authorized, issued, sold, and delivered; that all acts, conditions, and things required or proper to be performed, exist, and be done preceden! to or in the authorization, issuance, and delivery of this Bond have been performed, existed, and been done in accordance with law; that this Bond is a special obligation of the Lcsuer, secured by and payable, together with other bonds, from a first lien on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues", which include initially the "Net Revenues of the System" as such terms are defined in the Bond Ordinance, with the System consisting of tha City's entire combined waterworks, sewer, and electric light and power system. THE ISSUER has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated in the Bond Ordinance, to issue Additional Bonds payable from and secured by a first lien on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues' on a parity with this Bond. I THE ISSUER also has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated in the Bond Ordinance, to amend the Bond Ordinance with the approval of the holders or owners of fifty-one { percent in principal amount of all outstanding bonds which are secured by and payable from a first lien on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues. THE REGISTERED OWNER hereof shall never have the right to demand payment of this Bond or the interest hereon out of any funds raised or to be raised by taxation or from any source whatsoever other than specified in the Bond Ordinance. BY BECOMING the registev-0 owner of this Bond, the registered owner thereby acknowledges all of the terms and provisions of the Bord Ordinance, agrees to be bound by such terms and provisions, acknowledges that the Bond Ordinance is duly recorded and available for inspection in the official minutes and records of the ;toverning body of the Issuer, and agres that the terms and provisions of this Bond and the Bon(; Ordnance constitute a contract between the registered owner hereof and the Issuer. IN WITNFSS WHEREOF, the Issue: has caused this Bond to be signed with the manual signature of the Mayor of the Issuer and countersigned with the manual signature of the City Secretary of the Issuer, has caused the official seal of the Issuer to be duly impressed on this Bond, and has caused this Bond to be dated JUNE 1, 1993. City Secretary, Mayor, City of Denton, Texas City of Denton. Texas (CITY SEAL) FORM OF REGISM770N CERTIFICATE OF THE , COMPTROLLER OE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS: COMPTROLLER'S REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE: REGISTER NO. I hereby certify that this Bond has been examined, certified as to validity, and approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas, and that W-, ;load has been registered by the 13 I I f I Ct?~.L-- Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. Witness my signature and seal this Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas (COMPTROLLER'S SEAL) Section 6. ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BONDS. Registration an a sfe , (a) The Issuer shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal corporate trust office of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A. DALLAS, TEXAS (the "Paying Agent/Registrar") books or records of the registration and transfer of the Bonds (the "Registration Books"), and the Issuer hereby appoints the Paying Agent/Registrar as its registrar and transfer agent to keep such books or records and make such transfers and registrations under such reasonable regulations as the Issuer and Paying Agent/Registrar may prescribe; and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall make such l transfers and registrations as herein provided. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall obtain and record in the Registration Books the address of the registered owner of each Bond to which payments with j respect to the Bonds shall be mailed, as herein provided; but it shall be the duty of each registered owner to notify the Paying Agent/Registrar in writing of the address to which payments shall be mailed, and such interest payments shall not be mailed unless such notice has been given, The Issuer shall have the right to inspect the Registration Books during regular business hours of the Paying Agcnt/Registrar, but otherwise the Paying Agent/Registrar shall keep the Registration Boob confidential and, unless otherwise required by law, shall not permit their inspection by any other entity. Registration of each Bond may Le transferred in the Registration Books only upon presentation and surrender of such Bond to the Paying Agent/Registrat for transfer of registration and cancellation, together with proper written instruments of assignment, in form and with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, evidencing (f) the assignment of the Bond, or any portion thereof in any integral multiple of $5,000, to the assignee of assi gncea thereof, and (ii) the right of such assignee or assignees to have the Bond or any such portion thereof registered in the name of such assignee or assignees. Upon the assignment and transfer of any Bond or any portion thereof, a new substitute Bond or Bonds of the same Series shall be issued in conversion and exchange therefor in th;; manner herein provided. The Initial Bonds, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance thereof, maybe assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner thereof once only, and to one or more assignees designated in writing by the initial registered owner thereof. All Bonds issued and delivered In conversion of and exchange for the Initial Bond shall be in anydenomination or denominations of any integral multiple of $5,000 (subject to the requirement hereinafter stated that each substitute Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date), shall be in the form prescn'bW forsuch Series in the FORMS OF SUBSTITUTE BONDS set forth in this Ordinance, and shall have the characteristics, and may be assigned, transferred, and converted as hereinafter provided. If the Initial Bond or any portion thereof is assigned and transferred or converted the Initial Bond must be surrendered to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, and each Bond issued in exchange for any portion of the Initial Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date, and shall rot be payable in installments; and each such Bond shall have a principal maturity date corresponding to the due date of the installment of principal or portion thereof for 14 f I which the substitute Bond is being exchanged; each such Bond shall bear interest at the single rate applicable to and home by such installment of principal or portion thereof for which it is being ex- changed and each such Bond shall be of the same Series. If only a portion of the Initial Bond is assigned and transferred, there shall be delivered to and registered in the name of the initial registered owner substitute Bonds of the same Series in exchange for the unassigned balance of the Initial Bond in the same manner as if the initial registered owner were the assignee thereof. If any Bond or portion thereof other than the Initial Bond is assigned and transferred or converted each Bond issued in exchange therefor shall be or the same Series, have the same principal maturity date and bear interest at the same rate as the Bond for which it is exchanged. A form or assignment shall be printed or endorsed on each Bond, excepting the Initial Bonds, which shalt be executed by the registered owner or its duty authorized attorney or representative to evidence an assignment thereof. Upon surrender of an) Bonds or any portion or portions thereof for transfer of registration, an authorized representative of the Paying AgentRegistrar shall make such transfer in the Registration Books, and shall deliver a new fully registered substitute Bond or Bonds of the same Series, having the characteristics herein described, payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds), or to the previous registered owner in case only a portion of a Bond is being assigned and transferred, all in conversion of and exchange for said assigned Bond or Bonds or any portion or portions thereof, in the same form and manner, and with the same efrect, as provided in Section 6(d), below, for the conversion and exchange of Bonds by any registered owner of a Bond The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/Registrar's standard or customary fees and charges for making such transfer and delivery of a substitute bond or Bonds, but the one requesting such transfer shall pay any taxes or other governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make transfers of registration of any Bond or any portion thereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or any portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption dale. (b) Ownership of Bond-. The entity in whose name any Bond shall be registered in the Registration Books at any time shall be deemed and treated as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes of this Ordinance, whether or not such Bond shall be overdue, and the issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary; and payment of, or on account of, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any such Bond shall be made only to such registered owner. All such payments shall be valid and effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability upon such Bond to the extent of the sum or sums so paid (c) Payment of Bonds and Interest. The Issuer hereby further appoints the Paying Agent/Registrar to act as the paying agent for paying the principal of and interest on the Bonds, land to act as its agent to convert and exchange or replace Bonds, all as provided in this Ordinance. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall keep proper records of all payments made by the issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar with respect to the Bonds, and of all conversions and exchanges of Bonds, and all replacements of Bonds, as provided in this Ordinance. (d) Conversion and Exchangg orReolacsment: Authentication. Each Bond issued and delivered pursuant to this Ordinance, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance or principal amount thereof, may, upon surrender of such Bond at the principal corporate trust office 15 of the Paying Agent/Rcgistrar, together with a written request therefor duly executed by the registered owner or the assignee or assignees thereof, or its or their duly authorized attorneys or representatives, with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, may, at the option of the registered owner or such assignee or assignees, as appropriate, be converted into and exchanged for fully registered bonds of the same Series, without interest coupons, in the form prescribed in the FORMS OF SUBSTITUTE BONDS set forth in this Ordinance, in the denomina• tion of $5,000, or any integral multiple of $5,000 (subject to the requirement hereinafter stated that each substitute Bond shall have a single stated maturity dec), as requested in writing by such registered owner or such assignee or assignees, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance or principal amount of any Bond or Bonds so surrendered, and payable to the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be. If the Initial Bond is assigned and transferred or converted each substitute Bond issued in exchange for any portion of the Initial Bond be of the same Series, shall have a single stated principal maturity date, and shall not be payable in Installments; and each such Bond shall have a principal maturity date j corresponding to the due date of the installment of principal or portion thereof for which the substitute Bond is being exchanged; and each such Bond shall bear interest at the single rate applicable to an! borne by such installment of principal or portion thereof for which it is being exchanged. If a portion of any Bond (other than the Initial Bond) shall be redeemed prior to its scheduled maturity as provided herein, a substitute Bond or Bonds of the same Series having the same maturity date, bearing interest at the same rate, in the denomination or denominations of any integral multiple of $5,000 at the request of the registered owner, and in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof, will be issued to the registered owner upon surrender thereof for cancellation. If any Bond or portion thereof (other than the Initial Bond) is assigned and transferred or converted, each Bond issued in exchange therefor shall be of the same Series, have the f same principal maturity date And bear interest at the same rate as the Bond for which it is being exchanged. Each substitute Bond shall bear a letter and/or number to distinguish it from each other Bond. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall convert and exchange or replace Bonds as provided herein, and each fully registered bond delivered in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of cny Bond or portion thereof as permitted or required by any provision of this Ordinance shall constitute one of the Bonds for all purposm of this Ordinance, and may again be converted and exchanged or replaced. It is specifically provided that any Bond authenticated in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of another Bond en of prior to the first scheduled Record Date for the Initial Bond shall bear interest from the date of the Initial Bond, but each substitute Bond so authenticated after such first scheduled Record Date shall bear interest from the interest payment date next preceding the date on which such substitute Bond was so authenticated, unless such Bond Is authenticated after any Record Date but on or before the next following interest payment date, in which case it shall bear interest from such next following Interest payment date; provided, however, that if at the time of delivery of any substitute Bond the interest on the Bond for which it is being exchanged is due but has not been paid, then such Bond shall bear interest from the date to which such Interest has been paid in full. THE INrF AL BONDS Issued and delivered pursuant to this Ordinance are not required to be, and shall not be, authenticated by the Paying Agent/Registrar, but on each substitute Bond Issued in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of any Bond or Bonds ssued under this Ordinance there shall be printed a certificate, in the form substantially as follows: 16 FW13 -12 "PAYING AGENT1REGiSTRAR'S AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE It is hereby certified that this Bond has been issued under the provisions of the Bond ordinance described in this Bond; and that this Bond has been issued in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of a bond, bonds, or a portion of a bond or bonds of an issue which originally was approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. r NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS Paying Agent/Registrar Dated By Authorized Representative' An authorized representative of the Paying Agent/Registrar shall, before the delivery of any such Bond, date and manually, sign the above Certificate, and no such Bond shall be deemed to be issued or outstanding unless such Certificate is so executed. The Paying Agent/Registrar promptly shall cancel all Bonds surrendered for conversion and exchange or replacement. No additional ordinances, orders, or resolutions need be passed or adopted by the governing body of the Issuer or any other body or person sn as to accomplish the foregoing conversion and exchange or replacement of any Bond or portion thereof, and the Paying Agent/Registrar rball provide for the printing, execution, and delivery of the substitute Bonds in the manner prescribed herein, and said Bonds shall be of type composition printed on paper with lithographed or steel engraved borders of customary weight and strength. Pursuant to Vernon's Ann. Tex. Civ. St. Art 717k1, and particularly Section 6 thereof, the duty of conversion and exchange or replacement of Bonds as aforesaid is hereby imposed upon the Paying Agent/Registrar, and, upon the execution of the above Paying Agent/Registrar's Authentication Certificate, the converted and exchanged or replaced Bond shall be valid, incontestable, and enforceable in the same manner and with the same effect as the Initial Bond which originally was issued pursuant to this Ordinance, approved by the Attorney General, and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts. The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/Registrar's standard or customary fees and charges for transferring, converting, and exchanging any Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting any such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect the-eto as a condition precedent to the exere-£se of such privilege of conversion and exchange. Thu Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make any such conversion and exchange or replacement of Bonds or any portion thereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption date. In General All Bonds issued in conversion and exchange or replacement of any other Bond or portion thereof, (i) shall be issued in fully registered form, without interest coupons, with the principal of and interest on such Bonds to be payable only to the registered owners thereof, (i£) may and shall be redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, (iii) may be transferred and assigned, 17 1 i I (iv) may be converted and exchanged for other Bonds of the same Series, (v) shall have the characteristics, (vi) shall be signed and sealed, and (vii) the principal of and interest on the Bonds shall be payable, all as provided, and in the manner required or indicated, in the FORMS OF SUBSTITUTE BONDS set forth in this Ordinance. (E1 Payment of Fees and Charge. The Issuer hereby covenants with the registered owners of the Bonds that it will (i) pay the standard or customary fees and charges of the Paying Agent/Registrar for its services with respect to the payment of the principal of and interest on the Bonds, when due, and (ii) pay the fees and charges of the Paying Agent/Registrar for services with _ respect to the transfer of registration of Bonds, and with respect to the conversion and exchange of Bonds tolety to the extent above provided in this Ordinance. (g) Substitute Paying Agent/Registrar. The Issuer covenants with the registered owners of &,c Bonds that at all times while the Bonds are outstanding the Issuer will provide a competent and legally qualified bank, trust company, financial institution, or other agency to act as and perform the services of Paying Agent/Registrar for the Bonds under this Ordinance, and that the Paying Agent/Registrar will be one entity. The Issuer reserves the right to, and may, at its option, change the Paying Agent/Registrar upon not less than 120 days written notice to the Paying Agent/Registrar, to be effective not later than 60 days prior to the next principal or interest payment date after such notice. In the event that the entity at any time acting as Paying Agent/Registrar (or its suocessor by merger, acquisition, or other method) should resign or otherwise cease to act as such, the Issuer covenants that promptly it will appoint a competent and legally qualified bank, trust company, financial institution, or other agency to act as Paying Agent/Reg;strar under this Ordinance. Upon any change in the Paying Agent/Registrar, the previous Paying Agent/Registrar promptly shall transfer and deliver the Registration Books (or a copy thereof), along with all other pertinent books and records relating to the Bonds, to the new Paying Agent/Registrat designated and appointed by the Issuer. Upon any change in the Paying Agent/Registrar, the Issuer promptly will cause a written notice thereof to be sent by the new Paying Agent/Registrar to each registered owner of the Bonds, by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, which notice also shall give the address of the new Paying Agent/Registrar. By accepting the position and performing as such, each Paying Agent/Regis- trar shall be deemed to have agreed to the provisions of this Ordinance, and a certified copy of this Ordinance shall be delivered to each Paying Agent/Registrar. Section 7. FORMS OF SUBSTITUTE BONDS. The form of all Bonds issued in conversion and exchange or replacement of any other Bond or portion thereof, including the form of Paying Agent/Registrar's Certificate to be printed on each of such Bonds, and the Form of Assignment to be printed on each of the Bonds, shall be, respectively, substantially as follows, with such appropriate variations, omissions, or Insertions as are permitted or requited by this Ordinance. 18 r 11 FORM OF SUBSTITUTE SERIES 1993A BOND NO. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PRINCIPAL AMOUNT STATE OF TEXAS s COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING BOND SERIES 1993A ORIGINAL DATE INTEREST RATE MATURITY DATE OF ISSUE CUSIP NO, % JUNE 1, 1993 ON THE MATURITY DATE specified above the CITY OF DENTON in Denton County, 1 Texas (the "Issuer"), being a political subdivision of the State of Texas, hereby promises to pay to o r to the registered assignee hereof (either being hereinafter called the "registered owner") the principal amount of i f and to pay interest thereon from JUNE 1, 1993, to the maturity date specified above, or thy: date of redemption prior to maturity, at the interest rate per annum specified above; with interest being payable on DECEMBER 1, 1993, and semiannually on each DECEMBER 1 and JUNE 1 thereafter, except that if the date of authentication of this Bond is later than the first Record Date (hereinafter defined), such principal amount shall bear interest from the interest payment date next preceding the date of authentication, unless such date of authentication is after any Record Date (hereinafter defined) but on or before the next following interest payment date, in which case such principal amount shall bear interest from such next following interest payment date, Said interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months. THE PRINCIPAL OF AND INTEREST ON this Bond are payable in lawful money of the United States of America, without exchange or collection charges. The principal of this Bond shall be paid to the registered owner hereof upon presentation and surrender of this Bond at maturity or upon the date fixed for its redemption prior to maturity, at the principal corporate trust office of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, NA, DALLAS, TEXAS, which is the 'Paying Agent/Registrar' for this Bond The payment of interest on this Bond shall be made by the Paying Agent/Registrar to the registered owner hereof on each interest payment date by check, dated as of such interest payment date, drawn by the Paying Agent/Registrar on, and payable solely from, funds of the Issuer required by the ordinance authorizing the issuance of the Bonds (the "Bond Ordinance") to be on deposit with the Paying Agent/Registrar for such purpose as hereinafter provided; and such check shall be sent by the Paying Agent/Registrar by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, on each such Interest payment date, to the registered owner hereof, at the address of the registered owner, as it appeared at the close of business on the 15th day of the month next preceding each such date (the "Record Date") on the Registration Books kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar, as hereinafter described. However, the payment of such interest may be made by any other method acceptable to the Paying 19 Agent/Registrar and requested by, and at the risk and expense of, the registered owner hereof. Any accrued interest due upon the redemption of this Bond prior to maturity as provided herein shall be paid to the registered owner at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agent/Registrar upon presentation and surrender of this Bond for redemption and payment at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agent/Registrar. The Issuer covenants with the registered owner of this Bond that on or before each principal payment date, interest payment date, and accrued interest payment date for this Bond it will make available to the Paying Agent/Registrar, from the "Interest and Sinking Fund" created by the Bond Ordinance, the amounts required to provide for the pa; ment, in immediately available funds, of all principal of and interest on the Bonds, when due. IF THE DATE for the payment of the principal of or interest on this Bond shall be a Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking institutions in the City where the Paying Agent/Registrar is located are authorized by law or executive order to close, then the date for such payment shall be the next succeeding day which is not such a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which banking institutions are authorized to close; and payment on such date shall have the same force and effect as if made on the original date payment was due. THIS BOND is one of an Issue of Bonds initially dated JUNE 1, 1943, authorized in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the State of Texas in the principal amount of S FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO REFUND S IN AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONDS. ON DECEMBER 1, 2002, or on any date whatsoever thereaft.r, the Bonds of this Series may be redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, at the option of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available and lawful source, as a whole, or in part, and, if In part, the particular Bonds, or portions thereof, to be redeemed shall be selected and designated by the Issuer (provided that a portion of a Bond may be redeemed only in an integral multiple of $5,000), at the redsnption price of the par or principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. ON DECEMBER 10 and on DECEMBER 1 of each of the years hereinafter specified, the outstanding Bonds of this-Series scheduled to mature on DECEMBER 1, and on DECEMBER 1, . are subject to mandatory redemption prior to their scheduled maturities, and shall be redeemed by the Issuer, in part, prior to their scheduled maturities, with money from the Interest and Sinking Fund, witb the particular Bonds or portion thereof to be redeemed to be selected by the Issuer at random, by lot or other customary method (provided that a portion of a Bond may be redeemed only in an integral multiple of $5,000), at a redemption price equal to the par or principal amount thereof and accrued interest to the date of redemption, oa the dates, and in the principal amounts, respectively, as shown in the following schedule: 20 December 1, Maturity December L Maturity Principal Dates Amounts Principal Dale Amounts December 1, S December I, S ncccmber 1, S December 1, $ December 1, $ The principal amount of the Bonds required to be redeemed on any redemption date pursuant to the foregoing operation of the mandatory sinking fund shall be reduced, at the option of the Issuer, by the principal amount of any Bonds out of the maturity scheduled for redemption in part on such redemption date which, at least 45 days prior to the mandatory sinking fund redemption date, (1) shall have been acquired by the Issuer and delivered to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, i or (2) shall have been acquired and cancelled by the Paying Agent/Registrar, at the direction of the Issuer, with funds from the Interest and Sinking Fund, in either case at a price not exceeding the par or principal amount of such Bonds plus accrued Interest to the dale of acquisition thereof. AT LEAST 30 days prior to the date Fixed for any redemption of Bonds or portions thereof prior to maturity a written notice of such redemption shall be published once in a financial publica- tio n, journal, or reporter of general circulation among securities dealers in The City of New York, New York St a of Texas (inclludingbut , limited to The Texas Bond Reporter). Such lnoJournal, or in tice also shall the sent by the Paying Agent/Regislrar by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, not less than 30 days prior to the date fixed for any such redemption, to the registered owner of each Bond to be redeemed at its address as it appeared on the 451h day prior to such redemption date; provided, however, that the failure to send, mail, or receive such notice, or any defect therein or in the sending or mailing thereof, shall not affect the validity or effectiveness of the proceedings for the redemption of any Bond, and it is hereby specifically provided that the publication of such notice as required above shall be the only notice actually required in connection wish or as a prerequisite to the redemptioo of any Bonds or portions thereof. By the date fixed for any such redemption due provision shall be made with the Paying Agent/Registrar for the payment of the required redemption price for the Bonds or portions thereof which are to be so redeemed, plus accrued Interest thereon to the date fixed for redemption. If such written notice of redemption is published and if due provision for such payment is made, all as provided above, the Bonds or portiors thereof which are to be to redeemed thereby automatically shall be treated as redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, and they shall not bear Interest after the date fixed for redemption, and they shall not be regarded as being outstanding except for the right of the registered owner to receive the redemption price plus accrued interest from the Paying Agent/ Registrar out of the funds provided for such payment. If a portion of any Bond shall be redeemed a substitute Bond or Bonds having the same maturity date, bearing interest at the same rate, In any denomination or denominations in any integral l multiple of $5,000, at the written request of the registered owner, and in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof, will be issued to the registered owner upon the surrender thereof for cancellation, at the expense of the Issuer, all as provided in the Bond Ordinance. 21 { THIS BOND OR ANY POR'ITON OR PORTIONS HEREOF IN / ANY , hIULTIPLE OF $5,000 may be assigned and shall be transferred only in the Registration BooGks of the Issuer kept by the Paying Agent/Regisirar acting in the capacity of registrar for the Bonds, upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Bond Ordinance. Among other requirements for such assignment and transfer, this Bond must be presented and surrendered to the Paying AgendRegistrar, together with proper instruments of assignment, inform and with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, evidencing assignment of this Bond or any portion or portions hereof - in any integral multiple of $5,000 to the assignee or assignors in whose name or names this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof is or are to be transferred and registered. The form of Assignment printed or endorsed on this Bond shall be executed by the registered owner or its duly authorized attorney or representative, to esidence the assignment hereof. A new Bond or Bonds payable to such assignee or assignees (v. %ich then will be the new registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds), or to the previous registered owner in the case of the assigi,...ent and transfer of only a portion of this Bond, may be delivered by the Paying Agent/Registrar in conversion of and exchange for this Bond, all in the form end manner as provided in the next paragraph hereof for the conversion and exchange of other Bonds. The Issuer shall pey the Paying Agent/Registrars standard or customary fees and charges for making such transfer, but the one requesting such transfer shall pay any taxes or other governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto. The Paying Agcnt/Registrar shall not be required to make transfers of registration o: this Bond or any portion hereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of bteiness on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or any portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption date. The registered owner of this Bond shall be deemed and treated by the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes, including payment and discharge of liability upon this Bond to the extent of such payment, and the Issuer and Ise Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary. ALL BONDS OF THIS SERIES are imuable solely as fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, In the denomination of any integral multiple of $5,000. .j provided in the Bond Ordinance, this Bond, or any unredeemed portion hereof, may, at the request of the registered owner or the assignee or assignees hereof, be converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, payable to the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be, having the same maturity dat., and bearing interest at the same rate, in any denomination or denominations in any integral multiple of $5,000 as requested in writing by the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be, upon surrender of this Bond to the Paying Agent/Regisirar for cancellation, all in accordance with the form and procedures set forth in the Bond Ordinance. The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/. Registrars standard or customary fees and charges for transferring, convening, and exchanging any Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto as a condition prece• dent to the exercise of such privilege of conversion and exchange. Tha Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make any such conversion and exchange (1) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 4S days prior to its redemption date. 22 I1]jA I i, IN THE EVENT any Paying Agent, Registrar for the Bonds is changed by the Issuer, 4esigns, or otherwise ceases to act as such, the Issuer has covenanted in the Bond Ordinance that it promptly will apgsint a competert and legally qualified substitute therefor, and promptly will cause written notice thereof to be mailed to the registered owners of the Bonds. IT IS HEREBY certified, recited, and covenanted that this Bond has been duly and validly authorized, issued, sold,and delivered; that all acts, conditions, and things required or proper to be performed, exist, and be done precedent to or in the authorization, issuance, and delivery of this Bond have been performed, existed, and been done in accordance with law; that this Bond is a special obligation of the Issuer, secured by and payable, together with other bonds, from a first lien on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues", which include initially the "Net Revenues of the °-stem", as such terms are defined in the Bond Ordinance, with the System consisting of the City's entire combined waterworks, sewer, and electric light and power system. THE ISSUER has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated in the Bond Ordinance, to issue Additional Bonds payable from and secured by a first lien on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues" on a parity with this Bond and series of which it is a part. THE ISSUER also has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions slated in the Bond Ordinance, to amend the Bond Ordinance with the approval of the holders or owners of fifty-one percent in principal amount of all outstanding bonds which are secured by and payable from a first Hen on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues. THE REGISTERED OWNER hereof shall never have The right to demand payment of this Bond or the interest hereon out of any funds raised or to be raised by taxation or from any source whatsoever other than specified in the Bond Ordinance. BY BECOMING The registered owner of this Bond, the registered owner thereby acknowledges all of the terms and provisions of the Bond Ordinance, agrees to be bound by such terms and provisions, acknowledges that the Bond Ordinance is duly recorded and available for inspection in the official minuses and records othee governing body of the Lauer, and agrees that the terms and provisions of this Bond and the Bond Ordinance constitute a contract between each registered owner hereof and the Issuer. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this Bond to be signed with the facsimile signature of the Mayor of the Issuer and countersigned with the facsimile signature of the City Secretary of the Issuer, and has caused the official seal of the Issuer to be duly impressed, or plaee~ In facsimile, on this Bond. Sfacaimile signature) _ (facsimile signaturc) i City Secretary, Mayor, City of Denton, Texas City of Denton, Texas (CITY SEAL) 23 k i apen0a'(em~..~~ c f ~-~~'-~A~NT/REGfSTRAR'S Ai1T't! ON C RTI F ~ ~~f' PAYING AGENT/REGISTRAR'S AUTHENTICATION CERTTCICATE Icied ises herebcribed y certithis infiedBond;that thisthat andBonthd ehasBondbeenhas issued under the provisions of the Bond been issued in conversion of and exchange for orOrdinan replacement of a bond, bonds, or a portion of a bond or bonds of an Issue which originally was approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. r NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS Paying Agent/Registrar Dated By Authorized Representative MR-QEAKIDMEND ASSIGNMENT FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned registered owner of this Bond, or duty authorized representative or attorney thereof, hereby assigns this Bond to L--- (Assignee's Social (print or typewrite Autgaee'a name and Security or Taxpayer address, including zip Identification Number 0~ end hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints attorney to transfer L.J. registration of this Bond on the Paying Agent/Registrar's Registration Books with full power of substitution In the premises, Dated: i Signature Guaranteed: NOTICE; The signature must be i guaranteed by a member of the Registered Owner New York Stock Exchange or a must core The signature above commercial bank or trust ft correspond with the name company. of the Registered Owner ap- j gearing on the face of this Bond. 24 AcmdaNn /fJ L I Agendaltem_l~ _ D?1e___ FORM OF SUBSTITUTE TAXABLE SERIES 19938 BOND NO. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PRINCIPAL AMOUNT STATE CF TEXAS COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE REFUNDING BOND TAXABLE SERIES 19938 ORIGINAL DATE INTEREST RATE MATURITY DA OF ISSUE CUSIP NO. % JUNE 1, 1993 ON THE bIATURfIY DATE specified above the CITY OF DENTON, in Denton County, e Texas (tbe "Issuer"), being a political subdivision of the State of Texas, hereby promises to pay to or tothe registered assignee j hereof (either being hereinafter called the "registered owner") the principal amount of i I and to pay interest thereon from JUNE 1, 1993, to the maturity date specified above, or the date of redemption prior to maturity, at the Interest rate Fer annum specified above; with interest being payable on DECEMBER 1, 1993, and semiannually on each DECEMBER 1 and JUNE 1 thereafter, except that if the date of authentication of this Bond is later than the first Record Date (hereinafter defined), such principal amount shall bear interest from the interest payment date next preceding the date of authentication, unless such date of authentication is after any Record Date (hereinafter defined) but on or before the next following interest payment date, In which case such principal amount shall bear interest from such next following interest payment date. Said Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve Way months. THE PRINCIPAL OF AND INTEREST ON this Bond are payable in lawful money of the United States of America, without exchange or collection charges. The principal of this Bond shall be paid to the registered owner hereof upon presentation and surrender of this Bond at maturity or upon the date fixed for its redemption prior to maturity, at the principal corporate trust office of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS, which 6 the "Paying Agent/Registrar" for this Bond. The payment of interest on this Bond shall be made by the Paying Agent/Registrar to the registered owner hereof on each interest payment date by check, dated as of such interest payment date, drawn by the Paying Agent/Registrar on, and payable solely from, funds of the Issuer required by the ordinance authorising the issuance of the Bonds (the "Bond Ordinance") to be on deposit with the Paying Agent/Registrar for such purpose as hereinafter provided; and such check shall be sent by the Paying Agent/Registrar by United States mail, lint-class postage prepaid, on each such Interest payment date, to the registered owner hereof, at the address of the registered owner, as it appeared at the close of business on the 15tb day of the month next preceding each such date (the "Record Date") on the Registration Books kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar, as hereinafter described. However, the payment of such interest may be made by any other method acceptable to the Paying Agent/Registrar and requested by, and at the risk and expense of, the registered owner hereof. Any accrued interest due upon the redemption of this Bond pr,:)r to maturity as provided herein shall be 25 Aaerda No paid to the regisicrd owner at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agen e r1 t/tzg6frar upon presentation and surrender of this Bond for redemption and payment at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agent/Registrar. The Issuer covenants with the registered owner of this Bond that on or before each principal payment date, Interest payment date, and accrued Interest payment date for this Bond it will make available to the Paying Agent/Registrar, from the 'Interest and Sinking Fund" created by the Bond Ordinance, the amounts required to provide for the payment, In immediately available funds, or all principal of and interest on the Bonds, when due. IF THE DATE for the payment of the principal of or Interest on this Bond shall be a Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking institutions in the City where the Paying Agent/Regislrar Is located are authorized by law or executive order to close, then the date for such payment shall be the next succeeding day which Is not such a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which banking institutions are authorized to close; and payment on such dale shall have the same force and effect as if made on the original date payment was due. THIS BOND b one of an Issue of Bonds Initially dated JUNS 1, 1993, authorized In i accordance with the Constitution and laws of the State of Texas In the principal amount of S- FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO REFUND $ IN AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF CITY OF DENTON UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONDS. ON DECEMBER 1, 2002, or on any date whatsoever thereafter, the Bonds of this Series may be redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, at the option of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available and lawful source, as a whole, or in part, and, if in part, the particular Bonds, or portions thereof, to be redeemed shall be selected and designated by the Issuer (provided that a portion of a Bond may be redeemed only In an Integral multiple of $5,000), at the redemption price of the par or principal amount thereof, plus accrued Interest to the date fixed for redemption. DECE BER and on ER I each of the the outstanding Bonds of thv Series sch dufd Bo ma ure on DECEMBERr'nafter specified, DECEMBER It are subject to mandatory redemption prior to their scheduled maturities, and shall be redeemed by the Issuer, In part, prior to their scheduled maturities, with money from the Interest and Sinking Fund, with the particular Bonds or portion thereof to be redeemed to be selected by the Issuer at random, by lot or other customary method (provided that a portion of a Bond may be redeemed only In an integral multiple of $3,000), at a redemption price equal to the par or principal amount thereof and accrued interest to the date of redemption, on the dates, and In the principal amounts, respectively, as shown In the following schedule; ~gmber 1. Msturity Principal I2esmber 1. MArurity D-119 Amounts Principal P-ag Amounts December 1, $ December I, S December I, S December 1, $ December 1, $ 26 I 4~:e!TdrJn _ _ j h ipzllu'tr. Jam' Z { The principal amount of the Bonds required to be redeemed on any redemption date pursuant to the foregoing operation of the mandatory sinking fund shall be reduced, at the option of the Issuer, by the principal amount of any Bonds out of the maturity scheduled for redemption in part on ►•1ch redemption date which, at least 45 days prior to the mandatory sinking fund redemption date, (1) shall have been acquired by the Issuer and delivered to the Paying Agcnt/Registrar for cancellation, or (2) shall have been acquired and cancelled by the Paying Agent/Registrar, at the direction of the Issuer, with funds from the Interest and Sinking Fund, In either case at a price not exceeding the par or principal amount of such Bonds plus accrued interest to the date of acquisition thereof. AT LEAST 30 days prior to the date fixed for any redemption of Bonds or portions thereof prior to maturity a written notice of such redemption shall be published once In a financial publica- tion, journal, or reporter of general circulation among securities dcal,:rs in The City of New York. New York (including, but not limited to, The Bond Buyer and The Wall Street Journal), or in the State of Texas (including, but not limited to, The Texas Bond Reporter), Such notice also shall be sent by the Paying Agent/Registrar by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, not less than 30 days prior to the date fixed for any such redemption, to the registered owner of each Bond to be redeemed at its address as it appeared on the 45th day prior to such redemption date; provided, however, that the failure to send, mail, or receive such notice, or any defect therein or in the sending or mailing thereof, shall not affect the validity or effectiveness of the proceedings for the redemption of any Bond, and it Is hereby specifically provided that the publication of such notice as required above shall be the only notice actually required in connection with or as a prerequisite to the redemption of any Bonds or portions thereof, By the date feed for any such redemption due provision shall be made with the Paying Agent/Registrar for the payment of the required redemption price for the Bonds or portions thereof which are to be so redeemed, plus accrued interest thereon to the date fixed for redemption. If such written notice of redemption is published and if due provision for such payment is made, all as provided above, the Bonds or portions thereof which are to be so redeemed thereby automatically shall be treated as redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, and they shalt not bear Interest after the date fixed for redemption, and they shall not be regarded as being outstanding except for the right of the registered owner to receive the redemption price plus accrued Interest from the Paying Agent/ Registrar out of the funds provided for such payment. If a portion of any Bond shall be redeemed a substitute &md or Bonds having the same maturity date, bearing interest at the same rate, in anydenontination or denominations in any Integral multiple of $5,000, at the written request of the registered owner, and in aggregate principal amount equal to the unret. eented portion thereof, will be issued to the registered owner upon the surrender thereof for cancellation, at the expense of the Issuer, all as provided In the Bond Ordinance, THIS BOND OR ANY PORTION OR PORTIONS HEREOF IN ANY INTEGRAL MULTIPLE OF $5,000 may be assigned and shall be transferred only In the Registration Books of the Issuer kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar acting in the capacity of registrar for the Bonds, upon the terms and conditions set forth In the Bond Ordinance, Among other requirements for such assignment and transfer, this Bond must be presented vA surrendered to the Paying Agent/Rcgistrar, together with proper instruments of assignment, in form and with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, evidencing assignment of this Bond or any portion or portions hereof in any Integral multiple of $5,000 to the assignee or aulgrnces In whose name or names this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof Is or are to be transferred and registered. The form of 27 ~~10aNo 4- Assign men i printed or endorsed on this Bond shall be executed by the registered owner or its duly authorized attorney or representative, ro evidence the assignment hereof. A new Bond or Bonds payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the new registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds), or to the previous registered owner in the case of the assignment and transfer of only a portion of this Bond, may be delivered by the Paying Agent/Registrar In wmersion of and exchange for this Bond, all in the form and manner as provided in the next paragraph hereof for the conversion and exchange of other Bonds, The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/Registrar's standard or customary fees and charges for making such transfer, but the one requesting such transfer shall pay any taxes or other governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto, The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make transfers of registration of this Bond or any portion hereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or any portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption date, The registered owner of this Bond shall be deemed and treated by the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes, Including j payment and discharge of liability upon this Bond to the extent of such payment, and the Issuer and the Paying Agcnt/Regislrar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary, ALL BONDS OF THIS SERIES are issuable solely as fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, In the denomination of any integral multiple of 55,000. As provided in the Bond Ordinance, this Bond, or any unredeemed portion hereof, may, at the request of the registered owner or the assignee or assignees hereof, be converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without Interest coupons, payable to the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be, having the same maturity date, and bearing Interest at the saint rate, In any denomination or denominations in any integral multiple of $5,000 as requested In writing by the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be upon surrender of this Bond to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, all In accordance with i tie form and procedures set forth in the Bond Ordinance. The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/- kegulrar's standard or customary fees and charges for transferring, converting, and exchanging any Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting such transfer, conversion, and exchange shalt pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto as a condition prece- dent to the exercise of such privilege of conva:rsion and exchange. The Paying not be required to make any such conversion and exchange (1) during the eriod cowmen ing shay the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (it) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption date. IN THE EVENT any paying Agent/Registrar for the Bonds is changed by the fssuer, resigns, or otherwise cease to act as such, the Issuer has covenanted in the Bond Ordinance that it promptly will appoint a competent &Ad legally qualified substitute therefor, and promptly will cause written notice thereof to be mailed to the registered owners of the Bonds, IT IS HEREBY certified, recited, and covenanted that this Bond has been duly and validly authorized, Issued, sold,and delivered; that all acts, conditions, and things required or proper to be performed, exist, and be done precedent to or in the authorization, Issuance, and delivery of this 28 "Veltla No c j 49en0alfem_~, Bond have been performed, existed, and been done in accordance with law; that this Bond's ,Ispecial~' obligation of the Issuer, secured by and payable, together with other bonds, from a first lien on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues", which include initially the "Net Revenues of the System", as such terms are defined in the Bond Ordinance, with the System consisting of the City's entire combined waterworks, sewer, and electric light and power system. THE ISSUER has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated In the Bond Ordinance, to issue Additional Bonds payable from and secured by a first lien on and pledge of the "Pledged Revenues" on a parity with this Band and series of which it is a part. THE ISSUER also has reserved the right, subject to the restrictions stated in the Bond Ordinance, to amend the Bond Ordinance with the approval of the holders or owners of fifty-one percent In principal amount of all ouutanding bonds which are secured by and payable from a first lien on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues. THE REGISTERED OWNER hereof shall never have the right to demand payment of this Bond or the Interest hereon out of any funds raised or to be raised by taxation or from any source whatsoever other than specified in the Bond Ordinance. BY BECOMING the registered owner of this Bond, the registered owner thereby acknowledges all of the terms and provisions of the Bond Ordinance, agrees to be bound by such terms and provisions, acknowledges that the Bond Ordinance It duly recorded and available for inspection In the official minutes and records of the governing body of the Issuer, and agrees that the terms and provisions of this Bond and the Bond Ordinance constitute a contract between each registered owner hereof and the Issuer. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this Bond to be signed with the facsimile signature of the Mayor of the Issuer and countersigned with the facsimile signature of the City Secretary of the Issuer, and has caused the official seat of the Issuer to be duly impressed, or placed In facsimile, on this Bond. ~ffacsimile sianaturel _(faca mile signature) City Secretary, Mayor, City of Denton, Texas City of Denton, Texas (CM SEAL) FORM OF PAYING AGE UrHEKnCA13ON CERTIFICATE PAYING AGENTIREGISTRAR'S AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE It is hereby certified that this Bond has been Issued under the provisions of the Bond Ordinance described in this Bond; and that this Bond has been issued In conversion of and exchange for or replacement of a bond, bonds, or a portion of a bond or bonds of an issue which originally was 29 A9e0daNo Date approved by the Attorney General of the Slate of Texas and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS Paying Agcnt/Registrar Dated By Authorized Representative FORM OF AS. IONM NT: ASSIGNMENT FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned registered owner of this Bond, or duly authorized representative or attorney thereof, hereby assigns this Bond to I (Assignee's Social (print or typewrite Assignee's name and Security or Taxpayer address, Including zip code) Identification Number and hereby irr evocably constitutes and appoints attorney to Transfer the registration of this Bond on the Paying A eent/Regtstraes Registration Books with full power of substitution in the premises. Dated: Signature Ouaranteed: NO TICE: The signature must be _ Registered Owner guaranteed by a member of the NOTICE: The signature above New York Stock Exchange or a must correspond with the name commercial bank or trust of the Registered Owner ap• company' pearing on the face of this Bond. Seca; DEFINITIONS. As used In this Ordinance the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below, unlea,s the text hereof specifically Indicates otherwise: (a) 'fhe terms 'City' and "Issuer" shall mean the City of Denton, In Denton County, Texas. 30 ~tUenda No. ~ I `_S < ~ A~endaltan~~Ej~_1 r" f :fe_ 1 (b) The term "City Council" or "Council" shall mean the governing body of the City. (c) The term "Bonds" shall mean collectively the Initial Bends as defined end debcribcd in Section 2 or this Ordinance and all substitute bonds exchanged therefor, and all other substitute bonds and replacement bonds, issued pursuant to and as provided In this Ordinance. (d) The term "Parity Bonds" shall mean collectively (i) the outstanding Cityof Denton Utility System Refunding Revenue Bonds, Series 1983, authorized by ordinance passed on March 10, 1983 (the "Series 1483 Bonds"), (ii) the outstanding City of Denton Utility System Revenue Bonds, Series 1484, authorized by ordinance passed on February 21, 1984 (the "Series 1984 Bonds"), (iii) the outstanding City of Denton Utility System Revenue Bonds, Series 1984.A, authorized by ordinance passed on September 25, 1984 (the Series 1984•A Bonds), (iv) the outstanding Cityof Denton Utility System Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series 1987, authorized by ordinance passed on January 27, 1987 (the "Series 1987 Bonds"), (v) the outstanding City of Denton Utility System Revenue Bonds, Series 1958, authorize] by ordinance passed on August 2, 1988 (the "Series 1988 Bonds"), (vi) the outstanding S'ity of Denton Utility System Revenue Bonds, Series 1989, authorized by ordinance passed on October 24, 1989 (the "Series 1984 Bonds"), (vii) the outstanding City of [lenion Utility System Revenue Bonds, Series 1992, authorized by ordinance passed on March 3, 1942 (the "feries 1992 Bonds"), (viii) the outstanding City of Denton Utility System Revenue Bonds, Series 1993, authorized by ordinance passed March 16, 1993, and (ix) the Bonds. (e) The term "Additional Bonds" shall mean the additional parity revenue bonds which the City reserves the right to issue In the future, In accordance with Section 25 of this Ordinance. (Q The term "System" shall mean (1) the City's entire existing waterworks and sewer system and the City's entire existing electric light and power system, together with all future extensions, Improvements, enlargements, and additions thcrelo, and all replacements thereof, and (2) any other related facilities, all or any part of the revenues or income from which do, in the future, at the option of the City, and in accordance with law, become "Pledged Revenues" as hereinafter defined, provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, and to the extent now or hereafter authorized or permitted by law, the term System shall not mean any water, sewer, electric, or other facilities of any kind which are declared not to be a part of the System, and which arc acquired or constructed by the City with the proceeds from the Issuance of "Special Facilities Bonds% which are hereby defined as being special revenue obligations of the City which are not payable from or secured by any Pledged Revenues, but which are secured by and payable from liens on and pledges of any other revenues, sources, or payments, including, but not limited to, special contract revenues or payments received from any other legal entity In connection with such facilities, and such revenues, sources, or payments shall not be considered as or constitute Gross Revenues of the System, unless and to the extent otherwise provided in the ordinance or ordinances authorizing the Issuance of such "Special Facilities Bonds". (g) The terms "Gross Revenues of the System" and "Gross Revenues" shall mean all revenues and Income of every nature derived or received by the City from the operation and ownership of the System, Including the Interest Income from the investment or deposit of money In any Fund created by this Ordinance. 31 (h) The terms "Net Revenues of the System", and "Net Revenues" shall mean all loss Revenues after deducting therefrom an amount equal to the curtent expenses of operation and maintenance of the System, including all salaries, labor, materials, repairs, and extensions necessary to render efficient service, provided, however, that only such repairs and extensions, as in the judgment of the City Council, reasonably and fairly exercised by the adoption of appropriate resolu• tions, are necessary to keep the System In operation and render adequate service to said City and the inhabitants thereof, or such as might be necessary to meet some physical nc, ident or condition which would otherwise Impair the Bonds or Additional Bonds, shall be deducted i.t determining "Net Revc. _ nues Payments required to be made by the City for water supply or water facilities, sewer services or sewer facilities, fuel supply, and for the purchase of electric power, which payments under law constitute operation and maintenance expenses of any part of the System, shall constitute and be regarded as expenses of operation and maintenance of the System under this Ordinance. j Depreciation and amortization shall not constitute or be regarded as expenses of operation and j maintenance of the System. (i) The lean "Pledged Revenues" shall mean (I) the Net Revenues, plus (2) any additional revenues, income, or other resources which are expected to be available to the City on a regular periodic basis, including, without limitation, any grants, donations, or Income received or to be received from the United States Government, or any other public or private source, whether pursuant to an agreement or otherwise, which In the future may, at the option of ft City, be pledged to the payment of the Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds. 0) The term 'ear' or "fiscal year" shall mean the fiscal year used by the City In connection with the operation of the System. of America, T including ob gatons l he ObligatiorW shall of nd atintdirect erest on obligations which are unconditioStates nally guaranteed by the United States of America, which may be United States Treasury obligations such as Its State and Local Government Series, and which may be in book-entry form. Section 9. PLEDGE. (a) The Bonds are "Additional Bonds" as permitted by Sections 24 and 25 of the ordinance passed on March 10, 1983, authorizing the Series 1983 Bonds; and it is hereby determined, declared, and resolved that all of the Parity Bonds (including the Bonds) are secured and payable equally and ratably on a parity, and that Sections 8 through a of this Ordinance are supplemental to and cumulative of Sections 7 through 27 of the aforesaid ordinance passed on March 10, 1983, with Sections 8 through 28 of this Ordinance being applicable to all of the Parity Bonds. (b) The Parity Bonds and any Additional Bonds, and the Interest thereon, Including any interest coupons appertaining thereto, are and shall be secured by and payable from a first lien on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues, and the Pledged Revenues are further pledged to the l establishment and maintenance of the Funds created by this Ordinance, and any Funds created by f 32 any ordinance authorizing the L;suance of any Additional Bonds. The Parity Bonds and any Additional Bonds are not and will not be secured by or payable from a mortgage or deed of trust on any real, personal, or mixed properties constituting the System. Section 10. SYSTEM FUND. There heretofore has been and is hereby created and there shall be established and maintained on the books of the City, and accounted for separate and apart from all other funds of the City, a special fund to be entitled the "City of Denton Utility System Fund" (the "System Fund"). All Gross Revenues shall be credited to the System Fund immediately upon receipt, unless otherwise provided In this Ordinance. All current expenses of operation and maintenance of the System shall be paid from such Gross Revenu.x credited to the System Fund as a first charge against same. Before making any deposits hereinafter required to be made from the j System Fund, the City shall retain in the System Fund at all times an amount at least equal to one- sixth of the amount budgeted for the they. current fiscal year for the current operation and maintenance expenses of the System. Section IL INTEREST AND SINKING FUND. For the sole purpose principal of and Interest on all Parity Bonds and Additional Bends, there heretofore has been and is hereby created and there shall be established and maintained on the books of the City, and accounted for separate and apart from all other funds of the City, a separate fund to be entitled the "City of Denton Utility System Revenue Bonds Interest and Sinking Fund" (the "Interest and Sinking Fund"). Section 12 RESERVE FUND. There heretofore has been, and is hereby, created, and there shall be established and maintained at NationsBank of Texas, N.A., and hereafter, at the option of the City, established and maintained at any time at any national bank having a capital and surplus in excess of $25,000,000, a separate fund to be entitled the "City of Denton Utility System Bonds and Additional Bonds Reserve Fund" (the "Reserve Fund"). The Reserve Fund shall be used to pay the principal of and interest on any Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds when and to the extent the amounts in the Interest and Sinking Fund available for such payment are insufficient for such purpose, and may be used for the purpose of finally retiring the last of any Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds. Section U. EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT FUND. There heretofore has been and is hereby created and there shall be established and maintained on the books of the City, and accounted for separate and apart from all other funds of the City, a separate fund to be entitled the "City of Denton Utility System Extension and Improvement Fund" (the "Extension and Improvement Fund"). The Extension and Improvement Fund shall be used for the purpose of paying the costs of Improvements, enlargements, extensions, additions, replacements, or other capital expenditures related to the System, or for paying the costs of unexpected or extraordinary repair or replacements of the System for which System funds are not available, or for paying unexpected or extraordinary expenses of operation and maintenance of the System for which System funds are not otherwise available, or for any other lawful purpose. Section 14. EMERGENCY FUND. There is hereby created and there shall be established and maintained on the books of the City, and accounted for separate and apart from all other funds of the City, a separate fund to be entitled the "City of Denton Utility System Emergency Fund" (the 33 i "Emergency Fund"). The Emergency Fund shall be used for the purpose of payig led or extraordinary expenses of repair, replacement, operation, and maintenance of the Systc tem for which neither System funds nor the moneys in the Extension and Improvement Fund are available. There was deposited in the Emergency Fund simultaneously with the delivery of the Series 1983 Bonds to the initial purchasers thereof from lawfully available funds of the City the amount of $250,000. All investment interest income from the Emergency Fund shall be transferred to the System Fund as received. Section 15. DEPOSITS OF PLEDGED REVENUES. Pledged Revenues shall be credited to or deposited In the Interest and Sinking Fund, the Reserve Fund, the Extension and Improvement Fund, and other funds when and as required by this Ordinance and any ordinance authorizing the issuance of Additional Bonds. Section 16. INVESTMENTS. Money in any Fund established pursuant to this Ordinance or any ordinance authorizing the issuance of Additional Bonds, may, at the option of the City, be placed in time deposih or certificates of deposit secured by obligations of the type hereinafter described, or be invested .n Government Obligations (as defined In Section 8 hereof) or obligations guaranteed or insured by the United States of America, which, in the opinion of the Attorney General of the United States, are backed by its fuG laith and credit or represent its general obligations, or invaded in obligations of instrumentalities of the United States of America, Including, but not limited to, ,widences of indebtedness issued, insured, or guaranteed by such governmental agencies as the Fed:ral Land Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Banks for Cooperatives, Federal Home Loaa Banks, Government National Mortgage Association, United States Postal Service, Farmers Home Administration, Federal K)me Loan Mortgage Association, Small Business Administration, Federal Housing Association, or Participation Certificates In the Federal Assets Financing Trust; provided that all such deposits and investments shall be made In such manner as will, in the opinion of the City, permit the money required to be expended from any Fund to be available at the proper time or times as expected to be needed. Such investments (except United States Treasury Obligations.-State and Local Government Series investments held In book entry form, which shall at all times, be valued at cost) shall be valued In terms of current market value as of the last day of each fiscal year. Unless otherwise set forth herein, all interest and income derived from such deposits and Investments immediately shall be credited to, and any losses debited to, the Fund from which the deposit or investment was made, and surpluses in any Fund shall or may be disposed of as hereinafter provided. Such Investments shall be sold promptly when necessary to prevent any default in connection with the Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds consistent with the ordinances, respectively, authorizing their i~Auance. Section 17. FUNDS SECURED. That money in all Funds created by this Ordinance, to the talent not invested, shall be secured in the manner prescribed by law. Section 18. PRIORITY OF DEPOSITS AND PAYMENTS FROM SYSTEM FUND. That the City shall make the deposits and payments from Pledged Revenues in the System Fund when and as required by this Ordinance and any ordinance authorizing any Additional Bonds, and such deposits shall be made In the following manner and with the following Irrevocable priorities, respectively: Fiat, to the Interest and Sinking Fund, when and in the amounts required by this Ordinance and 34 any ordinance authorizing any Additional Bonds; Second, to the Reserve Fund, when and in the amounts required by this Ordinance and any ordinance authorizing any Additional Bonds; and Third, to the Extension and Improvement Fund, when and as required by Section 21 of this Ordinance. Section 19. INTEREST AND SINKING FUND REQUIREMENTS. The City shall cause to be deposited to the credit of the Interest and Sinking Fund the accrued Interest and any premium received from the sale of the Initial Bond, and on or before the 251h day of each month, the City shall cause to be deposited to the credit of the Interest and Sinking Fund, In approximately equal monthly payments, amounts sufficient, together with any other funds on hand therein, to pay all of the Interest or principal and interest coming due, including the principal amount of any Parity Bonds required to be redeemed prior to maturity pursuant to any mandatory redemption rcquiremen;s, on F the Parity Bonds and any Additional Bonds on the next succeeding Interest payment date. Any moneys so deposited in the Interest and Sinking Fund with respect to a mandatory redemption requirement, together with other lawfully available funds of the City, may be used by the City, to purchase, in advance of a mandatory redemption date and at a price not exceeding the principal amount thereof plus accrued Interest thereon to the date of purchase, Parity Bonds which would be subject to being chosen for mandatory redemption on such mandatory redemption date. The Paying Agent shall cancel any Parity Bonds so purchased. Section 20. RESERVE FUND REQUIREMENTS. There is now on hand in the Reserve Fund an amount of money and Government Obligations which is in excess of $3,000,000 and which is at least equal to the average annual principal and Interest requirements of all Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds to be outstanding immediately after the issuance and delivery of the Initial Bonds hereunder; provided, however, that the Required Reserve Amount shall never be less than $3,000,000 if the maximum annual principal and interest requirements on all outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds exceeds $3,000,000. After the delivery of any future Additional Bonds the City shall cause the Reserve Fund to be Increased, if and to the extent necessary, so that such Fund will contain an amount of money and investments equal to the Required Reserve Amount. Any Increase in the Required Reserve Amount may be funded from Pledged Revenues, or from proceeds from the sale of any Additional Bonds, or any other available source or combination of sources. All or any part of the Required Reserve Amount not funded initially and immediately after the delivery of any installment or issue of Additional Bonds shall be funded, within net more than five years from the dale of such delivery, by deposits of Pledged Revenues in approximately equal monthly installments on or before the 25th day of each month. Principal amounts o, the Parity Bonds and any Additional Bonds which must be redeemed pursuant to any applicable mandatory redemption requirements shall be deemed to be maturing amounts of principal for the purpose of calculating principal and interest requirements on such bonds. When and to long as the amount In the Reserve Fund is not less than the Required Reserve Amount no deposits shall be made to the credit of the Reserve Fund; but when and if the Reserve Fund at any time contains less than the Required Reserve Amount, then the City shall transfer from Pledged Revenues in the Systcm Fund, and deposit to the credit of the Reserve Fund, monthly on or ucfore the 25th day of each month, a sum equal to Wth of the Required Reserve Amount, until the Reserve Fund is restored to the Required Reserve Amount. 35 1 ~I 1110vdaNo ANaneailanl c ~z el, Al The City specifically covenants that when and so long as the Reserve Fund contains the Required Reserve Amount, the City shall cause all amounts in excess of the Required Reserve Amount to be deposited to the credit of the Interest and Sinking Fund. Section2l. EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT FUND REQUIREMENTS. Duringeach year, subject and subordinate to making the required deposits to the credit of the Interest and Sinking Fund and the Reserve Fund, the City shall be required to deposit to the credit of the Extension and Improvement Fund, from Pledged Revenues in the System Fund, an amount equal to 8% of the "Adjusted Gross Revenues of the System", which term is hereby defined to mean the following; r the Gross Revenues of the System for such year after deducting from such Gross Revenues an amount equal to the current expenses of operation and maintenance of the System for such year which are directly attributable to (i) all fuel costs related to the production of electric energy by the City and/or (H) the purchase of electric energy by the City. Additional excess Pledged Revenues may, at the option of the City Council, be deposited to the credit of the Improvement Fund as permitted by Section 22 (b) hereof, but no such additional deposit is required. All investment interest income from the Extension and Improvement Fund shall be retained in and remain a part of such Fund. Section 21 DEFICIENCIES; EXCESS PLEDGED REVENUES. (a) If on any occasion there shall not be sufficient Pledged Revenues to make the required deposits into the Interest and Sinking Fund or the Reserve F~md, such deficiency shall be made up as soon as possible from the next available Pledged Revenues. (b) Subject to making the required deposits to the credit of the various Funds when and as required by this Ordinance or any ordinance authorizing the issuance of Additional Bonds, any surplus Pledged Revenues may be used by the City for any lawful purpose. Section 23. PAYMENT OF PARITY BONDS AND ADDITIONAL BONDS. On or before December 1, 1993, and semiannually on or before each June I and December I thereafter while any of the Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds tre outstanding and unpaid the City shall make available to the Paying Agents therefor, out of the Interest and Sinking Fund, or if necessary, out of the Reserve Fund, money sufficient to pay, on each of such dates, the principal of and Interest on the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds as the same matures and comes due, or to redeem the Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds prior to maturity, either upon mandatory redemption or at the option of the City. At the direction of the City the Paying Agents shall either deliver paid Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds, and any interest coupons appertaining thereto, to the City or destroy all paid Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds, and any coupons appertaining thereto, and furnish the City with an appropriate cenificate of cancellation or destruction. Section 24. FINAL DEPOSITS. (a) Any Parity Bond or Additional Bond shall be deemed to be paid, retired, and no longer outstanding within the meaning of this Ordinance when payment 36 Agenda tent, ) -f~ of the principal of, redemption premium, if any, on such Parity Bond or Additional Bond, plus 'S interest thereon to the due date thereof (whether such due date be by reason of maturity, upon redemption, or otherwise) either (i) shall have been made or caused to be made in accordance with the terms thereof (including the giving of any required notice of redemption or provision for the proper giving of such notice having been made), or (ii) shall have been provided by irrevocably depositing with or making available to a Paying Agent therefor, in trust and irrevocably set aside exclusively for such payment, (1) money sufficient to make such payment or (2) Government Obligations which mature as to principal and interest in such amounts and at such times as will insure the availability, without reinvestment, of sufficient money to make such payrnenl, and all necessary r and proper fees, compensation, and expenses of such Paying Agent pertaining to the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds with respect to which such deposit is made shall have been paid or the payment thereof provided for to the satisfaction of such paying agent. At such time as a Bond or Additional Bond shall be deemed to be paid hereunder, as aforesaid, it shall no longer be secured by or entitled to the benefits of this Ordinance or a lien on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues, and shall be entitled to payment solely from such money or Government Obligations. (b) Any moneys so deposited with a paying agent may at the direction of the City also be invested in Government Obligations, maturing in the amounts and times as hereinbefore set forth, and all income from all Government Obligations in the hands of the paying agent pursuant to this Section which is not required for the payment of the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds, the redemption premium, if any, and interest thereon, with respect to which such money has been so deposited, shall be turned over to the City or deposited as directed by the City. Section 25. ADDITIONAL BONDS. (a) The City shall have the right and power at any time and from time to time, and in one or more series or issuec, to authorize, issue, and deliver additional parity revenue bonds (herein called "Additional Bonds'), In accordance with law, in any amounts, for any lawful purpose, including the refunding of any Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds, or other obligations. Such Additional Bonds, if and when authorized, Issued, and delivered In accordance with this Ordinance, shall be payable from and secured by an irrevocable first lien on and pledge of the Pledged Revenues, equally and ratably on a parity in all respects with the Parity Bonds and any other outstanding Additional Bonds. (b) The principal of all Additional Bonds must be scheduled to be paid or mature on December I of the years In which such principal is scheduled to be paid or mature, Section 26. FURTMER REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONAL BONDS. Additional Bonds shall be issued only in accordance with this Ordinance, and no Installment. Series, or Issue of Additional Bonds shall be Issued or delivered unless: (a) The Mayor of the City and the City Secretary sign a written certificate to the effect that ' the City is not In default as to any covenant, condition, or obligation In connection with all then outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds, and the ordinances authorizing same, and that the Interest and Sinking Fund and the Reserve Fund each contains the amount teen required to be therein. (b) An Independent certified public accountant, or Independent firm of certified public 37 r r a~onalten, 1r accountants, acting by and through a certified public accountant, signs a written certificate to the\ effect that, in his or its opinion, during either the next preceding fiscal year, or any twelve consecutive calendar month period out of the 18-month period immediately preceding the month in which the ordinance authorizing the issuance of the then proposed Additional Bonds is passed, the Pledged Revenues were at least (1) 1.25 times an amount equal to the average annual principal and interest requirements, and (ii) 1.10 times an amount equal to the principal and interest requirements during the fiscal year during which such requirements are scheduled to be the greatest, of all Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds which are scheduled to be outstanding after the delivery of the then proposed Additional Bonds. It is specifically provided, however, that in calculating the amount of Pledged Revenues for the purposes of this subsection (b), if there has been any increase in the rates or charges for services of the System which is then in effect, but which was not in effect during &II or any part of the entire period for which the Pledged Revenues are being calculated (hereinafter referred to as the "entire period") then the certified public accountant, or in lieu of the certified j public accountant a firm of consulting engineers, shall determine and certify the amount of Pledged Revenues as being the total of (i) the actual Pledged Revenues for the entire period, plus (ii) a sum equal to the aggregate amount by which the actual billings to customers of the System during the entire period would have been increased if such increased rates or charges had been in effect during the entire penal. (c) Provision shall be made in the ordinance authorizing their issuance for increasing the Reserve Fund to the Required Reserve Amount as required by Section 20 hereof. (d) All calculations of average annual principal and interest requirements of any bonds made in connection with the issuance of any then proposed Additional Bonds shall be made as of the date of such Additional Bonds; and also in making calculations for such purpose, and for any other purpose under this Ordinance, principal amounts of any bonds which must be redeemed prior to maturity pursuant to any applicable mandatory redemption requirements shall be deemed to be maturing amounts of principal of such bonds. ther covenants and agrees that in accordancetwi h2 and oEthe eent requir d or permitted blaw: (a) E4ibijili . It will faithfully perform at all tines any and all covenants, undertakings, stipulations, and provisions contained In this Ordinance, and each ordinance authorizing the Issuance of Additional Bonds, and in each and every Parity Bond and Additional Bond; that it will promptly pay or cause to be paid he principal of and Interest on every Parity Bond and Additional Bond, on the dates and in the places and manner prescribed In such ordinances and Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds; and that it will, at the times and in the manner prescribed, deposit or cause to be deposited the amounts required to he deposited into the Interest and Sinking Fund and the Reserve Fund; and any holder of the Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds may require the City, its officials, and employees, to carry out, respect, or enforce the covenants and obligations of this Ordinance, or any ordinance authorizing the issuance of Additional Bonds, by all legal and equitable means, including specifically, but without limitation, the use and filing of mandamus proceedings, in any court of competent Jurisdiction, against the City, its officials, and employees, 38 (b) City's Legal Authority. The City is a duly created and existing home rule city of the State of Texas, and is duly authorized under the laws of the State of Texas to create and issue the Parity 7 Bonds and Additional Bonds; that all action on its part for the creation and issuance of the said I obligations has been or will be duly and effectively taken, and that said obligations in the hands of the holden and owners thereof are and will be valid and enforceable special obligations of the City in accordance with their terms. (c) Title. The City has or will obtain lawful title to the lands, buildings, structures, and If facilities constituting the System, that it warrants that it will defend the title to all the aforesaid lands, buildings, structures, and facilities, and every part thereof, for the benefit of the holders and owners of the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds, against the claims and demands of all persons whomsoever, that it is lawfully qualified to pledge the Pledged Revenues to the payment of the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds in the manner prescribed herein, and has lawfully exercised such rights. (d) Liens. The City will from time to time and before the some become delinquent pay and discharge all taxes, assesscnenL%, and govcmmental charges, if any, which shall be lawfully imposed upon it, or the System, that it will pay all lawful claims for rents, royalties, labor, materials, and j supplies which if unpaid might by law become a lien or charge thereon, the lien of which would be prior to or interfere with the liens hereof, so that the prinrity of the liens granted hereunder shall be fully preserved In the manner provided herein, and thr ; it will not create or suffer to be created any mechanic's, laborer's, materialman's, or other lien or charge which might or could be prior to the liens hereof, or do or suffer any matter or thing whereby the liens hereof might or could be impaired; provided, however, that no such tax, assessment, or charge, and that no such claims which might be used as the basis of a mechanic's, laborer's, materialman's, or other lien or charge, shall be required to be paid so long as the validity of the same shall be contested in good faith by the City, (e) Qpgration of Sytem: No Free Service. While the Parity Bonds or any Additional Bonds are outstanding and unpaid the City shall continuously and efficiently operate the System, and shall maintain the System in good condition, repair, and working order, all at reasonable cost. No free service of the System shall be allowed, and should the City or any of Its agencies, Instrumentalities, lessors, or concessionaires make use of the services and facilities of the System, payment monthly of the standard retail price of the services provided shall be made by the City or any of its agencies, instrumentalities, lessors, or concessionaires out of funds from sources other than the revenues of the System, unless made from surplus Pledged Revenues as permitted by Section 22(b) hereof, (f) Further Encumbrance. While the Parity Bonds or any Additional Bonds are outstanding and unpaid, the City shall not additionally encumber the Pledged Revenues In any manner, except as permitted in this Ordinance in connection with Additional Bonds, unless said encumbrance is made junior and subordinate in all respects to the liens, pledges, covenants, and agreements of this Ordinance and any ordinance authorizing the issuance of Additional Bonds; but the right of the City , to Issue revenue bonds payable from a subordinate lien on surplus Pledged Revenues is specifically recognized and retained, as permitted under Section 22(b) hereol). (g) Sale or Dispool of Prop. While the Parity Bonds or any Additional Bonds are outstanding and unpaid, the City shall not sell, convey, mortgage, encumber, lease, or in any manner transfer title to, or dedicate to other use, or otherwise dispose of, the System, or any significant or 39 substantial part thereof, provided that whenever the City deems it necessary to dispose of any property, machinery, fixtures, or equipment, or dedicate such property to other use, it may do so either when it has made arrangements to replace the same or provide substitutes therefor, or it is determined by resolution of the City Council that no such replacement or substitute is necessary. (h) su anc . (1) The City shall cause to be insured such parts of the System as would usually be insured by corporations operating like properties, with a responsible insurance company or companies, against risks, accidents, or casualties against which and to the extent insurance is usually carried by corporations operating like properties, including, to the extent reasonably obtainable, fire and extended coverage Insurance, insurance against damage by floods, and use and occupancy insurance. Public liability and property damage insurance also shall be carried unless the City Attorney gives a written opinion to the effect that the City is not liable for claims which would be protected by such insurance. All insurance premiums shall be paid as an expense of operation of the System. At any time while any contractor engaged in construction work shall be fully responsible therefor, the City shall not be required to carry insurance on the work being constructed if the contractor is required to carry appropriate insurance. All such policies shall be open to the inspection of the Bondholders and their representatives at all reasonable times. Upon the happening of any loss or damage covered by insurance from one or more of said causes, the City shall make due proof of loss and shall do all things necessary or desirable to cause the insuring companies to make payment in full directly to the City. The proceeds of insurance covering such property, together with any other funds necessary and available for such purpose, shall be used forthwith by the City for repairing the property damaged or replacing the property destroyed, provided, however, that if said insurance proceeds and other funds are insufficient for such purpose, then said insurance proceeds pertaining to the System shall be deposited in a special and separate trust fund, at an official depository of the City, to be designated the Insurance Account. The Insurance Account shall be held until such time as other funds become available which, together with the Insurance Account, will be sufficient to snake the repairs or replacements originally required. (2) The annual audit hereinafter required may contain a section commenting on whether or not the City has complied with the requirements of this Section with respect to the maintenance of Insurance, and shall state whether or not all insurance premiums upon the insurance policies to which reference is made have been paid. I (i) Annual Budget and Rate Covenant. The City shall prepare, prior to the beginning of each fiscal year, an annual budget, In accordance with law, reflecting an estimate of cash teceipts and disbursements for the ensuing fiscal year in sufficient detail to indicate the probable Gross Revenues and Pledged Revenues for such fiscal year. The City shall fu, establish, maintain, and collect, such rates, charges, and fees for the use and availability of the System at all times as are necessary (1) to produce Gross Revenues sufficient, together with any other Pledged Revenues, to pay all current operation and maintenance expenses of the System, and (2) to produce an amount of Pledged Revenues during each fiscal year at least equal to the greater of 1.23 times the average annual principal and interest requirements of all then outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds or 1.25 times the succeeding fiscal year's principal and Interest requirements of all then outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds. 40 i 0ei'daNo c_ +gendaitem~5.._~ f Q) Records. The City shall keep proper books of record and account in which full, true, prcp-,r, and correct entries will be made of all dealings, activities, and transactions relating to the 1 System, the Pledged Revenues, and the Funds created pursuant to this Ordinance, and all books, documents, and vouchers relating thereto shall at all reasonable times be made available for inspection upon request of any Bondholder or citizen of the City. To the extent consistent with the provisions of this Ordinance, the City shall keep its books and records in a manner conforming to standard accounting practices as usually would be followed by private corporations owning and operating a similar System, with appropriate recognition being given to essential differences between ; municipal and corporate accounting practices. (k) u i . After the close of each fiscal year while any of the Parity Bonds or any Additional Bonds are outstanding, an audit will be made of the books and accounts relating to the System and the Pledged Revenues by an independent certified public accountant or an independent firm of certified public accountants. As soon as practicable after the close of each such year, and when said audit has been completed and made available to the City, a copy of such audit for the preceding year shall be mailed to the Municipal Advisory Council of Texas, to each paying agent for any bonds payable from Pledged Revenues, and to any Bondholders who shall so request in writing. The annual audit reports shall be open to the inspection of the Bondholders and their agents and representatives at all reasonable times. (1) Governmental Agencies. It will comply with all of the terms and conditions of any and all franchises, permits, and authorizations applicable to or necessary with respect to the System, and which have been obtained from any governmental agency; and the City has or will obtain and keep in full force and effect all franchises, permits, authorization, and other requirements applicable to or necessary with respect to the acquisition, construction, equipment, operation, and maintenance of the System. (m) No r&m tition. It will not operate, or grant any frarchise or, to the extent it legally may, permit the acquisition, construction, or operation of, any facilities which would be in competition with the System, and to the extent that it legally may, the City will prohibit any such competing facili• ties. (n) No Arbi race. The City covenants to and with the purchasers of the Parity Bonds and any Additional Bonds that no use will be made of the proceeds of any of such bonds at any time throughout the term of any of such bonds which, if such use had been reasonably expected on the date of delivery of any of such bonds to and payment therefor by the purchasers, would have caused any of such bonds to be arbitrage bonds within the meaning of Section 103(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code of 19K or any regulations or rulings per- taining thereto; and by this covenant the City is obligated to comply with the requirements of the aforesaid Codes and all appheable and pertinent Department of the Treasury regulations relating to , arbitrage bonds. The City further covenants that the proceeds of all such bonds will not otherwise be used directly of indirectly so as to cause all or any part of such bonds to be or become arbitrage bonds within the meaning of the aforesaid Codes, or any regulations pertaining thereto. Section 29 AMENDMENT OF ORDINANCE. (a) The holders orowners of Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds aggregating In principal amount 51% of the aggregate principal amount of then 41 it i ~~,noalJO n~egCa'len~1,~.._' F3 S' outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds shall have the right from time to time to approve any amendment to this Ordinance which may be deemed necessary or desirable by the City, provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall permit or be construed to permit the amendment of the terms and conditions in this Ordinance or in the Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds so as to: (1) Make any change in the maturity of the outstanding Parity Bonds or Additional "y Bonds; (2) Reduce the rate of interest borne by any of the outstanding Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds; r (3) Reduce the amount of the principal payable on the outstanding Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds; it (4) Modify the terms of payment of principal of or interest on the outstanding Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds, or impose any conditions with respect to such payment; (5) Affect the rights of the holders or owners of less than all of the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds then outstanding; (6) Change the minimum percentage of the principal amount of Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds n• :essary for consent to such amendment. (b) If at any time the City shall desire to amend the Ordinance under this Section, the City shall cause notice of the proposed amendment to be published in a financial publication of general circulation In The City of New York, New York, once during each calendar week for at least two successive calendar weeks. Such notice shall briefly set forth the nature of the proposed amendment and shall state that a copy thereof is on file at the principal office of the Paying Agents for inspection by all holden or owners of Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds, Such publication is not required, however, if notice in writing is given to each holder or owner of Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds. (c) Whenever at any time not {GS than thirty days, and within ore year, from the date of the first publication of said notice or other service of written notice the City shall receive an instrument or instruments executed by the holders or owners of at least 51% In aggregate principal amount of all Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds then outstanding, which Instrument or instruments shall refer to the proposed amendment described In sold notice and which specifically consent to and approve such amendment In substantially the form of the copy thereof on file with the Paying Agents, the City Council may pass the amendatory ordinance In substantially the same form. (d) Upon the passage of any amendatory ordinance pursuant to the prov3slons of this Section, this Ordinance shall be deemed to be amended in accordance with such amendatory ordinance, and the respective rights, duties, and obligations under this Ordinance of the City, and all the holders or owners of then outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds and all future Parity Bonds and 42 Additional Bonds shall thereafter be determined, exercised, and enforced hereunder, subject in all respects to such amendments. (e) Any consent given by the holder nr owner of a Parity Bond or Additional Bond pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall be in•evocable for a period of six months from the date of the first publication of the notice provided for in this Section, and shall be conclusive and binding upon all future holders or owners of the same Parity Bond or Additional Bond during such period. Such consent may be revoked at any time after six months from the date of the first publication of such notice by the holder or owner who gave such consent, or by a successor in title, by filing notice thereof with the paying agents and the City, but such revocation shall not be effective if the holders or owners of 51% in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Parity Bonds and Additional i Bonds as in this Section defined have, prior to the attempted revocation, consented to, and approved the amendment. For the the fact of the holding of Parity Bonds or Additional (i) purpose of this Section, Bonds which are in bearer, coupon form, by any bondholder and the amount and numbers of such bearer Parity Bonds or Additional Bonds and the date of their holding same, may be proved by the affidavit of the person claiming to be such holder or owner, or by a certificate executed by any trust company, bank, banker, or any other depository wherever situated showing that at the date therein mentioned such person had on deposit with such trust company, bank, banker, or other depository, the Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds described In such certificate. The City may conclusively assume that such ownership continues until written notice to the contrary is served upon the City. The ownership of all registered Parity Bonds and Additional Bonds shall be determined from the registration books kept by the registrar therefor. Section 29. DAMAGED, MUTILATED, LOST, STOLEN, OR DESTROYED BONDS. (a) replacement Bonds. In the event any outstanding Bond is damaged, mutilated, lost stolen, or destroyed, the Paying Agent/Registrar shall cause to be printed, executed, and delivered, a new bond of the same principal amount, maturity, and interest rate, as the damaged, mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed Bond, In replacement for such Bond in the manner hereinafter provided. (b) Application for Replacement Bonds. Application for replacement of damaged, mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed Bonds shall be made by the registered owner thereof to the Paying Agent/Regutrar. In every case of kw, theft, or destruction of a Bond, the registered owner applying for a replacement bond shall furnish to the Issuer and to the Paying Agent/Registrar such security or Indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless from any loss or damage with respect thereto. Also, In every case of loss, theft, or destruction of a Bond, the registered owner shall fumish to the Issuer and to the Paying Agent/Registrar evidence to their satisfaction of the loss, theft, or destruction of such Bond, as the case may be. In every case of damage or mutilation of a Bond, the registered owner shall surrender to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation the Bond so damaged or mutilated (c) No Default Occurred. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, in the event any such Bond shall have matured, and no default has occurred which is then continuing in the payment of the principal of, redemption premium, if any, or interest on the Bond, the issuer may authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except In the case of a damaged or 43 i I ` mutilated Bond) instead of issuing a replacement Bond, provided security or indemnity is furnished as above provided in this Section. (d) Charge for Issuing Replacement Bonds. Prior to the issuance of any replacement bond, the Paying Agent/Registrar shall charge the register owner of such Bond with all legal, printing, and other expenses in connection therewith. Every replacement bond issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact 14at any Bond is lost, stolen, or destroyed shall constitute a cortractual obligation of the Issuer whether or not the lost, stolen, or destroyed Bond shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Ordinance equally and proportionately with any and all other Bonds duly issued under this Ordinance. (e) Authority lot-Issuing Lteplocement Banc In accordance with Section 6 of Vernon's Ann. Tex. Civ. Si. Art. 717kA this Section of this Ordinance shall constitute authority for the issuance of any such replacement bond without necessity of further action by the governing body of the Issuer or any other body or person, and the duty of the replacement of such bonds is hereby authorized and imposed upon the Paying Agent/Registrar, and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall authenticate and deliver such Bonds in the form and wanner and with the effect, as provided in Section 6(d) of this Ordinance for Bonds issued In conversion and exchange for other Bonds. Section 30. COVENANTS REGARDING TAX•EXEMMON. The Issuer covenants to refrain from any action which would adversely affect, and to lake such action to ensure, the treatment of the Series 1993A Bonds as obligations described in section 103 of the Code, the interest on which is not Includable in the "gross income" of the holder for purposes of federal income taxation. In furtherance thereof, the Issuer covenants as follows: (a) to lake any action to assure that no more than 10 percent of the proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds (less amounts deposited to a reserve fund, if any) are used for any "private business use', as defined in section 141(b)(6) of the Code or, if more than 10 percent of the proceeds are so used, that amounts, whether or not received by the Issuer, with respect to such private business use, do not, under the terms of this Ordinance or any underlying arrangement, directly or indirectly, secure or provide for the payment of more than 10 percent of the debt service on the Series 1993A Bonds, In contravention of section 141(b)(2) of the Code; (b) to take any action to assure that In the event that the 'private business use'descdbed in subsection (a) hereof exceeds S percent of the proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds (less amounts deposited into a reserve fund, if any) then the amount in excess of S percent Is used for a "private business rue' which Is "related" and not 'disproportionate', within the meaning of section 141(b)(3) of the Code, to the governmental rue; $5,000,0(00), or 5 to take percent of thetpr to oceeds ofethe that no Series 1993A amount Bowhich Is nds (less amounts deposit than the lesser of reserve fund, if any) Is directl - or indirectly used to finance loans to persons, other than state or local governmental units, In contravention of section 141(c) of the Code; 44 c (d) to refrain from taking any action which would otherwise result in the Series 1993A Bonds being treated as "private activity bonds" within the meaning of section 141(b) of the Code; (e) to refrain from taking any action that would result in the Series 1993A Bonds being "federally guaranteed" within the meaning of section 149(b) of the Code; (f) to refrain from using any portion of the proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds, directly or indirectly, to acquire or to replace funds which were used, directly or indirectly, to acquire investment property (as defined in section 148(b)(2) of the Cade) which produces a materially higher yield over the term of the Series 1993A Bonds, other than investment property acquired with (1) proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds invested for a reasonable temporary period of 3 years or less until such proceeds are needed for the purpose for which the Series 1993A Bonds are issued, (2) amounts invested in a bona fide debt service fund, within the meaning of section 1.103.13(b)(12) of the Treasury Regulations, and (3) amounts deposited in any reasonably required reserve or replacement fund to the extent such amounts do not exceed 10 percent of the proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds; (g) to otherwise restrict the use of the proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds or amounts treated as proceeds of the Series 1993A Bonds, as may be necessary, so that the Series 1993A Bonds do not otherwise contravene the requirements of section 148 of the Code (relating to arbitrage) and, to the extent applicable, section 149(d) of the Code (relating to advance refundings); (h) to pay to the United States of America at least once during each five-year period (beginning on the date of delivery of the Series 1993A Bonds) an amount that is at least equal to 90 percent of the "Excess Earnings', within the meaning of section 148(0 of the Code and to pay to the United States of America, not later that 60 days after the Series 1993A Bonds have been paid in full, 100 percent of the amount then required to be paid as a result of Excess Earnings under section 148(1) of the Code; and (i) to maintain such records as will enable the Issuer to fulfill its responsibilities under this section and section 148 of the Code and to retain such records for at least six years following the final payment of principal and Im-rest on the Series 1993A Bonds. It b the understanding of the Issuer that the covenants contained herein are Intended to assure compliance with the Cade and any regulations or rulings promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury pursuant thereto. In the event that regulations or rulings are hereafter promulgated which modify, or expand provisions of the Cade, as applicable to the Series 1993A Bonds, the Issuer will not be required to cemply with any covenant contained herein to the extent that such failure to comply, In the opinion of nationally-recognized bond counsel, will not adversely affect the exemption from federal Income taxation of interest on the Series 1993A Bonds under section 103 of the Code. In the event that regulations or rulings are hereafter promulgated which Impose additional 45 { ~I r requirements which are applicable to the Series 1993A Bonds, the Issuer agrees to com If ~ wit [he additional requirements to the extent necessary, in the opinion of natiorallyrecognized bond counsel, to preserve the exemption from federal income taxation of interest on the Series 1993A Bonds under section 103 of the Code. Section 31. CUSTODY, APPROVAL,, AND REGISTRATION OF BONDS; BOND COUN'SEL'S OPINION, CUSIP NUMBERS, PREAMBLE, AND INSURANCE. The Mayor of the Issuer is hereby authorized to have control of the Initial Bonds issued hereunder and all necessary records and proceedings pertaining to the Initial Bonds pending their delivery and their investigation, examination, and approval by the Attorney General of the State of Texas, and their registration by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. Upon registration of the Initial Bonds said Comptroller of Public Accounts (or a deputy designated in writing to act for said Comptroller) shall manually sign the Comptroller's Registration Certificate on the Initial Bonds, and the seal of said Comptroller shall be impressed, or placed in facsimile, on the Initial Bonds. The approving legal opinion of the Issuer's Bond Counsel and the assigned CUSIP numbers may, at the option of the Issuer, be printed on the Initial Bonds or on any Bonds issued and delivered in conversion of and exchange or replacement of any Bonds, but neither shall have any legal effect, and shall be solely for the convenience and information of the registered owners of the Bonds. The preamble to this Ordinance Is hereby adopted and made a part hereof for all purposes. If insurance is obtained on any of the Bonds, the Initial Bonds and all other Bonds shall bear an appropriate legend concer;,ing Insurance as provided by the insurer. Section 32 SALE OF INITIAL BONDS. The Initial Bonds are hereby sold and shall be delivered to , as representative of the underwriters, In accordance with the Bond Purchase Contract dated the date of this meeting and presented to the City Council of the City at this meeting. The Mayor of the Issuer is authorized and directed to execute, on behalf of the Issuer, said Bond Purchase Contract in the form and substance submitted at this meeting. Section 33. OFFICIAL STATEMENT. An Official Statement dated as of the date of this meeting has been prepared In connection with the sale of the Initial Bonds and the Bonds, In the form and substance submitted at this meeting. Said Official Statement and any supplement or addenda thereto have been and are hereby approved, and their use In the offer and sale of the Bonds is hereby approved. It Is further officially found, determined, and declared that the statements and representations contained In said Official Statement are true and correct in all material respects, to the best knowledge and belief of the Issuer. The distribution and use of the Preliminary Official Statement dated May 23, 1993, prior to the date hereof Is hereby ratified and approved. Section 34. REFUNDING OF OUTSTANDING BONDS. That concurrently with the delivery of the Initial Bonds the Issuer shall deposit an amount from the proceeds from the sale of , the Initial Bonds, with as Escrow Agent, sufficient, together with other available amounts, to refund all of the Outstanding Bonds In accordance with Section 7A of Vernon's Ann. Tet, Civ. St. Article 717k, as amended. The Issuer hereby authorizes the execution of the Escrow Agreement dated as of June 1, 1993 between the Escrow Agent and the Issuer. The Mayor of the Issuer Is authorized and directed to execute, on behalf of the Issuer, said Escrow Agreement In the form and substance presented to this meeting. It Is hereby found and determined that the refunding of the Outstanding Bonds is advisable and necessary in order to restructure the 46 q rii i t debt service requirements and procedures of the Issuer, and that the debt service requiremer.f S ort the Bonds will be less than those on the Outstanding Bonds, resulting in a reduction in the a*) Otmt of principal and interest which otherwise would be payable both on an actual and a pres:nt Sala; basis. Se that no physical distribution of the ction 33. DTC REGISTRATION. The Bonds initially shall be issued and delivered in such Trust Company ("DTC), New York, New York. init ally will act as depository for he Bond,. DTC has represented that it is a limited purpose trust company incorporaLd under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a'clearing corporation" within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a "clearing agency" registered under Section 17A of the federal Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Issuer accepts, but in no way verifies, such representations. The Initial Bonds authorized by this Ordinance shall be delivered to and registered in the name of the Purchaser. However, it is a condition of delivery and sale that the Purchaser, immediately after such delivery, shall cause the Paying in this Ordinance, to cancel said Initial Bonds and deliver In echange therefor a substitute Bondf of the same Series for each maturity of such Initial Bond, with each such substitute Bond to be regis- te Agent/Registrar red In the name of CEDE & CO., the nomine. of DTC, and it shall be the duty of the Paying Purchaser and/or the DTC Participants, as de~frnd and adescribd in tthe Othe fficial Statement referred to and approved in Section 14 hereof (the "DTC Participants'). Section 36. FURTHER PROCEDURES. The Mayor of the Issuer, the City Secretary, and all other officers, employees, and agents of the Issuer, and each of them, shall be and they are hereby expressly authorized, empowered, and directed from time to time and at any time to do and perform all such acts and things and to execute, acknowledge, and deliver In the name and under the corporate seal and on behalf of the Issuer all such Instruments, whether or not herein mentioned, as may be necessary or desirable In order to carry out the terms and provisions of this Bond Ordinance, the Bonds, the sale of the Bonds, the Bond Purchase Agreement, the Escrow Agreement and the Official Statement, and the Director of Finance of the City shall cause the expenses of issuance of the Bonds to be paid from the proceeds of sale of the Initial Bonds. In cote any officer whose signature shall appear on any Bond shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such Bond, such signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if such officer had remained In office until such delivery. t 47 J+ +14 Ali..... CITYI . NCH .I#C~U 1 +,2..tire i . r.I+4 f F a.-i 1 I 3' 1 li y I I I { ~0'Q L f l Nf 4 f d i '11MM III t7tts 'I 1:7 t-t ro~►d~~o._ 9-3-0,x. CITY OI DEWON, TEXAS MUNICIPAL BUILDING / 215E MCKINNEY / DENTON, TEXAS 76201 MEMORANDUM r DATE, June 4, 1993 TO: The Honorable Mayor and Members of City Council FROM. Kathy DuBose, Director of Accounting 6 Budget Operations SUBJECT: FIXED ASSET INVENTORY We have received four (4) proposals in response to our "Request for Proposal" for a Fixed Asset Inventory. The RFP includes a physical inventory of assets alued $300 and greater, bar code tagging of all assets, appraisal and valuation of assets for which no current value exists, identification of assets that are obsolete or that , have exceeded their economic useful life, a personal computer based fixed asset information tracking and reporting system and two (2) bar code readers for inventory purposes. We have interviewed all four (4) proposers and have listed below their respective proposed charges: Valuation Resources Management, Inc. $ 32,750 American Appraisal Associate& $ 760975 Industrial Appraisal Company $120,100 R. W. Beck & Associates with Deloitte & Touche $9850000 (Attached are copies of the listing of component cost by firm.) Cost of the inventory will be shared based on percentage of fixed assets (i.e., General Fund 31.651, Electric Fund 31.641, Water Fund 15.911, Wastewater Fund 14.381, Sanitation Fund .921, Working Capital Fund .251, and Motor Pool Fund 5.251). We will make a recommendation at the June 15, 1993 Council meeting. If you need further information, please advise. Mat ArFOO639 8171566.8200 D/FW METRO 434.2529 I 1 VALUATION RESOURCES MAMA C MENT Purchasing Agent Wndl140 City of Denton April 30, 1993 4gendal Page 12 ~~ttr < r V1. compensation The following breakdown represents a breakdown of our fee on a hourly basis I~ Rate Hours Extended i Project Manager $80 60 $ 4,800 I i Senior Appraisers $75 116 $ 8,700 Staff Appraisers $65 130 $ 8,450 j Support Staff $20 40 $ 800 Sub total $220750 Hardware Fixed Asset. Control Tacking System $ 950 Software Package Personal Computer and Printer Per $ 20500 Specifications Bar Code scanning Equipment consisting $ 2,500 of two (2) Percon Model Pocket Reader Data Collection Units Asset Tag Printer by SATO, model M-3200 $ 1,250 Training session on Fixed Asset Control $ 750 Tracking System Software Hardware Sub-total $ 7,750 Hourly Rate total $22.750 Sub-total $30,700 Expenses S 2.050 Total $32,750 ,~Rn NMdaNo 1 Date, Adwitrial dpprabal Lpvmpany HOME OFFICE 412 471 2eee 1 EOo 245 2718 222 BOULEYIRO OF THE ALLIER F.1 412 ~ 17M SAL9$ P1TTSMURGN, PENNSYLV..Ni. 19222 F.a ni m EM. Aow.N-aAA110% May 5, 1993 r I` Tom D. Shaw, C.P.M. Purchasing Agent City of Denton 901-D Texas Street Denton, Texas 76201 Dear Mr. Shaw: We are pleased to submit our response to the City c,f Denton's request for a sealed proposal for a Fixed Asset Inventory of the City's property. It is our understanding that the City desires a physical inspection, inventory, and valuation of its buildings and structures, and specific categories of other assets, but not limited to office furniture and equipment, and laboratory and test equipment. Land valuations will be included in the report provided these are furnished by the City. Bar code identification tags will be prepared and affixed to each asset item having a cutoff threshold as determined by the City. Assets which d) not lend themselves to tagging, [such as draperies, firearms, etc.) will receive a tag number, but no tag will be affixed. obsolete assets, and assets which have exceeded their economic useful life will also be appraised and tagged and will be reported separately. If the Industrial Appraisal Company is the successful bidder, the delivery date of the report will be on or before September 30, 1993. FEE_BRVAXNWH A. Physical Inventory $77,510.00 plus tagging Tagging of assets $100.00 and above $21,750.00 Tagging of assets $300.00 and above $17,400.00 Tagging of assets $500.00 and above $ 80700.00 Tagging of assets $2,000.00 and above $ 60525.00 i 1 e4endoNo c f`~(,, ~ , Agenda;t 1 r ! Tom D. Shaw, C.p.W. City of Denton Denton, Texas Page Two - continued B. Fixed Asset System Printware Scanner $ 3,450.00 Printer $ 4,000.00 Training $ 3,040.00 I-2 725 00 TOTAL $13,215.00 C. Computer and Printer $ 4,625,00 D. Creation of Data Base $ 3,000.06 E. Included in "A" above TOTAL $120, The person signing this letter has been nayymed by the Board as an authorityofficer binding Contracte for Compan , and as th is companyeuch, has the Sincerely, INDUSTRIAL APPRAISAL COMPANY U.J. Moorhead Vice President UJM/drh ~ 1 ~ Agenda Item American A pra+saf Associates Me. Kathy DuBose 16 9( 11 May 3, 19993 ~ build your own data files and these files can be linked to any existing data files. Literature describing the features of the system is included with this proposal. Three days of on-site training is included as part of our proposal and a toll free 800 number is available to answer any questions and assist in the installation process. There is no maximum usage limit on the toll free assistance. IX. TIMING AND D$ Ay i j Based on our current commitments, we would anticipate delivery of ? our final reports within 120 days after authorization. The following outlines the possible timing of our effort: Authorization June Planning Meeting 1, 1993 Field Inventory June 7, 1993 Office Pricing June i4, 1993 { Office Processing and Review September 1, 1993 Report Delivery September 15, 1993 Because of our size, we have the resources and flexibility adjust our schedule to best suit the requirements of the city. If the above schedule needs to be altered, we will work with you to arrive at a mutually convenient schedule. Y. un ANa PAYMENT We estimate our fees for this engagement to be as follows: Fixed Asset Appraisal including tagging 554, 000. $56,000 SATO Model 8450 label printer including tag stock $ 5,700 ASTDX2-50 PC Sony VGA monitor, and Panasonic 2624 printer $ 4,000 Bar code Readers (2) $ 6,200 PC based Fixed Asset System Fixed Asset System Only IDOL IV Ad-hoc report program $ 10500 3 Days on-site training $ 800 $ 2,275 Annual Trend Factors (Optional) $ 500 Copy of Master file on computer tape No Charge R.W. BECK with Deloitte & Touche Sectimi IV COINIPENSATION AQ"d! No - Agepdatere `77- G1db r COMPENSATION For services furnished, the Client shall pay Beck a total amount of $985,000. Payment shall be made by the Client upon submission of monthly invoices which estimate the proportion of the work completed. I System and System Related Activities Activity Cost General CPR System with Modifications I'I $ 42,900 Intelligent Bar Code Sub-system + 22 800 Cycle Audit Sub-systems 29,500 File Transfer Routines * 4,800 Technical Training 10,400 System Delivery and Setup * 4,200 Operations Assistance 10,600 User Training 26,600 User and Technical Documentation 321800 Hardware and Third-pazty Software 23,500 ' Post Delivery On-site and Phone Support 7,900 Subtotal $217,000 M-rhfied for each or the diree CPA tyatem requormenb items which may he optionally performed by the client. or may he omitted 22MrW City of Denton, Texas 1V•1 R.W. BECK with DELO[1TE & TOUCHE Section IV COMPENSATION f , Agenda No 1 Agenda lte~CS,_.~.~1 Valuation and Inventory Activities I Activity Cost Initial Planning and Review Sessions 5 16,400 I Establish Carry-forward Data Retention 121 s 29,600 Policies and Procedures • 43r2 r 00 r Physical Inventory, Generate Bar Code and Tag Assests t'1 Including/and Review 458,300 Prepare Preliminary Reports 27,000 Adjust for Carry-forward Items to 9/30/93 Inventory As-of-date • 56,200 QA//QC Review, Re-checks, Problem Resolution 391400 Third-party Review • Preliminary 19,300 Prepare Final Reports 22,400 Prepare Data for Loading in CPR _ 7,500 Balance 10 Reports 18,900 Third-Party Review • Final 7,800 Final Report • Close-out Report 17,000 Subtotal S 768,000 Total Estimated Project Cost 5 985,000 t t't Includnpna~teerin ii carryforwardprrKr11ingprocedures These cuss an be hrweted if the city were tat provide suppotn staff for Wield inventory and tagging operations e Items which may he optionally performed by client The total estimated hours for this project is 10,368. Including all expenses our average overall labor rate Is $95,00, v r91r,:n City of Denton, Texas IV-2 y I Del of rte B Touche - c f Report to Management for the 1Bn4b96 Year Ended September 30, 1992 ueno~ tg/ni.~rt ctr _ __L l jt Fixed Assets Inventory I Observation: Ilse City has performed periodic physical inventories of feed assets purchased with federal funds. However, a complete physical inventory has not been pedormed in many years for all City fined . Recommendation: Perform a complete City-wide fixed asset physical inventory to ensure that fixed assets continue to be accurately reflected In the financial statements. Periodic physical inventories establish additional control over the City's fixed assets end can assist In evaluating the City's insurance I I Wads. DATA PROCESSING Observation: The Data Processing Department has undertaken several major projects during the year Including the implementation of an upgrade to the Customer Information System. Most projects have been delayed due to etaff resources being diverted to spend significant time and effort supporting the City's personal computer ("PC") install base. As a result, the service level to user departments relying on mainframe applications Is negatively Impacted as the latest releases and/or enhancements are not implemented in a timely manner. Recommendation: Review the staffing level and resource allocation methodology utilized by the Data Processing Department. Based on the results of this review, consider organizational staffing, and/or procedural changes which Hill provide for efficient and effective service delivery to both mainframe and PC users. l Observation: The City's PC-based data processing is continually expanding and becoming a widely utilized management tool in most departments. However, the formal policies that have been established to govem the PC data processing operations and use have not kept pace with this growth. Recommendation: Consider enhancing the existing policies and procedures related to PC-based data process g, This should Include establishing a software library consisting of licensed software to be used on the City's computers. The use of unauthorized software could result In legal liability for the City and could expose vital information to the risk of a computer virus. With respect to any policy that is developed for software use, consider issuing a letter annually with the policy attached to all appropriate City personnel and request that each individual confirm that they understand the policy and are in 4 compliance. Illh I •3• i AG90aNo Avndal►em_(-4-_'`-~ r , 2 0 7 CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL MINUTES January 19, 1993 The Council convened into the Work Session at 5:15 p.m. in the Civil Defense Room. PRESENT: Mayor Castleberry; Mayor Pro Tem Hopkins; Council Members Brock, Chew, Perry, Smith and Miller. ABSENT= None 1. The Council convened into the Executive Session to discuss legal matters, real estate and personnel/board appointments (considered an appointment to the Historic Landmark commission). 2. The Council received a report and held a discussion regarding E the City's audit for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992. I ' Craig Milacek, Deloitte & Touche, stated that the audit was done in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The standards required that they plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the general purpose financial statements were free of material misstatement. It was their opinion that the general purpose financial statement presented fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the City as of September 30, 1992. A single audit report was performed to determine if the City was in compliance with certain previsions of laws, regulations, contracts and grants. There were no instances of non-compliance in the City regarding this area. The firm had provided a management letter which contained recommendations and observations for the City. There were no itgms which were material weaknesses during the year. John McGrane, Executive Director for Finance, detailed the Report of Management for 1992. Part of last year's management letter suggested the creation of an internal audit position. During the last budget process, that position had been created. The following included some of the recommendations from the management letter and staffs responsoef (1) Grant Administrations/grant coordinator - the City had decentralized the grant procurement process which had worked well in the past. Each department dealt with its own grants which was adequate when the City was dealing with a smell amount of dollars. The amount and number of g►-ants the City now dealt with had increased. The auditors suggested centralizing the grant process and coordinating it under one department. Staff agreed that the growth in grant awards to the City, coupled with the anticipated changes in federal policies which might increase grant availability, suggested the implementation of a formal centralized grant process might be required. Staff would analyze the feasibility of reassigning grant responsibilities to existing staff or establishing a new position duriti,; the next budget process. (2) Monitoring of subrecipients - the auditors had noted that there were no formal procedures established to ensure that subrecipients complied with the Single Audit requirements should funding exceed AQrda No 2 0 8 AQerdailari f;, City of Denton City Council Minutes January 190 1993 Page 2 $25,000. With the SPAN grant and some areas of the CDBG grants, this might become a possibility. Staff would review the feasibility of centralizing the monitoring function in conjunction with the Grant Coordinator/Administrator duties. (3) Accounting procedures - year-end procedures. The auditors suggested making annual recurring journal entries, a listing of all funds, annual reconciliations, and a sign off for each individual responsible for the above to indicate completion. Staff had suggested a meeting with the auditor prior to closing of year end with a single contact person with the auditors. (4) Fixed Asset Inventory - this was a reoccurring comment in the management letter. An annual audit was done for federal grants but it was not done for the rest of the City. Staff agreed with the recommendation that a complete City- wide fixed asset physical inventory and valuation should be done. Because of fiscal constraints, past budget packages had not been funded. Another package would be presented during the 1992-93 annual budget process. The inventory would cost approximately $60,000 to perform. This would be especially important to do with the building remodeling which was due to start in the near future. Mayor Castleberry asked if the inventory could be done in-house. McGrane replied that it would be a tremendous undertaking to do in- house. It could be done in-house if there were a high dollar limit placed on what was inventoried. Mayor Pro Tsm Hopkins felt an inventory needed to be done professionally because of all the technical equipment the City had. She suggested starting with a professional and then update with in- house personnel. McGrane stated that the dollar amount would not include tagging all of the items. Council Member Miller asked if a random inventory were ever done. McGrane replied that it was done in Purchasing but not in fixed assets. Council Member Chew suggested proceeding with the inventory before starting tho remodeling of the City buildings. Consensus of the council was to look into the possibilities of doing the inventory soon and not wait until the budget process. McGrane continued with the responses to the Management Letter - (5) Data Processing - the auditors suggested reviewing the staffing level and resource allocation methodology utilized by the Data 4• agenda No _Q=:.~:::~ 2 0 9 end item ` City of Denton City Council Minutes Ekte ~1 January 19, 1993 /~caf Page 3 Processing Department. Staff agreed with the recommendation and a review would be done and a budget package presented in the 1993-94 budget process. (6) utilization of PC's - the auditors suggested establishing formal policies to govern the PC data processing operations and use. Staff would review existing policies and procedures in order to incorporate that recommendation. Kathy DuBose, Director of Accounting and Budget Operations, presented overheads which detailed the statistical section of the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. 3. The Council held a discussion and gave staff direction regarding the formation of a committee to meet with the County commissioners regarding library and EMS funding. City Manager Harrell stated that per Council direction, he had had a meeting with Judge Moseley regarding County funding for the library and EMS. The Judge was receptive for the formation of a committee and would be willing to meet with the Council. He would include Commissioners Wilson and Hill as they had representation with Denton and some staff members. The meetings would begin prior to the City's budgeting process. Mayor Castleberry stated that the Council would need to decide who would be a member of the committee to meet with the Judge. Council Member Smith suggested the Mayor, Mayor Pro Tom Hopkins, Council Member Perry and the City Manager. The Council convened into the Regular session at 7t00 p.m. in the Council Chambers. PRESENTt Mayor Castleberry) Mayor Pro Tom Hopkins; Council Members Brockt Chew, Perry, Smith and Miller. ABSENTt None it Pledge of Allegiance The Council and members of the audience recited the Pledge of Allegiance. 2, The Council considered approval of the minutes of the Regular Session of December 15, 1992. i j C ITY=-= 1 COUNCI. i ° P ° • .o p w~ °~CCaccao~°~~ roeaO+Na -G R0es+0a Rix CITY COUNCIL REPORT _ -/TO: Mayor and Members of the City Council FROM: Lloyd V. Harrell, City Manager SUBJECT: Request for an Exemption from the Noise Ordinance for the Lone Star Barrel Racing Association on Sunday, June 13, 1993, from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. at the North Texas State Fairgrounds DATE: June 8, 1993 I I BACKGROUND: it Janie Proffer, representing the Lone Star Barrel Racing Association, has requested that the City Council grant an exemption to the noise ordinance on Sunday, June 13, from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. The noise ordinance declares loudspeakers, amplifiers, and musical instruments a noise nuisance at any time on Sunday (please see copy of ordinance attached). However, the ordinance states that the City Council may make exceptions when the public interest is served. The Barrel Racing group holds this event annually. The crowd is expected to be between 50 and 100 persons and no alcohol is served. The exemption is requested for loudspeakers only. PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENTS, OR GROUPS AFFECTED: Lone Star Barrel Racing Association members and attendees, neighborhood residents i FISCAL IMPACT: None. I Please advise if I can provide additional information. i f RESPEC FULLY SUBMITTED, L y V. Harrell City Manager r Prepared by: ` ~ ~~c1L Cat Brine E. Tuck Administrative Assistant I 61 I . ApendaNo Glcl AgenMjem 13~s Date ~-"-ci 3 CC June 2, 1993 Denton City Council 215 East McKinney St. Denton, TX 76201-4229 To Members of the Denton City Council: Lone Star Barrel Racing Association respectively requests an exemption for the use of a loudspeaker for the purpose of conducting a barrel race at the North Texas State Fairgrounds Arena on Sunday, June 13, 1993, from 1:00-5:00 p.m. i The location is 2217 North Carroll Boulevard, North Texas State Fairgrounds, Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, PY~ P4 nie Proffer Secretary Lone Star Barrel Racing Association 817/365-2975 - Home L 1 817/381-1214 - Work i ~I i Agendaltem P' Chapter 20 (t NUISANCES' Art. I. In General, 1§204-20-30 Art. 11, Abandoned Property, It 20.31-2C 70 Div. 1. Generally, 20.31-20.40 Div. 2. Motor Vehicles, 20.41-20.70 Art. U11, Grass and Weeds, it 20.71-20.73 ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL Sec. 20.1. Nolse. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to make or cause any unreasonably loud, dis- turbing, unnecessary noise which causes or may cause material distress, discomfort or injury to persons of ordinary sensibilities in the immediate vicinity thereof. (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to make or cause any noise of such character, intensity and continued duration as to substantially interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of private homes by persons of ordinary sensibilities. Icl The following acts, among others, are declared to be noise nuisances in violation of this Code, but such enumeration shall not be deemed to be exclusive: W The playing of any phonograph, television, radio or any musical instrument in such manner or with such -olume, particularly between the hours of 10:00 p.m, and 7:00 a.m., as to annoy or disturb the quiet, comfort or repose of persons of ordinary sen- sibilities in any dwelling, hotel or other type or residence; (2) The use of any sts''?nary loudspeaker, amplifier or musical instrument in such manner or with such v dums as to annoy or disturb persons of ordinary sensibilities in the immediate vicinity thereof, particularly between the hours of 10:00 p,m. and 7:00 a.m., or the operation of such loudspeaker, amplifier or musical instrument at any time on Sunday,, provided, however, that the city council may make exceptions upon application when the public Interest will be served thereby; (3) The blowing of any steam whistle attached to any stationary boiler or the blowing of any other loud or far-reaching steam whistle within the city Unfits, except to give notice of the time to begin or stop work or as a warning of danger, (4) The erection, excavation, demolition, alteration or repair work on any building at any time other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 8:30 p.m., Monday through 'Croa references-Proteckd migratory bird roosts declared nuisance, 16.87; Inspection and abatement warrants, 119-86 et seq,; insect and rodent control in mobile home and rec- reational vehicle parks, 132-91. Supp Ne.1 1389 1 i ~I ~I ~en4a NO ~ f 5 r, r 4 2a1 DENTON CODE AQendal,2..__ Saturday; provided, however, that the city council may issue special permits o such work at other hours in case of urgent necessity and in the interest of public safety and convenience; [5i The creation of any loud and excessive noise in connection with the loading or un- loading of any vehicle or the opening or destruction of bales, boxes, crates or con tainers; _ f6) The use of any drum, loudspeaker or other instrument or device for the purpo le ;f attracting attention by the creation of noises to any performance, show, theatre, motion picture house, sale of merchandise or display which causes crowds or people to block or congregate upon the sidewalks or streets near or adjacent thereto. Code 1966, 44 14.20, 14.21) Cross reference-Animal noise, 4 6.26. Sec. 20.2. Odors. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to create or cause any unreasonably noxious, unpleasant or strong odor which causes material distress, discomfort or injury to persons of I ordinary sensibilities in the Immediate vicinity thereof. (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to create or cause any odor, stench or smell of such character, strength or continued duration as to substantially interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of private homes by s persona of ordinary sensibilities. (c) The following acts or conditions, among others, are declared to be odor nuisances in violation of this Code, but such enumeration shall not be deemed to be exclusive; (1) Offensive odors from cow lots, hog pens, fowl coops and other similar places where animals are kept or fed which disturb the comfort and repose of persons of ordinary sensibilities; (2) Offensive odors from privies and other similar places; (3) Offensive odors from the use or possession of chemicals or from industrial processes or activities which disturb the comfort and repose of persons of ordinary sensibilities; (4) Offensive odors from smoke from the burning of trash, rubbish, rubber, chemicals or other things or substances; (5) Offensive odors from stagnant pools allowed to remain on any premises or from rotting garbage, refuse, offal or dead animals on any premises. (Code 1966, If 14.22, 14.23) See. 20.3. Garbage, trash and rubbish nuisances-Generally. (a) Storing or keeping garbage, trash and rubbish. The storing or keeping of any and all stacks, heaps or piles of old lumber, refuse, junk. old cars or machinery or parts thereof, garbage, trash, rubbish, scrap material, ruins, demolished or partly demolished structures or buildings, piles of stones, bricks or broken rocks on any premises bordering any public street Supp,No,1 1390 I zl z* { !t CITY' COUNCIL rif«- TIT 'I III W a ~ Nr TIT, s T X! a° a r r°" t~ 000 °~ooaaco~' Apet►d1No. - L-.~ aIt CERTIFICATE FOR ORDINANCE AUTHORIZI NG THE ISSUANCE , SALE, AND DELOF9 CITY OF DENTON GENERAL OBLIGATION REFUNDING BONDS, SERIES 1993A, AND APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES RELA77NG THERETO THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON We, the undersigned officers of said City, hereby certify as follows: 1. The C;ty Council of said City convened in SPECIAI. MEETING ON THE 1377; DAY OF JUNE, 1993, at the Municipal Building (City Hall), and the roil was called of the duly constituted of&cers and members of said City Council, to-wit: Jennifer K Walters, Bob Castleberry, Mayor City Secretary Margaret Smith, Mayor Pro Tern Harold Perry Euline Brock Jerry Cott Mark Chew Jack Miller and aL of said persons were present, except the following absentees: business, the following was transacted at said Meetingconstituting wrrit en m' Whereupon, among other ORDINANCE AUTHORIZING THE ISSUANCE, SALE, AND DELIVERY OF CITY OF DENTON GENERAL OBLIGATION REFUNDING WADS, SERIES 1993A, AND APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES RELATINO THERETO was duly introduced for the consideration of said City Council and duly read. It was then duly moved and seconded that said Ordinance be passed; and, after due discussion, said motion, carrying with it the passage of said Ordinance, prevailed and tamed by the following vote: AYES: NOES: ABSTENTIONS: Z That a true, full, and correct copy of the aforesaid Ordinance passed at the Meeting described In the above and foregoing paragraph is attached to and follows this Certificate; that said Ordinance has been duly recorded in said City Council's minutes of said Meeting; that the above and foregoing paragraph is a true, full, and correct excerpt from said City Council's c aQe MD 9 3 . Agenda lferr< 'Z~ Date cf j minutes of said Meeting pertaining to the passage of said Ordinance; that the pe namedr~ rsons. in the above and foregoing paragraph are the duly chosen, qualified, and acting officers and membet of said City Council as indicated therein; and that each of the officers and members of said City Council was duly and sufficiently notified officially and personally, in advance, of the time, place, and purpose of the aforesaid Meeting, and that said Ordinance would be introduced and considered for passage at said Meeting; and that said Meeting was open to the public, and public notice of the time, place, and purpose of said meeting was given, all as required by Vernon's Ann. Tex Civ. St. Article 6252.17. 3. That the Mayor of said City has approved, and hereby approves, the aforesaid Ordinance; that the Mayor and the City Secretary of said City have duty signed said Ordinance; and that the Mayor and the City Secretary of said City hereby declare that their signing of this Certificate shall constitute the signing of the attached and following copy of said Ordinance for all purposes. { SIGNED AND SEALED the 81h day of June, 1943. City Secretary bfayor (SEAT.) We, the undersigned, being respective'.y the City Attorney and the Bond Attorneys of the City of Denton, Texas, hereby certify t%at we prepared and approved as to legality the attached and following Ordinance prior to its passage as aforesaid. City Attorney Bond Attorneys r Agenda No t ~'g3ntlalteni,.~; S ~ Date ORDINANCE NO, 93- - r2 ORDINANCE AU iHORIZING THE ISSUANCE, SALE, AND DELIVERY OF CITY OF DENTON GENERAL OBLIGATION REFUNDING BONDS, SERIES 1993A, I.EVYINO THE TAX TO PAY SAME, AND APPROVING AND 1 ...nn.►.,.~.+cro~rt~/vurrcANDPROCF URESREL.A NGTHERET0 THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON i WHEREAS, the City of Denton, Texas, heretofore has duly Issued, and there are presently ouutanding, the following Serics of Tax supported obligations: City of Denton General Obligation Refunding Bonds, Seri" 1985, dated November 1, 1985, in the aggregate principal amount of $6,510.000•, City of Denton General 0bitgatloo Bonds, Seri" 1987, dated April 1, 1967, in the aggregate principal amount of $1,400,00U, City of Denton General Obligation Bowls, Series 1988, dated January 1, 1988, in the aggregate principal amount of $2,000,000; City of Denton General Obligation Bondi;,' Series 1989, dated January t,1989, in the aggregate principal smotmt of 52,000,000{ City of Denton Certificate of Obligations Series 1987, dated January 1, 1997, in the aggregate principal amount of $225,000; City of Denton Certificates of Obligation, Series 1991, dated April 1, 1991, In the aggregate prineipal amount of $150,000, (collectively, the "Outstanding Obllgations"), in t tic sggregate priwipal amount of $11,970,000; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the Ci of Denton deems it necessary and advisable to refund the Outstanding Obligations, and to aut~torize, issue, and deliver the bonds hereinafter described; and WMEAS, the bonds hereinafter authorized are to be Issued, sold, and delivered pursuant to Vernnn's Ann. Tear. Clv. St. Article 7171, the City's Horde Rule Chwa and otber applicable laws; TMEFORE, THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY ORDAINS THAT: Section 1. AMOUNT AND PURPOSE OF THE BONDS. The bond or bonds of the City of Denton, Texas (the "Issuer) sre hereby authorized to be issued end delivered In the aggregate principal amount of $13,500 OK FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO Agenda Ile rL Date. REQUIRED TO REFUND S IN AGGREGA'T'E PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF TAX SUPPORTED OBLIGATIONS OF THE CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS. Section 2. DESIGNATION OF THE BONDS. Each bond issued pursuant to this Ordinance shall be designated: "CITY OF DENTON GENERAL OBLIGATION REFUNDING BOND, SERIES 1993A", and Initially there shall be issued, sold, and delivered hereunder a single fully registered bond, without interest coupons, payable in installments of principal (the "Initial Bond"), but the Initial Bond may be assigned and transferred and/or converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, having serial maturities, and in the denomination or denomination: of $5,000 or any integral multiple of $5,000, all in the manner hereinafter provided. The term "Bonds" as used in this Ordinance shall mean and include collectively the Initial Bond and all substitute bonds ex- changed therefor, as well as all other substitute bonds and replacement bonds issued pursuant hereto, and the term "Bonds" shall mean any of the Bonds. Section 3. INITIAL, DATE, DENOMINATION, NUMBER, MATURITIES, INITIAL REGISTERED OWNER, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TTIE INITIAL BOND. (a) The Initial Bond is hereby authorized to be issued, sold, and delivered hereunder as a single fully registered Bond, without interest coupons, dated JUNE 1, 1993, in the denomination and aggregate principal amount of S , numbered R-1, payable in annual installments of principal to the initial registered owner thereof, to-wit: or to the registered assignee or assignees of said Bond or any portion or portions thereof (in each case, the "registered owner"), with the annual installments of principal of the Initial Bond to be payable on the dates, respectively, and in the principal amounts, respectively, stated In the FORM OF INITIAL BOND set forth in this Ordinance. (b) The Initial Bond (1) may be prepaid or redeemed prior to the respective scheduled due dates of installments of principal thereof, (ii) may be assigned and transferred, (iii) may be converted and exchanged for other Bonds, (iv) shall have the characteristics, and (v) shall be signed and sealed, and the principal of and interest on the Initial Bond shall be payable, all as provided, and in the manner required or indicated, in the FORM OF INffIAL BOND set forth in this Ordinance. Section 4. INTEREST. The unpaid principal balance of the Initial Bond shall bear interest from the date of the Initial Bond to the respective scheduled due dates, or to the respec- tive dates of prepayment or redemption, of the installments of principal of the Initial Bond, and said interest shall be payable, all in the manner provided and at the rates and on the dates stated in the FORM OF INITIAL BOND set forth in this Ordinance. Section S. FORM OF INITIAL BOND. The form of the Initial Bond, including the form of Registration Certificate of the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas to be endorsed on the Initial Bond, shall be substantially as follows: 2 ADendsNa. Agenda IIam-J I t 4; FORM OF 1tQT1'tAr. stnxn NO. R•1 $ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON GENERAL OBLIGATION REFUNDING BOND SERIES 1993A THE CITY OF DENTON, In Danton County, Texas (the %Issuer"), being a political subdivision of the State of Tnxas, hereby promises to pay to or to the registcrod auignee or auigaoa of this Bond or an rdon or CAN, the *registered owner') the aggregate principal portions amount of S f THOUSAND DOLLARS) in annual installments of principal due and payahte on JULY I In each of the years, and in the respective pcncipal amount, as ad fivth In the following schedule: JEM PRINCIPAL MAL 1994 S 195,000 2002 S 645,000 1995 275,000 2003 635,000 1996 1,900,000 2004 625,000 1997 1,945,000 2005 615,000 1996 IM000 2006 420,000 1999 2,020,000 2007 370,000 2000 663,000 2008 365,000 tt101 6SS.000 2009 155,000 and to pay Intera4 akulaW on the bath of a Missy year composed of twelve 30-day moaths, from the date of this Bond herelnafter stated, on the balatxo of each such Installment of principal, respectively, from time to time remaWnj unp&Kf at the rala as follows; 3AD% per annum on the above Imullment due in 1994 3.35% per annum oq' the above IrotaWnent due In 1995 3.9096 per annum on the above inatUntent due is 1996 4.20% per annum on the above Imlallment due la 1997 4.25% per annum on' the above Installment due In 1996 4.4046 per annum cq the above Installment due in 1999 4,60% per annum ors the above lmtallmeal due is 2000 COD% per annum on the above InataW mat due In 2001 aC1'"Ca'lenr ~ F 9 ' 5.00% per annum on the above instaUmeal due in 2002 Rate 5.00% per annum on the above installment due in Wall 5,10% per annum on the above installment due in 2004 5,25% per annum oa the above Installment due In 2005 530% per annum on the above Installment due in 2006 5,40% per annum on the above installment due in 2007 ' 5.40% per annum on the above Installment due in 2008 3.40% per annum on the above installment due in 2009 with said interest being payable on FEBRUARY 15, 1994, and semiannually on each FEBRUARY t5 and AUGUST 15 thereafter while this Bond or any portion hereof is outs6nding and unpaid. THE INSTALLMENTS OF PRINCIPAL OF AND THE INTEREST ON this Bond are payable in lawful money of the United States of America, without exchange or collection charges. The inslallments of principal and the interest on this Bond are payable to the registered owner bereof through the services of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A, DAI.I AS, TEXAS, which is the "Paying Agent/Rcgatrae for this Bond. Payment of aU principal of and Interem on this Bond shall be made by the Paying Agent/Reolrar to the registered owner hereof on each principal arrdlor interest payment date by check, dated as of such date, drawn by the Paying Agent/Regisuar on, and payable solely from, funds of the Issuer required by the ordinance authorizing the issuance of this Bond (the "Bond Ordinance") to be on deposit with the Paying Agent/Registrar for such purpose as hereinafter provided; and such check shall b. sent by the Paying AgcnVRegislrar by United States mail, Pint-class postage prepaid, on each such principal and/or interest payment date, to 1!!t registered ownct hereof, at the address of the registered owner, u it appeved at the close of business on the 1 Sib day of the month nett preceding each such elate (the 'Record Date") on the Registration Hooks k-pt by the Paying Agent/Registrar, u herelnailer described ','kite Issuer oovemts with the registered owner of this Bond that on or before each pri,i6pe) arAW interest payment date for this Bond it will make j available to the Paying AgeriVRegistrar, from the 'Interest and Sinking F%wd' created by the Bond I Ordinance, the amounta required to provide for the payment, In immediately available funds, of all principal of and lateral on this Bond, when due. IF THE DATE for the payment of the'principal of or interest on this Bond shag be a Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking irstitutlons in the City where the Paying Agent/Registrar is loceted am authorized by law or executive ordrt to ckne, then the date for such payment shad be the next succeeding day which is not such a Saturday, Sunday, legal boliday, or day on which banking institutions are authorized to close; and payment on such date shall have the same force and effect as if made on the original date payment was due. THIS BOND has been authorized in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the State of Texas FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQUIRED TO REFUND $ INAGGREOATEPRINCIPALAMOUNTOFTAXSUPPORTEDOBUGA11ONS OF THE CITY OF DEN7ON, TEXAS. ON FEBRUARY 15, 20flS, or on any date whatsoever thereafter, the unpaid installments of principal of thin Bond may be prepaid or redeemed prior to their scheduled due dates, at the opllon of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available source, as a whole, or in part, and, if in part, the particular portion of this Bond to be prepaid or redeemed shall be selected and designated by the Issuer (provided that a portion of this Bond may be redeemed only in an integral multiple of $5,000), at the prepayment or redempdon price of the par or principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the date Rftd for prepayment or redemption. 4 h' A lyQ 1 . r f rrj.a 1._h . L" option of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available source, as a whole, or in pan, and if in part, the particular portion of this Bond to be prepaid or redeemed shall beselwed and designated by the Issuer (provided that a portion of this Bond may be redeemed only in an integral multiple of $5,000), at the prepayment or redemption price of the par or principal 4 amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the date fixed for prepayment or redemption. 1 AT LEAST 30 days prior to the date fixed for any such prepayment or redemption a written notice of such prepayment or redemption shall be mailed by the Paying Agent/Registrar to the registered owner hereof. By the date fixed for any such prepayment or redemption due j provision shall be made by the Issuer with the Paying Agent/Registrar for the payment of the required prepayment or redemption price for this Bond or the portion hereof which is to be so prepaid or redeemed, plus accrued interest thereon to the date fixed for prepayment or redemption. If such written notice of prepayment or redemption is given, and if due provision for such payment is made, all as provided above, this Bond, or the portion thereof which is to be so prepaid or redeemed, thereby automatically shall be treated as prepaid or redeemed prior to its scheduled due date, and shall not bear interest after the date fixed for its prepayment or redemption, and shall not be regarded as being outstanding except for the right of the registered owner to receive the prepayment or redemption price plus accrued interest to the date fixed for prepayment of redemption from the Paying Agent/Regisirar out of the funds provided for such payment. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall record in the Registration Books all such prepay- ments or redemptions of principal of this Bond or any portion hereof. THIS BOND, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance hereof, or any l unpaid and unredeemed portion hereof in any integral multiple of $5,010, may be assigned by the Initial registered owner hereof and shall be transferred only in the Registration Books of the Issrcr kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar acting in the capacity of registrar for the Bonds, upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Bond Ordinance. Among other requirements for such transfer, this Bonn must be presented and surrendered to the Paying Agend' Registrar for cancel] ition, together with proper instruments of assignment, in form and with guarantee of sign- f lures satisfaclory to the Paying Agent/Reotrar, evidencing assignment by the Initial registered owner of this Bond, or any portion or portions hereof in any Integral multiple of $5,000, to the assignee or assignees In whose name or names this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof is or are to be transferred and registered. Any instrument or instruments of assignment satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar may be used to evidence the assignment of this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof by the initial registered owner hereof, A new bond or bonds payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the new registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds) or to the Initial registered owner as to any portion of this Bond which is not being assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner, shall be delivered by the Paying Agent/Registrar in conversion of and exchange for this Bond or any portion or portions hereof, but solely in the form and manner as provided in the next paragraph hereof for the conversion and exchange of this Bond or any portion hereof. The registered owner of this Bond shall be deemed and treated by the Lauer and the Paying Agent/Registrar as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes, including payment and discharge of liability upon this Bond to the extent of such payment, and the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Regisirar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary. AS PROVIDED above and In the Bond Ordinance, this Bond, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance hereof, may be converted into and exchanged for a like aggre- c v ~~e~~a Flo `.-...c...~...C....'....._ Agon dallorn gate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without interest coupons ` or assignees duly designated in writing by the initial registered owi r hereof, l oroto the initial registered owner as to any portion of this Bond which is not being assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner, in any denomination or denominations in any integral multiple of $5,000 (subject to the requirement hereinafter stated that each substitute bond issued in exchange for any portion of this Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date), upon surrender of this Bond to the Paying Agent/Regislrar for cancellation, all in accordance with the form and pro- cedures set forth in the Bond Ordinance. If this Bond or any portion hereof is assigned and transferred or converted each bond issued in exchange for any portion hereof shall have a single stated principal maturity date corresponding to the due date of the Installment of principal of this Bond or portion hereof for which the substitute bond is being exchanged, and shall bear interest at the rate applicable to and borne by such installment of principal or portion thereof. Such bonds, respectively, shall be subject to redemption prior to maturity on the same dates and for the same prices as the corresponding installment of principal of this Bond or portion they are being exchanged. No such bond shall be payable in installments, but shall have only are stated principal maturity date, AS PROVIDED 1N THE BOND ORDIINANCh H for which IN ITS PRESENT FORM MAY BE ASSIGNED AND TRANSFERRED >w THIS BOND ONCE ONLY, and to one or more assignees, but the bonds issued and OR CONVERTED this Bond or any portion hereof may be assigned and transferred, and convlerted, subsequently f as provided in the Bond Ordinance. The Issuer shall pay the paying Agent/Registrar's standard or customary fees and charges for transferring, converting, and exchanging this Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto, The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make any such assignment, conversion, or exchange (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of , business on thereonal f called for g principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond its prepayment or redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to prepayment the eo redemption date. IN THE EVENT any paying Agent/Registrar for this Bond is changed by the Issuer, resigns, or otherwise ceases to act as such, the Issuer has covenanted In the Bond Ordinance that it promptly will appoint a competent and legally qualified substitute therefor, and promptly will cause written notice thereof to be mailed to the registered owner of this Bond. IT IS HEREBY certified, recited, and covenanted that this Bond has been duly and validly voted, authorized, issued, sold, and delivered; that all acts, conditions, and things required or proper to be performed, exist, and be done precedent to or in the authorizationissuance, and delivery of this Bond have been performed, existed, and been done in accordance' law; that ' this Bonds a general obligation of the Issuer, issued on the full faith and credit thereof; and that annual ad valorem taxes sufficient to provide for the payment of the interest on and principal of this Bond, as such interest comes due and such principal matures, have been levied and ordered to be levied against all taxable property in the Iss Payment, within the limit prescribed by law uer, and have been pledged irrevocably for such ' , BY BECOMING, the tegistered owner of this Bond the registered owner thereby ~ acknowledges all of the terns and provisions of the Bond Ordinance, agrees to be bound by such terms and provisions, acknowledges that the Bond Ordinance is duty recorded and available for inspection in the official minutes and records of the governing body of the Issuer, and agrees that 6 j i I I~ 1 Apre~daltam ~"',_1 ~1 Dale the terms and provisions of this Bond and the Bond Ordinance constitute a contract bet%een the registered owner hereof and the Issuer. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this Bond to be signed with the manual signature of the Mayor of the Issuer and countersigned with the manual signature of the City Secretary of the Issuer, has caused the official seal of the Issuer to be duly impressed on this Bond, and has caused this Bond to be dated MARCH 1, 1993. City Secretary, Mayor, City of Denton, Texas City of Denton, Texas (CITY SEAL) FORM OF REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE OE T 14E COMPTROLLER OF Pj im tC ACCOUNTS: COMPTROLLER'S REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE: REGISTER NO. 1 hereby certify that this Bond has been examined, certified as to validity, and approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas, and that this Bond has been registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the Stale of Texas. Witness my signature and seal this Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas (COMPTROLLER'S SEAL) Section & ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BONDS. Registration and Transfer. (a) The Issuer shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal corporate trust office of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, NA, DALLAS, TEXAS (the "Paying Agent/Registrar") books or records of the registration and transfer of the Bonds (the "Registration Books"), and the Issuer hereby appoints the Paying Agent/Registrar as its registrar and transfer agent to keep such books or records and make such transfers and registrations under such reasonable regulations as the Issuer and Paying Agent/Registrar may prescribe; and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall make such transfers and registrations as herein provided. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall obtain and record ' In the Registration Books the address of the registered owner of each Bond to which payments with respect to the Bonds shall be mailed, as herein provided; but it shall be the duty of each registered owner to notify the Paying Agent/Regisirar in writing of the address to which payments shall be mailed, and such interest payments shall not be mailed unless such notice has been given. The Issuer shall have the right to inspect the Registration Books during regular business hours of the Paying Agent/Registrar, but otherwise the Paying Agent/Registrar shall keep the Registration 7 v Books confidential and, unless otherwise required by law, shall not permit their inspection by any other entity. Registration of each Bond may be transferred in the Registration Books only upon presentation and surrender of such Bond to the Paying Agent/Regisirar for transfer of registration and cancellation, together with proper written instruments of assignment, in form and with ' guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, (i) evidencing the assignment of the Bond, or any portion thereof in any integral multiple of $5,000, to the assignee or assignees thereof, and (ii) the right of such assignee or assignees to have the Bond or any such portion thereof registered in the name of such assignee or assignees. Upon the assignment and transfer of any Bond or any portion thereof, a new substitute Bond or Bonds shall be issued in conversion and exchange therefor in the manner herein provided. The Initial Bond, to the extent of the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance thereof, may be assigned and transferred by the initial registered owner thereof once only, and to one or more assignees designated in writing by the initial registered owner thereof. All Bonds issued and delivered in conversion of and exchange for the Initial Bond shall be in any denomination or denominations of any integral multiple of $5,000 (subject to the requirement hereinafter stated that each substitute Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date), shall be in the form prescribed in the FORM OF SUBSTITUTE BOND set forth in this Ordinance, and shall have the characteristics, and may be assigned, trans- ferred, and converted as hereinafter provided, If the Initial Bond or any portion thereof is assigned and transferred or converted the Initial Bond must be surrendered to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, and each Bond issued in exchange for any portion of the Initial Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date, and shall not be payable in installments; E and each such Bond shall have a principal maturity date corresponding to the due date of the installment of principal or portion thereof for which the substitute Bond is being exchanged; and each such Bond shall bear interest it the single rate applicable to and borne by such Installment 1 of principal or portion thereof for which it is being exchanged. If on a portion of the al Bond is assigned and transferred, there shall be delivered to and register in the name oflthe initial registered owner substitute Bonds in exchange for the unassigned balance of the Initial ' Bond in the same manner as if the initial registered owner were the assignee thereof. If any Bond or portion thereof other than the Initial Bond is assigned and transferred or converted each Bond issued in exchange therefor shall have the same principal maturity date and bear interest at R the same rate as the Bond for which it is exchanged. A form of assignment shall be printed or endorsed on each Bond, excepting the Initial Bond, which shall be executed by the registered owner or its duly authorized attorney or representative to evidence an assignment thereof Upon surrender of any Bonds or any portion or portions thereof for transfer of registration, an authorized representative of the Paying Agent/Registrar sball make such transfer in the Registration Books, and shall deliver a new fully registered substitute Bond or Bondi, having the characteristics herein described, payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds), or to the previous registered owner in case only a portion of a Bond is being assigned and transferred, all in conversion of and exchange for said assigned Bond or Bonds or any portion or portions thereof, in the same form and I manner, and with the same effect, as provided in Section 6(d), below, for the conversion and 1 exchange of Bonds by any registered owner of a Bond. The Issuer shall pay the Paying AgenVRegWrar's standard or customary fees and charges for making such transfer and delivery of a substitute Bond or Bonds, but the one requesting surh transfer shall pay any taxes or other governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make transfers of registration of any Bond or any portion thereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (u) with respect 8 ~ T ~i to to its any Bond redemptioron daanyteportion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days pTrio` , (b) Ownership of Bonds. The entity in whose name any Bond shall be registered in the Registration Books at any time shall be deemed and treated as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes of this Ordinance, whether or not such Bond shall be overdue, and the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary; and payment of, or on account of, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any such Bond shall be made only to Such registered owner. All such payments shall be valid and effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability upon such Bond to the extent of the sum or sums so paid. (c) Payment of_$onds and Ins rMt. The Issuer hereby further appoints the Paying Agent/Registrar to act as the paying agent for paying the principal of and interest on the Bonds, and to act as its agent to convert and exchange or replace Bonds, all as provided in this Ordinance. The Paying Agent/Registrar shall keep proper records of all payments made by the issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar with respect to the Bonds, and of all conversions and exchanges of Bonds, and all replacements of Bonds, as provided in this Ordinance. (d) Oonvers~n and c an¢_ or Renlacemenh delivered pursuant to this Ordinance, to the tent ooff theeunpaid or Each prNcPal balance or principal amount thereof, may, upon surrender of such Bond at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agent/Registrar, together with a written request therefor duly executed by the registered owner or the assignee or assignees thereof, or its or their duly authorized attorneys or representatives, with guarantee of signatures satisfactory to the Paying Agent/Registrar, may, at the option of the registered owner or such assignee or assignees, as appropriate, be converted into and exchanged for fully registered bonds, without Interest coupons, in the form prescribed in the FORM OF SUBSTITUTE BOND set forth in this Ordinance, in the denomination of $5,000, or any integral multiple of $5,000 (subject to the requirement hereinafter stated that each substitute Bond shall have a single stated maturity date), as requested in writing by such registered owner or such assignee or assignees, in an aggregate principal amount equal to the unpaid or unredeemed principal balance or principal amount of any Bond or Bonds so surrendered, and payable to the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be. If the Initial Bond is assigned and transferred or converted each substitute Bond Issued in exchange for any portion of the Initial Bond shall have a single stated principal maturity date, and shall not be payable in installments; and each such Bond shall ha-e a principal maturity date corresponding to the due date of the installment of principal or portion ti.ereof for which the substitute Bond is being exchanged; and each such Bond shall bear interest at it a single rate applicable to and boroe by such installment of principal or portion thereof for wI Jch it is being exchanged If a portion of any Bond (other than the Initial Bond) shall be redeemed prior to its scheduled maturity as provided herein, a substitute Bond or Bonds having the u,,ne maturity date, bearing Interest at the same rate, in the denomination or denominations of any integral multiple of $5,000 at the request of the registered owner, and in aggregate principal amount equal ' to the unredeemed portion thereof, wilt be issued to the registered owner upon surrender thereof for cancellation. If any Bond or portion thereof (other than the Initial Bond) is assigned and transferred or converted, each Bond issued in exchange therefor shall have the same principal maturity date and bear Interest at the same rate as the Bond for which it is being exchanged. Each substitute Bond shall bear a letter and/or number to distinguish it from each other Bond. r The Paying Agent/Registrar shall convert and exchange or replace Bonds as provided herein, and 9 each fully registered bond delivered in conversion of and exchange for or replacement~of an-~ Bond or portion thereof as permitted or required by any provision of this Ordinance shall constitute one of the Bonds for all purposes of this Ordinance, and may again be converted and exchanged or replaced. It is specifically provided that any Bond authenticated in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of another Bond on or prior to the first scheduled Record Date for the Initial Bond shall bear interest from the date of the Initial Bond, but each substitute Bond so authenticated after such first scheduled Record Date shall bear interest from the interest payment date next preceding the date on which such substitute Bond was so authenticated, unless such Bond is authenticated after any Record Date but on or before the next following interest payment date, in which case it shall bear interest from such next following interest payment date; provided, however, that if at the time of delivery of any substitute Bond the interest on the Bond for which it is being exchanged is due but has not been paid, then such Bond shall bear interest from the date to which such interest has been paid in full. THE INITIAL BOND issued and delivered pursuant to this Ordinance is not required to be, and shall not be, authenticated by the Paying Agen(/Registrar, but on each substitute Bond issued in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of any Bond or Bonds issued under this Ordinance there shall be printed a bond, in the form substantially as follows: j "PAYING AGENT/REGISTRAR'S AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE It is hereby certified that this Bond has been issued under the provisions of the Bond Ordinance described in this Bond; and that this Bond has been issued in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of a bond, bonds, or a portion of a bond or bonds of an Issue which originally was approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A, DALLAS, TEXAS Paying Agent/Registrar Dated By Authorized Representative" An authorized representative of the Paying Agent/Registrar shall, before the delivery of any such Bond, date and manually sign the above Bond, and no such Bond shall be deemed to be issued or outstanding unless such Bond is so executed. The Paying Agent/Registrar promptly shall cancel all Bonds surrendered for conversion and exchange or replacement. No additional ordinances, orders, or resolutions need be passed or adopted by the goveming body of the Issuer or any other body or person so as to accomplish the foregoing conversion and exchange or replacement of any Bond or portion thereof, and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall provide for the printing, execution, and delivery of the substitute Bonds in the manner prescribed herein, and said Bonds shall be of type composition printed on paper with lithographed or steel engraved borders of customary weight and strength Pursuant to Vernon's Ann. Tex Civ. St. Art. 717kA and particularly Section 6 thereof, the duty of conversion and exchange or replacement of Bonds as aforesaid is hereby imposed upon the Paying Agent/Registrar, and, upon the execution of the above Paying Agent/Registrat's Authentication Certificate, the converted and exchanged or replaced Bond shall be valid, incontestable, and enforceable in the same manner and with the same effect as the Initial Bond which originally was issued pursuant to this Ordinance, approved by the Attorney 10 T ~ _T s tl General, and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts. The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/Registrar's standard or customary fees and chargz for transferring, converting, and exchanging any Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting any such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto as a condition precedent to the exercise of such privilege of conversion and tachange. The Paying Agent/ Registrar shall not be required to make any such conversion and exchange or replacement of Bonds or any portion thereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or Interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption date. (e) General. All Bonds issued in conversion and exchange or replacement of any other Bond or portion thereof, (i) shall be issued in fully registered form, without interest coupons, with the principal of and interest on such Bonds to be payable only to the registered owners thereof, (ii) may be redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, (iii) may be transferred and assigned, (iv) may be converted and exchanged for other Bonds, (v) shall have the characteristics, (vi) shall be signed and sealed, and (vii) the principal of and interest on the Bonds shall be payable, all as prmided, end in the manner required or indicated, in the FORM OF I SUBSTITUTE BOND set forth in this Ordinance. f (f) Payment of Fees and Ch~rgees. The Issuer hereby covenants with the registered owners of the Bonds that it will (i) pay the standard or customary fees and charges of the Paying Agent/Regutrar for its services with respect to the payment of the principal of and interest on the Bonds, when due, and (ii) pay the fees and charges of the Paying Agent/ Registrar for services with respect to the transfer of registration of Bonds, and with respect to the conversion and exchange of Bonds solely to the extent above provided in this Ordinance. (g) Substitute Paying Agent/Reytstrar. The Issuer covenants with the registered owners of the bonds that at all times while the Bonds are outstanding the Issuer will provide a competent and legally qualified bank, trust company, financial institution, or other agency to act as and perform the services of Paying Agent/Regiatrar for the Bonds under this Ordinance, and that the Paying Agent/Registrar will be one entity. 'The Issuer reserves the right to, and may, at its option, change the Paying Agent/Registrar upon not less than 120 days written notice to the Paying Agen t/Regis trot, to be effective not later than 60 days prior to the next principal or interest payment date after such notice. In the event that the entity at any time acting as Paying Agent/Registrar (or its successor by merger, acquisition, or other method) should resign or other- wise cease to act as such, the Issuer covenants that promptly it will appoint a competent and legally qualified bank, trust company, financial institution, or other agency to act as Paying Agent/Registrar under this Ordinance. Upon any change in the Paying Agent/Registrar, the previous Paying Agent/Registrar promptly shall transfer and deliver the Registration Books (or a copy thereof), along with all other pertinent books and records relating to the Bonds, to the new Paying Agent/Registrar designated and appointed by the Issuer. Upon any change In the Paying Agent/Registrar, the Issuer promptly will cautc a written notice thereof to be sent by the new Paying Agent/Registrar to each registered owner of the Bonds, by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, which notice also shall give the address of the new Paying Agent/Registrar. By accepting the position and performing as such, each Paying Agent/Registrar shall be deemed to have agreed to the provisions of this Ordinance, and a certified copy of this Ordinance shall be delivered to each Paying Agent/Registrar. 11 1 i Section 7. FORM OF SUBSTITUTE BONDS. The form of all Bonds issued in conversion and exchange or replacement of any other Bond or portion thereof, including the form i of Paying Agent/Registrar's Bond to be printed on each of such Bonds, and the Form of Assignment to be printed on each of the Bonds, shall be, respectively, substantially as follows, with such appropriate variations, omissions, or insertions as are permitted or required by this Ordinance, FORM OF SUBSTITUTE BOND NO. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PRINCIPAL AMOUNT STATE OF TEXAS $ COUNTY OF DENTON CITY OF DENTON GENERAL OBLIGATION REFUNDING BOND SERIES 1993A ORIGINAL DATE INTEREST RATE MATURITY DATE OF ISSUE CUSIP N0. JUNE 1, 1993 ON THE MATURITY DATE specified above the CITY OF DENTON, in Denton County, Texas (the "Lcsuer"), being a political subdivision of the State of Texas, hereby promises to pay to or to the registered assignee hereof (either being hereinafter called the "registered owner") the principal amount of and to pay interest thereon, calculated on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months, from JUNE 1, 1993, to the maturity date specified above, or the date of redemption prior to maturity, at the interest rate per annum specified above; with Interest being payable on FEBRUARY 15, 1994, and semiannually on each FEBRUARY IS and AUGUST 15 thereafter, except that if the date of esthentication of this Bond is later than the first Record Date (hereinafter defined), such principal amount shall bear interest from the interest payment date next preceding the date of authentication, unless such date of authentication is after any Record Date (hereinafter defined) but on or before the next following interest payment date, In which case such principal amount shall bear interest from such next following Interest payment date. THE PRINCIPAL OF AND INTEREST ON this Bond are payable In lawful money of the United States of America, without exchange or collection charges. The principal of this Bond shall be paid to the registered owner hereof upon presentation and surrender of this Bond at maturity or upon the date fixed for its redemption prior to maturity, at the principal corporate trust office of NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS, which is the "Paying Agent/Registrar" for this Bond. The payment of interest on this Bond shall be made by the Paying Agent/Registrar to the registered owner hereof on each interest payment date by check, dated as of such interest payment date, drawn by the Paying Agent/Registrar on, and payable solely from, funds of the Issuer required by the ordinance authorizing the issuance of the Bonds (the "Bond Ordinance") to be on deposit with the Paying Agent/Registrar for such purpose as 12 1 I ill hereinafter provided; and such check shall be sent by the Paying Agent/Registrar by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, on each such interest payment date, to the registered owner hereof, at the address of the registered owner, as it appeared at the close of business on the 15th day of the month next preceding each such date (the "Record Dat.-") on the Registration Books kept by the Faying Agent/Registrar, as hereinafter described. However, the payment of such interest may be made by any other method acceptable to the Paying Agent/Re&trar and requested by, and at the risk and expense of, the registered owner hereof. Any accrued interest due upon the redemption of this Bond prior to maturity as provided herein shall be paid to the registered owner at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agent/Registrar upon presentation and surrender of this Bond for redemption and payment at the principal corporate trust office of the Paying Agent/Regisirar. The Issuer covenants with the registered owner of this Bond that on or before each principal payment date, interest payment date, and accrued interest payment date for this Bond it will make available to the Paying Agent/ Registrar, from the "Interest and Sinking Fund" created by the Bond Ordinance, the amounts required to provide for the payment, in immediately available funds, of all principal of and interest on the Bonds, when due. I IF THE DATE for the payment of the principal of or interest on this Bond shall be a Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking institutions in the City where the Paying Agent/Registrar is located are authorized by law or executive order to close, then the date ` for such payment shall be the next succeeding day which is not such a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which banking institutions ere authorized to ckxse; and payment on such date shall have the same force and effect as if made on the original date payment was due. THIS BOND is one of an issue of Bonds Initially dated JUNE 1, 1993, authorized in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the State of Texas in the principal amount of S FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING FUNDS REQU:RED TO REFUND $ IN AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF TAX SUPPORTED OBLIGATIONS OF THE CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS. ON FEBRUARY 15, 2002, or on any date whatsoever thereafter, the Bonds of this Series may be redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, at the option of the Issuer, with funds derived from any available and lawful source, as a whole, or In part, and, if in part, the particular Bonds, or portions thereof, to be redeemed shall be selected and designated by the Issuer (provided that a portion of a Bond may be redeemed only in an integral multiple of $5,000), at the redemption price of the par or principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the date fixed for redemption. AT LEAST 30 days prior to the date fixed for any redemption of Bonds or portions thereof prior to maturity a written notice of such redemption shall be published once in a finan- cial publication, journal, or reporter of general circulation among securities dealers in The City of New York, New York (including, but not limited to, The Bond Buyer and The Wall Street Journal), or in the State of Texas (including, but not limited to, The Texas Bond Reporter). Such notice also shall be sent by the Paying Agent/Registrar by United States mail, first-class postage prepaid, not less than 30 days prior to the date rued for any such redemption, to the registered owner of each Bond to be redeemed at its address as it appeared on the 45th day prior to such redemption date; provided, however, that the failure to send, mail, or receive such notice, or any defect therein or in the sending or mailing thereof, shall not affect the validity or effectiveness of 13 the proceedings for the redemption of any Bond, and it is hereby specifically prow ed that the publication of such notice as required above shall be the only notice actually require in 1 connection with or as it prerequisite to the redemption of any Bonds or portions thereof. By the i date fixed for any such redemption due provision shall be made with the Paying Agent/Registrar for the payment of the required redemption price for the Bonds or portions thereof which are to be so redeemed, plus accrued interest thereon to the date fixed for redemption. If such written notice of redemption is published and if due provision for such payment is made, all as provided above, the Bonds or portions thereof which are to be so redeemed thereby automatically shall be treated as redeemed prior to their scheduled maturities, and they shall not bear interest after the date fixed for redemption, and they shall not be regarded as being outstanding except for the right of the registered owner to receive the redemption price plus accrued interest from the Paying Agent/ Registrar out of the funds provided for such payment. If a portion of any Bond shall be redeemed a substitute Bond or Bonds having the same maturity date, bearing interest at the same E rate, in any denomination or denominations in any integral multiple of $5,000, at the written request of the registered owner, and in aggregate principal amount equal to the unredeemed rtion ccaancellation,raatt the wiII be of utehde Issuer,eall as provided rthe Bon 0 dinancender thereof for ~ THIS BOND OR ANY PORTION OR PORTIONS HEREOF IN ANY IN'T'EGRAL MULTIPLE OF $5,000 may be assigned and shall be transferred only in the Registration Books of the Issuer kept by the Paying Agent/Registrar acting in the capacity of registrar for the Bonds, upon the terns and conditions set forth in the Bond Ordinance. Amung other requirements for such assignment and transfer, this Bond must be presented and surrendered to the Paying Agent/Registrar, together with proper instruments of assignment, Bond or~aof evidencing assignment of with signatures satisfactory to the Paying AgentiRegistrar, this portion or portions hereof in any integral multiple of $5,000 to the assignee or assigner in whose name or names this Bond or any such portion or portions hereof is or are to be transferred and registered. The form of Assignment printed or endorsed on this Bond shall be executed by the registered owner or its duly authorize attorney or representative,to evidence the assignment hereof. A new Bond or Bonds payable to such assignee or assignees (which then will be the new registered owner or owners of such new Bond or Bonds), or to the previous registered owner in the case of the assignment and transfer of only a portion of this Bond, may be delivered by the Paying Agent/Registrar in conversion of and exchange for this Bond, all in the form and manner as provided in the next paragraph hereof for the conversion and exchange of other Bonds. The Issuer shall pay the Paying AgW/Registrar s standard or customary fees and charges for making such transfer, but the one requesting such transfer shall pay any taxes oother gh"nment~ charges requited to be paid with respect thereto. The Paying Agent/Registrar required to make transfers of registration of this Bond or any portion hereof (i) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next following principal or interest payment date, or, (ii) with respect to any Bond or any portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, within 45 days prior to its redemption date, The registered owner of this Bond shall be deemed and treated by the Issuer and the Paying Agent/Registrar as the absolute owner hereof for all purposes, including payment and discharge of liability upon this Bond to the extent of such payment, and the Issuer and the Pan egistrar shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary. 'n6 Agent/Registrar ALL BONDS OF THIS SERIES are issuable solely as fully registered bonds, without interest coupons, in the denomination of any integral multiple of $5,000. As provided in the 14 IT, T' Bond Ordinance, this Bond, or any unredeemed portion hereof, may, at the request of the registered owner or the assignee or assignees hereof, be converted into and exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of fully registered bonds, without ;nterest coupons, payable to the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignee:, as the case may be, having the same maturity date, and bearing interest at the same rate, in any denomination or denominations in any integral multiple of $5,006 as requested in writing by the appropriate registered owner, assignee, or assignees, as the case may be, upon surrender of this Bond to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation, all in accordance with the form and procedures set forth in the Bond Ordinance. The Issuer shall pay the Paying Agent/ Registrar's standard or customrry fees and charges for transferring, converting, and exchanging any Bond or any portion thereof, but the one requesting such transfer, conversion, and exchange shall pay any taxes or governmental charges required to be paid with respect thereto as a condition precedent to the exercise of such privilege of comver- qon and exchange, The Paying Agent/Registrar shall not be required to make any such conver- sion and exchange (I) during the period commencing with the close of business on any Record Date and ending with the opening of business on the next follcwing principal or interest payment date, or, (u) with respect to any Bond or portion thereof called for redemption prior to maturity, i within 45 days prior to its redemption date, IN THE EVENT ary Paying Agent/Registrar for the Bonds iq changed by the Issuer, resigns, or otherwise ceases to act as such, the Issuer has covenanted in the Bond Ordinance that it promptly will appoint a competent and legally qualified substitute therefor, and promptly will cause written notice thereof to be mailed to the registered owners of the Bonds. IT IS HEREBY certified recited, and covenanted that this Bond has been duly and validly voted, authorized, issued, sold, and delivered; that all acts, conditions, and things required or proper to be perforated, exist, and be done precedent to or in the authorization, issuance, and delivery of this Bond have been performed, existed, and been done in accordance with law; that this Bond is a general obligation of the Issuer, issued oa the full faith and credit thereof; and that annual ad valorem taxes sufficient to provide for the payment of the interest on and principal of this Bond, as such interest comes due and such principal matures, have been levied and ordered to be levied against all taxable property in the issuer, and have been pledged Irrevocably for such payment, within the limit prescribed by law. BY BECOMING the registered owner of this Bond, the registered owner thereby ` acknowledges all of the tenru and provisions of the Bond Ordinance, agrees to be bound by such ` terms and provisions, acknowledges that the Bond Ordinance is duly recorded and available for inspection in the official minutes and records of the governing body of the Issuer, and agrees that the terms and provisions of this Bond and the Bond Ordinance constitute a contract between each registered owner hereof and the Issuer. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Issuer has caused this Bond to be signed with the ` facsimile signature of the Mayor of the Issuer and countersigned with t&- facsimile signature of I r 15 the City Secretary of the Issuer, and has caused the official seat of the Issucr to be duly impressed, or placed in facsimile, on on this Bond. (facsimile signature) _ffacsimile signature City of Denton, Texas of Denton, Texas (CITY SEAL) FORM OF PAYING AGENT/gEGISTRAR'S AUITIENTICATION CERTIFICATE PAYING AGENT/REGISTRAR'S AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE It is hereby certified that this Bond has been issued under the provisions of the Bond Ordinance described in this Bond; and that this Bond has been Issued in conversion of and exchange for or replacement of a bond, bonds, or a portion of a bond or bonds of an issue which originally was approved by the Attorney General of the State of Texas and registered by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. NATIONSBANK OF TEXAS, N.A., DALLAS, TEXAS Paying Agent/Registrar Dated By Authorized Representative FORM OF ASSIGNMENT: ASSIGNMENT FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned registered owner of this Bond, or duly authorized representative or attorney thereof, hereby assigns this Bond to (Assignee's Social (print or typewrite Assignee's name and Security or Taxpayer address, including zip code) Identification Number) and hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints attorney to transfer the registration of this Bond on the Paying Agent/Regutrar's Registration Books with full power of substitution in the premises. 16 I Dated: Signature Ouarantecd: NOTICE: IM signature must be Registered O%iicr guaranteed by a member of the NOTICE: This signature must New York Stock Exchange or a correspond with the name of commercial bank or trust the Re&ered Owner appear. company. Ing on the face of this Bond. Section & (a) TAX LEVY. A special Interest and Sinking Fund (the "Interest a,. Sinking Fund") Is hereby created solely for the benefit of the Bonds, and the Interest and SinV Fund shall be established and maintained by the Issuer at an official depository bank of the W cr. The Interest and Sinking Fund shall be kept separate and apart from ali other funds and acr.rants of the Issuer, and shall be used only for paying the Interest on and principal of the Bones, M ad valorem taxes levied and collected for and on account of the Bonds shall be depc.•4cd, at collected, to the credit of the Interest and Sinking Fund. During each year while aay of the Bonds or Interest thereon are outstanding and unpaid, the governing body of the Ws cr shall compute and ascertain a rate and amount of ad valorem tax which will be sufficient to raise and produce the money required to pay the interest on the Bonds as such Interest becomes due, and to provide and maintain a sinking fund adequate to pay the principal of iu Bonds as such principal matures (but never less than 2% of the original principal amount of the Bonds as a sinking fund each year); and said tax shall be based on the latest approved tax rolls of the Issuer, with full allowance being made for tax delinquencies and the cost of tax collection. Said rate and amount of ad valorem tax Is hereby levied, and is hereby ordered to be levied, againvt all taxable property In the Issuer for each year while any of the Bonds or interest thereon arc outstanding and unpaid; and said tax shall be assessed and collected each such year and deposited to the credit of the aforesaid Interest and Sinking Fund. Said ad valorem taxes sufficient to provide for the payment of the Interest on and principal of the Bonds, as such Interest coma due and such principal matures, are hereby pledged for inch payment, within the limit prescribed by law. (b) APPROPRIATION. There is hercb4 appropriated from surplus funds of the Issuer now on hand and lawfully available for such purpose, and shall be deposited into the Interest and Sinking Fund for the Bonds, the amount of money required to pay the Interest coming due on the Bonds on February 0, 1994. The money thus appropriated and deposited shall to used for no purpose other than to pay said Interest on the Bonds. The appropriate officials of the Issuer are hereby authorized and directed do any and all things necessary or convenient to accomplish said appropriation and deposit. Section 10. DEFEASANCE OF BONDS. (a) Any Bond and the Interest thereon shail be deemed to be paid, retired, and no longer outstanding (a "Defeased 3ond") within the meaning of this Ordinance, except to the extent provided In subsection (d) of this Section, when payment of the principal of such Bond, plus Interest thereon to the due date (whether such due date be by reason of maturity, upon redemption, or otherwise) either (i) shall have been made or caused to be made in accordance with the terms thereof (including the giving of any required notice of redemption), or (ii) shall have been provided for on or before such due date by irrevocably 17 1 1 4vndaNo -',I depositing with or making available to the Paying Agent/Registrar for such payment (l)~ lawl"uI money of the United States of America sufficient to make such payment or (2) Government Obligations which mature as to principal and interest in such amounts and at such times as will insure the .vailability, without reinvestment, of sufficient money to provide for such payment, and when proper arrangements have been made by the issuer with the Paying Agent/Registrar fur the payment of its services until all Defeased Bonds shall have become due and payable. At such time as a Bond shall be deemed to he a Defeased Bond hereunder, as aforesaid, such Bond and the interest thereon shall no longer be secured by, payable from, or entitled to the benefits of, the ad valorem taxes herein levied and pledged as provided In this Ordinance, and such principal and interest shall be payable solely from such money or Government Obligations. I - (b) Any moneys so deposited with the Paying Agent/Registrar may at the written direction of the Tmucr also be invested in Government Obligations, maturing in the amounts and times as hereinbefore set forth, and all income from such Government Obligations received by the Faring .Agent/Registrar which is not required for the payment of the Bonds and interest thereon, with respect to which such money has been so deposited, shall be turned over to the Issuer, or deposited as directed In writing by the Issuer. (c) The term "Government Obligations" as used in this Section shall mean direct obligations of the United States of America, including obligations the principal of and interest on which are unconditionally guaranteed by the United States of America, which may be United States Treasury obligations such as its State and Local Government Series, which may be in book. entry form. (d) Until all Dereased Bonds shall have become due and payable, the Paying Agent/Registrar shall perform the ser icn of Paying Agent/Registrar for such Defeased Bonds the same as if they had not been defeased, tnd the Issuer shall make proper arrangements to provide ' and pay for such services as required by this Ordinance. Section 11. DAMAGED, MUTILATED, LOST, STOLEN, OR DESTROYED BONDS. (a) Replacement Bonds. In the event any outstanding Bond is damaged, mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed, the Paying Agent/Registrar shall cause to be printed, executed, and delivered, a new bond of the same principal amount, maturity, and Interest rate, as the damaged, mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed Bond, in replacement for such Bond in the manner hereinafter provided. (b) Application for Replacement Bond;. Application for replacement of damaged, mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed Bonds shall be made by the registered owner thereof to the Paying Agent/Registrar, In every case of lots, theft, or destruction of a Bond, the registered owner applying for a replacement bond shall furnish to the Issuer and to the Paying Agent/Registrar such security or indemnity as may be required by then. to save each of them harmless from any loss or damage with respect thereto. Also, In every cast of loss, theft, or destruction of a Bond, the registered (.weer shall furnish to the Issuer and tht Paying Agent/Registrar evidence to their satisfaction of the loss, theft destruction of such Bond, as the case may be. In every case of damage or mutilation of a wnd, the registered owner shall surrender to the Paying Agent/Registrar for cancellation the Bond so damaged or mutilated. (c) No Default Occurred. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, In the event of any such Bond shall have matured, and no default has occurred which is then con- 18 f Agenda No ..l AArir~a~nm J., L) V-- _ ~ G3fP_,_ l > tinuing In the payment of the principal of, redemption premium, if any, or interest on the Bond, the Issuer may authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case i of a damaged or mutilated Bond) instead of issuing a replacement Bcod, prodded security or in~emnity is furnishe! as above provided in this Section. (d) Charge for Issuing Replacement Bonds. Prior to the issuance of any replacement bond, the Paying Agent/Registrar shall charge the registered owmcr of such Bond with all legal, printing, and other expenses in connection therewith. Every replacement bond issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section by virtue of the fact that any Bond is lost, stolen, or destroyed shall constitute a contractual obligation of the Issuer whether or not the lost, stolen, or destroyed Bond shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Ordinance equally and proportionately with any and all other Bonds duly issued under this f Ordinance. i (e) authority for Issuing Replacement Bonds. In accordance with Section 6 of Vernon's t Ann. Tex. Civ. St. Art. 717k4 this Section of this Ordinance shall constitute authority for the Issuance of any such replacement bond without necessity of further action by the governing body of the Issuer or any other body or person, and the duty of the replacement of such bonds is hereby authorized and Imposed upon the Paying Agent/Registrar, and the Paying Agent/Registrar shall authenticate and deliver such Bonds in the form and manner and with the effect, as provided in Section 6(d) of this Ordinance for Bonds Issued in conversion and exchange for other Bonds. Section 12. COVENANTS REGARDING TAX-EXEMPTION. The Issuer covenants to refrain from taking any action which would adversely affect, and to take any action required to ensure, the treatment of the Bonds as obligations described In section 103 of the Code, the Interest on which is not includable in the "gross income" of the holds for purposes of federal income tarailon. In furtherance thereof, the Issuer covenant% as follows: (a) to lake any action to assure that no more than 10 percent of the proceeds of the Bonds (less amounts deposited to a reserve fund, if any) are used for any "private business use", as defined in section 141(b)(6) of the Code or, if more than 10 percent of the proceeds are so used, that amounts, whether or not received by the Issuer, with respect to such private business use, do not, under the terms of this Ordinance or any underlying arrangement, directly or indirectly, secure or provide for the payment of more than 10 percent of the debt service on the Bonds, in contravention of section 141(b)(2) of the Code; (b) to take any action to assure that in the event that the "private business rue" described In subsection (a) hereof exceeds S percent of the proceeds of the Bonds (less amounts deposited into a reserve fund, if any) then the amount in excess of S percent is used for a "private business use" which is "related" and not 'disproportion- ate', within the meaning of section 141(b)(3) of the Code, to the ge, _mmental rue; (c) to take any action to assure that no amount which is greater than the lesser of $5,000,000, or S percent of the proceeds of the Bonds (less amounts deposited Into a reserve fund, if any) is directly or Indirectly used to finance loans to persons, other than state or local governmental units, In contravention of section 141(c) of the Code; r 19 I ageodaffern 1Z;7 e (d) to retrain from taking any action which would otherwise result 'in the Bonds being treated as "private activity bonds" within the meaning of section 141(b) of the Code; (e) to refrain from taking any action that would result in the Bonds being "federally guaranteed" within the meaning of section 149(b) of the Code; (f) to refrain from using any portion of the proceeds of the Bonds, directly or indirectly, to acquire or to replace funds which were used, directly or indirectly, to acquire investment property (as defined In section 148(b)(2) of the Code) which produces a materially higher yield over the term of the Bonds, other than investment ~ property acquired with - (1) proceeds of the Bonds invested for a reasonable tempoiary E period of 3 years or less until such proceeds arc needed for the purpose for which the Bonds are issued, (2) amoums Invested in a bona tide debt service fund, within the meaning of section 1303.13(b)(12) of the Treasury Regulations, and (3) amounts deposited in any reasonably required reserve or replacement fund to the extent such amounts do not exceed 10 percent of the proceeds of the Bonds; (g) to otherwise restrict the use of the proceeds of the Bonds or amounts treated as proceeds of the Bonds, as may be necessary, so that the Bonds do not otherwise contravene the requirements of section 148 of the Code (relating to arbitrage) and, to the extent applicable, section 149(d) of the Code (relating to advance refundings); (h) to pay to the United States of America at least once during each five. year period (beginning on the date of delivery of the Bonds) an amount that is at least equal to 90 percent of the "Excess Earnings", within the meaning of section 148(Q of the Code and to pay to the United States of America, not later that 60 days after the Bonds have been paid In full, 100 percent of the amount then required to be paid as a result of Excess Earnings under section 148(f) of the Code; and (I) to maintain such records as will enable the Issuer to fulfill its responsibilities under this section and section 148 of the Code and to retain such records for at least six years following the final payment of principal and interest on the Bonds. It is the understanding of the Issuer that the covenants contained herein are intended to assure compliance with the Code and any regulations or rulings promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury pursuant thereto. In the event that regulations or rulings are hereafter promulgated which modify, or expand provisions of the Code, as applicable to the Bonds, the Issuer will not be required to comply with any covenant contained iierein to the extent that such modification or expansion, in the opinion of nation allyrecognized bond coun• 20 f sel, will not adven.ciy affect the exemption from federal income taxation lin of tcresi ginane hereafter Bonds under section 103 of the Code. In the even: that regulations or rulins are promulgated which Impose addieional requirements which are applicable to the Bonds, the Issuer agrees to comply with t? a additional requirements to the extent necessary, in the opinion of nationallyrecognizcd bond counsel, to preserve the exemption from federal income taxation of interest on the Bonds t.nder section 103 of the Code. Section 13. CUSTODY, APPROVAL, AND REG1S'17RATION OF BONDS; BOND COUNSEL'S OPINION, CUSIP NUMBERS, PREAMBLE AND INSURANCE. The Mayor of the Issuer is hereby authorized to have control of the Initial Bond issued hereunder and all necessary, records and proceedings pertaining to the Initial Bond pending its delivery and its - investigation, examination, and approval by the Attorney General of the State of Texas, and its registration by the Comptroller of Public Accounts of the State of Texas. Upon registration of the Initial Crud said Comptroller of Public Accounts (or a deputy designated in writing to act for said Comptroller) shall manually sign the Comptroller's Registration Certificate on the Initial Bond, and the seal of said Comptroller shall be impressed, or placed In facsimile, on the Initial Bond. The approving legal opinion of the Issuer's Bond Counsel and the assigned CUSIP numbers may, at the option of the Issuer, be printed on the Initial Bond or on any Bonds Issued and delivered In conve slon of and exchange or replacement of any Bond, but neither shall have any legal effect, and shall be solely for the convenience and information of the registered owners of the Bonds. The preamble to this Ordinance is hereby adopted and made a part hereof for all purposes. If insurance is obtained on any of the Bonds, the Initial Bond and all other Bonds shall bear an appropriate legend concerning insurance as provided b the insurer. Section 14. DTC REGISTRATION. The Bonds initially shall be issued and delivered in such manner that no physical distribution of the Bonds will be made to the public, and the Depository Trust Company ("DTC'), New York, New York, Initially will act as depository for the Bonds. DTC has represented that it is a limited purpose trust company Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a "clearing agency" registered under Section 17A of the federal Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Issuer accepts, but in no way verifies, such representations. The Initial ~J Bond authorized by this Ordinance shall be delivered to and registered in the name of the Purchaser. Hower, it is a condition of delivery and sale that the Purchaser, Immediately after such delivery, shall cause the Paying Agent/Registrar, as provided for in this Ordinance, to cancel said Initial Bond and deliver In exchange therefor a substitute Bond for each maturity of such Initial Bond, with each such substitute Land to be registered in the name of CEDE do CO., the nominee of DTC, and it shall be the duty of the Paying Agent/Registrar to take such action. It Is expected that DTC will hold the Bonds on behalf of the Purchaser and/or the DTC Participants, as defined and described in the Official Statement referred to and approved in Section 14 hereof ((he "DTC Participants"). So long as each Bond 4 registered In the name of CEDE & CO., the Paying Agent/Registrar shall treat and deal with DTC in all respects the same as if It were the actual and beneficial o-Aner thereof. It is expected that DTC will maintain a book entry system which will identify beneficial ownership of the Bonds by DTC Participants In Integral amounts of $5,000, with transfers of ownership being effected on the records of DTC and the DTC Participants pursuant to rules and regulations established by them, and that the substitute Bonds initially depot led with DTC shall be immobilized and not 21 h;O~tUa Flo r ` - ! ' aganCa I lonL~s.»„~~~,~ be further exchanged for substitute Bonds except as hereinafter provided. The Issuer not responsible or liable for any functions of DTC, will not be responsible for paying any fees or charges with respect to its services, mill not be responsible or liable for maintaining, 1 supervising, or reviewing the records of DTC or the DTr Partkipants, or protecting any interests or rights of the beneficial owners of the Bonds. It shall be the duty of the Purchaser I and the DTC Participants to make all arrangements with DTC to establish this book-entry system, the beneficial ownership of the Bonds, and the method of paying the fees and charges of DTC. The Issuer does not represent, nor does it in any way covenant that the initial book. entry system established with DTC will be maintained in the future. The Issuer reserves the right and option at any time in the future, in its sole discretion, to terminate the DTC (CEDE & CO.) book-entry only registration requirement described above, and to permit the Bond: to be registered In the name of any owner. If the Isuer exercises its right and option to terminate such requirement, it shall give written notice of such termination to the Paying Agent/ Registrar and to DTC, and thereafter the Paying Agent/Reptrar shall, upon presentation and proper request, register any Bond In any name as provided for in this Ordinance. Notwithstanding the initial establishment of the foregoing book-entry system with DTC, if for any reason any of the originally delivered substitute Bonds is duly filed with the Paying Agent/Registrar wish proper request for tramfer and substitution, as provided for in this Ordinance, substitute Bonds will be duly delivered as provided In this Ordinance, and there will be no assurance or representation that any bookcntry system will be maintained for such Bone's. Section 15. SALE OF INITIAL BONDS. The Initial Bond is hereby sold and shall be 1 delivered to as representative of the underwriters, in accordance with the Bond Purchase Contract dated the date of this meeting and presented to the City Council of the City at this meeting. The Mayor of the Issuer is authorised and directed to execute, on behalf of the Issuer, said Bond Purchase Contract In the form and substance submitted at this meeting. { Section 16. OFFICIAL STATEMENT. An Official Statement dated as of the date of this meeting has been prepared in connection with the sale of the Initial Bonds and the Bonds, in the form and substance submitted at this meeting. Said Ofliclal Statement and any supplement or addenda thereto have been and are hereby approved, and their use In the offer and sale of the Bonds is hereby approved. It is further officially found, determined, and declared that the, statements and representations contained in said Official Statement are true and correct In all material respects, to the best knowledge and belief of the Issuer. The distribution and use of the Preliminary Official Statement dated May 25, 1993, prior to the date hereof is hereby ratified and approved. Section 17. REFUNDING OF OUTSTANDING BONDS. That concurrently with the delivery of the Initial Bonds the Issuer shall deposit an amount from the proceeds from the ± sale of the Initial Bonds, with as Escrow Agent, sufficient, together with other available amounts, to refund all of the Outstanding Bonds in accordance with Section 7A of Vernon's Ann. Tex. Civ. St. Artkle 717k, as amended. The WL`er hereby authorizes the execution of the Escrow Agreement dated as of June 1, 1993 between the Escrow Agent and the Issuer. The Mayor of the Issuer is authorized and directed to execute, on behalf of the Issuer, said Escrow Agreement in the form and substance presented to this meeting. It is hereby found ar,d determined that the refunding of the 22 - - - ~eadatJo r C'~ 7 ~ AOs~dalte DalA_ ~r! ? Outstanding Bonds is advisable and t1ec:essary in order to restructure the d`ebt'sc'rvice requirements and procedures of the Iss ier, and that Ike debt service requirements on the Bonds will be less than those on the Outstanding Bonds, resulting In a reduction in the amount of principal and interest which otherwise would be payable both on an actual and a present value basis. Section I& FURTHER PROCEDURES. The Mayor of the Issuer, the City Secretary of the Issuer, and all other officers, employees, and agents of the Issuer, and each of them, shall be and they are hereby expressly authorized, empowered, and directed from time to time and at any time to do and perform all such acts and things and to execute, acknowledge, and deliver in the name and under the corporate scar and on behalf of the Issuer ail such instru. merits, whether or not herein mentioned, at may be necessary or desirable In order to carry out the terms and provisions or this Bond Ordinance, the Bonds, the sale of the Bonds, the Bond Purchase Agreement, the Errow Agreement and the Official Statement; and the Director of Finance of the City shall cause the expenses of Issuance of the Bonds to be paid from the proceeds of sale of the Initial Bond. In case any officer whose signature shall appear on any Bond shall cease to be such officer berore the delivery of such Bond, such signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the some as if such officer had remained In office until such delivery, 23 .f..r rlff• I f1 {$3 CITY =t~ COUNCIL ~I °p Dt O~'a w 4 ~ 0 Gpp a e e ~ Q~0 p~° H ~ It TM: TT i 3 _U "A NO A41n~11Nm CITY COUNCIL REPORT FORMAT Date TO: Mayor and Members of the City Council FROM: Lloyd V. Harrell, City Manager DATE: May 27, 1993 SUBJ: Interlocal Agreement Between the City of Denton and r the City of Roanoke for the Holding and Disposition of cats and dogs. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends the adoption of the resolution. The agreement states that the City will provide certain services to the City of Roanoke for the impoundment and disposition of animals brought to the City from the City of Roanoke. The City will hold these animals for ninety- six (96) hours if not claimed by an owner. At the end of the ninety-six (96) hours the animals will be euthanasized or put up for adoption. The City will hold animals that are possible rabies suspects for ten (10) days. The City will remove and ship the heads of rabies suspects for testing by the Texas Department of Health. For these services the City of Roanoke agrees to pay the fees set forth in the agreement. Six dollars ($6.00) per day per animal being held for the owner to claim. Seven dollars ($7.00) per day per animal being held for rabies observation. Fifteen dollars ($15.00) for each animal euthanasized. Thirty-five dollars ($36.00) for each decapitation and shipment. i { Agenda No~~IJ~ Interlocal Agreement Agenda,IerrL:, Page -2- We- LIS, This is the first time that the City of Roanoke has requested an interlocal agreement for these services. The fees to be charged to the City of Roanoke are the same as those paid by Denton County and The City of Corinth. Both of these entities havo had interlocal agreements with us for several years. Denton County has been contracting with us since March, 1967. The City of Corinth first entered into an agreement with r us in October, 1991. The animals which W11 be brought to us from the City of Roanoke will not cause a condition of over crowding at the animal control facility. PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENTS OR GROUPS AFFECTED: Animal Control Division City of Roanoke FISCAL IMPACT: It is estimated that the revenue from this program will be approximately five hundred dollars ($600.00). Respect lly submitted: Lloyd Harrell City Manager Prepared by: Z6~ Az Nonie Malo-.Tull Environmental He th Services Manager Approve by BtL oK an Executive Dior Municipal Barvices/Economic Development i E: NMOCf WCUMAN W. ORC AQA+IdB No ._._.1.`~ 1 Agenda ll'eR_ y. We ( ;__;5._ I RESOLUTION NO. A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF DENTON TO EXE- CUTE, ON BEHALF OF THE CITY OF DENTON, AN INTERJACAL AGREEMENT WITH THE CITY OF ROANOKE FOR THE PROVISION OF SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF DOGS AND CATS FOR THE CITY OF ROANOKE; AUTHORIZING CITY PERSONNEL TO COLLECT FEES ASSOCIATED WITH ALL IN- TERLOCAL AGREEMENTS FOR SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE CITY PURSUANT TO SAID AGREEMENTS; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the City of Roanoke desires to obtain impoundment and disposition services for dogs and cats for the citizens of Denton County; and WHEREAS, the City of Denton has facilities and personnel train- ed to provide these serviced and WHEREAS, the City of Denton maintains these type of agreements with other local governments; NOW, THEREFORE, THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY RESOLVESI SECTION I. That the Mayor of the City of Denton is hereby authorized to execute on behalf of the City of Denton, Texas, an interlocal agreement with the City of Roanoke for the provision of services associated with the holding and disposing of dogs and cats for the City of Roanoke, a copy of which is attached hereto. SECTION II. This resolution shall take effect immediately from and after its passage. PASSED AND APPROVED this the day of , 1993. BOB CASTLEBERRY, MAYOR ATTEST: JENNIFER WALTERS, CITY SECRETARY BY: APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM: By. BRA A. DRAYOVITCH, CITY ATTORNEY r 1 1 +gendaNo AgvUa~t";_ S lbts THE STATE OF TEXAS >c IHTFNLOCAL CUUYERATIUN AGREEKENT COU.iTY OF DENTON WHEREAS, the City of Denton, Texas and the City of Roanoke, Texas are both local governments with the authority and power to contract) and WHEREAS, the City of Denton is engaged in the services of holding and disposing of dogs and cats for the benefit of the citizens of Denton) and WHEREAS, the City of Denton is the owner of certain facilities and equipment designed for the holding and disposition of doge and cats and has in its employ trained personnel whose duties are related to the use of ouch facilities and equipment) and WHEREAS, the City of Roanoke desires to obtain impoundment and disposition services for doge and cats rendered by the City of Denton, as more fully hereafter described, for the benefit of the residents of the City of Roanoke, Texas and WHEREAS, the provision of impoundment and disposition of dogs and cats is a governmental function that serves the public health and welfare and is of mutual concern to the contracting partieal and WHEREAS, the City of Roanoke and the City of Denton mutually desire to be subject to the provisions of Texas Government Code, Chapter 7910 the Interlocal Cooperation Act and contract pursuant thereto) NOW, THEREFORE, the City of Roanoke and the City of Denton, for the mutual consideration hereinafter stated, agree as followas I. A. COVENANTS OF THE CITY OF DENTON 1. Holding of Doge and Cats. The City of Denton agrees to accept and hold dogs and cata lawiully impounded by authorized representatives of the City of Roanoke and to accept and hold dugs and cats brought to and released to the Center from the residents of 'he City of Roanoke under the following terms and conditional (a) Holding Period for Doge and Cats. The City of Denton agrees to hold such dogs and cats for a period of ninety-six 496) hours from the time they are accepted by the Animal Control Centor, unleas such animal is released to the Center by the { I f 'Gonda No / AgendalleM Dare - (PAGE TWO OF FIVE) animal's owner, in order to allow the ownera of j the impounded animal a reasonable awru.it of time to reclaim the impounded animal. If the animal la no. 1 reclaimed within the ninety-aix (S6) hour period, the ownership of .he animal shall revert to the City of Denton and the animal w11 be held for adoption or humanely destroyed. Animals wil be r~ hurnanely destroyed or placed for adoption at the discretion of the Animal Control Supervisor. (b) Holding Feea fur Impounded Dona and Cate. For the - purpose of this Agreement, the City of Denton will charge Six Dollars (96.001 per day holding fee for each day that as animal is held at the reenter. In determining the meaning of the term "animal," as used herein, it is agreed that a pregnant animal which has its litter while being held, or an animal which is nursing its litter and is being kept in the same cage, will be considered one animal for the assessment of charges provided for in thia Agreement. This fee will be asaeseed against the owner of the animal at the time the animal is reclaimed. No animal will be released until all applicable fees are paid in full. I (c) Holdfn i of Quarantined Animala. T..a City of Denton agrees to accept and hold rabi~. suspects in quarantine for the City of Roanoke when conditions permit, and ouch action is authorized by a r&presentative of the City of Roanoke. (d) Holding Fees for Quarantined Animals. The holding fee for quarantined animals shall be Seven Dollars (97.00) per day for each day that the animal to held. (e) Head Shipmentc and Rabies Testing. Upon sequeat of the City of Rnenoke, the City of Denton will provide for the removal and shipment of heads of rabid suspects for clinical rabl,es touting at the Texas Department of Health. The fee for this service shall be Thirty-Five Dollave (935.00) for each head shipped. 2. The City of Denton agrees to requeat residence information from a person bringing or releasing animals to the Center in order to verify their residence in the City of Roanoke. This requested information shall include) (a) The person's address and teleph-tne number) and (b) The person's acknowledgement of hie/her residence being in the City of Roanoke. f C Agentla!t~ f ~ (PAGE THREE OF FIVE] B. COVENANTS OF THE CITY OF ROANOKE 1. Financial Responsibility. In order to reimburse the City of Denton for itu coats incurred under this Agreement, the City of Roanoke. agrees to pay for the holding fees and euthanasia fees on dogs and cats received from the City of Roanoke or its authorized agent if the animal(s) is not reclaimed by the owner. These fees will be .iasesaed on the following basisi (a) Euthanized Animal 66. ` 00 per day holding fee for each animal as f determined herein. (b) Adopted Animal 66.00 per day holding fee for ea.K animal as determined herein. (c) Hetd Shipments - 835.00 shipment fee. 2, The City of Denton will collect impound fees duly authorized by the City of Roanokt, and ab specified in this paragraph from the owner9 of dogs and cats received from the City of Roanoke. Impound fee monies will be applied to fees owed the City of Denton by the City of Roanoke for animals not reclaimed by the owner. IMPOUND FEE let Impoundment - 420,00 2nd Impoundment - 630,00 3rd Impoundment - 645.00 4th Impoundment - 467.00 3. The City of Roanoke agrees payment shall be made within forty-five (45) days of receipt of invoice by the City of Roanoke. II. The City of Denton agrees to and accepts full responsibility for the acts, negligence, and/or omissions of all of the City of Denton's employees and agents, the City of Denton's subcontractors, and/or contract laborers doing work under a contract or agreement with the City of Denton in performance of this agreement with said City of Denton. The City of Roanoke agr&ea to and acceptu full responsibility for the sets, negligence, and/or omissions of all of the City of Roanoke's employees and agents, and the City of Roanoke's subcontractors and/or contract laborers doing work under Date r 5 {PAGE FOUR OF FIVE) an agreement or contract with the City of Roanoke in performance of this agreement with the City of Denton.. It is further agreed that if claim or liability shall arise from the. joint or concurring negligence of both parties hereto, It shall be burne by them comparatively in accordance with the lawe of the State of Texas. This paragraph shall not be construed ea a waiver by either party of any defenses. available to it'under the laws of the State of Texas. It is understood that it is not the intention of %he parties hereto to create liability for the benefit of third parties, but that this agreement shall be for the benefit of the parties hereto. III. The fact that the City of Roanoke and the City of Denton accept certain responsibilities relating to the collection and impounding of dogs and cats under this agreement as a part of their responsibility for providing protection for the public health and welfare and, therefore, mikes it imperative that the performance of these vital services be recognized as a governmental immunity shall be, and it is hereby invoked to the full extent possible under the law. Neither the City of Denton nor the City of Roanoke waives or shall be deemed hereby to waive, any immunity or defense that would otherwise be available to it against the claims arising from the exercise of governmental functions. IV. The term of the Agreement shall be for a period of one 11) year, commencing so of May 1, 1993 and ending May 1, 1994. Thereafter, this Agreement shall be renewed for successive additional one 41) year terms commencing on May 1 of each year if the City of Roanoke and the City of Denton agree in writing on or before the first day of May to a successive term and the amount of consideration to be paid hereunder for each successive term provided, however, either party may terminate this Agreement, upon thirty 13) days written notice to the other. V. This Agreement represents the entire and integrated agreement between the City of Denton and the City of Roanoke and supersedes all prior negotiations, representations and/or agrecements, either written or oral. This Agreement may be amended only by written instrument signed by both the City of Denton and the City of Roanoke. VI. This Agreement and any of Ito terms or p.ovisione, as well as the rights and duties of the parties hereto, shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas. I V60Q No. [PAGE FIVE OF FIVE] VII. In the event that any portion, n b e c o n t r a r y t o l a w , i t i s th e ' iofttenthisof Agthereepmentti es a at,ahellr e be found .o to that r the remaining portions shall renain valid and in full force and effect to the extent possible. r ~ VIII. The undersigned officer and/or agents of the parties hereto are the properly authorized officials and have the necessary authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of the parties 4 hereto, and each party hereby certifies to the other that my necessary resolutions extending said authority have been duly passed and are now in full force and effect. EXECUTED in duplicate originals this the ~ day of CITY OF DENTONt + BY------- r M a y 0 A ATTESTS_ city Secretary APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM t by t -{~~~.•-.~,n rj_, ljp~Q F38ISt&nt Cr Sty Attorney CITY OF $OANONEt ' By l //'.r~~i / J Mayor I ATTESTS City Secretor APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORMS By I~ City Attorney i h I ,.aw sage, aaec~ } _L 1 is I iliffff - { i t - S. , J i 1 A _i a I I e t 1 1 •a.. 1 D APO$P1, r o- - I CITY OI DEN"N, r"AS MUNICIPAL BUILDING / 215 E. MCKINNEY / DENTON, TEXAS 76201 I MEXORANDUX TO: Lloyd V. Harrell, City Manager FROM: Harlan L. Jefferson, Director of Treasury Operations DATE: June 2, 1993 SUBJECT: DELINQUENT TAX COLLECTION ATTORNEY PROPOSALS 1 As yoit are aware, we received three responses to our Request for Propoi:al (RFP) for Delinquent Tax Collection Services. The firms that ,submitted their proposals made presentations to City Council during the June 1, 1993 work session (i.e., Heard, Goggan, Blair E Williams; McCreary, Veselka, Bragg & Allen, P.C.; and, Perdue, Brandon, Fielder, Collins 6 Mott, L,L.P.). To assist the City Council in their evaluation of the proposals, I have attached copies of the charts used during the firms' presentations (See Attachment A and B) . In attached a list of strengths and weaknesses for each proposal (see we hav Attachment Q. Copies of the proposals have been submitted under separate cover. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. J HJi lb ALtachments AFF00633 1 i I 81715668200 D/FW METRO 434.2529 Attachment A gridiNt;.~ 4genda'te ~ ` ~ - . A Presentation to Collect Ve_~ ~1-3 Delinquent Ad Valorem Taxes for the CITY OF DENTON r~~r MB&-%Vl Submitted by Heard, Goggan, Blair & Williams Attorneys at Law 326-0 Fast McKinney 2323 Bryan Street, Suite 1720 Denton, Texas 76201 Dallas, Texas 75201 (817) 383.4460 (214) 880-0089 (800) 441-0960 &1d Curtis M. Loveless Mike Gregory Attorney at Law Attorney at Law 218 North Elm 303 N. Carroll Clvd, Ste. 200 Denton, Texas 76201 Denton, Texas 76201 (817) 383.1618 (817) 387.1600 Julie, 1993 Attachment A, ~ontin e 10941 N0 r Cj Awda It ti CITY OF DENTON CURRENT YEAR TAX COLLECTION PERCENTAGES LEVY PERCENT 1985 levy as of 9!86 96.62% 1986 levy as of 9187 96.97% 1987 levy as of 9188 96.30% 1988 levy as of 9189 97.11% 1989 levy as of 9/90 96.60% 1990 levy as of 9/91 97.07% 1991 levy as of 9/92 97.78% DELINQUENT TURNOVER TO HGB&W TURNOVER TAX TURNOVER CHANGE IN DATE YEAR AMOUNT TURNOVER July, 1986 1985 $533,428 July, 198? 1986 649,054 11.1.86% J July, 1983 1987 755,923 16.47% July, 1989 1988 747,340 <1.14%> July, 1990 1989 597,310 <20.08%>~ <43%> July, 1991 1990 552,676 <7.4796 > July, 1992 1991 433,010 <21.65%> AttacterVago con' t~ Ab enda lte. I Date. CITY OF DENTON Turnover /Collections Comparison Thousands 1000F-- 800 J 600 400 200 7/86 7/87 7/88 7/89 7/90 7/91 7/92 Turnover Collections AttaCkww. con'tC~*~. Agvdal;errt Daf9_S' S C'~' l CITY OFF DENTON Delinquent Tax Roll By Property Type Total Due As of April, 1993 ~1,789,l71 Real Property 3356 $587,142 Personal Property 52% Mobile \ \I\\„ $937,123 \ \ 5% Homes \ \ \ 15284,906 t; '\14 Attachment A, cont. vanda AQenda i!e We - c; cc CITY OF DENTON Delinquent Tax Roll Base Tax + Penalty & Interest Total Due As Of April, 1993 $1,7897171 $233,325 13% Pending Lawsuits \ \ 22% Bankruptcy Uncotlectible$395,163 $299,680 17% \\V,\\~\ Exempt Property 5% $86,786 ~4% Other $247,126 Judgments 9% (includes BPP and Mobile 8nme accounts that are ■Ithln the statute (if limitations but are $165,167 no ionler on the current lax toll) ~ D% Peterbilt $361,924 • Delinquent tax 1011 Includes 1701.711 part the statute at limltatlans. this amount 71 Ineluded In the Pending lawlalll Bankruptcy, Vncolleetlbie. Peemol and Judgment accounll Attachment A, co 't, t Agendalte-% DENTON ISD Delinquent Tax Collection Results Twelve Month Comparison thousands r - 1600 $1,468,290 (11896) f 1400 $1,246,131 (100%) 1200- 1000- 800 600\\,\\\ 400 - 200 1/91-12/91 - - 1/42-12/92 McCreary HGB&W Increase recognized by Denton ISD • $222,159 i Attachment A, con't. DENTON OFFICE AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Apends fro 1 ' S }rq _ Agsndalle~I--~'-1 ~ - IIGBW DENTON OFFICE SINCE 1986 late EMPLOY DENTON RESIDENTS UTILIZATION OF DENTON VENDORS AND SUPPLIERS OVER $400,000 SINCE 1986 DENTON OFFICE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT: • DENTON CILOIBER OF CONMIERCE • SPECIAL OLYMPICS • TWU COOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM • DENTON ISD CERTIFICATF. OF APPRECIATION AND i PARTICIPANT IN THE DENTON ADOPT-A-SCIIOOL PROGRAM i 0 DARE PROGRAM • UNITED WAY OF DENTON e DENTON JAYCEES - ANNUAL CIULDREN'S CIIRISTMAS FESTIVAL ' • DENTON HOLIDAY FESTIVAL ASSOCIATION 0 DENTON FIRE DEPARTMENT - FIRE SAFETY AND PREVENTION PROGRAM i ASSOCIATION WITH TWO DE:NI'ON LAWYERS - AIIKE GREGORY AND CURTIS LOVELESS ' i Attachment A, co1n3t. geodalr'0 -_Lw ~ CI c11 Agenda llanl. f`, fete` (I C, L REASONS TO STAY ~VMI HEARD, GOGGAN, BLAIR & WILLIA111S CURTIS LOVELESS AND NUKE GREGORY LOCAL. INVOLVEMENT • COMBINES IIGBW STATEWIDE COLLECTIONS EXPERTISE WITH LOCAL. ATTORNEY IN VOLVENLENI' • ILGBW DENTON OFFICE SINCE 1986 • $400,000 SPENT IN DEN3'ON PERFORII'IANCE • $4,665,709 COLLECTED SINCE 1986 • 1027 LAWSUIT'5 FILED 175% RESOLVED • AGGRESSIVE BANKRUPTCY AND FEDERAL AGENCY COLLECTIONS CONTINUITY • NO RISK IN REVENUE LOSS • NO DISRUPTION IN PROGRAM 0 EFFECTIVE REL.ATIONSIUPS MAINTAINED Atta&vent A, con't. Heard, Goggan, Blair, & Williams Delinquent Tax Collection Process aoerca;;err,i No Response Problems Retum Mail Research I No Response Pnsbkms Retum Mail No Response Next Cycle I i 1 I I Attachment C COMPARISON OF DELINQUENT TAX COLLECTION PROPOSALS irsmo, 000MI RL R A vILLIAMB Ag9ntla~! S 7 . Qale_..c"'_.c~_~.! z_ Strenathet / • Large statewide firm e Existing delinquent property tax collection software and hardware e Extensive amount, of experience in delinquent tax collection s Practice limited to ad valorem tax law e Has local office e collects for Denton independent School District e Performance criteria established Reaknesus ~ e Main offices in Dallas and San Antonio e Reputation because of adverse publicity ■cCANA"t 96SZ=e SRAM i AUJXr P.C. Strangthso e Large, state wide firm e Existing delinquent property tax collection software and hardware e Extensive amount of experience in delinquent tax collection e Practice limited to ad valorem tax law a gas local office with four employees e Collects for Denton County Ne ems s Unfamiliar with City of Denton staff and operations e No programing staff (relies on outside consultant) e Main office in Austin Psnooa, BWDwf, IZBW O COLLIES s Morn At"na u+ e Large statewide firm e Rxlstlrg delinquent property tax collection software and hardware e Extensive amount of experience in delinquent tax collection s Prsetice limited to ad valorem tax law m2Aka AM S e Unfamiliar with City of Denton operations and staff e No local office, office in Arlington e No performAnce criteria Mof A1foo61A t y ,z. r~ 1 M t ~ !0.~. r~ • f w ~ ~ti _ • i I l I , 1 ' 0 • ` 1 HANDOUT TO COUNCIL 6-8-93 CITY OF DENTON. TX GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS REFUNDING SUMMARY JRWL02 Princigai$13 315 OOQ Refunded Principal Series 'BS 6,385,000 Series '67 1,400,000 Series'88 2,000,000 Series 189 2,000,000 Serles'87 CO 225,000 Series'81 CO 150g o Total_ _ 121 r ferr Proceeds 21788 Average Annual Ssvln ...~.051 000 ai 1 PV Sav s , 519,687 AAL 1 , W- -"49r 1U'1 03 '93 04: 11 P1 1ST aN-1 KIEST 0. P. 3,3 CITY OF DENTON. TX UTILITY SYSTEM REVENUE BONUS REFUNDING SUMMARY Tax-Exem I R_etunding Minlmum'83 Bonds Tsar Exempt Taxable Refundin Refundin _ To1a , 27 085 000 6045,000 . ,33134 OOQ 4zs :cr;,.r:,t; . Prind al Refunded r.t Series '83 2, 180,02 6,730000 6i 0j Serlea '87 f3,8f 0,000 0 Series 188 1 7'50000 0 Series '89 6 800 000 - 0 '8 600 `Y4, I Total 2-4,440,000 5,7 30 000 170 Iran Pr'od 108_, f 80 v~ Annual Say' 118,000 72000 i (iroae Savln~ 2147 250 1T108,128 9 765,. PV savings 1,418, 707 720,248 Q i, &g PV % 6.80% i I D HANDOUT TO COUNCIL 6-8-93 GlTY of DENTON, TEXAS MUNICIPAL BUILDING / 215 E. WKINNEY / DENTON, TEXAS 76201 MEMORANDUM DATE: June 7, 1993 TO: The Honorable Mayor and Members of the city council THRUs Kathy DuBose, Director of Accounting & Budget Operations0 FROMs Jon Fortune, Management services Administrator SUBJECT: RESULTS OF THE REVISED 1993-94 BUDGET PRIORITIES QUESTIONNAIRE Please find attached the results of the revised 1993-94 Budget Priorities Questionnaire. As a result of the suggested modifications to the revised questionnaire, each service area is ranked according to priority of response. Also included are the responses made by individual council members regarding specific budget policy issues. The results of this questionnaire reflect the opinions of six of the seven council members. If I can provide you with additional information, please let me know. JFraf Attectunent AFF0063F 81715668200 D/F'W METRO 4342529 RESULTS OF THE REVISED 0"M CITY COUNCIL 1993-94 BUDGET PRIORITIES QUESTIONNAIRE RATINO _ VALUE NO0►INION p UMANATE CLW M' F]TOxT I FUIQTAMWI-V ILMOE RTUENr FST'OxT = IF~UfE C11xxIXf FfTORT y OLNTP(UE CURRENT FJI" T A 04MEAxE CLUF.NT Fn=T xUUTANTW 1T OIl wAw cxixrNT EF'FOa'r WrM;E NS~Y EFFmr PRIORITY CIF TOTAL AVERAGE yRESPONSE SERVICE AREA SCORE SCORE . (toLGW;7=HIGH)` Goooooo"o COMMUNITY ORIENTED FOLICINO (COPS) 33 5.50 6,40 STREET CONSTRUCFION/REBUILDING 34 5.67 6.33 FIRE PREVENTION 26 4.33 6.20 EMERGENCY MEDICAL (AMBULANCE) 26 4.33 6.17 POLICE PATROL _ 2.S 4.17 6.17 STREET MAINTENANCEIREPAIR~ 31 5.17 5.83 RECYCLING EFFORTS_ 31 5.17 S.83 GREENBELT SYSTEM PLANNINGIDEVLOPMENT 28 4.67 ]5.67 DRUG ABUSEIENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS 27 4.50 EMPLOYEE TRAININ(bDEVELOPMENT 26 4.33 FIRE SUPPRESSION 24 4.00 BICYCLEIIUKINO TRAIL DEVELOPMENT 28 4.67 5.60 LIBRARY YOUTH)CHU,DREN'S PROGRAMS 26 4.33 5,60 LFTTER PROORAMS 32 5.33 5.50 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALT'II (INSPECTIONS, ECT.) 27 4.50 5.40 LIBRARY PROGRAMS (IN GENERAL) 29 4.83 S.33 MUNICIPAL COURT 27 4.50 5.33 INFOIDATA PROCESSING SERVICES 26 4.33 S.33 CRIME INVESTIOATION 25 4.17 5.33 LOW do MODERATE INCOME HOUSINO 29 4.67 5.20 NEIGHBORHOOD SERVICES (NICE, ETC.) 27 4.50 5.20 ANIMAL CONTROL 27 4,50 5.20 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS (MANAGEMENT) 24 4.00 _ 5.20 L .ONO RANGE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING 33 5.50 5,17 CITY BEAUTIFICATION 28 4.67 5.111 DEMOLITION OF SUBSTANDARD BLDG 30 S.00 5.00 INTERNAL AUDIT SERVICES 28 4,67 5,00 YOUTH RECRIIATION PROGRAMS 27 4,50 $.00 LIBRARY EXPANSION 27 4.50 5.0) CIVIC CENTER MAINTENANCE 26 4.33 5.0) TRAFFIC S10NALIZATION/ENGINEERINO 25 4.17 5.00 LIBRARY REFERENCE SERVICES 25 4.17 5,00 WORKFORCE DIVERSITY - - 29 4.67 4.83 EMPLOYEE PAY PLAN ADJUSTMENTS/BENEFITS 26 4.33 4.83 PARK MAINTENANCE 25 4.17 4.83 r RESULTS OF THE REVISED pgyyy~ CITY COUNCIL 1993-94 BUDGET PRIORITIES QUESTIONNAIRE RATNO VALUE NOTN'O" 0 MAGNATE C%.VXFNT EF" T l 1OWTANTLULY EEDM CLWY.NT Mx*T I REDUCE CURAE TEMIT 'MTNU6 CVEXENT EPPW T 4 INWA E CVEEEn EMMT F f VKTANTWlY D1PE*m CVRIlEM Ek"? IN RUTS WW ETTOET T r PRIORITY, TOTAL AVERAGE RESPONSE SERVICEARER SCORE.' SCORE 1+LOI[IOH) LEGAL SERVICES 2S 4.17 1.83 PARKINO/TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT 3.67 4.93 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (SPAN, ETC.) 25 4.17 4.80 ECON DEV UTILITY INCENTIVE LINES 2S 4.17 4.67 STREET SWEEPING 24 4.00 _ 4.67 j DOWNTOWN REDEVELOPMENT (MAIN ST., ETC.) 23 3.83 4.67 DRAINAGE DISTRICT 27 4150 4.60 RECREATION CENTER PROGRAMS 26 4.33 4.60 LIBRARY AUDIO/VISUAL SERVICES 24 4.00 4.60 NEW PARKS/PARK EXPANSION 24 4.00 4.60 ECON DEV INCENTIVES (TAX ABATE, ECT.) 28 4.67 4.50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMAN SERVICE AGENCIES 26 4.33 4.50 ECON DEV UTILITY INCENTIVE RATES 25 4.17 4.50 PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT 25 4.17 440 WATER STORAGEIRESERVES 26 433 4.33 CURRENT )IOTEL/MOTEL TAX CONTRIBUTIONS 21 4.17 STORM DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS 4.33 ?5 4.17 4.:3 AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT 24 4.00 4.33 SENIOR CITIZEN PROGRAMS 26 133 1 17 NEW ATHLETIC PROGRAMS 24 400 400 RISK MANAGEMENT 23 4.17 3.83 HIGH WEEDS/DEBRIS VIOLATION ENFORCEMENT 28 4.67 3.67 SION VIOLATION ENFORCEMENT 28 4.67 3.67 NEW WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 23 3.83 3.67 DEVELOPMENT REVIEW PROCESS 24 4.00 _ 3.50 BUI .DENG INSPECTION _27 4.50 NEW ATHLETIC FIELDS 3.40 23 3.8) 3,00 c:u 1 cV9r EEV(11T.lY. wK ~ 199 -94 BU606T Osa#ns Below ane Vwihe achbas or &nschkao S vra to staff by indlni +ual Caux ilmembera for development of the 1993-94 annual budget. Commoots includiad in brackets were inserted by staff for clariric tion purposes. Take stepped-up action on recycling. Look at Dickson committee proposals again. Investigate current private hauling for recycling purposes. Research surrounding cities. Take leadership role in 'Vision for Denton' long range planning process and provide funds for the program. Spend more time (with Council members) in order to establish more depth of understanding oresch part of the budget. Make a thorough study of solid waste issue and develop short term and long term plans. Concentrate on developing existing Parks and Recreation facilities and fields rather than purchasing new locations. 11 support the idea of establishing a) court of record. Immediate, thorough enforcement of sign ordinance. (in regards to DOWNTOWN REDEVELOPMENT (MAIN ST., ETC.)) It seems to me we have done much downtown and mainly need to hold steady what we have accomplished. What cut we do to reduce our tax rate? e.g. What will stormwater utility do in this area? Prepare a budget holding the tine working toward a tax decrease not just below the effective rate. (My respmse to Initiate new effort In LIBRARY EXPANSION) envisions bringing system to standard, automation, etc. Provide new computer systems for Police, Fire, and Library. Take this out of the normal 1 CIP process and have council make determinations and make use of C.O.s In my judgement (regarding AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT,) we are making an effort { here that is a maximum considering Denton's resources. Accelerate hikelbike trill placating. [Increase current effort toward] more long range planning, especially with respect to outcome of economic development effort so it basis for sound policy. [Determine) what programs that can be eliminated the City has funded for several years and should stand alone, Le. Three years or more. (Conduct) thorough inventory of all city properties--with chain, etc. being numbered!I What effect would a 10% across the board decrease in each department have? (My response to continue current effort on the NEW WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT) envisions completion of current project. [I place a high priority on initiating new eft 3 for a I12 % sales tax). Gelb Ctaa 11VQL1aT,W%1 I N City of Denton 1 Avg Preliminary Solid Waste Master Plan ~z tM1 PW&W by HR Engineering, Inc. Dallas, Texas Introduction Specific Programs ■ Implementation Approach 0 Resources Required ~Z Goals and Objectives ~ Source Reduction Recycling II i ~ Composting mi Refuse Derived Fuel ~ Landfill fill Source Reduction I[D Public Information ..Don't Bag It'• Business Information m Schools Initiatives ~ Economic Incentives ~ Household Special Waste Recycling Element Residential, Commercial & Government AU Bell+lal MetoI&jPk 0O/Popor/Cfau D,~ Center yCIng qC MateAds Moket l L7 Recyckv R"dus to WMAl ` Com+OdN Cde_ clbnpow MoteAaY MaAcet H RA Composting Element Residential & Commercial CRY CONSCIM { r.,d w.ee y , @56 w `T1 t CaI.Won 0 4P.. c.Mnwow YWI W46% ft0a* to Landfll Gty tmfw A Refuse Derived Fuel Element Residential & Commercial Waste Steam 6 Power Gerolom fa My i{{i11 1A F.~ tReeldrerntlel CRyCoIk+cYar ~q~F~~01y'~0~~~~ PASION T WhR Goods r _ I Con~i»~rcial ~ W Recyclable to market QOdd A to lono I 17UI 1 i 1 I i 1 i Landfill Element Residential, Commercial & Government Residue MsIJenllal w:a FlecydeWes ~ waete Mime con""Wo l wuob walle NOOM Redd A Ste= CRY LOrKW © Q Yard Rkydow &M Wub Wool@ s r I' I ^11~ - it n vk Lr ~ ~ f ~ F ~ I ~ ~Iltr~~~I~~1Iw~Fl~lll~ll ~ tk, o u _ m o 1 O 'Ic Ali' ~N Fs I A~C E &uu $ ~ I I'1 !'i p 1"' I I ` I ` PI ij O 111 II _ w_ JA I~ " t ~ uenr.~n~~llae 0 I 1 0 I m % : 4 H _ 1 i J> 4 \ i 1, \~IIL 1iwi VF. I r -J D 1~ r Z A r 9 r ~i m p 14411 s 1 s Z O r~ a r Yp ri CIA iA '11 C F 4 m rr, r lot ig z O ITI G z Y O X51 N Z o --I DC A x $ ~ i Ln/ y I ~ +r z 00 to Ui L I ° , o 11,..... `i I A.- i 069 • i~ r , 7 rn, 7a I N, 4%p 1690 r ~.1 r•.,\ Ilk, s. Z ~ r C) ~ O I y S v O/^^ r- 44 IN r ;o - AA z IV z n } ? f ~0 r, ;o rn \'V \ I j a Y J I ~ t HAI QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE LANDFILLS For solid waste projects, it is not enough merely to deliver competent engineering plans and specifications. Given the nature of solid waste initiatives, the only measur., of success of a project is in whether the program or facility is successfully implemented permitted, built, and functioning to meet both owner and public expectations. The City of Denton is undertaking a project demanding the broadest possible expertise: that expertise must be readily available regardless of the direction the project may take int he future. But, merely demonstrating success ina variety of solid waste arenas is still not enough. Regional characteristics, public outlook, and regulatory conditions are unique to the Denton area and to Texas. The selected consultatnt must also demonstrate and ability to deliver successful solid waste projects in the local setting and under the jurisdiction of the Texas Water Commission (1WC). Finally, the old cliche, "What have you done lately?" is particularly pertinent in this case. Success must be demonstrated under the latest state and federal regulations. While it is impossible to provide information about each of our hundreds of solid waste projects, a chronological listing of solid waste projects accomplished in Texas is provided, including the type of project and permit status. This liting illustrates HDR's success in solid waste projects in Texas. It includes successful permitting of a "Subtitle D" landfill through thr new TWC Municipal Solid Waste Agency. 1 Sanitary Landfills During the past ,wenty-five years, HDR has been involved in more than 150 landfill projects. Over this period, landfill technologies have advanced dramatically, especially during the past decade. It is our commitment to not only keep abreast of these charging technologies but also to participate in their development. OUr scope of services for sanitary landfills includes, but is not limited to, the following. ■ Site evaluation and selection ■ Methane gas collection, utilization R Design and migration control r Permits ■ Preparation of bid documents for 8 Operational plans contract operation ■ Optimization of landfill space 9 Design of equipment maintenance ■ Clay and synthetic liners buildings, scales, and scale houses ■ Leachate collection, treatment, and ■ Cor • -ction management services controls ■ Cl, tnd remedial investigations The following solid waste projects have been accomplished by HDR Engineering, Inc, in Dallas during the last 10 years. 1 QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE y'er CYas PrnrJe6 -T- W N Vew d dii E{cp• npedry U'1'PYcw& NAJSiY ApppnhY Im Co W Anurdlo 5111 D UPpsdt 500 to v Ciry of Beaussor Suhurk D UPtssde 130 qd u City d Dumr lndfill SDiN in0 tpd N Ciry d Frlos Lod [oNemineW Soil Re"Wd wn MA NA Ciry of Cord Pmrs Lai n,,l 700 and NA City d "bi LNu fll slug lim pd N N,h CMW Bend R.P.C. Compmuq W IWf1I r "e m 16M Qd N NA N" CcwW Teal CDC iim W. rdid •ax plus I.fi0,IXq Ty NA N A I II Nord) Cs." Ti COO DmnmvCr lm Canidr 504 Wun Plan Ip DW yy NA NA City of Di Sold wute M.. pla 111,000 py NA NA Ciry of Midland 3oDulle D Up" 3d) pd v Pp privw Li less In Nomh Tara somAk D UPy»i kNo tyd 110 PP 1992 City d Girl W C-Piss iss mnrePtul do tim 1201 N NA i 1 Ciry of CAmalltae [AndNI lie MIuuYN1 330 qd N NA CM of MdWd LAm'11l IW.d 250 ti N NA CRY of Di LAMM ritty W pd N NA Chy of Tor City IAndfll m erdeslgn Ind rpii plan I30lpd E u NA ' I pPNq Geri Tow Cci W Ileryimsl •Aw mlvpennss Pon 1 million py NA NA + no Mri CA LAMfW r .Ksl tn"m 2300 pd E PI i firs d I..bhac~ LAtdfill Ism dalpA W lOa0u1im QAgC 100 and u NA Cky of Culim_ C"W* fli NA N NA Ciry Camp Chi LAMfll lldq 14MIPd N NA 199L co Of 6mrs - Pnlim im" aramea of ILi nmb 10 qd U NA Pant mail Cl of Owutmrmp Knoral Idd "a muulemeN plan 300,0001pd NA NA Priv d" in Nand Tow Fes of Room IAMfiO do ill and paint 4000 pd E Pp ftivi hyckv4 l ImvDgi Ory of Lubbock GmuM•ur cluncmilatsw 100 pd N V NA CMW bi Cwr.➢ d Oowviarw Rgioal Idd •aa Mwasil ess Pir Wool)1py NA NA Cory or rA it DrwMwue chuuwleuhm 700li N u PP 'dui Ceussy, CA ma C"i Wfill Immi rym01e1 W 1100 pd N Pt Dolmen Yesm MminilDral 1401 sw Imimm" 2000Ar N P City of Gu4M Canm i colossi feu Yntlry Irldp NA NA NA City of OaIW 4MNI fervlm 100 pd N m s f 5 h1l QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE 1'nr Clkrd p, a}a Ta pr N.Niv NA•paaN Na days I I Eaparrba Appikable ewrh u-cppade pl-p%r nk Imud N A A'a AMtkabla MtirmY N&A" FA-l'irtl.a Abmaduerd NoM Teen Munktpd Wax parch Mclf iatey IWfill deagNprmn 1130 tpd E Pp ' NoM Teal Munkpl Warr Dunn Murell Cm k landfill SLEA 1150 to u NA r •ml.m IMUmy It W+ Mmm Ormidraa a is NA NA NA eeduuia vmmww m City at MaeAUia UMNI mm m 300 tpd U NA I i -Varnm lvleb, LA Mwwa ncorery fudiry, f0 tpd N NA -City of Kattr Ciry ludfW M mitWq acln.IW mkr 13M yi N NA 1991 City M Cupua Clrkil LAMNI than 150104 U sil 'Sae Odic Cauy Etpia ing Pntpat fa ludfll deaga lad 7f00'Dd u PI pamiaiN 1990 City W M"pa LmMil mhircai euvkm NO Wd 11 NA `CITY of Kaar City Lti permmml wankW and v ism V4 N NA ~ I Mai Team Munklpl Wut Darn Rerlud tin denkpm m p1m Muwll Cask 1730 and u h WdNI -Clrvp Cmmy, CA Bel Canyon %mrA p4mini end dulpn 1500 W>d N pi SmIA plaltd Amcinna of Opuartraml Ra1aW 104 .w murpmet plan 165,000 p NA NA City of Taaaa City Wra-tpemiy doporl cmcat mk. 130 tpd N U L NA Cline W" MaaNrun LWlill ktiia mad Wmk 1300 qd N h Chlr of Rryu uM Cdlep Smarr bit ni" tudflll file comfkat" 100 tpd u NA Ciry of Conkasr LemfNl loan pW 300 tpd u n City of tzt(I d WW rte Ind IuWNt plueiry 130 tN N _ NA Cameron Cagy WW "a p1mmne 17D UM Wry NA NA GWf Cam WWi DkpoW Aumaity RaiaW lukfltl fmNliry 80 tpd E NA I 1919 City W Cmnkut Lud ul "Wom n and ma Omoun: upntim 100 tpd N E Pp rMllsillm dupe W pmnd _ Ciry W Lubbock IaMNi upm ite feasibility, daiin ud W 14 1001pd N E Pit C" W Ktemd Still rmme eyrun evali,a m W Nand V NA nrommrndubn Clry W Caps Cbral Sdd ruts eymau attlyin ud mm p1miN INO M NA NA City al h*14 3"a al :a Antunta Sad rAin eyiew aimrralw "rid. Imp 1000 tpd NA NA raid pWninp and impMmenaim City W Clai Mend vrti iteiarildt, id polulbn iM Atd u PA am". W pummini 1911 Citin W &M ul Cakp Smarr f.u4pp W jam m ludNl eeiry1dalia 70 eW U NA pWfittlN City W CmW LudRp tlunprduin pefmd 90 d N h TrWq Rite Ain't" Ke frsa Wiwi, Nmibility updar IM lpl N NA I I WM MaaOMM, Is4 lra'. .WiAueaa em tpd V pi QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE Yru Chem Pnl.tt Tem par N44ew NA 111 Na ill TlePudw Apoi le -Polt7 tr-t,wo,* %htWt Wud NA-MM Appl4mtq n'JNrmY hadal PA Prafeo AMandoaad CRY of Nou4ton 501d we a7nm sfwr lm 74ID4 ism N NNA and implu r city of Am laa Tmmfn 1mm awy S001pd NA 1917 Will patliM 1I dml9 40ro lpd PP Wuo mmmemam. Im. LWfdl oas mad di lla 4000 qd NA 1917 City of o lm Nurdh a w.ror nubs npaMt 1300 and u PI City of OWIm NmthaN palMfe 4mion modifil 400 tm v pl. CIry of West unlvm icy Nan Solid .w mampamen 1Ndp ISO 44 NA NA co of Ill LWfl11 dmijil 4W cod N PA Clry of AWOp Tnnro fmian dm lowpermA SOO lpd N PA Ciry d Cmllbo Sold mm muyemeh mdy 700 tpd NA NA Nor Corgmrbn UAd01l PI xu ~ Q» N Pi City d f7ranl Mire UMNI vio n im iamieb lw 300 lod N NA City of A" WNWol lrpill RY did i4 900 and N % CIry of Cl Will lp dnigmi'li M 3p Md u n 1911 City d Crod Miry Lil ll dm1pN)/mM 300 tyd a % CM of 1a111apr 1aN011 dmipNparma 70 ryd N % Chy d Auou Wmb ob mo ry fa l dal 90004 N % COT of tahm Unf111 dmgWWmN 300 Wd N Ill CMy d M.Matom Lal mW.Af bn S00 N u NA No Carpar ioR UMNI dnipd 300 tpd N n CMS of NoMad 11i noal feoll Andy 1300 4d N NA C'My or Ill !.n rql no asaloaooa 400 old; N MA 1915 MX CopoolmA Fan Wl Ul perms o l 400 cod u NA Clry of Dampe Slurry rul dm ipNmmp iw ISO did N n hdmlAg wWgpffalinu oaWry CMy of Mopilm LaadAO do lWwmd ma and V NA 4 City or Temp LAWI11 modlfimw >D did U n NaOry lldreoa, TjW LidfiN oo tWuubNmryrboa 300 Ipd N NA U410 Irma, UvNivo9l LndM hdoolm4 NA N NA 194 Wro MuoleaaMA fil Fun W" LAW11 dmllWpoi 100 and u n 6r0ilv11lel Fort Ilduloba, Ilaoa UmAll dmisviiii 1300 W d n Cky of Amlio 1'"m anion IN moctwo SW ad N NA City of Apnea Ill Nim tolenioa ud d1,od Flo >D tpd NA NA CMS K ~Y lAidOll 11o elatbe 101 a N NA I J QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE Vitt, Clod ►ra7ra Tos W N-Nrr !IAfwmY Na III LLtp.slab Appl= .Peaty Ul'pa'dr 1`14Nfmb limited NA-190 Applkabk "Nmno rwanl F.IhaJrd I AbeMmed +I Trinity Riw Autkir ydr,mV Ilmfa lm mrgy resibdl y 670 tpd N NA 1 Oraw Fnal@ II7 i [Iry of Doiaameil4 Liidfill rrrulmn 130 spd F NA City of w" fAndfill daigrip"Willumy . all doll, 1001 d N Po 1961 City of Ovlud Truurm rnitoa impmm"no! 500 tpd v NA Maih City of LAFbn fArdfll slim "mim 200 ipd L NA City of OnM MiW WWII dlb mkiniall 11% pnml 300 IN N PA City f Aiwln Wua roenryy foil oy sib mlaebn MAY 900 Od N NA City of Calling [ANrll dalgNperml 600 qd R A City of Arlington 11ttm rill doip 500 pd u NA i City of AAIk Survlxa of Sal Antarl Reflimo } mrgy ruiliry oonavdbn tid 12W pd N NA m"prila aairsi 1.0.a Conguy LAWFIII do igupaflno 000 pd N FA 1917 Trinity Rimr AudtoWyd"ing7 Rafyi onew rslW ay audy, pi I 100 tpd N NA WW Pnirk City of Auto it"wwwwba for a'Ylt-b Wgy ohub is 900 pd N NA sod "pile Cow of LAM sad lsbrad Sd'd rub 1140W plan 700 9d NA NA Cry of Wm Solid wb dispi plan 100 ad NA NA ~I Ciry of S.A Amnd gaAraoeimr y fosibd lry wady = a N NA City of brb LASN1 Via alms brand 50 pd N h I I m City of AinlA Wdfll1 daigA'parmb 500 pd a FI Cley of DiMmia t L ani MI6Npmmir 150 pd N r. h Shall Oil CampnS II ii o collection, d Moi rods NA NA NA I City of AWl Trurhr lb!ioa tiling audy 700 pd N NA DF'W Regloi Airpst Mfia9-eenag5 feriiloy wdy 50 pd N NA City of AWa Raawas rlm,ay im9lemtnarim plw 900 pd N NA 1 Ttnud Coady, Coy of Fort WWR City of N1a eoaMyk kin nevi tow" Ruiblli y AM pd N NA Mrryma M* - p S II ' OA of 10111 prgao 00 fill rd by N01 in Dills, I I I 1 ~T ~ "R QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE MATERIALS RECOVERY, COMPOSTING AND TRANSFER STATION 1 The ability to provide recycling and composting planning as well as facility permitting, design, and development sets HDR apart from any other firm in the solid waste management consulting 1 field. The firm is responsible for close to 100 programs and 30,000 tons of daily material recovery capacity, including involvement with the largest plants in the United States. The average throughput capacity exceeds 1,200 tpd or more than ten times the size of the majority of the material recovery facilities built to date. If you consider the toml daily tonnage as compared to typical capacity (100 tpd), you would fund the equivalent of YO material recovery facilities (MRFs). it A significantly greater tonnage of transfer capacity has been developed with HDR's assistance. Our transfer station projects total some 30 facilities. They vary in size from 50 to 4,400 tpd. They are located at existing landfills; over highly compressive soils; as part of, adjoining and as back-up to existing disposal facilities; in highly visible locations; in earthquake prone areas; and adjacent to solid waste management office building?. Service Philosophy Much of the firm's success can be attributed to a service-oriented approach. Our philosophy is to provide the best advice available, always considering the long-term ramifications of today's planning and design decisions. We realized long ago that our municipal clients need and deserve value beyond the present. Part of our job is to anticipate future industry developments in order to maintain flexibility in our systems. The objective is to allow for response without the redesign or recapitalization of the systems we develop. I Experience When you are as serious as we are about the long-term success of the city's solid waste program and facility, it is easy to realize that there is no substitute for experience, We are talking about technical people who have made a career from work in the solid waste management field. They wear one hat within the firm and are expected to maintain a high level of knowledge within their niche to substantiate their status as industry experts. Municipalities have a right to expect the support of solid professionals. After all, that is why they hire consultants in the first place. MULTI-STREAM PROGRAMS i With increasing emphasis being placed on recycling rates and the reduction of volumes ultimately disposed of in landfills, HDR has found that material recovery efforts should not be limited to the residential waste stream. The firm leads the industry in planning, permitting, procurement, and in a number of cases, the design of b4RFs that process multiple waste streams, The listing provided below includes specific programs, the portion of the overall waste stream addressed, plant capacity, and program status. hrR' QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE , i Multi-Stream Program Experience FacHity Piss im Stains Monmouth County, N7 Mixed, Bulky 1,700 Planning r Compost i Union County, NI Mixed, Bulky 700 Implementation Household Haz. Hartford, CT Source Sep. 120 Operating Housatonic, CT (A) Source Sep. 80 Operating Housatonic, CT (B) Mixed 400 Studied New Haven, CT Source Sq. 120 Planning Dutchess County, NY Source Sep. 73 Operating Southold, NY Mixed, Compost 168 Cancelled J Rensselaer County, NY Mixed, Compost 168 Permitting SPSA, VA Mixed, Bulky 2,000 Operating I Prince Georges County, MD Source Sep. 125 Implementation Baltimore County, MD Mixed, Bulky 1,000 Operating Compost Mecklenburg County, NC Mixed, Bulky 500 Implementation ' Source Sep. Pasco County, FL Source Sep. 150 Operating Household Haz. Orange County, FL Mixed, Bulky 500 Planning Source Sep. I Kent County, DE Mixed, Bulky 700 Implementation Muscatine County, IA Mixed, Bulky 150 Implementation Source Sep. , Compost Ames, IA Mixed, Bulky 400 Operating ' i I QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE { 1 EacilitX Process Un States Ramsy-Washington Counties, MN Mixed Bulky 900 Operating Brooklyn Park, MN Mixed, Bulky 750 Operating Source Sep. Household Haz, i Hennepin County, MN Mixed, Bulky 750 Operating Source Sep. Household Haz. Chicago, IL (A) Mixed, Bulky 1,000 Implementation Source Sep. Compost i Chicago, IL (B) Mixed, Bulky 11000 Implementation Source Sep. Compost Chicago, IL (C) Mixed, Bulky 1,500 Implementation Source Sep. Compost Richmond, CA (A) Source Sep. 50 Operating Richmond, CA (B) Mixed, Bulky 950 Implementation Source Sep. Central Contra Mixed Bulky 1,500 Implementation Costa County, CA Compost Ventura County, CA Mixed, Bulky 1,800 implementation Compost El Dorado, CA Mixed, Bulky 400 Implementation Compost San Marcos, CA Mixed, Bulky 1,700 Cancelled Los Angeles County, CA Mixed, Bulky 4,400 Planning Source Sep. Compost Facility Total = 35 Total Capacity = 32,354 Tons Per Day Preliminary April 12, 1993 Master Plan for Municipal Solid Waste HDR Engineering, Inc. 7 W • At i Mr l~ i I CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS 1 rm m N G 3 3 i f , y CITY OF DENTON PRELIMINARY MASTER PLAN I 7 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE APRIL 12, 1993 i 11 FrhtM an NcycW w 1 I April 12, 1993 Mr, John Thompson, Chairman and Members of the Publ~c U11[ty Board Denton, Texas Attn: Mr Robert E. Nelson Director of Wl1!1es City of Denton, Texas 215 East McKinney Street Denton, Texas '16201 r 1 Dear Mr. Thompson and Members of the Board: Thank you for the opportunity to submit this Preliminary Master Man for Municipal Solid Waste for the City of Denton. We have based this plan on HDR's knowledge of the current landfill and adjoining site; and our experlo" with solid waste managemeit directly for the City, for the North Central Texas CourO of Governments region, and for the Denton-Carrollton corridor. The plan reAeds the City's vision, yet it Is realistic and responsive to Denton's long-range needs. 11 also recognizes the need for the City to exercise its role In polity-making and the Importance of malntalning a certain amount of ftexlbdllty In the Impfementallon of specific programs. The Plan Is prea~xlted concisely at the beginning of the report, foil axed by a morn detailed discussion of the individual aspects of the program. Fklalty, data and beckground Information are presented at the end of the document for reference, Because this document has been designed to address the needs of various audiences, sur4ming Information Is provided so that the document Is self-contained, However, the presentation of recommendations early In the report and the highlights along the right-hand margin of the document should make it possible for a reader to grasp the plan and locate pertinent discussions without extenshre effort. We feel strongly that the ability to communicate highly technical Information effectively to a variety of audiences Is an essential element In gaining broad acceptance of a document. Broad, community-wide acceptance and support Is the key to successful Implementation of any solid waste system, particularly one as far-reaching as the one envisloned here. tt Is our Intention to further demonstrate our abghy to communicate In order to build community support, at our presentation to the Board &1 8:10 a.m. on Wednesday, ApnM 21, 1993. We are looking forward to discussing our Ideas and receiving the Board's thoughts on the work accomplished to date, Please do not hestale to contact me V you would like to discuss any aspect of this plan. We would also be happy to discuss our experience with the Implsmentatkm of numerous solid waste systems In Texas, Induding design, perrrdtting, and expansion of over 65 landfills throughout the State. We look forward to seeing you on the 21 st. I~ Sincerely, HDR ENGINFLAING, INC. Rise W- Fisher, P.E., V.P. h Project Manager HDR Engineering, inc. Suite 125 Telephone 1.1700 Hillcrest Road 214 950 4000 Da1119, TeKas 75230-20~ CITY OF DENTON PRELIMINARY MASTER PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City d Denton's Utility Board has requested that HDR Engineering Prepare a Preliminary Master Plan that addresses the City's solid waste management needs, These needs will be great in the very near term. The Man ideMhies a number of options that will allow the City to meet Its overriding solid waste management goal - to provide for the collection and disposal of all munk:lpal solid waste generated h the City, while protedhg the City's water, air and land resources. Two major Issues face the City In the next one to four years, !-Ist, state and federal landfill regulations will require significant changes In the design, operation, closure and poet-closure care of all larx fvls In the state, by October 1993. These changes will result In an increase In the current cost of landfill dsposal. The current $10 to $15 per ton disposal co" could Increase to up to S30 per ton. Secondly, the City's landfill Is antlelpated to have capacity to July 1997. This four year tlms frame Is approximately the time it will take to secure a new permit for the land being procured adjacent to the existing she. In order to expand existing capacity, action should be undertaken now to reduce the quarthlee of waste requiring disposal and to u 1L?a remelnkg space more efficiently. Such actions can Include ft following: e Implement a yard waste disposal ban or a yard waste composting program e Expand recycling efforts, especially targeting the ccnurtercW sector e Secure public Irrrolvement In source reduction and realdertlal recycling efforts e Use an altematlve cover In-place of soli at the landfill i Figure i pre"M a summary of the waste flow for Via log-term solid waste management program for the City. In the log-term, the City should consider various options for Improving the efficiency and program. Options avallable to the City Include various reefdandal source separated collection recovery rate for its recycling processed at a 100 ton per day (tpd; Intermediate procesal g center, or processing mixed waste at a 300 to 500 tpds , notarial proceaektg center/refuse derived fuel processing facility. AA of the necessary facilities, can be located at an 'Integrated waste management faclo y' at the expanded Edwards Road she (Figure 2). Other options that should be ghs!i careful consideration are inclusion of sewage sludge in the composting program, adoption of volume- or weight-based collection rates for the residential sector, and other programs described In the Plan which are designed to reduce the qu ar thles of materials requiring disposal, while recovering materiels for reuse. A n sjor Issue that will require careful consideration is how the City will secure future electric generating the potential far generaci g approximately 5 MW of electricity from waste generated In the City of DeMon. cA~d~dnfoonnall capacity could be generated through gas or coal, or the City could build a regional faciity designed to bum greater quantities of waste, thereby signKcandy Improving the economics of this option. As the Cty woks with other communhles In 19901/1994 to examine the feasibility of regional solid waste options, this aherna9ve should be given special attention. The Plan presented to the Utf ities Board is a preliminary Plan. HDR looks forward to working with the Utifhles Board and Clry staff to address various policy Issues and develop a Final Solid Waste Management Master Plan for the City of Denton l DP v,M0 nary Matta Plmt lm Gl C'7 7~ ~ 3 nCl o.n r. - A m a o' o~: o n l o. 3 ~ -1O u'ro ~n 3° n o 4 no o n nv o m e v n _ n C1 O O to ¢ R a Cl R O n- p p -.O 0 n O 0 ti N~ qp rN O - R. N N ~ Z n 1 o s I.') W U mZ , n C7 n. L 1 3 n c R O r - y oo In O , m ,a T ~ tv Q r 00V O 110 A 17J " A a ~ n 0 " n co m 21 ~ 1 'I ~tlo n o a 3 n o y rrl ~ 7 n ~ I N N a y N O O C 7 N n 0 I - I C m a A MarHl_L J - 1 c n I i~ _ .w 11 nI ~r~ Q Q _ I '1 Iql ~ k ` - O z 1 , i ~ )C, ~ F L~~lwrrlrr*I, rI~IfA~l~~~ll m xbJ p l' I v CI _ ..r . r A i r~ I A Dr 1'r:nn I i r V N I o[ c Jill rl r, M % 'go I{ IN % % Cr 1'II f EO 1 rl 1 F y i ku is )4 1 \•~\\v~~ +I 1 1 N ~ I • rl rri N t l A t o -n M ~i In CA m o31, ff $r m rrnn $ vAT/ ~ J rn F D 0 V1 Z > IX r" g z r I C4 IF-, Irlp"IT it I TABLE OF CONTENTS Exoctnlve Summary Table of Contents 1 Part 1 Introductlon i Goals and Objectives Waste Management Issues . 1.2 Reglonallssues . Part 2 Plan DeRmItion and Implemantal;on Source Reduction Program 2.2 Recycling Program . 2.10 Composting Program 2.27 Refuse BerNW Fuel Program 235 L.arKnl Program 245 Part 3 NeWs Assessment and Management AltematW$ Needs AseeeemaM , . 3.1 Waste Management Options 312 I System Comparison 331 i i f i i I Table of Figures E•1 Denton Solid Waste Management Program • . , . , , , 2 E-2 integrated Facility layout .............................................3 1.1 Projected Waste Generation • , , , , • , , 13 1.2 Denton/Carrollton Corridor - Areawide Study Area • 1-5 2.1 Source Aeductkxr Program Comparison • • , . 23 2.2 Source Reduction Program Impacts 2.5 23 Source Reduction Organizational Stricture , • • • 2.8 2-4 Source Reduction Program Implementation Schedule......... . • • • • 2.8 2.5 Source Reduction Program Budget • • . 2.9 243 Recycling Program Comparison • . 2.11 2.7 Intermediate Process Comer Flow Diagram • . 2.13 2.8 Mtxod Recycling Process Une . . • • . 2.14 2.9 Material Recovery and Rai Loading Facillty • , ; • 2.18 2.10 Recycling Program Impacts , • • 2.17 2.11 City of Demon Recycling program Recovered Materials for 1992 2.18 2.12 Recycling program Organizational Structure • , . , 2,20 2.13 Recycling Program Implementation Schedule • • • 2.21 2.14 Estimated Curbside Collection Costs . 2.15 Intermedlato Processing Center Budgetary Cost Estimates • • • • • . • • 2.23 2.18 Range of Revenues for Recovered Materials • 2.24 2.17 Composting Program Comparison • 2-28 2.18 Prelkninary Composting Facility • • • • 2.28 230 2.19 Composting Program Impacts . • • 231 2.20 Composting Program Implementation Schedule • 232 2.21 Composting Program Budgetary Cost Estimate • 234 2.22 Refuse O"ed Fuel Program Comparison • . • 238 2.23 Mies Resource Recovery System . 238 2.24 SpreaderStoker Fired Combustion System 239 2.25 Waste-to-energy Program Impacts • • • . . • • • • . • 2-40 2.28 Waste-to-energy Organizational Structure . . . 2-41 2.27 Waste•to-energy Implementation Schedule , 2-43 2.28 Refuse Derived Fuel Program Cost Summary . . 2.44 2.29 landfill location . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-47 230 landfill Conceptual layout . • • . . 2.48 231 Landfill Conceptual Elevations • • • . 249 232 Typical Subtitle D Landfill Details . • • • 2.51 233 Estimated Ouantitles of Waste Requiring Disposal • • • • . • 1 • 233 234 Landfill OrganizaVonal Stwure . • . • • • . • - • , . • • • • 2$5 235 Landfill Implementation Schedule . • • 258 238 Denton Landfill Cost Summary • . 2.58 3.1 City of Denton Location • . 3.2 3.2 Projected Population for Demon . • . . . • • • • 3-1 33 Employment Distribution • • • . 3.1 34 Sources of Waste Generation 111-111141. • • • . 33 3-5 Sources and Types of Waste Accepted at the Edwards Landfill 33 343 Annual Waste Projections • 3.4 3.7 waste Compoehbn................................................ . . 3-5 3-0 Products In the Municipal Waste Stream . • • , , , , , . 343 3.9 Estimated HHW in Denton, Tons per Day • • • • 3-7 3.10 Resklential and Commercial Solid Waste Customers , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3.8 3.11 1990 Dlslribution of Waste Customers 3.8 3-12 2000 Distribution of Waste Customaa 3.8 3.13 Recovered Material In Denton , . . . . 3-9 3.14 Solid Waste Collection Services (51000) • . . 3.15 Edwards Road Landfill Final Contours , ' , , ' , , ' 3.-11 11 3.16 Landfill Expenses 3.10 3.17 Preliminary Waste Management Programs and Technology 3-13 3-18 Source Reduction Program Implementation Issues . . . . . . 3.15 3.19 Mixed Recycling Processing Technology . , , 3.17 3.20 Loa An as County Mixed Recycling Facility 3.18 3-21 Recycling'rogram Implementation Issues . 3.1 g 3-22 Compost Program General Flow . 3.23 Implementatlon Issues for Composting ' . ' . ' ' 3.21 3-24 General Configuration for a Field Erected Mass Sum System . . 3-23 3.25 Materlats Flow Through and RDF Facility . 3.24 3.26 Implementation Issues for a Combustion Facility . . 3-28 3.27 Typ1W Subtitle D Landfill Liner . 3.28 Implementation Issues for a Landfill . 3.27 3.29 Transfer Station layout . , , . ' ' ' . ' . ' ' 3.28 330 Summary of EnvlronvnentW Issues 329 331 Material Recovery for Various Options . . . 334 332 System Reliability Comparison . 336 333 Compartson of Operational Issues . 338 334 Cost Comparison for Various Options 3-10 335 Social Impact Comparison 3.42 .I { I Append Plannlny Successful Recycling Programs The Integrated Approach to Resource Recovery Beginning with Preschoolers: A Recycling Educatlon Initlative 1 Integrated Collection: The Key to Economlcal Curbslde Recycling Pittsburg's One Bag Recycling Program The Mega-MRF New Wetlands Go With New LandAlls i Beyond the Tipping Fee • Financing Integrated Solld Waste Management Systems I I I I J I I r I I I 1 i I a • PART 1 INTRODUCTION In its July 1992 Anal report, the Denton Area Solid Waste Technical Committee recommended Thar the City of Denton develop an Integrated solid waste management capability which Incorporates waste minimization, landfill wpansion, a municipal composting facility and a material recovery laclfiy.' The recommendations presented by the Technical Committee recognize that Denton must act c6xkly and declsNely to meet current and future solid waste The Denton Solid Waste management needs. The Techrncal Committee recommandatkxs also T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e I recognize that future solid waste management acP Ales will require: (1) a recommended that the 'City of comprehensive system designed to reduce the amount of waste requiring Denton develop an Integrated disposal, pQ management practices designed to enhance the protection of waste management capabpAy,,.' water, air and land resources, and 01Q additional funds to meat the budgetary requlruments of an Integrated program. In December 1992, the Denton U%ftles Board requested that HDR Engineering, Inc, develop a Preliminary Master Plan for the City of Demon's (City) waste management needs. The Plan presented herein addressee demand requirements, and regulatory, social, environmental and budgetary Issues related to a long-term solid waste plan. I j The following Prellmknary Master Plan (Plan) outlines a course of action for Part 1: Goals and Objectives achieving the recommendations put forth by the Technical Committee. The Plan document Is presented in three parts. Part 1 Is an Introduction to the Plan. Part 1 also presents draft goals and objectives and Identifies major Isam facing Denton. Part 2 Is titled Plan Definition and Implementation. This Part addresses: Part 2: Why, When and by Whom e SpecAc program goal and objectly" e Major policy Issues that must be addressed prior to program Implementation e Specific program components and facility requirements e Program impacts on disposal requirements e Organlzetiond Issues e An Implementation schedule, and e Projected program coats. This sectk n Is intended to Identify why spaclfic programs are recommended, when they should be Implemented, who should Implement them, and what resources are required to accomplish program objectives. Implementation of an krtegrated program will require that Important decisions Part 3: Background be made by City stall and elected of ic{ds. Part 3 of the Ptan presents background data and Information addressky: (1) the CAy'e long-term solid waste management needs, (i) available solid waste management alternatives, and pig Institutional Issues that must be considered when implementing an Integrated waste management program. OOAIS AND OBJECTIVES The City of Denton ham the responsibility to provide for the collection, treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by Denton's residents, City of Dalton t •1 Prr&dmary Master Plan businesses, Industries and lnstltutlons. These activities must be accomplished while protecting the area's water, air and land resources. Local governments across the nation are finding that In order to achieve their goals and meet regulatory requirements, a long-term program Incorporating source reduction, recycling, composting, waste-to-wwgy conversion and landfill disposal Is required. The following program objectives define evaluation cnheris for selecting specific programs for Implementation. e Protection of the environment City must address long term goals and objectives, resource e System rellebillty allocation, organizational structures and Implementation e Minimal fiscal Impacts timetables. e Social acceptance e Recovery of resources e Recovery of energy WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES There has not been a time In recent years when solid waste planning is more law"; Important for the City of Denton. The following events will significantly after the mariner In which waste is collected, processed and disposed for the next Control over waste stream decade and beyond. Four years remaining capacity 1 In 1902, 227,301) cubic yards (75.nO tone) of solid waste were delivered to the Edwards Road Landfill for disposal. This amount will lncrsass to Federal and state regulations approxknately 366,891 cubit; yards In 1903 (77,100 tons) due to the City's control over the entire wmnwcW waste stream. Prior to 190, Source reduction, recycling and the City controlled approximately two-thirds of the commercial waste composiktg stream. The amours of waste requiting either procesektg or disposal Is anticipated to ktarease to 466,706 cubic yards (91,800 tons) by the Impacts on City's overall budget year 2000. Figure 1.1 presents projected base case waste quanthlee for the 30 year planning period, as wed as waste composition and Need for additional electrical sources of waste. gw*mting capacity 2 Under current waste managenwnt practices, the Citys Edwards Road tandfdl has an estimated four years remaining capacity. The Cky now has the option to purchase 146 acres of land adjacent to tM current site, howewr, the eaimsted time for securing a solid waste Iarxn permit Is between three and five years. Action must be initiated now to extend the capacity at Edwards and secure a permK lot the new area. 3 Effective October 9, 190, federal and state regulations will require significant chwges In the design, operation, closure and post-doaure care of mwkJpal solid waste landfills. These regulations will affect sxlstktg, as wed as now tandfill facilhlus, 4 State policy makers are now conakledN the adoption of a number of requirernerte related to source reduction, recycling, and oompostktg. These decisions could override local decisions regarding how waste Is collected, processed and disposed. In addhkx% Owe is increasing ®PCitynllomfinm DvYy' AMaster Plant 1.2 FIGURE 1.1 PROJECTED WASTE GENERATION ~4 ~11 T'%¢Y 4 ~fF ~,~11 JLi FV ~ l ll l xl1~t, 900,000 O w6 Z} 0.2 600,000 ~V 300,000 t 1 0 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 i i h1 rxls YAAb NLA31 ES i,1; 8% K TOTAL . 395,900 5993 PROJECTED WASTE COMPOSITION SOLID WASTE VOLUMES (by weight) (cubic yards delivered) 13 1 pressure from the general public to Implement reduction and recycling programs as a means of improving local errvirorvnertal conditions. This pressure Is likely to Increase as the City prepares to procure additfonai land for municipal solid waste olaposal. 5 The changes mentioned above will have a serious Impad on the City's overall budget. In order to reduce these fiscal impacts, decision makers will have to carefully examine the costs and benefits of every aspect of the waste management program. a The Denton Wiry Board anticipates a need for additional electrical generating capacity. Denton will have to make the choice whether to participate In the next Texas Municipal Power Agency (rMPA) gww@&g unit, construct Its own generation, participate with another utility; or purchase firm power, if Demon decides to construct Its own generating capacity, it may be possible to utilize solid waste as a fuel source for genwation of necessary power, REGIONAL ISSUES In March 190.9, the Nom Centre) Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) Denton-Carrollton Corridor contracted wfth HDR Englneering to develop 'area-wide' solid waste plans for Includes 15 cities and a local Qover►wnMte facing rear-term solid waste managamom problems. The population of 350,000. Demon-Carrolton owkkw (Figure 1-2) is one of the arese to be evaluated under this program The primary goal Is to determine If there are regional opportunities for addressing waste manegement needs, whk reducing costa and awAV the lorVenn treatment and disposal of scikd waste. Participation In an aces-wide effort may Improve Demon's abfliry to Implement programs that may not be oat-effedJve 9 Implemented by Denton alone. The NCTCOG Is currently negotiating with the Texas Water Commission (TWC) MM Crntral tear Council of iimnmenb to Ap>~ with the project. The results of this ptanntng effort will be presented Another regional laws to be considered Is that the adopted Master Plan must • be In conformance with the NCTCOG Reg" Solid Waste Management Plan. The Regional Plan addressed Iswea related to reducing household and commercial waste quamItles, Incressling market materWs educing" urnplr4 asayig treatment and d poeal of waste and k+oreasN local gwetnmert coordination. Sneed on HDR's experience In assisting with the development of the Reg" Plan, It Is our bWW that the following Prsllnk uy Mater Plan Is In compliance with NCTCOG Regional Plan. DCity Of I4 PnelurtLtary Mahar Pfmt J DENTOVCARROLLTON CORRIDOR AREAWIDE STUDYlACTION PLAN DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 1.2 .'meal ca . rui.de m Oal irr ca • v o Jv i V t F G e ].eb w 3 W%, _.i.... t M DI16. 0.1r h Y . is 4I i k mw 'AA ♦ iwMfY r 4. twYo W / - I I N PART 2 PRELIMINARY SOLID WASTE MASTER PLAN The following Plant preeerts HDR's recommendations for managing the City d D•nton's short, mid-and lorV4onn solid waste manag•rnont needs. The Plan recommendations takes into account the r•oo merdatkxe of the Denson $dld waste Management C mrnittes and comments. by City staff and the City of Denton Utilities Board. An evaluation of available programs, technologies and examples of facilities are presented In Part 3 of the Plan and In the Appsndbc The Plan is formatted to address the major owporerus of the'inlegrated solid waste management system.' Various versions of this basic approach have been accepted as resporelble methods of addresalng both solid waste management needs and citizen ooncerm The Integrated approach priorkLes the following waste management ac:*Ales. • Source reduction Management priorities favor • A"Ing minknizing disposal needs. • ComposUng • Wastado energy • Uxft disposal For each d the major Plan components, the Wowing topics are addressed. • Goele and Objectives • Major Policy Issues • Spscft Program Components • Conceptual Facility layout • Impact on the Waste Stream • OrgviutkwW loam • Regulatory Issues • Impiemsntadon Schedule • Program Cats Once the City has had an opportunity to review this Draft Plan, it is recommsndsd that discussions bslwesrt the UIN" Board, City W, the T•chr" Cownittse end HDR be corolucted to evelurets speckle program cortporenta and policy Issues to develop a Final Master Plan. City a1 ~ 2-1 L~'~(> FidirriLwry Mesta Plan 1 L(~ 1.0 SOURCE REDUCTION PROGRAM Source reduction programs have been Identified as the moat environmentally Most environmentally acceptable acceptable means of managing solid waste. Through a variety of public means of managing solid waste. education, economic Incentives and City ordinances, the City an encourage reslde s and businesses to generate leas solid waste. Fon 2-1 summarizes a variety of programs that the City might consider Implerwntleq The figure also ranks the vwkxA options as they relate to the overall waste management objectives Program Gala The goals of the source reduction program Is to reduce the amount of waste generated by residents and businesses and to reduce the quantities of potentially hazardous materials found in the waste stream. i Program Obj"Vves i e A more informed community, a greater understanding of MSW Issues, problems and opportunities for reducing the amount of waste generated e A long-term program for schools e Reduced residential generation rates e Reduced commercial generation rates e Reduced quantifies of household hazardous wastes generated e Reduced quantities of hazardous waste generated by buskw-in and Institutions Major Polley Issues e Should the City adopt a volume or weight based collection fee? e Should the City ban yard waste dlapoaal? Speoffb Program Canponenu PubNc hit in slor A cipwn: Establish an ongoing public Information program through a jolt atom Involving City Utilities Board staff, local media, school Don't board of Ball, university staff, Keep Texas Beautiful, the private sector and the Texas Water Commission. Various media such as public service ~ag It annolxtanrterta literature and special eveMS should be unitized to encourage residents and businesses to reduce waste quantities and promote a greater lawn Can Plan concern for the local environment Von? Bag r Pnopram: Promote the Texu Agricultural Extension Service's program that enooungs lawn are practices that do not result In the collection and dispoeN of lawn diggings and reeves ,;,k r T r 5*^*, tA, tow 44W Lr, o... City Of Drat"rt 2.2 ~J1ntLtary Marla n. FIGURE 2-1 COMPARISON OF SOURCF REDUCTION PROGRAM OPTIONS PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT RELIABLE COST SOCIAL RECOVERY OF EST. WASTE PROTECTION EFFECTIVE ACCEPTANCE RESOURCES REDUCTION Public Information high moderate high high NA 2.7% Schools program high moderate high high NA 2-7% Com*rcW sector high moderate high high NA 2.7% Information Waste sudlta for bu**ss high moderate moderate high NA 6.10% Economic incentlves high moderate moderate high NA 2.10% Economic disincentives high high tow moderate NA 2.10% (bag/volume. welgN rates) San on disposal of yard high high high low NA 10.20% waste Ban on disposal of HHW high moderate low low NA >1% and other materials i 2.3 I I~ BusinesslnformedmProgram: Establish a Denton Corporate RecydingCouncil to act as a forum for Information sharing and to serve as a catalyst for actlem by the private sector and maJor InstRutlons. Develop and promote a business sector waste audit program. Y " - 1 Sdroais Program. Encourage local schools to participate In the Keep Texas " Beautiful Schools/Environment Program. Work with the two local txdversltles to develop programs for encouraging solid waste reductions and recycling by unkersny students and university operations. f Economic lncen6w: Establish a residential sector volume based rate structure for solid waste collection. Evaluate the current commercial sector rate structure ' to determine N adjustments are approprlate, Evaluate the potentlel of providing + grants/loans to public Institutions to invest In waste reduction programs. Household HazaniousWaste PuUkln/orrnadonProgram: Promote allamatlves to household hazardous wastes as part of the overall public information program. Impact on the Waste Stream It Is difficult to determine what actual Impact the source reduction programs will have on the waste stream. Changing residents' and businesses' solid waste practices Is difficult to accomplish In a short time frame; many of the results achieved locally will actually be the result of Pat" efforts to reduce the The effect of source reduction amount of packagkp In consumer packaging. Figure 2.2 presents a scenario alone Is hard to quantify. where waste quantities are reduced by b to 10 pwc@M as a result of source reduction effof This range Is based on an examination of past waste generation practIcK current changes In product manufacture and Increasing awareness by consumers of solid waste costs and avallabie aitematives, t e. not collecting yard wastes. tkyaniratlenal Iscuse There are a considerable number of groups cuff ently sponsoring state-wide and area-wlde programs to encourage waste reduction. Figure 2J Illustrates how the City can Integrate their efforts with the ~a of these groups to accomplish specific source reduction objectives. Use of these groups' resources and materials will ultimately reduce the cost of the overall program. Newspapers, radio stations and television can be used to deliver the City's message thorough public service annourxemerts and coverage of special events. The Cky's access to a cable television station should also be utilized to promote source reduction strategics and promote other waste management programs. N the City kt Uoe a volume based rate, there could be an Impact on Clry collection staff. Use of semi-automated collection vehicles could reduce staff. Use of a system that relies on weighing waste will Increase collection stairs resportsUfties and the time required to complete collection routes. Imp4ff*n stfon Schedule Many of the source reduction programs described In this section are either bektg performed at this time, or can be implemented in a very short time frame rPCity rtf lrtaryM Dwmmatter Plmt 24 rrfim I FIGURE 2-2 SOURCE REDUCTION PROGRAM IMPACTS 1200 - Rasa Cam 1000 5% Reductl 5 800 s 600 r 400 200 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 YEAR ESTIMATED WASTE REDUCTIONS YEAR OASE 5% 10% CU.YARDS TONS CU. YARDS TONS CU,YARDS TONS 1991 364,165 72,833 0 0 0 0 1992 378,151 75,630 0 0 0 0 1993 385,894 77,179 3,859 772 7,718 1,544 1994 395,894 79,179 11,877 2,375 23,764 4,751 1995 405,312 81,062 20,266 4,063 40,631 8,106 2000 468,269 91,654 22,913 4,683 45,827 9,165 I 2010 $85,778 117,155 29,289 5,858 58,578 11,718 2020 748,762 149,762 37,438 7,488 74,876 14,975 2030 957 098 191 419 47 855 9 571, 95,710 19,142 sumes a p ase - n program eg nn ng in i 993' YEAR 6 10% CU.YARDS TONS CU. YARDS TONS CU.YAROS TONS 1991 364,166 72,833 364,165 72,833 364,165 72,833 1992 378,151 75,630 378,151 75,630 378,151 76,630 I993 385,894 77,179 382,035 76,407 376,176 76,635 1904 395,894 79,179 384,017 78,803 372,140 74,428 1995 81,062 385,046 77,009 364,781 72,958 2000, 468,289 91,654 435,356 87,071 412,442 82,488 2010 685,7781 117,155 556,487 111,297 527,198 105,440 2020 748.7021 149.762 711,324 142,265 673,886 134,777 2030 UST L+95 191,419, 909,241 181 848 881 386 172.2771 ® Palinttnay Mwta PJmi 2.5 - mu FIGURE 2-3 SOURCE REDUCTION ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE City :ounctl Director of Utllltles Board of Utilitlee I ~ v Denton Area Material Solid Waste Markets Tech Committee Msdla Community - Rates and Collection Services Collection Processing Public Information Economic Incentives Yard Waste Ban r--T-LF- on t Be; It Schools General Business Bliling• Section Colbotion Bac rd Composl Program Public Program AVAILABLE RESOURCES FOR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION Collection Yard Waste Texas Ap Keep Texas NCTCOG Chamber of Services Compost Extension Beautiful Commerce o~epyen.Tp Opsratloro Lawn Care local TWO Corp, ) Companies School nocy cp Boards COUn clinU LamdscaPIng UNT CampsnPof TWU 1) Dependent un whether the City constructs Yard wade collection services to campoet facrity, of aim ly bans matsrlaVill out ben reduce collection nude, and afair for collection and proosselnp, Reprosents Now Division (Figure 2-4). Public Informallon programs should be carried out on an ongoing basis to rem1nd residents and businesses of the Importance of reducing waste quantities. If policy makers adopt an ordinance eliminating the collection of yard waste, Take time to educate before there should be sufficient tkne allowed to explain why the ban Is being adopted, 1rroernaming changes. and to Worm residents of avalable alternative lawn care optlom It should be recognized that from a technical standpoint, this Is one of the more eeecthie ways landfill apace can be extended; however, it is likely from a pol*W standpolK it could take a substantial amount of time to Institute. Options for Implementing an eoonomlc Incentive program range from simply Increasing current collection and disposal rates to establishing pay per weight or voumo reeidWW rates. The establishment of pay per volume or weight programs will require an overhaul of the residential billing system, purchase of equipment that could Include portable scales, containers or collection vehicle& in addition, such programs will require political decisions to be made that will result In some level of public opposition and thereby delay knplernentation. Regulatory Issues No permits are required from state agencies for source reduction programs. If the City is to adopt either volume based fees or a yard waste ban, City Ordinances may be needed, ordinances will be required. Program Costs Source reduction programs are the me cost-effective means of reducing the Source reduction programs are amount of waste requtrkg disposal. This Is especially true when a variety of highly cost-effective. wdsting materials resources from other organizations can be used by Demon. Figure 23 presents an estimated budget for Implemmlrg the source reduction program There is considerable latitude in the actual budget requirements far these program, dependkg on the level of effort' the City wishes to put forth towards the wend program. PyeftrnLsay Harter Plwt ® City 2.7 - _p0.i 1 i= l".. rot-'_._ m, a ~ ~ o m ~ n ~ a_ ~ 'v C r, S m 5 5 . r, rt o n c ^J W rt 7 y 'h p E t 5 o S r A' - y' G ^ n rt F'u v F; F y! ` o m 107, v 2, C r i m 3 c S ~ ~ N I -,g - _ - ---.g - - - - - - ~ y 5 14 _ n a Ei 5i w FIGURE 2.5 I Source Reduction Program Budget - Constant 1993$ Budgetary Cost Estimates ($1000) Fiscal Year 11994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Public Information Program (1) Public Information Program 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 Don't Bag ft Program 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Commercial Sector Information 10 10 10 to t0 10 10 Schools Program 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 HHW Program 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Staff 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Total- 140 140 40 14 140 $140 $1401 Economic noenilve Program (represents additional revenues for City $5 per ton disposal increase (2) $378 $385 $395 $404 5414 25 35 10 Parton disposal increase 3 713 730 748 768 785 5 (1) There are both collection and disposal cost savings, depending on success of the overall program (2) Represents approArnately a 40 cent per month Increase In oollection/disposal bills (3) Represents approximately a 80 cent per month Increase in collection/disposal bills 2.9 2.0 RECY(;UNG PROGRAM Recycling Is the collection, processing and reuse of products that typically would be disposed In a landfill. Materials that are recyclable Include aluminum beverage containers, paper, glass, metals, plastics, used ol, Ursa and other comxdNies. Figure 2-6 presents a comparison of varloua recycling alternatives. Program Gal To reduce the quantities of waste requiring disposal while recovering materials Recycling Is the collection, for rouse. processing and reuse of Items. Obpcthnee • Reduced disposal requlremems at the City's landfill I • Recovered materiels for processing and reuse • Program costs maintained at a reasonable level e Expanded materiel market availability and local Industry developed for processing rexvered materials • Expanded In-house recycling and procurement programs per the re**wrw is of Texas Senate BIN 1340 e Efficient colection of materials from both the residential and commercial sectors • Efficient processing of materials collected as part of the overall recycling program Major Policy Issues • What " of focal resources should be provided for collecting recyctsbte materials? Whet Is the value (direct costs and intangibles such as WkV a now disposal site) of conserved landfill space? • Should tax or other economic lnana;we be provided to businesses to build processing or market capabilities In Denton? • What type of residential collection and procseefng system' le most appropriate for Denton (drop-off comers, buy-back centers, curbside collection with bin or beg, or processing at a material recovery facility). • What type of commercial collection system is moat appropriate for Demon? Should a catmrwrcW collection rate structure bo estebiW*d to encourage WICIpation In CommercW recycling efforts? Speolfb Program Compoftft ' The followkg dsfka the bask: elements of the proposed recycling program. DCity of Dorton 2.10 Em- PrdimLtary Matta R. FIGURE 24 RECYCLING PROGRAM COMPARISON PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL RELIABLE COST SOCIAL RECOVERY OF ESTIMATED I ROTECTION EFFECTIVE ACCEPTANCE RESOURCES WASTE REDUCTION ~ Ix) Publb kd«mation high low high iilgh low 1.3 Dr" coden high law moderate moderate low 13 Buy-back centers high low low high moderate 1-3 Curbside collection moderate moderate low moderate moderate 6.10 (curbsort) Curbetde cdlectbn moderate moderate low moderate moderate 5.10 (co-Mingled - bins) Curbside cdlecibn moderate low moderate moderate moderate 640 (co-mlrgled • bags) Commercial sector high low high high low 2.6 Wom%atlon program Commercial moderate moderate moderate high high 6.15 collectbn of dedkwod faado Mbar waste moderala moderate low moderate high 25-40 processing 211 i FuWk irdorrrrayorm Program: Encourage residents to recycle mat" :e at either the City operated drop-off centers or at private sector buy-back centers, Provide Information identifying the location of privately operated drop-off centers for used oil, automobile batteries and used tires. Encourage businesses to partlcipale In the TWC RENEW program - a program that offers a commerciat sector clearinghouse of Information for exchanging mate rlals that were previously considered waste. comers lonaf tCollectlbn hroughout then: Continue to operate and maintain chlzen drop-off related to recovery hY velop a trecycling ob)edNee collecting Materiels htom the resprogram osts, idential sector. D lns~titutte the collection for when h Is either deemed cost-effective, required per state regulations or Collection demanded by the public. EstaUlsh a commwclal collection program designed to coiled corrugated paper, dfke paper and other recyclable materials. Collection can be provided by ether providing businesses with separate containers for these materials or arranging special pick-ups of selected loads. Concentrate efforts at the two unNershtes and the Denton Slate School to capture office paper, corrugated paper and beverage containers. Ataww Proceftr v Program: Dependent on the type of collection program peso Waded, design and construct either an Intermediate processing center (IPC) Processing or a material recovery facility (MRF). It may be possible to forego costly collection aRermtlwe and meet recovery 04octives I a MRF Is buh to recover materials from the mixed waste stream, or from dedicated loads. However, there are coat, risk and market considerations that should be careNly exam4med pea to the oortsbW;on of each a facility. If an IPC Is =%struc:tod, and then, I the City builds an MRF for fuel recovery, the (PC may become obsolete. AWket DavWuloewif Program: Insthulo as part of the public Information program, a program element that encoureges the purchase of recycled and recyclable maberfale by consumers and businesses. Adopt In-house movement polcles which encourage the use of recycled and Markets recyclable materials. Evaluate potentlal grant or loan options to aeelat material market Industries to locate In Damon. khWm to recover Reroft Institute an Infiouse recycling program designed recover useoffice d In paper, atuminum beverage cwntatne s, used of, and other too materiwn bwCity operations, Currontly, the City collects office paw and Asuse alumin wage containers as pert of Its In-house program, FacAMy DeffnMon As stated, the strategy employed for cdtedlrg materials will have a signlficarn mete nca e on trn tth emti ipeh and sUo of proaaakg facility required for recovering Pfocsssing centers are designed to process source separated materials and dedicated commercial loads. The throughput of an IPC for Denton only Is approximately 100 tone per day, assuming a 25 percent racovery rate. 0 the facility were to provide regional services, additional throughput capacity can be added to an IPC fairly easily. F7guras 2-7 and 2.8 Wustrates two IPC design options; It ehontld be noted there Is slgnfAcant design ffexlblkty that allows for a blenJing of meohanlcal and mantel separation. ® City of Drn m 2.12 i'hek mk ary Mattxx Plan I II I I h FIGURE 2.7 h 1 oeLlruy a RIML+ut YIrID KYl, tORRURAr(0, L~1 IA C+N ~ MKIAL •NO NIGH GR A01 r11/R iw tlN IL~JI INtIQT10Y +A CANS Ih IN IAAAGI L• to SuITIN 1r 1 INCLISSON I IN¢MING RIMLIKIS I I LAID 09TRLEI AND CLNS 1 E ALYMIN It CM I r•►u ncC[IlOII PA CEISOR h r/r R SOIL IYG I AD ^duLl " }0 ALUMINUM AREA ~r V04AGE ?RAIL([ rM4rpl, TWO 6014 RESCUE WIN rll0 CONV004 fI TD ALMMIMuY NOIILR R[lIOL4 CONTLINIR S/nRROR fmAs" \\\1` atlff mM?YYRt A•fY, (OYI 7I/4W1 KAIT41 Oki RT, COLLMtl, AR7' DOCILE UM41Tc KRAI ' CONIAYdANTI _ WILL O.A!! L .IR ICIARAT04 LND VaL ingfic[ CLIMIN/ IYm* NI[R (GRAN: I1t1EY 1LAI1 ►IIOCtSSOR1 $CRAP 41Nf GuIIIT ALUM •LUNINw f?aAG[` ETD AACI COMMA "UN CLL1rT rm"Of I RAW CNLLn OEM[ FIRM IMAAGl p wallND NrAti CMRUG•110 RGN RtLOUI r4n4 AVrnU C rlf GR~I AND 1ALtR jTQ SfOMGLI IIN}, GREI N AND A W[41 r0 IALI 1104401 ~IY GLUI, CEIWtl~ rUIR CONVIfOR AND ►NIR T4111UR1 WRRMI D "~ED.'R CAI SI►•RATOR 1 I PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM CAE lIDUt FOR PROCESSING NEWS, 'I CORRUGATED AND HIGH GRADE PAPER PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR h PROCESSING MIXED GLASS ANO METAL CONTAINERS SOUNC[ b4au lel PeeaRrf ff4MI11, ERR, I ICURCI Rat"ce RICDrtry tylle411, Inl. 1 2.13 I f , FIGURE 2-6 DOM M1TQ101 nASS VDU CRUSH MS ►CR~OMTO~ ~1[Itl101151' 1011 i fM1CDOt11 ALUM"N iSV[UTIA ! 1 1 1. J ORIOIIR WGKT I SCRLIII ~ 4 Rb10Y[ 1 CONTIIm STATION ' PC OO SWMTpI f>~x) mi-pw COmo" MIXED RECYCLABLE PROCESSINO LINE B£ZN£R MACHINERY PROCESS SOURCEt BaNER MACHINERY ®PCuynrlWnL of D,seywMa,faa Plan 2.14 1 J J IVl f M altemallve to an IPC Is the constrtxlilon and operation of a MRF. The primary advantage of a MRF Is that a separate collection program is riot required, A MRF is designed to process MSW to separate recoverable materials from the waste stream. Non-recyclable materials can then be sent to either a waste•to-energy facAhy, or to the landfill. These are capital kitensNe systems, and unlike art IPC must be designed for the entire waste stream. Therefore, l Instead of being sized for 100 tons per day (tpd), the MRF would have to be sized for approximately 500 tpd. Figure 2.9 presents an Illustrat;on of a typical ' layout for a MRF. Impact on the Wools Stream Texas has a 1994 goal to recycle The Texas legislature established a 40 40%. percent recycling goal by the year 1994; i the TWO Clean Texas 2000 environmental program established a 60 percent recycling goal by 2000• To meet these aggressive recycl!ng goal, the City would have to implement major changes In its current waste management program. At this time, there are no laws that require local govemment actions to meet the goal. However, future legislatures may adopt regulations designed to move the state closer to the 40 percent goal. Such regulations will offed the nature of Demon's recycling program and solid waste management gets. With some excep lww aggressive r"Aing programs have proven to be Historically, recycling recovers capable of recovering approximately 25 pwcsM of the overall waste stream. 25%. To achieve these levels both reefdentlel and commercial efforts must be Implemented. FWm2.10presents pro)edadweMequantities requiring disposal ee wkV 10, 25 and 40 percent reoycling IrMs. Figure 2.11 presants the quan<hies of spoeft materials currently collected. The am A of materials that can be recovered from Demon's waste stream Is dependent on the following factors. e Level of eomnwcisl sector mgcling • This sector accounts for 68 86% of Denton's waste Is percent of the ertke waste stream commercial. e Type of residential collection service provided • Drop-off programs typlceNy recover between 2 to 10 percent of the residential waste stream while curb lde programs have boon shown to recovor 10 to 25 percent of the residential weete stream e Type of processing system utlilud e Market evel{ebility for recovered materials a Types of materials mcovemd as pat of the program a Materiel market quality rsqulrt lrAnte Orgy nisatlona l Issues I Public education ~a related to recycling programs should be closely tied to source reduction public Information efforta and many of the some groups Involved In those "a alloctid be h evolved when promo In g recycling activities. i of Current the Denton ing a Jae l" are managed by the Community Services Division Department. As the recycling program Increases In scope, it may be necessary to add additional staff to this section. AddhionaPy, D C1ry ~lk"tfon 2.15 i PnrlimLtary Master Plan f ' RGUA£ Z-! N Tl i"l-6 I i iY°Yf .~wr.e MV ✓wi-, fit(.. ._l nt_ v(. .__7 [Ill _ ] 'I 11 111 1~ If . ~ i s s h HMV Y ' V=V Nfi. i-~ C i =_3- mr w II .nW.e 1=7FA .m".Yn. I ~re + narwiw ' I , "11:7; I _c_~ n•M t. ys. 00 LOO MG - ~ _ ~ - _ Yutwa nrgwn ue wa to+na i~lour. 1IA1GgL w ~r to Ralf 9 I FIGURE 2-10 RECYCLING PROGRAM IMPACTS 1000 - -=-Basa Carte-~ 10% Recycling i $ 800 ~Z 26% Recyclmqi 40% Recycling 600 S doo oft 4-~- f I 200 I 1980 1990 u 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 YEAR ESTIMATED NIASTR REDUCTIONS YEAR OAS 1u% 0 25% 40% CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS 1991 364,165 72,833 0 0 0 0 0 0 1992 378,151 75,630 0 0 0 0 0 0 1993 383,894 77,179 8467 2,570 21,417 6,425 34,267 10,280 1994 395,894 79,179 17478 5,273 43,944 13,183 70,311 21,093 199S 405,312 81,062 27,021 8,106 67,552 20,266 108,083 32,425 2000 458,269 91654 30,351 9,185 76378 22,913 122,205 36,662 2010 583,776 117,155 39,052 11,716 97,629 29289 156,207 46,862 2020 748,762 149,752 49,917 14,973 124,794 37,438 199670 59,901 2030, 957.096, 191d Q.8061 94 47,855 255,226 7&568J 1993 racwcry ra ea ec uma a p ase - program rom to 1993 oc lore DISPOSAL UANTITIES YEAR OAS 10% 25% CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS 1991 364,165 72,833 364,163 72,833 364,165 72,833 364,163 72,833 1992 378,151 75,630 378,131 75,630 378,151 75,630 378,151 75,630 1993 383,894 77,179 377,327 74,609 361,477 70,734 351,627 66,899 1994 395894 79,179 378316 73,905 351,950 65,996 325,583 58,086 1995 405312 81,062 378,291 72,956 337,760 60,797 297,229 4807 2000 458,242 91,648 427,718 82,488 381 h91 68,740 336,064 54,992 2010 592,337 118,467 546,724 105,440 488,147 87,866 429469 70,293 2020 765,671 153,134 698,845 14,777 23,968 112,314 $49,092 89,851 1 2030 999,728, 197,946, 893,2901 1172171 797,580 A43.W. 701,870 ®Cky Of Uaeroa 2.17 Pndi,nlurty Manor Plan FIGURE 2-11 CITY OF DENTON RECYCLING PROGRAM RECOVERED MATERIALS FOR 1"2 MATERIAL POUNDS TONS PERCENT wwwnwmom~ OF TOTAL Aluminum 27,326 13.7 0.4% CPO 24,394 12.2 0 496 News 5.568.663 217&1.3 88.2% Clear Glass 395,209 197.6 6.0% i Colored Glass 237,180 118.6 3.6% Steel 58,748 29.4 0.9% Tin 158,187 78.1 2.4% White ledgw 44,877 22.3 0.7% Plastics 9,688 14 0.1% Mix 12,875 6.4 0.296 Old Wngisted oontakwro 3,800 1.9 0.1% TOTAL 8,538,747 3,289.4 100.0% Scums: City of Denton ® City of Dmlm 2.19 Pre"4, y Master Ph" lm I i I I I depending on the type of collection and processing system employed, the number of personnel required In these departments will also need to be Increased. Figure 2.12 presents the major groups that should be Involved In a City recycling effort. Implementation Schedule SB 1340 established a specfAc date of September 19W to implement In-house in-house recycling and recycling efforts and procurement policies to promote the use of recycled procurement mandated by goods. Actions should be under way at this time to address the requirements September 1993. of this legislation. - Due to the long-term knpact on the City's budget and overall waste r management system, careful examination of recycling alternatives should be undertaken. Decision makers will have to evaluate the Increased cost of recovering materials versus the kxreascd life of the landfill. Once a system has been determined, the sequence of events should Include the following: e Market Identification e Program design e Pint program Implementation (the City has already Implemented such a program for curbside collodion) e Program promotion a Program Implementation If the City decides on the construction of a MAF, TWO sold waste permits will be required. Such permits could take between two to three years to secure, Figure 2.19 presents an Implemantation schedule for the recycling program. Program Cost There Is a direct correlation between the level of funds dedicated to a recycling Generally, the higher the program and the level of recovery achieved, For example, drop-off centers recovery rate, the higher the whk:h have recovery rates of 2 to 10 percent coat approximately $25 to 975 per cost, ton of material recovered, while curbside programs which can recover between 10 to 25 percent of the residential waste stream cost between $75 to $160 per ton or material recovered. Major costs associated with a recycling program Include the loilowing: e Addkkmd collection equipment e Processing facidles e Promotional materials e Additional staff A cost competison Of a ctxbskde coiledlon and processing and MAF processing cost are shown In Figure 2.14, The net coat per ton of processing faciltles can be decreased If the able of the lociky Increases as shown In Figure 2.1 S. D CtiryFLnLta tn'b'u) Jd M0nartPr 2-19 T U Prry Al f'lRrd ~~R ,e FIGURE 2-12 RECYCLING PROGRAM ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE F City Council Director of Utilities Board of Utilities ' Denton Area F Material ii Solid Waste Markets Tech Committee E r - - f Media {i . Community Services Collection r roeess n Services " - I 8ervk~ 8 Procursmont In~trouse Ma kot Inb -adon Drop-off Cammordal RosIdemal Progrun Recycling DavoWpmont Centers RocVdng Coilaction P Material Mode ProcuromoM Procurement Economic Cotloctlon Collection Cotlectlan udng schools Offce Office Development Crowe Crowe Crewe ProcStan Gly-wide Gt •wlde Edetlnp Matorlel Nlung Rosldentlal Asswolenualls oepartmonts Doyper% onto Markota Markets Department Assoclatlons Material Matsdd Bwkuoe Material Markets CO t~oeycllVVondors AMarkets Coam Material "ty Markets Pam 116ng Agonco Markets Roepwrosent@ c i a o K c 3 r JI g r 7 n r n.- 7 7 . 5 ri r X r c ~ d f 5 0 k 5 j, F s c 4 C E m v T o .5 E L4 F; ,R ' 3 o r 5 c' nn :Ic r o F r,~~FF $7 r d? 5 5 L~ n c r nn ~ 7 a ~ C', ~'~C. ~ ~ ,~~n'. ~ ~ ~ ~ bl r '~~7. 0. ~ ~ ~ '3 a ^ c~i O' 7i OQ, C ~ 666 3 G7 2 G 3 C ,J it = n a r C'~ tl 7 r f D n P ~ O a z x m - N ~ - A l ~ Op N I I .f N A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N W N 1 ~ L' _ !i A O 3 .3 m 3 m m z m A r N rJ I W A Il/ 24 N W iW A N W A N b I~ I A I ra I~ A FIGURE 2.14 Estimated Curbside Collection Costs (51000) H- - aide Served Capifal Cosb Vehicles (4) 340 Containers 75 Total - 415 Debt Sarnce for Capital Coate E76 Operations Labor Caltece'on crews (a) 240 Administration 35 Admin Support 9 Maintenance 12 Equipment Maintenance 42 EducationalpA _ 45 eroting CoebV _ _ 383 Total COllectfort troeb __._._-___-3459 Processing Costs $416 Total Costs $875 Revenue from sale of materlab $131 Net Cost for Program $743 Net ost er ton r~acovsred - - - if ag p---household aso ~oit per per year Tons Recovered 5250 Range of Costa for P(oeesaing Materlals (1) Cost per ton eterlel - - -Average Low... H9. - 42.99 2028 58,28 Moved Paper 38.78 18,82 65.58 Aluminum Cans 143,41 72.88 362.59 Sleet Cans 87,53 30.22 125.64 Clear Glass 72.76 37.17 105,62 Brawn Glass 11142 69.7 148,62 Green Glass 87.38 $7.56 134 21 Mixed Glees 50,02 29,51 78.24 PET Plastic 183.94 64.43 295.35 HDPE Plastic 187,95 12118 258.15 {I)SoureeNnlYnaLcrlld R'ale Mabeee me nl Ask-Will n.'Pnkes91-M CIA I-$ rof - - Residential Rec)dsbit as at Melenal Recmry Fed1111m IYY2 i D1P~!' ~ 2.23 7telimtr$mry Halter Pfau T - T FIGURE 2.17 INTERMEDIATE PROCESSING CENTER BUDGETARY COST ESTIMATES ($1-000) Tau Po Day Apd) Item 25 80 100 Clow Costs Design d Procwsmont $120 $120 120.1 Building9 400 700 1180 Roam Equipment 200 400 630 SW-up 100 100 170 Contingency(20%) 130 264 434 Insurance )Q gQ TOW Cep" Cost $1.000 $1,634 $2.664 Debt Service 116 190 330 Cost/Ton Day Capecity ($1,000) 40 32 27 CooraBrp Cats labor: 186 236 433 ~ i Mafntenanov 53 68 110 ku canoe 20 30 50 Wool 10 24 50 Equsgmom 29 SQ AD Replooernud I Total Oporatklg Cost $300 w $733 TOW operMNg Coo! s 416 697 1,063 Debt Sella Revenues ($25/Ion) 1157 wd IN Not Casts $233 $273 $403 Noses: 1 Bu801ng oat mn be Wmered by siting two WHY In in existing Wwwre. 2 The 26 Ipd Ndlhy employs eight 50 tpd employes 11, 100 tpd employs 16. 3 Awumes to8lty operates 5 days/vreek. LT`S ® Pcm"yG on'baMaster Plan 2-24 Costs for recydlrq programs can be offset to some degree through the sate of recovered materteis Under current market condhions, the sale of materiels will not be sufficient to cover the costs of the program, There Is also a correlation between the price offered and the quaky and quantity of materWs offered. Quality Is often a function of how well the materials are kept separate and the degree of processing Involved. Quantity relates 10 three factors: (Q the type of program Implemented by the City, pQ the level of program partidpatlon and 011) • the regkxnaf nature of the program. Figure 2.18 presents a range of revenues now offered by markets for materials One way to Increase the revenues provided for materials is through the use of competitive proposals. For example, the City of Carrollton issued a request for proposals for recyclable materials collected as part of thek curbside collection reIRROITt~N Program and proposed prices were, In many cases, above what they were getting prior to the solicitation. I Recovered Materials Marketing Request for Proposals Docember 1992 ® m of laatton 2.25 Prrlimtrtary Master Plmr i f ~ I FIGURE 2-18 i RECYCLABLE MATERIALS PRICES I EAST TEXAS REGION MATERIAL PRICE ` LOW HIGH ~ METALS Ferrous ($/ton) Used steel cans 63 68 No.2 bundles 58 68 Shredded auto scrap 65 95 ! Nonferrous ($/ton) Aluminum UBCs 760 780 Auto batteries _T_ --1201_ 180 ' PLASTICS Sorted ($/ton) Clear PET 100 120 Green PET 100 120 Natural HOPE 160 180 Unsorted ($/ton) Mixed HOPE 60 80 Mixed PET 120 140 Mixed HDPE&PET 0 0 PAPER ($/ton) Coorugated 30 35 Old newspaper 15 20 High grade office 40 45 File stock 55 65 G Colored ledger 50 60 White ledger 135 145 -Computer paper 190 _ 22p GLASS ($/ton) Clear 40 50 Grcen 10 15 Brown 3J 40 ' Source: Recycling Manager, Dec. 7, 1992, p.2 'I r ornf Drndon 2.26 1 D2-26 Prrliinmy Mader Plan j~ J i 3.0 COMPOSTING PROGRAM E Approximately 75 percent by weight of the waste stream is organic; material (18 Most current compost programs percent by weight Is yard waste) which can be processed Into a usable target yard waste and sludge. compost product. Compost Is a humus like material that can be used as a sot supplement and possibly a landfill cover. Most current programs target only yard waste and sludge as feedstocks for composting. There are very few successful MSW composting facilities In operation. An evaluation of compost programs Is presented In Figure 2.17. Gal To reduce the amount of organic: materials requiring disposal at the City landfill, while producing a useful compost product. Objectives e Reduce the amount of yard waste requlrkg collection and disposal through Increased participation In 'oon't Bag it" and backyard composiing efforts I e Reduce the quantities of organic materials requiring disposal through a program designed to compost materials e Provide an altematNe method for managing sludge e Successfully market compost products Major Policy Decislons r a Should Ow City Institute a yard waste disposal ban? a Should a certrailzed composting facility Include sludge as a compost feedstock? Speeffb Program Components The following presents a summa of the compost program components, Ssd4wd Compost Pmgrwr.. Encotrage residents to reduce the amours of yard waste and other organic material reciuiing disposal through an active public: information program. The program should be incorporated as a Backyard connponert of the overall public Intormatlon program. Yard Wass! Contaooft Develop a collection and processeg system for ~rti► removing yard waste from the waste stream and produce a useful compost product In the event the City, adopts an ordinance banning yard waste disposal. such a program may not be necessary. However, to make such bans more polkicxpy scceptable, some cktss have offered operate collection seMces Centralized yard waste k for yard waste that are funded with a dedicated fee for collection and processing. Skdpe Conpoadrrg: Conduct talks with wastewater unity staff to determine M Ai r then Is the potential for Incorporating sludge as part of an overall compostkg Sludge program. ®C 0f 2.27 Pn linttrtm~yMa~tta Pion i I FIGURE 2.17 COMPOSTING PROGRAM COMPARISON PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL RELIABLE COST SOCIAL RECOVERY OF ESTIMATED PROTECTION EFFECTIVE ACCEPTANCE RESOURCES WASTE REDUCTION ` N II Backyard high low high high low 1.3 composting publlc ` Wormation Leaf composting high moderate moderate high low 2-5 Yard waste moderate moderate moderate moderate moderate 1020 composting (leaves, E grass, brush) Yard waste and moderate moderate moderate moderate moderate 10-20 sludge Mixed municipal low low low low high 40.50 solid waste Mixed municipal low low k)w low high 40-50 waste and sludge 2.28 f I I Facility Design There are a variety of system designs that can be Implemented to produce compost from yard waste. The moat common system employed by local govemments Is a windrow system. Approxknatefy 18,350 tons of yard waste are ' generated annually In Denton at a rate of 50 Iona per day. Based on the experience of other facil ities, it is anticipated that approximately 20 acres of land would be sufficlent to manage this amount of yard waste. Figure 2-18 Illustrates a typical layout for a yard waste composting facility. The system presented here also allows for incorporation of sludge should such an option become possible. Impact on the Waste Stream Yard wastes account for approximately 18 percent of the waste stream by Segregate yard waste from MSW weight it Is recommended that appropriate ordinances be established to keep for composting (18% of total yard waste separate from the general municipal solid waste stream. MSW) Approximatety SM tons of sludge were disposed In 1992. Figure 2.19 Illustrates waste volume Impacts for the composting program aitematlves. i ' Organization The public education efforts should be canlod out as part of the overall public Information campaign. Programs a^d information are available through the Texas Agricultural Extension Service as described earlier. The development of a yard waste cr.,lectlon program will require participation from the collection staff to develop a collection strategy designed to work with the existing collection effort. To reduce staff rsqukemer t it Is possible that staff from the landfill could be united to undertake certain tasks such as tuming windrows. The management of sludge generated from the sewage treatment facility Is the responsibility of the Wastewater Division. If a mined sludge and yard waste Solid waste. wastewater, and I program Is to be knpiemerted. dose coordination between the landfill group markets make a compost team and wastewater utility personnel will be requited. Mother group that will require involvement In the composting program are pow to develop markets for the compost materiel. MaterW market regtlramerts wiN detemtite the degree of material processing necessary and possible feedstock Iirtitat$ons. implementation Sewule The backyard composting and 'Don't Bag k' effort is already under way as part of the City s overact public Information campaign. These should be ongoing efforts i FIZ" 2.20 wesents a prelintary compost program Implemertatlo; schedule. Key events In the Implementation of a yard waste oxnposting program Include the folowfng: e Identification of a material market e Council approval to proceed with the program D Ctly 2.29 ' Pnlynirmry Matta Plmt M► 1 N FIGURE 2.18 N COMPOSTING AREA ACCESS ROAD ACROSS STORMIYATER CONTROL DAM / L;!RC;t_Nt Ipr_! YEaF / f I (ir.fl FBI d:"i (4F'P F(lv ' 0 200 400 SCALE IN FEET LEGEND 0 AMNISTRATION / (INED RETENTION `I BUILDING i !'i4ND SEDIMENTATION 1' I I Q MANTENANCf BASIN - AREA - I- na STORAGE j SHEDS ~ - TOE OF FILL S104 v CULVERT ~i FINAL PRODUCT STORAGE AREA 1 RECEIVING s AND MIXING AREA 3 WINDROW . . . . . . . . . . CuANDRHC ' AREA RECYCLE AND NEW a AMENDMENT STORAGE AREA C`I L d c 7 C _ CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS r4/ e l PRELIMINARY MASTER PLAN 93 HDR Erpk*emrg, lnc PREtiM NARY COMPOSTING FACILITY 2.30 FIGURE 2-19 COMPOSTING PROGRAM IMPACTS 1200 - 1000 __-Base case---~ 5% Compost i 17% Compost i t 800 a - - Y /-717% + Sludge -ice Compost 600 / I' 'II O 400 _.j~ - 200 - - h j 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2041 Year YEAR BASE 5% 17% + Sludge CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS_ CU.YD. TONS 1991 364,165 72,833 0 0 0 0 0 0 1992 378,151 75b30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1993 385,894 77,179 6,425 1,285 21,845 4,369 32,735 6,559 1994 395,894 79,179 13,183 2,637 44,823 8,%5 55,773 11,155 1995 405,312 81,062 20,266 4,053 68,903 13,781 79,853 15,971 2000 458,242 91,648 22912 4,582 77,901 15480 90,676 18,135 2010 $85,776 117,155 29289 5,858 99,582 19,916 116,007 23,201 2020 748,762 149,752 37,438 7,468 127,290 25,458 149,190 29,838 19t.4191 47S55, 9371 162.706, 190.081. 3840161 umes a phased-in program DISPOSAL QUANTITIES y E~-- --1716 + Sludge CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS CU.YD. TONS 1991 364,165 72,833 364,165 72,833 364,165 72,833 364,165 72,833 1992 378,151 75,630 378,151 75,630 378,151 75,630 378,151 75,630 1993 385,894 77,179 379,469 75,894 3(4,049 72,810 353,099 70,620 1994 395,894 79,179 382,711 76,542 351,071 70,214 340,121 68,024 1995 405,312 81,062 385,046 77,009 336,109 67,282 325,459 65,092 2000 458,242 91,648 435,330 87,066 380,341 76,068 367,566 73,'13 2010 592,337 118,467 556,487 111,297 486,194 97,239 469,769 93,954 2020 765,671 153,134 711,324 141,265 621,472 124,294 599,572 119,914 728 l47 9 904 24l 181YA, _794,39C, 158 8 767Q15 151,4031 Clry of Denton 2J1 L~`(J f'nlindna)Master Plan i n. trv7~~vc7~ vf.-q .r ~aC7f~- CA- •'J f (1 6 R r. R CT Fi C T ~L `J C~,. T 3i f`` c` ❑ r4 ~ ~ R R R R ~ m S R c❑ r 'D ~ ~ O R ~ Y ~ ~ ~ O G "y 7 i' T] ^ n " ~ ry T g R ~ ~ ~ R e. VJ p r 3 r ~ p C d n+~ C ~ q n 3 +y R O 3 m q m Z z ~ D M 13 N v E N N ? a ~w o L (9 jo ~y !GFjr N w N W r A ~ A r ~ N .y A I III l Ii ~ ~ILI a I f i e Selection of a processing site (preferably at the landfill) e System design e Permitting e Construction of the facility 1 e Operation Regulatory Requirements Regulatory requirements for operation of a sludge composting facility will be administered by the Texas Water Commission. Regulations for both sludge and municipal solid waste are currently being re-written. The following anticipated requirements are based on review of draft regulaUOns Arid discussions with TWC staff. Locating the sludge composting operation at the City's landfill will require modification to the waste water discharge permit and must be addressed In the larK= operating permit for the Me, G The TWC classBies a sludge composting facility as a Type V (processing) site. To apply for a permit for a Type V site, a permit application or Site Development Plan must be submitted, which Includes specific compost specific Information. Program Corte There are min" costa associated with the development and Implementatlon Public Information programs ' of a public InfommOon program. These costs can be further reduced through have low costs, the use of existing trttormation available from the Texas Agricultural Extension Service and other sevvironmentail organizations. Distribution of these materiels can be through town care companies and landscaping companies. Mayor equipmard Includes a tub grinder or shredder, front-end loaders, and possibly a windrow turning machine. Equilpmertt and labor costs can be reduced by ueing Widfw crews to manage the site. The estimated cost of constructing and opem&V the Wity are presented in figure 2-21. If an additional collection system Is employed. the coat of providing this service Yard waste can be collected for Includes additional vehicles, manpower, and bags for collecting materials. a fee. These costs can be offset by charging residents wishing to continue to receive yard waste collection through charges for begs, or other types of billing mechanisms. D CPr Masts Pfmt 2-33 h "R i FIGURE 2.21 Composting Program Budgetary Cost Estimates ($1000) Capital Costs Site preparation 500 Equipment Windrow turner 115 Screen 115 Tub grinder 159 Engineering Costs 75 Total Capital Costs 964 Annual Costs - First five ears (111 19941 1995 1996 1997 1998 Labor 75 125 125 125 125 Equipment0 & M too 186 186 186 186 Utilities 10 t0 10 10 10 Regulatory Compliance 40 40 40 40 40 Contract Services 30 30 30 30 30 Total 0 & M 255 391 391 391 J14 Debt Service 173 173 173 173 ota Osta 2 428 664 564 Cost per ton $54 $46 $44 $42 Tons Com osted 7 910 12159 12 771 13 414 (1) 1994 represents first year for program; pilot phtise but could be Implemented on a full scale if necessary (2) Does not include the add6onal costs for material collection and does not include the potential revenue generated fro- the save of compost ~I 4.0 REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) PROGRAM Refuse derived fuel processes and mass bum systems are designed to combust Combust MSW for volume MSW for volume reduction and energy recovery. Refuse derived fast (RDF) reduction and energy recovery. systems involve mechanical separation of various elements In the waste stream to produce a homogenerwa fuel. Mass bum systems combust non-processed MSW. An evaluation of various alternatives is presented In Figure 2-22. Gal To reduce the amount of waste requiring disposal and generate useful energy In the form of electricity for use In the City's electric utNRy system. Ob)ectlves e Oesign a system that produces a usehi fuel product for use In generating electricity e Operate a system that meets air quality and ash disposal requirements i e Develop a cost-effective system i e Reduce program costs through a regional effort that Incorporates a number of surrounding communities in the program I Maya Policy Issues e What is the most appropriate means of meeting future electric generating needs? s What can be considered a 'coat-effective' system, conWering limited future I&n space and long-term independence related to electrical gerwatlon? e Where should processing and combustion facilities be located? e What type of procurement should be utilized? Specific Program Components Protect EY&UW . Before a project can proceed, basic decisions regarding where hiture electrical generation will be derived must be addressed. In its 1992 AMA Report, the Denton Utilities Identified a range of alternatives for securing future power, with construction of Cltyowned gerterating capabUhlei one of the options under consideration. In addition, then are a variety of technologies avallabte for constructing and operating a waste-to-energy facility. These kidude mass bum systems, loose RDF, denuified RDF, and a variety of combustion systems for burning waste. either by itself or In comb(natlon with coa). Syslsrn Dissor. System design should address the following Issues: facility size, site, procurement method, materiel processing, combustion system, air emk►el" control "am and ash disposal. City of Denim 235 miff f'relirribtmy Mastef Pim FIGURE 2.22 REFUSE DERIVED FUEL PROGRAM COMPARISON PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL RELIABLE COST SOCIAL RECOVERY ESTIMATED PROTECTION EFFECTIVE ACCEPTANCE OF WASTE RESOURCES REDUCTION N Mass Burn ` Technologles Modular syslems moderate moderate low low high 60-70 Field erected moderate moderate low low high 7090 systems Refuse Derived Fuel Processing Dry processing moderate moderate '-M moderate high 60-80 Wet procesakv moderate low low low high 60-80 Deruified refuse moderate moderate low moderate high 60-70 derived fuel procesoig Refuse Derived Fuel Combustion Spreader stoker moderate moderate low moderate high 60-80 Suspensbn fkkq moderate moderate low moderate high 60-60 Fluidized bed moderate moierals low moderate hlyh 60.60 combustion Pyrolysis moderate lows low moderate high 6060 Cocombustlon with moderate moderate low moderate high 60-80 cow 2.36 Prncar wwt The decision regarding the method of procurement could have Procurement affects time, costs a significant affect on the project's timetable, costs and long-term risks for the and risks. City. Available procurement opilons include: archhect/englneer, turnkey and full-service. Perndttlng. Permits that will be required for the facility Include a TWC permit for a solid waste she (Type N) which Includes review of air quality Issuas by the Texas Air Control Board. ConsMxdow Depending on the system selected, conslructkrn could take between three and five years to complete. Operadorl and 41a+nterrence: Combustion facilities are designed to operate on 365 days per year; it Is possible to operate a refuse derived h.e1 operation on a 310 day calendar b available fuel storage is available. Facility Design Figures 2.23 and 2.24 Illustrate examples of processing facilities and combustion systems. Final system selection will be dependent on the size of the system and the Intended use of the refuse derived fuel. Figure 2.23 shows the Ames, Iowa, Municipal processing facility, designed by HDR. The City of Ames, like Denton, operates its own municipal electric utility. The RDF processed at its facility is Wired with coal to generate electricity. Figure 2.24 Illustrates an example of a spreader stoker system. Impact on Waste Scram Approximately 90 percent by volume (70 percent by welght) of the solid waste Is combustible. If a recycling and compoetknq program Is Implemented, the total percent of waste reduction can Increase. Recycling and composting programs can be beneficial to an RDF or mass bum program as grass, metals and glass can be rernoved prior to combustion. Paper recycling will reduce the BTU content of the waste, but this reduction Is offset through the removal of glass and metals that have no BTU value and grass which has a high molsture content. organIntlon Key players In the decision to move ahead with the constriction and operation Solid waste and electric utilities of a waste-to-energy system, Include the sold waste disposal group and make a waste-to-energy team. electrical utilities group. The cost-effectivettess of the system could be favorably Impacted h the system Regionellzatlon 'owers cost. were designed as a regional facility. An area-wide plan Is anticipated to be initiated through the NCTCOO during the summer of 1993. During this regional planning effort, discussions should be held with representatives of surrounding cities to determine it two is Interest in participating In a program and under what temps and conditions. The Implamenmitlon of a waste-to-enorgy program will reduce waste voturnes by Waste-lo-energy reduces approximately 90 percent. This will likely reduce the amount of landfill staff disposal by 90%. required. ® City of Eton 237 Pnlimi uvy Matta Plan f FIGURE 2.22 Primary Shredder Tipping Floor 1777 Farroua Secondary Separation Magnetic Shredder Separator RDF Disc Screens '~taM Ferrous Magnetic Separator Rejects to Landfill Rejects ro Landfill Boilers Generators ESP Electrlclly RDF Steam Coal SOURCE: HOR Ash AMES RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM 2 I 1 I r FIGURE 2.24 I SUPERHEATER BOILER BANK ECONOMIZER AIR HEATER i i an ~ SCRUBBER BAG HOUSE i RDF FEEDERS ' AIR C DUCT ROF 'TRAVELING OVERFIRE DISTRIBUTORS GRATE AIR FAN SPREADER STOKER SOURCE : COMBUSTION ENGINEERING SPREADER-STOKER FIRED COMBUSTION SYSTEM 239 FIGURE 2-25 WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROGRAM WPACTS 1000 - Base Case i U 400 V Q fl f 200 90% Combusted by volume 1980 1990 2000 .010 2020 2030 2040 Year ESTIMATED WASTE REDUCTIONS ELECTRIC YEAR BASE 90% 70% GENERATION CU. YARDS TONS CU. YARDS TONS KWH~ MW 1991 364,165 72,833 0 0 0 0.00 1992 378,1 S 1 75,630 0 0 0 0,00 1993 385,894 77,179 0 0 0 0.00 1994 395,894 79,179 0 0 0 0.00 1995 405,312 81,062 0 0 0 0.00 2000 458,242 91,648 213,874 7140 45,8242W 5.23 2010 592,337 118,467 273,342 91,023 59,233,700 6.76 2020 765,671 153,134 349,015 116,222 76,567,100 8.74 2030, 989,728, 47 sumes OWat Ours gencrare pct toa o mumnpa SO Waste -wUV DISPOSAL QUANTITIES ye-AK BASE 90% 7 CU,YARDS TONS C".YARDS TONS 1991 364,165 72,833 218,718 72,833 1992 378,151 75AM 227,118 73,630 1993 385,894 77,179 231,768 77,179 ' 1994 395,894 79,179 237,774 79,179 1995 405,312 81,062 243,431 81,062 2000 4SS242 91,648 45,824 20,428 2010 592,337 118,467 59,234 27,444 2020 765 671 153,134 76 567 36,912 qgq 728 l 9 98,9731 ® City of DDauon 2.40 Preluninag Master Plan ; j~,` FIGURE 2.26 WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROGRAM ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE City Council Director of Utilities Board of Utilities Denton Area Solid Waste Tech Committee --`Media Community Electric Processing Landoll Services Utilities Services Service Public Facility Processing Landfill Information Operators Services Operators Residential Texas Texao Assoclatlons Water Water Mr.dia Commisslon Conmisslon Business Communhy Represents New Division 2-41 Implementation Schedule It Is estimated to take approximately five to seven years to go from the point of Permitting schedule is potentially deckling to construct a facility to actual operation. One of the great long, uncertainties related to the Implemontalbn schedule is the time required to permit such operations In Texas. Currently, there are only twee small scale modular waste-to-energy fatuities permitted to operate in the state. The Texas Alr Control Board (fACB) has recently taken action to eliminate the use of waste urea In cement kilns due to environmental concerns. Permitting a waste-to- energy facility would require approval from both the Texas Water Commission and the TACB. Due to the significant capital requirements associated with waste-to-energy opemilons, there is a considerable amount of up-front work that must be completed prior to constructim It wit be necessary to secure bonds for financkq such operations and bondlN agencies typically require assurances with respect to waste flow to the facility, guaranteed energy markets and other guarantees to reduce the City's risks, Given the fact that Denton currently has control over the entire waste flow and Its own electric power unity, such assurances should be Basler to oNain than In other communkles wh" have to rely on the private sector to secure such pledges. Figure 2.27 presents a preliminary Implementation schedule for the ROF program. Program Costs The costs of constructing a waste-to-energy facility varles depending on the An existing boiler for ROF Is a type of process selected, erwrgy markets available and facility size. If there Is plus. not an existing boiler in which ROF can be burned, the cost of constructing and operating a mass bum system may be less costly. The cost of conatnkting and operating a waste-to-energy facility can be offset to some degree through the sale of energy In the form of steam and ex electricity. The value of the energy should be considered in terns of 'avoided costs' to the City, This term is defirted as the cost that would have boon fturred by the City to secure the power generated from an alternative source. Generally, the avokied cost for electricity Is in the range of two to five cents per kilowatt hour. Two options for each size of facility are presented in Figure 2.28. Option 1 presents costs assuming the entire Capital costs are part of the adld waste program. The Utilities Department has Indicated that they mey be able to pay half the capital costs from the municipal electric tRNIty. Option 2 presets a scenario assuming half the capital costs are part of the sdkl .waste program. D Cky of Dadon 242 PmUrnblary Master Plan I cm` III a ~ X rt "r " K N rpr ~ tlF`.77y cr' L~ ~ 0i~~-I DII O I V Y !j a ~ '.n- 7 G~~ I m 77 RII 3 9~ m Q. R n Z I = m - ~I m I TA A j N I A r y~ W A r I IJ N A I r N A 3 N W !J a , 1J A N FIGURE 2-28 REFUSE DERIVED FUEL COST COMPARISON ($7000) Option 1 cent ecr cil t -T 15 cent efec city i -,-----300 600 300 6001 Facility Size ITPD) Total Capital Costs $47,770 $B1,590! $47,770 $81,590 Annual Debt Service 6,700 9,790 5,700 9,790 Operating & Maintenance 3,725 6,580 3,725 6,580 Operating Cost + Debt Service 9,425 16,370, 9,425 16,370 Cost per ton $101 $88 $101 $88 Energy Revenues 850 1,824 2,327 4,6541 Net Costs 08,575 $14,546 $7,093 $11,718 Net cost per ton $78 Option 2 cen>~ectncFt~ _ sent a ec7 tacitY~ Facility Size (TPD) T_ - '0 Total Capital Costs $23,885 $40,795 $23,885 940,795 Annual Debt Service 2,850 4,895 2,850 4,835 Operating & Maintenance 3,725 61580 3,726 6,5801 Operating Cost + Debt Servlce 6,575 11,475, 6,575 11,475 Cost per ton $71 $62 $71 $82 Energy Revenues 850 1,824 2,327 4,654 Net Costs $6,72 5 __99 651$4,248 $6.821 Net cost per ton $62 $52 1___ $46 $37 11 in its request for Preliminary Plans, the City of Denton Indicated that half the capital costs for a waste-to-energy facility could be covered by the City's electric utility department Value of electricity in cents per kilowatt hour DGtY ~ DentOn 2-44 hrR Prtelintlnmy Master Plan I I a 5.0 LANDFILL PROGRAM Regardless of the waste management system(s) employed, there will be a need Landfills will be required for a disposal she for non•processlble and non-marketable materials. A state-of- regardless of recovery program, the-art sanltary tandfll is an engineered facility designed to provide for the disposal of said waste while protecting water, air and land resources. Program Goal ro provide for the disposal of munlcipat solid waste generst9d by Denton residents and buslnesse. m an enviroomentaiy acceptable and cost efficlant manner. Program Objectives • Assure adequate disposal capacity at the extoting Edwards tandfEl until additional capacity can be permitted i • Obtain a permit for the land surrounding the existing site l a Operate the site In a manner that maximizes capacity i s Meet the requirements set forth in US EPA Subtitle b regulations and TWC said waste regulations s Close certain areas of the facillty when it is the most appropriate and cost-eoctfve s Monitor and protect groundwater and surface water resources, and art quality Major Poky Decisions e Will the City of Denton provide regional solid waste disposal services far surrounding communities? Specific Program Components Sbod4arm OdapoeW Plsn: The first element of the landfill plan Is to provide First, extend remaining la+dfll life capacity u ntl the tine when a new site can be permitted and made ready for undi new capacity Is avalatye, operations. The new she wit be located adjacent to the existing landfill. It Is anticipated that a permit could take between three and five years to secure, and therefore It Is recomma ided that actions be undertaken to increase the capacity of the existing she. Atso, specific sources reduction and recycling programs should be Instituted knmedlately to extend the 10a of the tandfll. Pftlty should be given to programs that can be knpiemen, ^d quick'.y and significantly reduce disposal needs. Methods that should be explored by the City to expand capacity beyond July 1987 Include the following. s Utilize an afternatIve cover material in place of sot a Construct she to permitted limns for both depth and height D City of Denton 245 hambtary Matter Plan 1 1..~ I I • Maintain maximum compaction rate (the City staff Is already obtaining compaction ratios that are at or above average Industry standards) Sublide D/fWC Requkervonts: Subtitle D requirements state that landfills Regulatory requirements for the accepting waste after October 9, 1993, must meet alt the requirements set forth current landfill are slgnhlcant. In those regulations, There are numerous design and operational she changes Oesign and operation cha ,bes that must be undertaken beginning in October. A rWow of TWC March 9, 1993, occur beginning In October 1993. proposed regulations Indicates that the following must be aocomollst 3d or Engineering and o t h e r submitted by April 9, 1994, If the Clty decides to continue accepting MSW after documentation are required by October 9, 1993. TWC In April 1904. • Groundwater characterization report • Liner and leachate collection system design criteria e Sol Urw Dually Control Plan a Sod Lkw Evaiuatlon Report (SLER) and Flexible Membrane Uner Evaluation Report (FMLER) (any lateral expansion within permh limits after October 9, 1933) a Grourxiwaler mmitming plan • Groundwater sampling and analysis plan • Detection monitoring plan e Certification of compliance with location restrictions (sections 330.3, 330.301, and 330.305 • airport safety, floodplalns, and unstable areas) ' e Site devefoprrwnt plan revislons e She operating plan revisions a Find closure plan • Postdosure plan • Landfill gas management plan e Closure c*m estimate • Financial assurance LorV4&m Lavrf N Phvr. The City Is now in tho process of securing a site for She Development tts future landfill. As mentioned, the proposed 146 acre site u located adjacent to the existing landfill, In order for this land to be approved for landfill acWhlos, it wW be necessary to secure a permk, design and develop the she, operate, and close and rrwlntain the she after the 30-year post-closure perkd. i Facility Design The current landfill is located to the southeast of the City, just south of the wastewater treatment facility. The current she Is comprised of 70 acres, approximatey half to be developed. The average depth of excavation is te.5 feet and the average he!ght Is 31.5 feet. The Solid Waste Department estimates that the she has capacity to last until July 1997. The City currently has an option to purchase 146 acres of lard adjacent to the exlatirig property for future lardnlll development (Figure 2.29), Figures 230 and 231 present a prelimirary conceptual usyout of the facility, The conceptual layout Includes land for a material pr-cesaing facility (20 acres) and a yard waste cumt>o N she (20 acres). Tha following Issues will affect how the facility is desigrwl, fill sequence, and operations. • the aQklortal land is Irregular in shape • two crooks traverse the new property and there is an estimated 25 acres of floodptaln located at the she , City of Dritton 248 Prrlunktmy Mader Plat /I Lj 1 41 i 416 i T r _ na i, • ~ I It ' ='~.°trSiif. " ~ i' . •p u ~ 1 A, ~ br L.rs d' C • f ~ 4jt.-Ira a J rnt~~-~ II ea P r~ e ~ lit . . w . I d Bra>,ch a z i ~ o ,.a . . F - r ' ~ S o~'• fr H D X ~ " N ~ ~-rta, Z _ WODOROW LAN'. r X ...i ~ le..e ~ era Y ',/i' ~y~ • .ice - , N ` -may M < .w vn O N m o Z o vZ gr ~ In -r. • - , 1 Y N u TVN W Ili[. J'.1n _i~'F r ~ 4~ I 1 , MAY HILL Pt l f 1 k N A.t o I I l Av,lSJo, 1 I fa -4 o 1 v A l u S ~ 1 s u~~urUn~Yr }~rw+~ A 1 iii > 0 1 `gyp , F7 10 47 46 ,I O 7~F J r ; yj r m u II z 0 t i A FA w rn ' F 1 Z -n In < m O z 0 m $ a z $ Z N Ft, FOSIER \ NL O FLL!r 77 I 231 I F10 II 1 I ~ l 1 1~; I j \ j n 0 fv _ ror aF ALL y 1 ti, fit,f 1 7.Q P ' 1 I , ~..~,,,-t. 680 ~ I ; , - i w L 10(OF FILL ( r 7 T . 7 w EDAARD CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS F/9 PRE LIMINARY MASTER PLAN hR ~me~et` w CONCEPIUAL LANDFILL i Hm Engine ft Im FINAL EL EVAT!ONS FIGURE 2-31 f 2.49 4 e 20 areas should be set aside for the future construction and operation of a material processing center and a yard waste composting facRy e the fill sequence should allow for a tie-In with the existing landfill 0 permhtable e there are a number of houses and other buildings located within the property boundary e there is a communlcal;ons tower on the southem boundary of the she a the new disposal area may or may not be tied to the current IandRI. 1 depending on TWC policies and Interpretations Regulatory Issues r L&WWN Design: The design of the facility shall be In conformance with the The • new landfill will meat requirements defined In TWC landfill reguations. These regulations are now stringent regulatory standards. f being revised to be In compliance whh UA Subtitle D landfill regulations. The regulations will require the design shown In Figure 2-32 to protect the groundwater, unless the applicant can prove that growvater resources can adequately be protectad otherwise. Major components of the Subtitle D design Include the following: e Uners I a Leachate collection and treatment system o Landfill gas monitoring system e Landfill gas control system o Significantly Increased final cover It will be necessary to discuss the issue of joining the current and proposed landflle versus maintalnktg complete separation with the TWC, Separate sites 1 will slgntflccnxty reduce total capacity. { Opwatlorm: In addition to the changes required in the design of the landfill, there are also certain operational requirements defined In the regulations. Some of these operating lochnigueJ are currently In use at the Denton Munlclpcl Solid Waste landN (MS". 4 J Operating requirements per Subtitle D are as follows. a Procedures for excluding the receipt of hazardous waste a Cover material requirements a Disease vector control o Explosive W control e Air emissions criteria a Stomnvater run-on/run-off control systems a Surlace water requirements a Liquid waste rearlctkms o Record keeping requirements Ckvww and PPoaI,Ck.sum Can: LandfNle accepting waste beyond Octuber 9, E ION, are required to provide mon horing and post.dosure care for a perlod of at 4@9 SO yeah after cfoeure. For shoe remaining In operation after tills date, groundwater monltorktg requirements are slgniflcantly more extensive than current regt*ementa Post-closure care shah Include the following: o Makttafrtlrtq the Integrity and 9ffectlveness of any final cover ®Pk cr4ellofmLsaryd7',rron 2.50 Fm Harder Plan J ® SOLID WASTE FIGURE 2.32 ® DAILY COVER I ® PROTECTIVE SOIL LAYER ® GEOTEXTILE (FILTER FABRIC) © FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE LINER © GRAVEL EMBEDMENT O PERFORATED COLLECTOR PIPE SAND DRAIN LAYER O CLAY LINER I { { 0 0 0 COMPOSITE LINER A a SUBGRAO£ LEACMATE COLLECTION fm HDR ENImeerlnq.lnc. i Typical Subtltle 0 Landfill Details Cry of Denton 2.51 PrelirnLiary Mader Plan I I I e Malnlalning and operating the leachate collection system s Monitoring groundwater e Maintaining and operating the gas monitoring system FbnencWAssunme; EffecLve April 9, 1994, landfill owners and operators must have a detailed written estimate, In current dollars, for the cost of closure, poet. 1 closure and, If applicable, rorrec:Vve action for known releases. During the i active We of the landfill unit, the owner or aperator must annually adjust the closure cost estimate for inrtatlon. Under Subtitle 0 regulations, local governments are not exempt from securing The City must provide financial financial assurance for closure and post-closure coats, The avalable financial assurances. assurance mechanisms include 0) trust funds, (it) surety bonds, (III) Vier of credit, or (Iv) Insurance. The EPA is developing a financial lest designed spechlcally for local governments Ihat is expected to be proposed soon. Local i govemmente that cnn demonstrate that they possess the necessary financial capability and have adequately planned to meet the landfill closure and posh closure care obligations In a timely manner will be able to use the financial test and wig not be required to acquire additkxaai financial assurance. i S7arr wi*W Management The landfill must meet stringent new stormwaler rega> to s. Significant stormwater management facilities will be required. Waste Quarttftles A needs assessment was performed as part of this Plan and Is presented In Part 3. Figure 233 presents the estimated quantities of waste requiring disposal through the year 20,1). ',o determine disposal requirements, three variables must be considered: e waste quantities requiring disposal, e average depth of fill, and e average height of fill. It Is anticipated that between 1997 and 2030, approximately 4.5 million tons of Oenton needs 4.5 millon tons of solid waste will require disposal without any waste reduxtion. Without she additional disposal capacity to speck data related to groundwater and geologic conditions, It Is Impossible to last until 2030 without waste determine the total capacity of the oxpanslon area. As a conservative approach, reductlon. k can as assumed that the excavation in the expansion area will average I5 5 feet below natural grade, as at the current site. Under this assumption, it will be possible to dispose of approximately 1.6 minors tons of solid waste without Importing sol for cover or using an alternate daily cover. In contrast, it may be poaalble to dewater the site and excavate to a depth dose to the elevation of the creek If this Is possible, adequate sot will be available to provide cover for approximately 10 million tons of waste k fill height Is unrestricted. DPhCitydimO1inary 'w`yN n 2.52 Masfa Plan h"R FIGURE 2.33 ANNUAL WASTE GENERA I ION 1493 - 2030 ■ 1 r r . • r f ---rf rf r ao fir=--------------------------- r 1W0 7000 7010 Iola 70V 7010 V FAA! CUMMULATIVE WASTE UENEKATIUN 1943 - 200 i ■ r ' r'f i r f ~ G5■ r ■ r ■ ■r r• ■r rf we Was for 1990 70x0 win =a 7070 70q YFAW Clty of Dr11 2453 PhellmLimy master Plan I Org a n IZat ions I I ssue$ Landfill operations are currently being managed by the $dld Waste Division, Thle division will continue to be responsible for managing the disposal she. As the overall program evolves, there will be an increasing need for this dlvislon to coordinate with divisions responsible for solid waste collection and processing. It Is proposed that the new she also be the location for the composting operation, citizen drop-o" facilities and material process rr, iscllRles. To obtain it permit for a MSWLF, the City will have to work primarily with the TWO will be part of team TWC. Other state and federal agencies may also become Involved In the permitting process. For example' the Corps of Engineers will have to be Involved In hoodpialn Issues and slormwaler discharge will be permitted by EPA through the NPOES System. i I The City should also continue to work closely with residential and commercial Work with citizens must continue, groups to clearly Identify the need for the landfill and thereby reduce some of the public opposition the City will face during the permitting process. (Figure 2.34) Implementallon Schedule October 9, 1933, the City will have to be in full compliance with revised TWO regulations pertaining to landfill design, operations, closure, post-closure care and financial assurance. As mentioned In the regulatory discussion, a number of determinations and she plan amendments must be submitted prior to April 1994. Figure 235 presents a preliminary Implementation schedule. The City's landfill Is projected to have approxlmately four years remaining capacity. Given HOR's previous experience with facil ity permitting, a new permit may require three to five years to secure. The mayor permitting steps Include the following: e Pre-application review • Submission of Part 1 e Submission of Part 2 • existing conditions and she chareuteristlcs • land use hearing (May not be required as a separate hearing) • Submiulon of Part 3 • engineering Information; detailed Investlgatlve reports, schematic: of site • Submleaion of Part 4 • site operating plan • Submission of Part 5 • construction drawings and specifications Inhlal she development will take approximately one year to complete. Certain activities, such as she clearing, construction of berms and other activities could be performed while the City Is seeking its permit. Liner construction for new areas will take approximately six months to prepare prior to waste acceptance. Once the site has reached capacity and been property dosed, the City will be responsible for post-closure care for at least a 30-year period. This will kwon,: the following activhles: e Maintaining the Integrtty and effectiveness of any fine! cover • Maintaining and operating the leachate collection system City of Dalton 254 ® P*Uminary Master Plan t 1 FIGURE 2.34 LANDFILL PROGRAM ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE City Council Director of Utilities --r Board of Utilities Denton Area Solid Waste Tech Committee Media Community Landfill Services Service Public Landlill Information Operniors Residential Texas Wale; Associailons Commission Media Buslnesr Community r n Caa 5ry_n] r, j mi Ti ~ Ft Tf r,q r9r'I V T1 n ry~' ~~J"~-s~a~~~~~~T~~ ~.gd~5 ~•9~'~g{ III ~ r 3 n F r 7 o r m 1 N r~ I{ rj I r~ i r. j_ 1 ► `1 a Monftorirg groundwater e Malntalnbg and operating the gas monhodng system Program Coats 1 The coat of devek ping the new she and long-tens operations Is shown In Figure A new landfill will be costly, ' 238. The curro,,t disposal costs of $10 to S1S per ton can be expected to I Increase substantially after October 1983. Actual costa will depend on wtWAher site charges previously discussed can be employed. Total disposal volume to a crttlcal factor affecting cost per ton. i - Another cost related issues Is financial assurance requirements as previously dlscuseed. A detalled clown plan with cost estimates will have to be performed establish a trust fund or other financial assurance the cost of the facYhy will be further Impacted. i I I I l~ (rKy of BEY M 2-57 tf~' P►te►tLrar Master Plan IM ~ FIGURE 2-36 DENTON LANDFILL COST SUMMARY _ Constant $1993 Year B' eta Cost Estimates 1000 ----1 2 - 3 -1 - e - - a - 7 e 9 _ a0 EquipmenlReplacement FL44 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,814 310,514 r ~ Liner 8 Leachale Coneclion 387,926 361,926 387,926 367,926 357,926 367,926 367,925 367,928 367,926 367,928 Operations 8 Maintenance 1,887,909 1,818,970 1,550,701 1,683,119 1,716,236 1,728,975 1,726,975 1,728,975 1,728,975 1,728,975 Final Lover Sinking Fund 178,540 178,840 175,540 178,840 171%,640 176,540 178,640 1711,1140 178,840 178,840 Post-closure Sinking Fund 62,064 02,084 62,064 62,064 62,064 82,054 62,064 62.064 62,084 OM4 Engineering/legal 80,000 80,000 50,000 80,000 60,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 Contingency 55,189 65,189 55,169 55,189 55,189 55,189 55,189 65,189 65,169 56,189 Debi Service 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 Total r 2,912,413 2,943 473 2,975.205 3,D01,622 3,04jf40 3,053,479 3,053,479 3,053,179 3,053,479 ,063,479 coatRon 34 31 3433 37 32 32 31 630[ 130 2.58 FIGURE 2.36 MIENTON LANDFILL COST SUMMARY 1 Constant $1993 Year e to Cost Estimates 1000 t1 a 13 ! 4 15 __--if, --ii 16 10 20 + Equipment Replawment Fund 310,514 310,514 310,514 310,514 3104514 310,5141 110,5t4 313,611 ;10,511 310,514 Liner A lea&mts Conection 387,926 367:-e 367,926 367,9261 367,928 367,926 307,928 367,926 367.928 367,926 Operations 8 Malnlenance 1,726,975 t,728,975 1,728,975 1,728,975 1,728,9r5 1,728,975 1,726,975 1,728,975 1,726,975 1,128,975 Final Cover SoWnpFund 178,840 179,640 178,640 178,640 178,640 176,840 176,600 17b,640 178,810 t7e4640 Post-closure Slnhinp fund 52,064 62,064 82,084 62,084 62,084 62,084 $2,084 82,081 62,081 62,064 EnglmarkVtegal 60,000 80,000 80,000 83,000 50,000 80,000 KOM 60,000 80,000 50,000 Conlingeeq 55,189 $5,189 55,169 55,189 $5,189 55,169 55,189 55,189 65,189 68,189 Debi Sorvla 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269,950 269.950 269,950 289,9. Total 3,053.479 3,053,479 3,053,479 3.053.479 3,063,479 3,053.479 3,053,479 3,053,479 x,063,479 3,053,479 CaHTon 29 $26 26 27 27 2628 23 24 24 I I 2.59 a m m~ II I I I III f! '3 1.0 NEEDS ASSESSMENT BACKGROUND Population The City of Denton, located In north central Texas, Is the home of two Denton has a population of , Institutions of higher education and approximately 66,900 residents. 86,900 which Is projected to The Increase to 79,400 by 2000 City experienced an average annual population increase of two percent l between 1980 and 1990. Population forecasts devetoped by the Denton Mur ipal U10ky Department Indicate that the aniMpated population for the year 2000 Is 79,384. This Is equal to an average annual growth rate of 1.8 percent Population Is projected to increase at a rate equal to 2.8 percent after the year 2000 (Figure 3.1). { r The combined student enrollment for the Texas Women's University and the University of North Texas Is 34,133, with an on-campus population of 5,000. I lJl F ~ M +t I 1 1 Ili M« lo« ee pY i YEAR HISTORIC AND PROJECTED POPULATION Employment I Denton's employment In 1992 was 41,527. The majorky of this employment Is 41,257 In the educational sector. Including the Denton State School, education employed In Denton currenyy represents approximately one-third of the total employment, Figure 33 presents employment distributlon for the City, Employment Distribution for Denton I Meet lei{I Mel,llnu Hotta 111 RWnlbnl f Ill!{ 1 I uenr nuqQI+I i ~r~lfn InfNlp In'o I + I Mnynr (Il a%I TuM I Knee, l9 el l 4mn,'eil To, I Source: U S. Census Data City of ur y M 3.1 Prclintinary Master Plan i DENTONCARROLLTON CORRIDOR AREAWIDE STUDYfACTION PLAN DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 3-2 i f 1 M,W ca I ,w W ,r i 1 ~ I 1 , A Cad 1niY N Nl ds dlV • A41.A II 1qwl1r M wM n.+. W War ov I i ME WASTE GENERATION AND PROJECTIONS A total of 378,100 cubic yards (delivered) of MSW were generated In the City of 378,100 cubs yards of waste Demon In 1992. This is equlvalerlt to approximately 75,700 Iona, or 6.0 pounds were generated In 1992. per capita per day. Figure 34 presents the sources of waste by sector for 1991. The amount of MSW collected and disposed by the commercial sector in tuture years Is anticipated to Increase substantially (about 35%) as a result of the City taking over the collection of this waste stream In 1992, +j (19. I Res idendd FIGURE 3-4 165 VI) Commercia 17.2%) Mix. The types of waste accepted at the Edwards Landfill In 1992 are shown In Figure 3-5. 86 percent of the waste disposed at the Edwards Landfill In 1992 was from residents and commercial establishments. FIGURE 3-5 SOURCES AND TYPES OF WASTE ACCEPTED AT THE EDWARDS LANDFILL % TONS Household/Commercial 85.2 64,525 Brush 8.2 4,708 Conatnlcalon/demolition 7.6 5,758 Sewage/Septic tank sludge 0.7 548 Dead animals 0.01 7 Contaminated sot 0.28 212 Other 0.008 6 100.0 75,762 Sows: Oty of Daman tXINIK Departmanl Mnual Undae A*W to ft MC MM M 1093 Future waste quantities are anticipated to Increase to approximately Waste quantities are projected to 443,754 Increase to 443,800 cubit: yards delivered cubic yards (91,800 tons) by the year 2000. Annual projections for the In 2000. next thirty years are presented in Figure 3-8. These projections could be higher or lower depending on the following factors. e Actual population increases or decreases e Economic activity e Source reduction, rocyding, composting and waste-to-energy program success e local, state and federal regulations pertaining to we ate management e Demon's role In a regional waste management program DPCrrGity onrf =On.., Plat ~ 33 1T u i1(` FIGURE 3 6 ANNUAL WASIt ANE RAINS I9v3 - 2030 ■ • ■ ■ Y ~ 700,______.__________._.___-___._____.._____~_■:T •`f___._-~-__-_.___~ ~ I ■ •r • two :a>u :alo :ao uw oa rFAx~ CUMMULATIVE WASMUENERATION 1993 -203U I • ■ ■ • p; i f r tl ■ r•r • Iwo 7oou 7Ulo 3R'E 1VV Mq VFAM CyY al a~ &rmy~Maser~ Plan DPM"&O h I~ i WASTE COMPOSITION I As the demand to manage specific elements of the waste cream increases, the 40% of the waste stream Is now to understand the compostion of the waste stream becomes more ComPesed of paper, I S% Is yard 1 Important. The data presented In Figure 3-7 Is based on national composition waste. data Denton Solid Waste staff have Indicated that based,A observations at the landfill, these composition figures are representative of Demon's waste stream. (40.0%, PAPER (8.30N) METAL UP to 40% of the waste stream Is Potentlally recyclable. FIGURE 3.7 j (11.69/0 OTHE /17.6%) YARD WASTES j (8.06,1o) PLASTIC t) (7.0910) GLASS (7.4%) FOOD WASTES It Is also Important to understand the waste stream Components to relate with Household hazardous wastes are th.9 gets's r0CYCI4V goal and possible mandates for communities to meet these about 0.5% to 2% of the waste targets. For example, Figure 3S presents a breakdown of recyclable materials stream. found in the waste stream There la a strong possibYRy that a yard waste tan may be adopted at the state level In next few years. As Previously noted. there Is Increasing pressure for local govemmenls to manage specific elements of the waste stream State regulations now pace specific bane on the disposal of uncut ties, used oil, used of filters, and appliances. Figure 3-8 presents estimates of the quantities of paints end solvents, used of, boned", pesticides, antifreeze and miscellaneous household hazardous waste. Together these materials account for between .5 percent to 2 percent of the entire waste stream. CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Waste Collection The City provides solid waste collection services to all reskfents, twsinems and industries. Residential collection services are provided twice per week. Commercial collection Is provided on an as needed basis. I r ® Cuy of Uenfon 3-5 T ~ Prrliminmy Monier Plan n~n 6` FIGURE 74: PRODUCTS GENERATED IN THE MUNICIPAL. SOLID WA4TE STREAM 1670.1l66~ SELECTED RECYCLAOLE MATERIALS (in Pwcwd of Wil gerwadon) PERCENT OF TOTAL GENERATION , ror Welg" 1070 1966 CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING GENERATED GENERATED mus Packaging Bur and soft drink 4.6 3.0 We and Wot bodes 1.6 1.1 Food and *tPw bottles 3.6 6.3 Su.l Packaging Ij Bur snd soft drink 1.3 0.1 I Food and other owtsinen 2.9 1.4 Numfnum Packaging Bur and wft drink 012 0.8 Paw vw Pq*ft" CarrugdW boxes 10.4 12.9 Asm Pairaging Soft drink bottles 0.0 0.2 Milk bodes 0.0 02 ConW"m TOW 24.6 29.0 NwWurWs Goods Nsw6papers 7.6 7.4 OMoe Pawn 2,2 4.1 ' NwWw" Goods Totd 10.0 11.6 j Durable Goods MO spplianoes 2.2 1,7 Rubber Or" 14 1.2 Betbriu, teed sold 0.0 OR Dur" OOWe ToW 44 lb TOTAL X02 412 8owc~. UA EPA. VWadw Ylam d VN Wpd 60W W N06 In er Wed edw row Uedd*,' Jw * loft Ov~ MM >t A e{ ewe M40" 6" arorsr W MWO". Ma b wwh, h 16M M nomW'd F.? a«w+ d to k" rM irw A ndbrMy"m mwwrdd. 71* W&" we fir +011 w rIr"mst : IMr baw d.dwd by "%Alyytrq ION eawM by 117,CC tax ' City 0fbZvdMnaT1er Plmt 1F-',LI 3$ * J1G1C` Phelinllnmy a FIGURE M: ESTIMATED HHW IN DENTON, TONS PER DAY HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS NATIONAL DENTON GENERATION WASTE PERCENTAGE' IN INN Qom per day) PairHa and wNonb 37.7 8.2 Used dl 2715 SA B'fted" 244 3.4 PatlddK/Polwna 45 .S MMraa a 0.7 2 Miaoal~anaou S.0 t. f r 100,0% 21.7 r aor w tow w.w a1r p.mwv Mw% rerooo raw naw.nw nwdar waa r.rhr.e rwpnn.oa r eeTM« o, a r twt a nwwrwld raAr o~b.e. nw acrd M'o«daaa r a hawMeN wrb 10 r liaer ha .ndoy m err and a a Orwaaan gem a aa CO tbn, at,aw M rrr m 0a ow yt ton ou dry .w eakW W awmMq 111 at e. w, ® City' omLfmya'tldf Ike A>rllHarter Ptmt i FIGURE 3.10: RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL SOLID WASTE CUSTOMERS FISCAL RESIDENT COMM TOTAL YEAR HISTORICAL 1985 12606 1150 13958 1986 13412 1250 14662 1987 13544 1147 14691 1988 14546 910 15458 1989 14662 985 15647 1990 14690 1060 15750 1991 14743 1062 15805 PROJECTED 1992 14775 1512 16287 1993 14922 1527 16449 1994 15071 1542 16613 1995 15372 1557 16929 1996 15679 1603 17282 1997 15993 1618 17611 1998 16313 1633 17946 1999 16639 1648 18247 1 2000 16972 1663 18635 Source; Oty of D9nrorr 1900 CUSTOMERS% 2000 CUSTOMER 3% Demon serves a loW of 16,400 customers. m ~ ni i unman n,icanaut+t tiicncuaecui i The 1992 costs to the Clry for providing collection and dlsposal servlcas is 1 Presented In Figure 3.13. The City of Demon's current waste minimization and recycling efforts consist of the following: (Figure 3.13 Identifies the Quantities of materials collected In 1992 as a result of these dfons) e Developing and Implementing public education programs stressing product reuca, changing consumer purchasing habits, decreasing consumption, and substituting safer products, e Developing and Implementing product exchange Information networks D CityPneBmi aj Dn.erywMasfn. Plan 3.8 1 1.~~ e Sponsoring and supporting Legislation which encourages product reuses, decreases packaging, Increases product lifetime, and decreases product toxicity. 0 Developing and Implementing regulations designed to restrict quantIty and product design. Developing financial Incentives and disincentives to encourage reduction by linking economic benefits to reduction acitvities. MATERIAL POUNDS TONS PERCENT OP TOTAL Uurt,alwe 27, 310 137 014 FIGURE 3.13 CPO 24,381 122 oW Nwe 5.5ea.68T a, 79,3 852\ CITY Of DENTON AECYCL'NO ►RDWLAM den G,au 396109 19)1 E D\ PICOVERED NATIONALS FOR IIH C"Id GIAee 237,90 v6d 31\ VINK se 720 204 094 r2, rye 47 rl I a 44 ASO iedou #.677 22 3 0 7\ P451i[e 96aa 11 014 Mix _ 12173 E1 02\ Od to-Ngared coma'tirt 7 200 . 9 0 11 TOTAL 0322 747 32014!; 7\ COIIN.flon COME 5d 4 CRY co Dunn Figure 3-14 presents the 1992 budget for solid waste collection for both residential and conunerclal services. The current rate for collecting and disposing residential materials Is $10.65 per 30 days. Commercial rates vary depending on the size of the container and frequency of cotlectlon. FIGURE 3.14: SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES (If0001 OWENSES RESIDENTIAL COMMERCW. Operating Expenm Payma an 499 supoll" 122 77 Malntwnnos 112 rd0 tleMae 192 240 Insuranoe 3e 23 Sundry 0 O Othw 0 0 Axed AewN 7 24 W debt 17 20 ToW Opwome EPDe0ee1 1574 1071 Non-Operating Expenwe Inwred l l l AdminlNratlve Transfers 390 e0 Landilll EApens" 218 729 TOW Non-Opwating Expenwe e97 7g0 TOTAL 11042 areal Mover dry d Denlen 1 Cry Dutton 3-9 PklintftLlary Master Plan LANDFILL Waste generated in the City of Denton Is disposed at the Edwards Landfill. The facility is owned and operated by the City. The landfill was designed, with the assistance of HDR Engineering In 1984. The current design Incorporates an 'area fill' method. A she description is shown In Figure 3.15. The landfill Is located southeast of Denton, just south of the Sewage Treatment Plat. The current permitted she consists of approximately 32 sores. The !NI aria Is excavated to an average depth of 18.5 feet. The actual average height of the fill is 31.5 feet. The landfill Includes a soil-bentonhe slurry cutoff wall, day liner system, groundwater monitoring system and closure and post-closure program. At current rates of disposal, the site will reach capacity by July 1987. The cost of landfill operations Is shown below In Figure 3.18. Ih FIGURE 3.16; LANDFILL EXPENSES ($1000) EXPENSES Payroll 230 Supplies 34 Maintenance 145 Services 187 Insurance 20 Bad Debt 1 Debt Service 193 Administrative 22 TOTAL $812 tloura; dry of Comm D CP v.0f.D&Y.0n.,. Plat 3.10 LT`r~ FIGURE 3.15 PETER TO ATTACHMENTS 74 AND 14 t / J 1 xte .I _ _ m74K o0 1Nn Plu - ~ DITCH tok 6. If C84 ~ ( E, ~ •1I + W01 toot _ _ °'I~ / 1/- 1` \ DO M - all e I I to E 1~ l\ 1 _ :Iglcl tt at Stir r tCatxD ~1 tl.; e I 1 I 110---hNl{x G A e-t 8.11 } s t~ Qs l Gumms - I I `1 (A M NY - f to u{ PUAP 1 - " of MIN, IOd NO{~IN . ' 1 =II: / r~ r6AMtoRORtiNAUFe B s laa _ r''~C r 100 VIAR FLOOD PLAIN t\I!D ..r,.• MTC •r' rtCM^C° 1ft D NNo 0 SCALE t, a 100 FEE I FINAL CONTOURS I r i I I 2.0 WASTF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS I Waste Management Programs and Technotogles Figure 3-17 Is a list of the various programs and technologies reviewed In this t Plan. This may not be an all-inclusive list of the opilons available to Denton, but does represent those efforts whtch have been successfully adopted In some form In other parts of the country. Source Reduction and Waste Minimization Programs By evolding the generation of waste materials in the Vrst place, source reduction Is the most envIronmentally acceptable means of managing solid waste, Through changes In how lawns are malntatned, changes In product packaging and more efficient vse of resources, the amount of waste requiring collection, pro.assing and disposal can be reduced. Specific waste reduction acilvitfes I Irv.ude the following. Resldentlcl Wade Red colon dcMd a Mufch or compost yard waste at rat'dences e Reuse glass, plastic, metal and cardboard containers a Use non-disposable versus disposable items 6 Reduce or reuse shopping bags e Repair items Instead d discarding them and purchasing new ones e Purchase concentrated products to reduce packaging e Purchase durable goods In place of disposable goods tpmmerclat. instl donal anI WusWal Waste RBd,rNA rlvhlea I e Conduct a waste audit to determine where waste reductions and recycling opportunities sxl~*t a Improve resource management e Reuse containers, file Icld6rs and other materiels a Use two-sided reports I e Procure In bulk to reduce packaging e Invig In waste reduction equlpmenl and machinery e Mulch or compost yard and landscape waste e Recycle production waste within manufacturing processes In order to be successful, source reduction programs requlre that IndWual Public education residents and twsinesses take action to reduce the amounts of waste generated. local governments can encourage the necessary changes In Economic Incentives disposal patterns through; 01 public education efforts Ott economic Incentives 0ed (fill Iogl& measures. Legislative Measures Public Information programs encourage residents and business leaders to ' evalyats their waste generation hatAs and make them aware of the wMronmenW, economic and social impacts of waste generatlotr, collection and disposal. The public Information program should provide delalls on how waste reductions can be achieved, eltematlveI to current practices and the areiclpsted benefits of the program. Anotho" Important facet of a successful public Information program Ia public Input. Through participatory programs whore residents and business leaders have an opportunity to discuss various Momenta of the program, program sponsors can be made aware of the program's City of Denton ' 9•t2 r f'rtlirnLtary Master flan ~r ~~r. FIGURE 3.17: PRIMARY WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS AND TECHNOLOGIES Source Reduction Programs Public Information Economic Incentives Econwmk; disincentives Legislative strategies I Ag=11ng Programs Public Information Collection and processing Market development Composes Programs Backyard composting Yard waste composting Municipal solid waste composting Combustion Programs Mass bum Refuse darNed fuel systems Fluidized bed combustion Landfill and Waste Transfer I Type I landfills Landfill expansion methods Transfer stations &Nhd Wasfa Manaaament I Reduction Recycling Inck*mtion Landfill I Crly of Datto+t 3.13 ' P►r1LnLurry Masts Plant strengths and weaknesses as well as recelve suggestions on how to address weaknesses. Residences In Oenton currently receive waste collection and disposal services In comparison with other partse for $10.65 per month. In comparison to other parts of the country, this Is a of the country, Oenton relatively low charge for these services so residents and businesses currently residences have low cost have lime economic Incentives to reduce the amount of waste generated. collection and disposal services. Economic Incentive and dlslncenlfve programs are designed to promote waste reductions through grants, financial assistance, higher disposal charges and fees on the generation of specific types of waste. In order to reduce the cost and social opposition to these types of programs and Increase public participation, an aggressive public Information program should precede economlc Incentives and disincentives. New state legislation requires that cities and counlles In the State establish In- house City Hall or County Courthouse waste reduction and recycling programs. In add'nlon, local entitles may choose to mandate residential or commercial waste reduction or ban the disposal of certaln materials In the waste stream. Local governments have an opportunity to provide kcal leadership In changing waste generating practices by demonstrating that waste reduction and recycling can be adopted wkhout major Impacts to operations. Certain local governments in the U.S. have adopted ordinances banning the disposal of materials such as cartain plastics and household hazardous materials which are deemed to have slgnlflcant negative Impact on the envbonment or can result In significant landfill savings as In the case of yard waste disposal bans. These bans generally result In significant public opposition and tocal governments must cleany present the reasons for such bens or other regulations, as well as Information describing clear alternatives to banned products. Major Implementation issues for source reduction and waste minimlzalion I programs are outlined In figure 3.18. Recycting Programs Certain materWs In the waste stream can be recovered for use as a resource In the production of goods. Materials generally considered recyclable inciuda paper, glass, aluminum, ferrous metals, plastics, used oll, and yard wastes, These materials (excluding yard waste) can account for up to 40 percent of the overall waste otream, but material recycling programs typlcatly can recover between 10 to 15 percent of the local waste fraction. Reasons for lower recovery rates Include less than 100 percent program participation, material contamination, and unava1abhlty of viable or consistent markets for some maleriafa, Aecycing Is not a now concept but municipal and county government's role as Public Information a major facilitator of recycling activities u a relatively recent phenomena. Ways that local' governments can encourage Individuals and businesses to recycle Material Collectlon and Include the following programs: lit twblic Information rAmoalans (III ~ler °I Processing al]d txocessina end (itll market development efforts. Public Information campaigns ere designed to provlds residents and businesses Market Oevelopmdnt with Informatlal concerning the benefits of recycling and available oppo&joltles for program participation, In order to reduce costs, recycling public Infocnutlon C11y of D& tan 3-14 he&nbtauy Master Plan FIGURE 3.18 SOURCE REDUCTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES PROGRAM OPTIONS STRATEGY ISSUES Public Information residential target audience schools media business/Industry fiscal resources all of above pudic feedback Economic Incentives grants flnanclal resources rebates tern of program Economic pay per beg public opposition Disincentives pay per we;ght collectlon method higher tip fees legal authority record keeping Legislative Measures product/disposal public opposition bans mllable alternatives In-house programs cost of In-house programs D Pn bm0fk&qmMa0ef Plan 9 1 ti T X_ - IIP- -qpqv programs are often tied with other messages, such as source reduction kdormatlon and program status reports. The key to achieving high recovery rates for marketable recovered materials Is Participation Is largely a functlon increased participation rates. Participation largely Is a function of level of of convenience. convenience. To Increase participation in recycling efforts, local governments can establish convenlent collection and processing strategies. There are a wide array of collection options evallable to local governments Including drop-off centers, buy-back centers and curbside collection using reusable bins or recyclable bags. Colloction strategles examined Include the fdiowing. • Drop-off cantors • Buy tack centers • Source separation, sorted by residents e Source separation, curbsort by collection crews • Source separation, commingted racyclables separately colected • Source separation, commingled recy6ables, combined collection. • Processing of selected loads e Mixed waste collection e Construction/demolklon waste collectlon Once collected, the materials must be processed to meet and-use market requirements. Processing can be accomplished at either an Intermediate processing center (IPC) or a material recovery facility (MRF). Processing, at both types of facilities Includes material separation, quality control and preparation for transport to the market(s). The dlfference between an IPC and a MRF Is that an IPC Is designed to process source separated materials, while a MRF Is designed to recover materials from the generat waste stream. Figures 3.19 and 3.20 illustrate an IPC and a MRF. Materials cannot be recycled unless there is a viable market. Currently, the Materials cannot be recycled region has strong markets for aluminum, ferrous and certain grades of paper. unless there Is a market. However, to Increase recovery rates, long-term markets must be developed for plastics, newsprint, tires, used oil and other recyclable materials. Local governments can assist In the development of markets through procurement policies and economic incentives such as grants and favorable tax policies, Under the now "Omnibus Recycling BNI' (SO 4310), local governments in the State have ufAN September 1993 to Implement a procurement polcies that p) reduce any Impedknents to purchasing recycled products and nn provide a preference for recycled products. Major Implementation Issues for recycling programs are presented In Figure 3- 21. Composting Systems The organs fraction of the MSW can be processed to produce a condftloner Yard wests elmIlar to peat moss. Compost projects now In operatkxt Include: fp Yard waste goW ivitem and fin combined MSW comoostlno. The composting process Sludge Involves pre-processing of materials, digestion, curing and post-processing. This technology his been widely proven when source separated yard waste has MSW been used as the feedstock for the process; however, MSW composting Is still not a completely proven full scale technology. There may also exist the potential for co-composting yard waste or MSW with sludge. Sludge can provide necessary nutrients and moisture, dependent upon the customers D City of Dorton 3-16 Pm mbuvy Master Plan FIGURE 3.119 WAS ALVw"Ju M7 GkSS PLO CRWSHEPtl r----r.. CLASS r. r"RglSS WrNtR^fdt L S1iRCDOtr ~ ~ y 3 i i NUWIAM s s i i S[POV~TOr i ~ l- JH~MTOR MACKV SCAM Ill m out "N ca«+ra }`j ~jSAiIOM KKM I AIWr ~ >70M svpmfoll MIXED RECYCLABLE PROCESSING LINE BEZNER MACHINERY PROCESS SOURCE; BEZNER MACHINERY , City of Denton 3.17 PreUmlrtaiy Muster Pkm FIGURE 3.20 N W YM d'M~I MY ~i ni ' ~Jf Z'[1 -":I ul. ❑l: .:'.1 ut`. __1 P,i,'J:. r ~ rvR I X11 ii .>al Wr mw-~~ ~ 11 ~11nN I CRI„1 ~1 ' [r. ~ Y•.•R1,uM1Y i ~ 1 I ~ ] I ~ 1 n+ e 1 s+ s e t ~ `.~+r a r 1 x s x a e . h r ' ~ -aa w 1 I i I = r .WN W"- Ti ~p .„1 wrl ' 11 Y r.r M !n•W YIM f .q~.~MNb 01 10, m~ici nwlJ ~m.e +Mw .~f y M. ~In.'y I^Ry~yy rjl • ate •ri• nl p~Wr W'MY M M1iYM S.L~ . M l~~.l~ rMM1~ 1 ~'tYTMY11 •rVA row, +r_lYl` _ fi 1 4 . I,RW`. NMI ` D ra be..% ft 101 NIOIA► CklOVN _ r`w •1 I I I I Nure 5.41 Public TarQM Media Program Information Audtenoe Admin. residential print fiscal resources schools radio stalf reclulrements buslnessAndustry lelevislon regional vs local all of above others CdlodlpJ Mtlerltl COIIeC"On Process nq pwnershlp ~FIn2nNnQ ConrructloN Processing Selecllon 11 0 aNllon aluminum drop-oll direct to market public bonds expansion capabtbtles paper buy-bath PC private general hinds additional materials glass curbside - source MRF quail-public enterprise lunds lerrous separated plastics curbside - mixed other commerclal collection Merkel Markel Procurement O"Opment Meads Program tong-term supply current material use long-term demand pralerances raqulred { public Information gists regulations Recycling Program Implementation Issues 3.19 i I i I served by the wastewater treatment lacility. there may be concerns about the potential for heavy metal contamination H sludge Is added to the process. The following Is a brief descrlption of the basic composting steps described above. Preprocessing Is designed to (i) remove noncompostible materials such as metals. glass and plastics, 01) size the material through shredding or other means, and (III) add moisture to maintain the required levels. The digestion process is where the actual composting occurs. Digestion systems Inctudo low. technology static piles that hava minimal equipment and labor requirements, or more complex enclosed mechanical systems. Figure 3-22 illustrates the general Now of materials through various composting strategies. Selection of the approprlale system depends on what materials are being composted, storage capabilities and required digestion periods. Curing and post-processing steps are designed to assure markelabllhy of the compost product. Including compost quality and delivery requirements. Major Implementation Issues by task for composting systems are presented In Figure 3.23. Waste-to-Energy Systems Waste-to-energy systems are designed to bum municipal solid waste (MSW) for Mass Burn volume reduction and recovery of energy In the form of process steam or steam for generating electricity. There ere two options waste-to-energy options RDF currently available: (1) mass burn systems and (10 refuse derived fuel (RDF) systems. Mass bum systems Include modular and ~ eld•erected units. In general, mass bum systems are designed to accept MSW with minimal preprocessing. The waste Is fed directly into the combustion and boiler unit where steam is generated to be piped dkectly to an end-user or sent to a turbine for generating electricity. Figure 3-24 illustrates a general configuration of a fletd erected mass bum system. Air emissions are controlled through good combustion practices, a dry scrubber for acid gas removal and either a fabric filter or baghouse for removal of particulate. The unbumed material, or bottom ash, is combined with residue from the air pollution control system (fly ash) and Is typically disposed In a separate ash monof ll. Current Texas regulations classify Incinerator ash as a "special waste` which may be disposed in a Type I sanitary landfill. Refuse derived fuel systems process the raw MSW to produce a more homogeneous fuel product. This processing Includes waste screening and sftredding. To perform these tasks there are a variety of mechanical systems available, such as trommels, disc screens, magnets, and hamr, rmills. Processing also allows for the recovery from the mixed MSW stream of certain matertAte (ferrous and aluminum) for recycling. Figure 3.25 shows materiel flows thwdgh a RDF processing facility. Once processed, the RDF catr,a burned In a dedicated combustion facility or Spreader Stoker burned In combination with other fuels such as coal. Combustion alternatives for RDF knclude: (1) spreader stoker, ill) fluidized bad combustion systems and fluidized Bed plq co-combustion. Co-combustlon Involves the combustion of both MSW and other fuels such as coal or wood. Energy generated from the ROF can be Co-combustlon recovered directly In the form of steam, as electricity, or both. Control of air emlasions and ash disposal Is accompllshed In the same manner as In mass bum facilities. City of Demon 3.20 PhelimLtmy Mager Plan I FIGURE 3-22 SHREDDER r FERROUS REMOVAL COARSE SOLID WASTE 6L FEED 000 C L J REEN . J ♦ O O O O 0 O REJECTS s.! TO LAW ILL r r L r. r r r r r r r r r r r r . r. r r r r. r SOLID wASTE STORAGE • wINDROW ` FINE SCREEN GE CURI REJECTS , MIXER `5871iYXXd -11110. TO EWA R • y LANDFILL I~ I IN•VESSEL RECYCLED REACTOR COMPOST TO MARKET L (OPTIONAL) r . . . r r COMPOSTING SYSTEM 3.21 FIGURE 3.23 1 1 f System Silinp Ownership Parmdlinq FlnanclnQ Procuramenl ConslruclVOnl I Opu al Ian f DaNnlllon _ bonds archllec Uenolneer wills scfeenino Sizing technology selection envlral quality public loSWIG de s{alnQ markal N nood naedf prlvNa luderal EPA I.pNnq Iws turnkey site monilorinp compost martial locat opposition quasi public others Weratrunds tult•sarvica waste haul dlslanoe Compost sales residue dlsposat dlstanoa repulalory constraints Compost Program Impfementatlon Issues 3-22 i FIGURE 3-24 1 ,I i _ 1r- l--Aar am w Wr "n ' SMOL" -id! Yaa Miff= .f7 e4L L~ AW&UN x xni"l V I BLU rerW Y[A0~'m ~4,IOU1ia MASS-BURN FIELD-ERECTED FACILITY 3.23 FIGURE 3-25 Primary CC===* Shredder Tipping Floor Ferrous Secondary Air Magnetic Shredder Separation Separator RDF ~ O Dlec Screens '1h" Ferrous Magma Separator Aelacls lot' Landfill R**U to landfill Boilers Oenenrors ESP Electricity i RDF Steam Cosl L, Steam SOURCE: HDR Ash AMES RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM ass I JI 1 1 I 1 Major Implementation Issues end a typical Implementation schedule by task for combustion facilities are presented In Figure 3.26. Sanitary Landfill and Landfill Extension Systems Regardless of the waste management systems selected by Denton, there will be Long-term need for IandfJIs. a need for landfill capacity to dispose nonrecovered materials and residue. TWC regulations define minimum landfill design, constructkn operation and closure standards. In addition to technical requirements, 1"I'll owners must maintain responstbltty for the she for a minimum of 30 years following closure. Landfills have evotvcd significantly from tl- - lays of local dumps. Design and operating features Include liners; leachate control, collection and treatment systems, methane gas control systems; daly cover and long-term cover. Figure 3-27 illustrates the prinuiry Natures of one modem stateof'he-art landfill. Modern design and operating features are intended to reduce the Impacts of waste disposal on water and air resources, reduce litter and odors, and reduce the long-term environmental Impacts of the Ms. I In addition to state regulations, the federal governmer.! Is In the process of Implementing more stringent regulations under Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). These regulations will add to the complexity of site ownership, operation and long-term liability. Because of these regulatk,ns, many smatter landfills are now in the process of closing in order to reduce their potential future liability. i Existing larOll capacity in Denton may be extended through: p) new lanxdtdls, pq she expansions, 01I) waste baling, (Iv) operational modifications regarding compaction and cover, (v) selective bars on the types of materials accepted at the she. Major Implementation Issues for sanitary landfills are presented In Figures 3.20. Transfer Stations Transfer stations are facilities where waste is transferred from the collection vehicle to larger vehicles for more efficient long-distance haul to the landfill. Facilities may kw,orp rate simple open-top, noncompacted designs to more elaborate facilities that Include some form of material recovery systems and Compaction capablllles (Figure 3.29). Special Waste Management Managing even small quantities of special m stes such as used oil, tires, household hazardous waste, can cause significar t problems for generators and landfill operators. Typically, private sector generators of hazardous materials, are responsible for securing safe transport and disposal. Regulations are In place which make the generator responsible for these materWs from the'cradle to the grave.- Special waste can either be reduced, recycled, landflled or Incinerated. Most medical waste, dented as 'Special Waste from Health Care Related Faclhles', may also be Inclneratal or sterilized by other methods, such as steam sterilization, and then landfill xd. n City of Denton _ 3.25 J Preliminary Matter Plan f r r FIGURE 3.26 Sysrom Siting pwnersNp Permitting Financinq Procurement pelinillon ConslruCUOM gperauons ` bonds selection envtronmenlal quality public stale s architect/engineer waste screening market needs private federal EPA I ppinQ lees turnkey sha monitoring siting energy market local Opposi110n quasi-DUDAC others genrral funds lull service en ronmenla mtx+nor nQ waste NO distance ash haul distance regulatory constraints I 1 Combustion Program Implementation Issues 3.2© ® SOLID WASTE ® DAILY COVER ® PROTECTIVE SOIL LAYER ® GEOTEXTILE (FILTER FABRIC) © FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE LINER © GRAVEL EMBEDMENT ® PERFORATED COLLECTOR PI"E ® SAND DRAIN LAYER O CLAY LINER r 0 I COMPOSITE LINER SUBGRAOE LEACHATE COLLECTION .J ~ HDA Engineerlnq.Inc. hit Typleal Subtitle D Landfill Details 3-27 FIGURE 3-27 FIGURE 3.26 SreteT Siting Ownsigblp Ploculemenl rlnancing Cm11VU07W Cbeure PoettblWo Definition OPlraim siilnq environmental public "CAitoWit"jinal bmde lino a And cop ehemonlionng / lrolom design cwtWorotbne pdvalt turnkey genirel fund cover vegltallvl Cover pool<beure tilde nee dteloopondon pwkot oppoollion Quad-qubllc lull-NrNU entelpdfl fund campoctilA land Nlr gu coniror development poA-bowl/uN prOlliTn~lo Fe/to user b• Iuclule cedicilonj IinanNd Ngonelbilllr d'spc sel poetilowl t ceggntrulldd old cbntlnlnle TDH logutapml Mla nmenVmmlla ing bubude 0 (lederei( land use sae Mwwrg II I Landfill Program Implementation Issues 3.28 FIGURE 3.29 LOADER PACKER TRUCK STORAGE ,t / WO f TO LANDFILL I ' II Non-Compacted Transfer Station i LOADER PACKER TRUCK STORAGE TO STATloNARY LANDFILL COMPACTOR Compacted Transfer Station 3.29 yi iT } i Ii1 1 I Waste tires in Texas must be shredded, shed, or quartered before they can be disposed In a landfill. The state has adopted a $2.00 per tire fee, that is charged when the tire Is purchased. Funds generated from this fee will be used to dean-up existing lire dump sties, to subsidize tire shredding operations when shredded tires are rat disposed In landfills, and to develop a market for recycling tires. I ~ 1 / I II I i I i i i creliOf Demon ~ DP 3 minary Master Plan 3.0 SYSTEM COMPARISON Each of the disposal systems described above have their own specific advantages and disadvantages. The following text and tables present a comparison of how these options relate to each other with respect to the draft evaluation criteria. These criteria Include the following. • Environmental protection • Technical re;lability • Cost reduction • Political acceptance • Risk control • System reduction Environmental Protection The primary environmental concerns associated with solid waste management Impacts to water, air and land. are impacts to land, air, water resources and potential nuisances such as litter and noise. Figure 330 Is a summary of the major environmental Impacts associated with the various programs and technologies. Available pollution control technologies are also provided. One of the primary environmental criteria typically considered when evaluating Disposal Space Conservation available waste management options Is the potential for reducing land disposal requirements. Reductions can be achieved through source reduction efforts, material recovery through recycling or composting, and combustion. Figure 3- 31 presents the estimated percentages of materials that can be recovered based on the experience of other programs sponsored nationally. Figure 331 presents the principal factors that will determine whether recovery Is in the high or low end of the range presented. The recovery and conservation of resources is another environmental evaluatkrt Recovery of Resources criterion. Figure 331 also presents the resource recovery potentials for the varloua programs and technologies. For material recycling, composting and waste-to-energy programs, the ability to recover either materials or energy from the waste stream Is self-evident. It Is, however, necessary that some form of market be avalable for the recovered materiels, compost or energy. Otherwise, the source separated materials wilt have to be landfiled. Incineration systems only serve as a volume reduction measure. While source reduction programs do not recover materials, there can be significant resource and energy .-mservabon results brought about through more efficient use of materials. For example, U a longer life product Is purchased, one product can meet a consumer's needs Irwoad of two or more disposable products to meet the same need (e.g., cloth versus disposable diapers). Landfill systems can Incorporate energy recovery features, specifically methane gas recovery and use. Landfill mining has also been attempted recently; however, 8 Is too early to judge the success or failure of these efforts. Technical Reliability 1 To meet Denton's long-term waste disposal needs, it is essential that selected programs and technologies are reliable and able to meet disposal needs on a continuous basis. Measures of reliability include the level of successful operating experience associated with a partkuiar option, level of sophistical lon, and the amount of control the operator has over the system's design and C4 of Derdon 331 ~T Prelin trmy Master Plan 1 1R I I F)GURE 3-30: ENVIAONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CONTAOL TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS I Waste Management Atemall4ti Environmental Comm Control Technology f Sow" Reduction 1 Public Education not applicable Backyard Composting • local odor problems . proper compost malarial management Legislative Mandate • not applicable fttgvll Orop-oH linter/Buyback . titter, odor and other nuisances • adequate facility maintenance Curbside Collsorl Increased traffic related use of bag container system, routs to addidonat collections and processing facility site setection I iPC and MAP . dust (particulate matter) • proper ventilation d coitecUon (filter or cyclone) oonsctlon • process water • pretreatment, wastewater treatment • landfill disposal of resFdw • landfill Malarial Processing • air emissions and discharges • adequate air and water pollution related to material processing control systems r^ sync . dust - proper wntilatlon d odlection (filter or cyclone) odor . avoidance of anserobic conditions in windrows or In-vessel treatment • leachate • rnwitadng, Collection, prstreatrnent & r discharge land disposal of residue lan"ll CRty Ol1)CFItOn 332 T PreWnuRary Master Plan FIGURE 130: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAf' TS AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS (CONTINUED) Watts Managementlrl Alternative Environmental Concern Controt Technology ! Combult" prooewmg • duet • proper ventilation, oolleewn (cyclone or filter) • proof" water treatment • collection, pretreatment, wastewater • air emissions Combustion • good combustion rracticee. dry scrubber and f*Wc baghouse fitter or electrostatic • precipitator r • testing, disposal at appropriate site W"tilTranaoodallon Stomas It H"lina Tran rtetbn ~ • aaffia problems, nor" and • proper planning, titinp and design; air pollution, litter and odor reduction of storage periods; proper handling In enclosed areas for storage Storage -pollution, litter and odor • storage periods, proper handling in enclosed arcs for storage Llln0llircl III • reactive organic ga"*, toxic • 0011e0". and venting, flaring, or energy Organic gases recovery • Isachale generati m • reduction of infiltration, containment, monitoring, collection S treatment land until for future use compaction, proper closure, long-term eon oonteminstion malntenance, closure design • • rsduatlon In amount of hazardous ww materials entering tandRA dud proper never, wmpactlon. blow tenors, covered trucks, site maldenana • 00ar, t actors r i of Denton 3-33 ~ ® ftehmina ly Master Plan t J FIGURE 3-91: RESOURCE RECOYERY POTENTIAL FOR VARIOUS PROGRAMS ANO TECNNOIOGIES Impact on f9vend Prodw+. Waste Stream Eacicra afl110(22r waste e~ 'krwi of education effort Sours RaducUan 2,t0X none '4001 of oortwnunity suppooMmentl of commercial and industrial sector partlotpatfon 00001 of waste disposal Recycitng and 5.25% aluminum, rasa, Racyctlnq with an fenous, nonferrous, Paper, Mewl of eduction effort iPC metals plasdo level of community ro wpport/i •curbalde of r dropgff programs 'frequency of co ockm r .number of materials targeted •separstlon requirements 'teval of commercial and Industrial sector Put(dpasw 'available material mukete •evailiNlity cf an n I Yard Waste 2-5A compost Composting 'lever of Public education 'level of oommuniy support/inierest 'materlah targeted for oomposting 'maAiet w use for compost Sold Waste 50-60% compost 'facility capacity Composting 'avallable compost markets •sepa atlti n~ used and source "am warts-toEnergy 65-75% steam find/or erecMciy -facility i:apfidy •market for energy 'technology Wilted candgltirhg 0% landfitl gas 'IfindAM design, wnstrucWn and operation Gay Of Demon 3-34 P1'Cr!I/nlnOoy 1kQ.ftfl Plan h I operation. Figure 3.32 presents a summary how the options explored 'n this report compare with respect to relative reliability and factors that affect thelt ability to provide long-term service. Technical rellablity Is a function of how well the facility Is designed, constructed Technical Reliability and maintained. Acceptable facility design, construction and malmenance are, to a Large extent, a function of facility complexity, the level of experien e associated with the technology and the facUbta9 economic farsitAity. Complex system design aril/or operating requirements will likely lead to greater chances for facility shut do.vns and the iength of shut downs tend to be longer do:e to the fact that problems are more difficult to Identify. As the level of experience Increases with a certain technology, h becomes easier for designers to identify III potential problem areas and address these Issues. I In the case of 'programs', where residents and business participation i3 key to the success of the program (as In source reduction and material recydtng i programs), relatAity will be a function of tow well the pubic Information campaign Is delivered and the sense of urgency associated with said waste i managemenr. The econom!cs associated with a technology or program will also affect relfabllty K cost is used as the only measwing stick In selecting a specific option. 11 Is very possible that facility vendors wih attempt to cut corners in design and use cheaper construction materials In order to secure contracts. Also, If operating costs are higher or revenue streams are lower than anticipated, facility maintenance may be reduced, leading to greater than antepated da.vntime. Related to system reliability is the ease In which programs or technaogles can Minimal Maintenance be operated. The more complicated the system, the greater the potential for system breakdown. Therefore, the selected system should require: 0) minimal Minimal Staffing maintenance and equipment r%k'acsments, P] have minimal staffing requirements, {iii) redLkv hand separ, tion needs and {iv) be safe to operate. Minimal Hand Separntlon Figure 333 presents a s:nmmary of olivationat issues relatad to each of the options discussed. Safe to Operate Cost Mlnimintlon Estimated cost ranges for programs and technoiogles are shown In Figure 334. These coels are based on those experiences of other programs. Actual costs for specific rvajocts is dependent on the approach taken by Denton. When examining costs for reduction and recovery programs, certain communities have Included landflt reductions In the determination of the system's net cost. Under a disposal agreement where costs are directly correlated to disposal quantifies, this cost savings can be quantified. However, as Denton owns its own landfill, the cost savings are much more difficult to quantify due to the capital Intensive nature of landfill operations. It is difficult, especially over a short-term period, to make slgnftrA capital and operating reductions based on antklpcted rc luctlons In the waste stream while at the same time Insuring that a reliable and ernAronmentaly sound disposal system Is maintained. Therefore, the cost and revenue estimates presen;:ad in Figura 334 do not Include a landfill cost reduction element. Cry of u 335 160 Prrliminmy Matter Plan 1 ` FICIIRE 537: SYSTEM REUABIUTY `f r Program Systems In Operation _ Issue Factors Source Reduction Public Education Numerous Program success relies on • ongoing program citizan action . tits message • adequate resources has to be transferred into • use existing mater;ale ac ton • use of a variety of media Backyard Composting Unknown, typically Program Success fallee on a ongoing education included In public citizen action; kKpMuW • demonstration programs education program efforts must be done property • possible mandatory or nulsances will be created participation lissr Fees Numerous and CNfsena discouraged r Gtissns must make ft • notices In collection Will connection between the level of • public hearings at time of the user fee and the amount of rata changes f waste generated • sst We at a high level eag/Tag Programs Few In o ration Pe Gtizens must make the set fees at a high level connection between the teal of • print promotional messages the bag/tag cost and the on bags amolml of waste generated Packaging Flestrlctions Few In operation packagers must not ordy . business sector support substitute packaging materfee, . ability to adopt but reduce the amount of ordinances locally packaging used to reduce ditpceW needs BEAU Orow Numerous Program requires voluntary • public education participation and available • convenient ktcatlons MIA*% for materials. • proper design • target materials with markete Curbside Colloolon Numerous Typically involve voluntary . public education putidpetion; but programs can • wtainen provided requlrs mandatory particlpation, • frequent collection Iften enforcement is required. • messages placed on Markote for materlale must be oontalner availabfe, • target materials with markets Program requires voluntary • public education Buyback Approxlmsfaty 10,000 participation and available • comenienl locations markets for materials • proper design • targof materials with markets City of Denton y M 336 ] PrrliinLun lary Masser Plan I i 1 I FIGURE 3-32: SYSTEM RELIABILITY ZOONTINUEM Program Systems in Operation Issue _ Factors Appraxlmacdy 35 in Relauvefy now system for ctwLfled vendors I operation and 35 processing recovered materials • review existing faoilitios planned and then we a vwisty of designs . sound ml oquitoWs available, low tech process. agreements Requires markets for malertals. 0 facillry design to Inoorporsto flexibility • long-term materials flow and market arrangement m n Numerous leaf Lack of experlenoo associated • pilot pr,)grame oompoWng; few gross with gram Composting, conotant material market assessment oompastiv systems flow of matrlalo and use W Yard Waste compost product. I/ Sofid Waste Composting Two 5W tpd tcilitlea, Lack of operating axperlence, • strange for agreement six under 500 tpd market W products are placing as much risk an questionable, $Wom history Is private sector as possible weak. x establish proossing and environmental guarantees Combustlon Man sum 107 In operation; Require at least 3.4 weeks of • qualified and experienced I! Includes ROF periodic downtimes for vendor mleccon scheduled and unschedutod . proven tochlalogy malmonancea, energy markW In . private sector operation the eau of steam may or may • eetbtlah proooeaing, not be %*our*, snvlronmenW and energy recovery guorent"I • provide for future electric generation should sham market be eliminated POF pee mass burnt More Complicated proassing • qualified end experienced squtprvent. Ability to stn" kuooessfully convert coal ballsrs . prawn technology ro bum ROF has mixed results. . print sector operation Markets for ROF oan be a • kstabfish environmental, problem. processing and energy recovery guarantees • provide for future Neatro generafon should steam market be eliminated LandfillI00 7,500 In operstlon Increased regulations make x adequate enginN9ng design, construction and x propof siting operations mae oomplicaled P~ P of Denton 337 7 ~ " PreGinLUVra7y Master Ptah FIGURE 3-03: EASE OF OPERATION Program Issue Factors Source Reduction Public Education IMde audience to reach In Region; variety of a use of existing materials messagoo to convey a rely on community groups and other media a utlllze school systems Backyard Composting Ditrocutty convincing residents to change a Include as part of public existing yard maintenance practices edue"on a demonstration programs User Fees Requires significant staff increases tw fee a public hearings administration, ootleccon and enforoemenl, a coilocl fees on quarterly paditicalty diffcun to edopl baste a require a depoal of some farm r i Bag/Tag Programs Oistiibution of bags and enforcement msy a provide for retell tale of require slgnlficent gaff Increases, Bags or tags dedicated bags must be procured conflnuwsy. a public education a ooordinsle with existing enforcement practlcas Packaging Restrictions Politically difficult to employ. a eeare oooperawn of private eemor a promote voluntary %tep$ hcvcllno Ovopcfl Retatlvey stay to operate, few staff a public education required • low technology "tam a periodic malMOnance a staffed Wted to Insure proper operations Curbside Collection Requires elgnlflcant staff and equipment a public education additions to existing waste ootiection a blue boo apprcach to eyetem • low lechnology option reduce collection needs a housohotd material wparation requirements e adequate collection stiff Buyback Relatfwty easy to operate; few gaff a public education required to operate centers a periodic maintenance System designs vary, but ail require a gragu usa of iow~tsch PC mixture o1 manual and mechanical mechanical systems separation; safety is major issue due to a private operation manual Contact with recovered maledsls g a low value markets (but sating weigh mooing economics) Cky of Denton 3,39 PmWnbtay Master Plan hR FIGURE 7.73; EASE OF OPERATION (CONTINUED) Program Issue Factors CoMgQstlno Yard Waste Yard waste collection systems will add to a etas wHh leaf oompodno eolleetion rpuVsmenta. Leaf oomposting 0 feasible relatively simple, grass systems more • malntaln proper complex. Carbon/nitrogen ratios • proparly mainuln piles * mechankal systems Significant amount of source separation • experienced vendor and Solid Was , and materials proaeaing Involved. Safety technology hues are relevant due to possible manual a long-term market with contact during separation, spectfk nqulrementa • !roper l cloW/construction Ccmbu7llcm Complex ms uivar"t to eysN eq power plant o experienced vendor and opafabWs. For a 2000 ton per day facility, technology Mau Bum approxknately 70 trained staff required, x adherenos to malntanena schedulas proper design/oonstructlon ROF Complex systems equivalent to oowar plant • smWenad vendor or oparatiom. AtataAal 11111 o Is a mryor equipment operational consideration. . facility designed to meet Markel requirements proper do4n/oonstruction LAndtfillina Regulations concerning oparetione x proper becoming much more stringent regarding dNign/oonstructkM maintenance and environmental protection. s dueadoo bund for Fxpeold, not current reouletlone iaDfton ry M 39 L~] CUY Pm of PrrJirninary Hasler Plan I it FIGURE 134; COST CONSIDERATIONS Program 3/ton Factors Source Reduction public Education 1020 ability to uN exlatinE media Backyard Cam posUng 1020 Include as part of education program User Fee _ generator of revenue for Integrated system; fee collection coats Sag/Tag Program 35-90 recovery coats through bag/tag casts Packaging Reank; Ions higher costs for consumer Goode @m&Ily Oro"" 25-115 number, design and location of altar; participation rata Curbside CollecrUcA 90120 household cost equal $1 to 13 per month Buyback Cantor 25173 number, design and location of ones; P"clpatlon was IPC 5.10 ledtlty operational cost gown off-set try rn@WW Was Camcoa8rp Yard Waste 5080 oollsoWn "am used, matorlars oomposted; available market Bald WoMe 4050 generally unknown due to lack or axpedenoe Combustion Mau Bum 95 80 avallabkf market Is S2.2 1/2 par kwh; cap" cost 51,000,000120,000 per ton day of apaoity ROF 5090 unoeruln market In regbn, appal cost are p- al to mass burn systems II 1520 regulatory Impacts wM Increase 0041 of constructing and operating lacilltios D Cry n0f eDary nMon aer Plan 3-M L* 1 L,L ~ 6 l It should be recognized that when reviewing these costs that 'here are Economies of Scale significant economies of scale associated with facility design, construction and opteration. This 13 processing cen errs, composting facilities, combustion projects and landfills. The cost of permitting and engineering a large facility, are often very dose to the cost Incurred for smaller facilities. Any cost savings realized through larger centralized facilities must be examined fn light of higher haul costs due to groater distances from the point of generation to disposal. Political Acceptance implementing a solid waste management program Is becoming Increasingly Poll!"I Acceptance difficult from a political standpoint Increasing costs to provide service, siting facilities and addressing community environmental concerns have mada h much more difficult for local governments to Insl huts programs and technologies. The Understarxling of F*oblem primary way io decrease political opposition to a program Is through public Informallon and community Involvement in decisions. Additional ways to decrease public opposition include careful she selection, pilot programs demonstrating the success of programs and utilization of best available control equlpment for reducing any air emissions or residue disposal. Figure 3-35 presents the major areas of concern expressed by local residents when specific programs are initiated. System Control Because of potential liabilities associated with waste management and the expected cost increases, the need to maintain some degree of control over programs and acAhles Is becoming Increasingly Important for decislons makers. Control over system design, construction and operation are largely determined through Institutional decisions such as ownership and procurement approaches. A local government's program and technology election can also be a actor In determining the level of control over program success or failure and future flatAhles. For example, legislative bans on the generation of certain materials or mandatory participation strategies provide local officials with a significant amount of control over waste management. However, the benefits of these approaches need to be carefully weighed against potential political opposition and Increases In Illegal dumping. Risk Rsductlon Risks associated with managing solid waste include environmental risks such Environmental Risks as knpacts togroundwaterand air resources, cost increases and systern failure. Aisle reduction can be managed two ways: transfer risks to another unit of government or the private sector or selectkot of low risk programs and Cost Risks technologies. Risk transfer to largely achieved through ownership and System Failure contractual arrangements. It should be recognized that when risk is transferred to another party, control over the system decreases and costs typically increase. - C4 of Diertton 341 PYrUMbiary Master Plan L^Q'3 FIGURE 3.33; pOUTICAL/SOCIAL IMPLICATION I r Rogrern Issues Mitiosting Factors I Sours Fled ctirA Public Education FJndamental to public acceptance of system Backyard Composting Little opposition unless made mandatory User Feea Has been 00cfilly difficult to adopt in • clearty, define program goals and Rag ion, removal level of control from costs budget decision pmc • public hearings on the statue of Set rate lands to be regressive in nature • monthly sea could equal $10.24 Per household packaging Restriction POINT oppoeltkzn n om private sector • wort owards voluntary participation oonaming mandatory bane. Consumer firs, ooncems regarding costs Sitcjcling DroptK centers Ends opposition; siting for convenience • ailing j to all Flegton should be considered I Ourbeide Uttis public opposition; program should • availability to program be equitably devskzpod. Opposition to • voluntary versus mandatory addlttonal separation requlremnla programs • pfoyWa owle,lner fret at minimal food Buyback Canter LM4 oppow siting for oonvenience • revenue pravided as addW ooW to all Region shouts be considered soonomlc Incentive IPC Siting opposition will occur a provide some form of commur suppod for site r Gomoo Hnaa Siring Issues I Carttralfzed Yard Waste Additional source separation Compo"on requirements Bond Waste Composting Siting Issues • host community reimbursement Combustion I Mess Burn Siting issues • utilize bed available control • hod o0mmunily reimbursement Conarna about environmental impact • utilize best available control ROF Wog issues • host community reimbursement Concerns about environmental Impact LAO= SWng Issues • utilize boil avallable oonlrol • host community reimbursement wMak Concerns about environmental Impact Clly of DCJt1W1 3-42 he&nlnary Masser Plan ~a ~cj►`` Proper system selection, adequate planning and consistent monftoring can also reduce risks. The primary technical risk reduction measure available, Is to select proven tachnoiogles and work with project developers who are qualined and have demonstrated success In operating selected systems. Insthutional Issues In order to Implement the above waste management strategies, Denton will have to make decisions concerning system procurement, financing and ownership. Depending on the specific strategies selected, the decisions can have a major Impact on future, risk posItion, control over the system and system costs. Procurement is the method by which the local govemment purchases waste management facihles, equipment and materials. Generally, low cost, nondurable materials are procured using traditional methods of obtaining goods and services, I.e. requisition and payment using general fund or other fund i resources. For ma]or projects such as Intermediate processing centers, 1 combustion faclhies or landfill, three procurement approaches are available: conventional architect/engineer, turnkey, and full service. The decls;on on which strategy is most appropriate depends on how much control the local government wants to have concerning the project design and its ability to accept the accompanying risks. i The appropriate financing method Is determined by what Is being financed and what financing methods are available. Again, fur smaller scale programs or projects, some form of general fund or enterprise fund allocations can be used to pay for program n9eds. However, when funding requirements exceeds short- term funding avalabiky, long-term borrowing (e.g, general obligation or revenue bonds), private financing, or grants become the principal method for financing projects. To pay debt service, it is necessary to establlsh some form of secure, long-term revenue stream such as tipping fees or taxes. Z he sale of recovered materials and energy can also be used to off-set debt service obligations and operating costs. However, these sources of revenue, especially material sale3, are much more susceptible to market fluctuations and market availability and therefore cannot be counted on over the long-term. 1 Demon's current waste management system relies on public ownership. For future processing and disposal facilRles, Denton will have to determine If public:, versus private ownership Is most suitable for the expanded programs. The advantages of private ownership are: (1) a considerable amount of project risk can be shed to the private sector and (8) the owner is responsible for meeting the environmental requirements of the faculty. However, the local government still maintains ultimate responsibility for many of the risks Including the environmental oonsequences associated with waste disposal. Advantages of public ownership are (i) the local government maintains greater control and access to the facility, and (11) the local government maintains greater control over the remaining residual value of the facility. Risk acceptance and sharing Is a major consideration In determining which type ' of procurement, financing and ownership method will be used. Alsk events can lead to Ilabilit , for possible environmental Impacts and Injuries, raise the cost of the project beyond expected amounts, delay project Implementation, and City of Denton 343 MV Re ninary Master Plan possibly kilt the project construction, operation, and naterial and energy marketing. The following project impiemeniallon strategies should be employed to reduce the potential for risk events • provide adequate resources and time for project planning; • use an experienced project team; • negotiate reasonable agreements so that risks are dearly defined and equitably shared; and • monitor project construction, operations and agreements continuously. r r i City of DDertlon 3-44 Lam"`( J PheGrnlrtmy Master Plan a I I x I I ~ I 1 I i i 1 PLANNING SUCCESSFUL RECYCLING PROGRAMS BY David W. Birks Senior Solid Waste Engineer and Elwin M. Larson. P.E. Senior Project Manager HDR Engineering, Inc. 8404 Indian Hills Drive Omaha, Nebraska 68114 (402) 399-1000 I I INTRODUCTION Throughout the country, municipalities are developing comprehensive solid waste management systems, including source reduction - to reduce the amount of material entering the solid waste stream; recycling - to recover reusable materials and return them to manufacturing as a feedstock resource; combustion with energy recuvery - to obtain maximum volume reduction while recycling the energy value of the waste; and landfilling - for materials that cannot be effectively recovered from the waste stream or processed at a waste- to-energy facility, as well as for wmbustion residues that have not been utilized. Each of these elements must be present in an integrated, balanced system. There are, however, several alternative programs and processes which may be used within each of the system elements. This paper will focus on the top two priorities in the solid waste managert?nt hierarchy - source reduction and recycling. SOURCE REDUCTION Source reduction programs are divided into three basic categories: eco- nomic incentives and legislative strategies; education and awareness programs; and, reuse of separated materials. Economic Incentives/Legislative Strategies include: variable rate structures - where waste collection and disposal rates are designed to penalize waste generation. 1 II • lotteries - where residents and businesses are randomly rewarded for recovering recyclable materials from the waste stream. • procurement policies - where major consumers of products that can be made from recyclable materials develop procurement policies and contracts to purchase such products. • tax incentives - such as investment tax credits and exemptions to stimulate business development. • loans/grants - where govcrument offers low-interest loans or outright grants for start-up and expar;ion to induce development of industries that use recovered materials. • business waste audits - where agencies responsible for solid waste collection and disposal help businesses to establish their ewn in- house voluntary reduction and recycling programs. • container deposit legislation. - by placing a redeemable 'lposit un 1 beverage containers. • packaging restrictions - focusing on reducing the amount of non- recyclable packaging and the sheer volume of packaging through consumer bulk buying. Education/awareness programs include: a comprehensive, multi-media efforts (TV, radio, billboards, mass- transit readerboards, static informational displays) • school assembly and classroom presentation and contests • information hot-lines • how-to brochures • public workshops • service organization presentations Reuse of separated materials include: • backyard mulching and composting • food waste reuse through swine feeding and vermin-composting • reuse through charitable organization such as Goodwill, Salvation Army or St. Vincent De Paul • internal reuse in industry and business • waste exchanges through information clearinghouses The diversion rate of all the source reduction programs combined is likely less than 3% of the total waste stream. 2 RECYCLING PROGRAMS Recycling programs and processes Include: yard/garden waste collection and composting; curbside collection; commercial recycling--office paper collection, commercial waste sorting, multi-material drop-off sites, multi- material buy-back centers; recovered material processing; and special materials programs--household hazardous wastes collection, tire reuse, construction/demolition debris, bulky wastes and ash residue utilization. Recycling programs consist of two basic activities: Recovery of materials (sortation and collection); and Reuse (materials processing, remanufacturing and procurement). Materials sortation and collection activities include: curbside collection, drop-off sites, and buy-back centers. Materials processing and remanufacturing requirements are directly related to the manner in which materials are collected--whether source separated, commingled with recyclables or mixed with municipal solid waste. If properly prepared by residents or businesses, source separated materials require minimal final sortation prior to delivery to markets. A comparison of the three recyclable material collection methods may be useful. Nearly 600 communities have adopted programs for multi-material curbside collection of recyclables. Curbside collection programs are capital intensive, often requiring new collection vehicles. The net cost of these programs are usually equal or somewhat greater than conventional garbage collection and disposal costs. Diversion rate: el 0.25% are achievable. Because of its convenience, this program tends to mutually exclusive of other material collection optiais. The program igid in that it requires regular weekly collection. If material markets fluctuate, the entire populace , must be reeducated. In addition, curbside collection may compete with existing non-profit drop-off sites or private sector buy-back centers. For commingled recyclable materials, separation equipment at material recovery facilities (MRF's) includes magnetic separators.-which separate tin 3 from ferrous metals--and eddy current separators, which separate aluminum. Within the next three to five years the recycling industry is expected to achieve full automation in the sorting of commingled recyclable materials. A technology to automatically sort glass by color is being developed using optic scanning. The plastics industry is rapidly developing an automated system of sorting plastics by resin type, opening the way for recycling a wide range of plastics. These processes yield high-grade rarketable commodities. For recyclable materials still mixed with municipal solid wastes a auch more intensive effort is required. Hand-picking stations in combination with other automated sortation equipment suci. as trommels, shredders and air classifiers are used. This process yields a poorer quality product because of contamination which inevitably occurs during storage and collection of the mixed municipal solid wastes. By today's definition the 21 operating facilities in the U.S. that prepare refuse-derived fuels (RDF) for combustion to generate energy would be considered MRFs. However, these facilities typically recover only ferrous metals. There are currently 10.15 relatively advanced MRFs in the U.S. with another 35 under construction or in the late planning stages. Attached to this paper is a list of some of the MRFs and their locations. This list is not complete in that it does not contain all of the lower tech MRFs that use hand-picking in combination with standard mechanical separation and processing equipment. Drop-off sites can be the lowest out-of-pocket cost option for a community. Much of the cost of this recovery method is absorbed by residents who presort and provide collection service to the drop-off site. Diversion rates of less than 2% of the total waste stream can be expected. This program responds to market fluctuations because it is relatively easy to change what materials will be accepted. The biggest problem with drop-off sites are their vulnerability to high contamination especially since the sites are usually 4 I { i unmanned. Drop-off sites may be desired by a community where a curbside collection program is not practical. Buy-back centers have traditionally been private sector, profit generating operations. Multi-material centers divert 1.5% of the waste stream. Simple-material centers divert less. In some communities, these operations are responsible for a recycling rate of 10% or more, before government even got involved in recycling. Buy-back centers will compete with curbside collection programs and drop-off sites since recyclers are paid for the materials they recover. Further, these programs respond well to material f market fluctuations since operators keep supply and demand in balance by the price they pay for various materials. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION The development of a recycling program for any community must recognize the basic motivations for individual participation. Some participate because of a deep-rooted conservation and environmental ethic. These individuals have been, and will continue to recycle regardless of the material collection program selected by those responsible for solid waste collection and disposal. Secondly, there are those who participate because of an economic incentive - either to supplement personal income or reduce household or business collection and disposal charges. Finally, there are those who will only recycle when it becomes nearly as convenient as throwing the material away or depositing it weekly at the curb. Successful recycling programs account for these individual variations, to the extent practicable. A flexible, multi-option program will meet this wide spectrum of needs. Care must be taken, however, to avoid the Internal competition and inconsistencies mentioned earlier. It may not make sense to put private buy-back centers out of business or under artificial competition to provide the same level of material collection service to each segment of the community. 5 MARKET DEVELOPMENT Many recycling programs throughout the country have been erroneously developed on the concept that in increased supply of recovered materials will i automatically lead to increased demand. Recovery of reusable materials does not guarantee that they will be processed into new products. Recovery of materials + Reuse • Recycling, This basic equation must always be satisfied i before recycling can occur. Successful recycling programs must complete the j "recycling cycle." The following illustration represents a continuous chain I of events that must typically occur in order to recycle. i Recycling Cycle 0 Processing Into Broker Post•Consumer Resin/Fiber Final Sorting , Baling/ Broker Transportation i Collection emanufacture R i Sorting Wholesale•Retail Consumer Discard Purchase I J 6 The existing market infrastructure for most recovered materials will undergo drastic changes in order to accommodate an increased volume of recovered materials. Future markets will require an expanded network of processing facilities which accept various contamination levels of recovered material and produce certified quality post-consumer resins or fibers for use by remanufacturers. As the processing network develops in future years, cities will want to encourage processing facilities to locate in or near their community in an effort to minimize transportation costs. Recycling programs need flexibility and adaptability to adjust to material market fluctuations. Successful programs will need contingency plans for temporary disposal or short-term storage while market fluctuations occur. To encourage demand for recovered material markets, consumers will need to be educated and encouraged to buy products made from post consumer resins/fibers. Content labelling of packaging or products made from post- consumer resins or, fibers could assist in educating conscientious consumers, CONCLUSION The overall objective of any new solid waste management strategy is to reduce the quanti.y of waste material being landfilled while conserving natural resources • both materials and energy. Community decision-makers must provide their solid waste managers sufficient latitude to develop a system that will approach their community's objectives. This nation's collective commitment to recycling will ultimately dictate the magnitude of change and time required to achieve stable and successful community recycling programs, This paper was prepared for presentation at the Waste Equipment and Recycling Expo '90, Rosemont/O'Hare Exposition Center, Rosemont, Illinois, on November M 1990, 7 Naterlal Attachment i Location Capacity Eden Prairie, NN 300 tpd Inver rove, MN 300 tpd i Knoxv111e. TN 100 tpd Nansfteld, OH 600 tpm Newly Island, CA 350 tpd St. Louis, MO• 150 tpd Akron, OH 600 tpm Cleveland, OH San Mateo, CA 1600 tpm Tampa, FL 220 tpd Bucks County, PA 3000 tpm Camden, NJ 32 tpd Woodbine, NJ 80 ;pd Newark, NJ 225 tpd East Harlem, NY 130.180 tpd Syracuse, NY 40 tpd Groton, CT 300 tpd York County, PA 55 tpd Monmouth County, NJ 60 tpd Westbury, NY SO tpd Johnston, RI 5.10 tph Springfield, MA 110 tpshift Seattle, WA 110 tpd San Jose, CA 100 tpd Dade County, F1 70.40 tpd Chestwood, IL 600 tpd Makin County, CA 100 tpd Gallatin, TN NA 150.100 tpd I ~I J I I y l I on THE INTEGRATED APPROACH To RESOURCE RECOVERY by: David W. Birks 1 II I 1 THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO RESOURCE RECOVERY David W. Birks Past Presldent, NRRA HDR Engineering, Inc. Omaha, Nebraska j CHOOSING "ALL OF THE ABOVE" newspaper, aluminum cans, cardboard, glass (separated by color), ferrous and other metals The challenge of processing and disposing of and a handful of plastics; to recover energy municipal solid waste in the United States from tho;e pans of the municipal waste har reached crisis proportions. The late stream which are not reusable ur recyclable 19801 finds nearly every community in North but are combustible (another waste-reduc- America at a critical juncture in managing its don/recycling technique); and to deposit in solid wastes. landfills the remaining waste residue, that portion which is not reusable, recyclable or Federal, state and local policies almost combustible, This includes ash from waste universally put landfill disposal at the bottom incinerators, unless already handled by the of solid waste management priorities. On the first two priorities. Incinerator ash can be contrary, the priorities of the overwhelming reused as road aggregate or in the manufac- majority of proposed solid waste manage- Lure of other, similar products. ment systems put maximum recovery (whether of materials or energy) at the top of But the implementation of that waste man- the list, and minimum landfill disposal at the agement strategy has run into a problem.-3 bottom. huge problem, given the structure of cur ~JI society. While the overall goals arc consid- WASTE PRIORITIES ered laudable by the general public, the individual steps required to implement those At the federal level, waste management goals are not. priorities are well defined: to reduce waste by musing discarded items, by composting PUBLIC RESISTANCE yard waste, by engaging in waste exchanges, and by changing the mviner in which con. No one wants to stash everyone else's trash in sumer products arc packaged; to encourage their backyard, or recycle it in their backyard. , recycling, especially the recycling of those or bury it in their backyard, or, most of all, items for which there are ready markets-- burn It in their backyard. It's the "not in my backyard" (NIMBY) syndrome. 1 Unfortunately, it just doesn't work that way. the energy in our waste streams as narural Today, every place is somebody's backyanl. resources worthy of wise management. And, resource recovery is the only mechanism that And the NIhtBY syndrome represents just can move us along the gradient in the proc. one of many troublesome public perceptions. essing continuum illustrated in Figure One.. There's also the perception that local solid from the status quo, in which we are pre. waste managers are giving disproportionate dominantly landfill dependent, towards the attention to solid waste combustion to the other end of the spectrum, which app,, ,aches detrimr;nt of materials recovery or recycling, the ideal of landfill independence. And, there's the perception, encouraged by a tiny but highly vocal minority, that we could PURSUING THE IDEAL recycle virtually all waste, or at least enough to make solid waste combustion unnecessary, In the status quo, somewhere between five if only we would try hard enough, and 20 percent of our waste is recycled. The rest goes to the landfill, Neither perception has much validity. Given that status quo, today's typical com- munity the National Resource Recovery Associa• with a population of 500 thousand don still has to deal with those perceptions, that products 2,000 tons of trash each day, We try to explain. We define resource will require a 240-acre landfill, or 28 million recovery as both materials and energy recov cubic yards of disposal space, by the year ery, because we regard both the materials and 2010. CONTIMI ~ LAND~'~~ Vy f`` f1 Q r s .rr Fiture One: Vie jradient in IAu proceming continuum represents ow relallve dependence on landfillsfor waste dsposal The star es quo, In wAich we are prr&xKi rwty dependent on land disposal, is represented on Me cmw nuw n's lef Lanlfi d ildependence, (At ideal in waste n inagenlent, it on the tog la . However, approximately half of that trash is In fact, they're more than compatible; they're potendally recyclable. Reclaiming and complementary. Removing recyclable non. recycling 80 percent of that, a significant combustibles from the waste stream prior to accomplishment, would effectively handle 40 incineration improves the waste's fuel value percent of the total waste stream. That's by raising Btu concentration, it also reduces about the most we can reasonably expect to operation and maintenance problems at the recycle, and accomplishing that may be waste-to-energy plant by keeping non-com. decades away. bustibles out of the combustion chamber. Recyclable non-combustibles do not contrib. Still, it would leave us heavily dependent on utc to energy production or enhance ash the landfill, and a significant quantity of the quality anyway, materials headed to the landfill still would be biodegradable. And biodegradable, when it For its part, the siting procedure that precedes comes to solid waste management, is not the construction of just about any waste-to. necessarily a g•xx! thing. energy plant does remarkable things for the public's awareness of recycling options. Waste that degrades biologically in a landfill Communities all across the country uncover produces methane gas, which can pollute the latent, avid recyclers who seem mobilized air or accumulate to explosive levels. It also only by siting discussions for solid waste produces leachate, which has the potential of combustion facilities. Polluting surface and groundwater res)urces. Beyond these operational considerations, But the same community, by recycling 25 to combining recycling with energy recovery 40 percent of its trash and incinerating what. also yields economic benefits. Enhancing the ever Is left that is combustible, would then fuel value of waste increases energy reve- need only enough landfill capacity for its nues, permitting lower tipping fees. Reduc. noncombustible wastes (like construction and ing plant size to handle a waste stream less. demolition debris) and its incineration ash, cried through recycling efforts also reduces which is biologically inert. The required front-end capital costs. Improving the efft- landfill is reduced, then, to approximately 50 ciencyof operations and maintenance efforts acres, or 5 million cubic yards. decreases the costs of operations and mainte• nance, Research and development efforts related to both recyclirg and combustor ash utilization local citizens also cash in on benefits, too, WA likely reduce this hypothetical cornmu• when local recycling centers pay them for nay's landfill needs still further, moving it items once considered trash. They may also even closer to the ideal represented in the realize some savings by reducing their trash processing continuum shown in Figure One, collection requirements. At the very least, they've put a lid on their collection and , COMPLEMENTARY OPTIONS disposal costs. What's the motel? Recycling and solid waste Recycling more means burning less, which combustion arc compatible techniques which yields fewer total emissions and less ash for solid waste managers can use in tandem to landfill disposal. And, the improved combos. reduce their dependence on landfills. 3 don efficiency attained by burning waste with their choices are not either/or propositions. a better fuel value reduces emissions. The choice is not "recycle or bum." Nor is it "burn or bury." From the standpoint of policy, fully inte- grated solid waste management systems The only option Is to strike a balance between support local secondary materials markets, all four legs of the solid-waste-management create jobs, meet federal and state waste chair; waste reduction, recycling, solid waste management objecdv%:s and win public combustion and landfill disposal. support more readily. People today prefer decentralized, long-term, multiple-option Every program will be unique. Every public works projects. "chair" has to serve a unique location. But I each "leg" of every chair must be the proper Comprehensive solid waste management length to reach the ground. programs may include all the options; waste reduction, composting, recycling, solid waste We're going to have to bury something combustion, whatever. Or, they may include regardless. Landfills are here to stay. The a selection of technologies tailored to each question is, shall we bury raw garbage which community. But the future of solid waste will decay and produce leachate and methane, management Is balance. or shall we bury asst that Is biologically inert and chemically manageable? ONLY ONE OPTION - Presenud at she US. Colrerence of MayorsiNatiorwt Rerource Recovery Auociation'r (NARA) Sevewh Anru at Communities need to develop solid waste Reource Recovery co trerence, Washinstan, D.C. March management programs that recognize that 1984, by David W. Birb, fonnerPreiidenr of Me SARA. ~1 F Y 91.111,1 r I Beginning with Preschoolers: A Recycling Education Initiative I John F. Williams, II HDR Engineering, Inc, 709 Westchester Avenue NWte Plains, New York 10604 1 R. 91.117.1 INTRODUCTION Like many municipalities, OnieJa and Herkimer counties in upstate New York are working on a long-term solid waste management plan, Their plan, published in ~ecember 1990, includes twenty-year projections to the year 2010. Many of the projections are used to determine waste disposal capacities required and to guide capital expenditures and system development efforts. Data from the plan indicates that in 1990 the two counties achieved a combined recycling/reduction level of eight percent with the total waste stream which averages 868 tons per day. Planners have projected that over the next 20 years the waste stream will grow to 1,079 tons per day and recycling/reduction efforts will rise to 59 percent or 636 tons per day (Table I). To achieve the goals outlined in the Plan, residents and businesses in Onieda and Herkimer Counties will have to increase their recycling rates by nearly 800 percent in the next 20 years. Based on that goal, long term landfill capacity is being developed. Progress short of the goal will result in the premature consumption of waste disposal capacity leading to serious financial and developmental ramifications for local residents. TABLE I. Year 2010 Projections for Oneida and Herkimer Counties. Total Daily Tonnage = 1,079 tpd Reduced/Recycled 636 tpd Material Recovered via Processing III tpd Material Converted to Energy = 160 td Waste and Residue Landitlled 177 tpd Total Residential/Commercial 636 tpd Reduction/Recycling Projected Year 2010 59% Reduction/Recycling Rate Documented 1990 Recycling/Reduction Rate 8% 2 i I 1 91.117.1 Projections for reduction and materials recovery used in the example are not unusual. They are, in fact, typical of waste planning efforts across the country. There are at least two major factors that can influence a community's ability to reach higher recycling goals. The first is the community's success in aligning programs with recycling markets; the markets must be able to absorb the material over an extended period of time. The second factor, which is the focus of this paper, is the public's attitude and r willingness to participate in the solid waste management program. In Oneida and Herkimer counties, public attitude must be compatible with an 800 percent increase in recycling and reduction efforts over a 20 year period. Oneida and Herkimer counties, like many others, have made substantial commitments to educational programs. Funds are limited, however, and there is a need to gain maximum benefiI from available resources. This paper addresses windows of psychological development to describe an "ideal" period during which to initiate educational efforts. Theories on learning, by prominent developmental psychologists, are discussed. The author's personal experience with raising two children (current ages 4 and 1.1/2) is used as the basis for a number of examples offered throughout the paper. A specific approach to a target age group is resiewed and projections are made to examine the growth of the target audience over a typical 20 year waste planning period. The paper will conclude that in order to achieve a goal of maximum public participation in solid waste management systems, education should begin with preschoolers. This thesis statement is largely based on the assumption that in learning there is a distinct advantage to starting at the beginning with, in essence, a "clean slate". COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY AND SCHEMA I In an effort to explain the process by which knowledge is acquired, Swiss psychologist and biologist lean Piaget (1896-1980) conducted extensive research in the development of cognition. His work emphasized the growing child's rational thinking and stages of thought. Piaget felt that environmental experiences (sensory input) are "food" for a child's cognitive machinery. Piaget believed that thoughts are aStually the central focus of development and the primary determinants of a child's actions. The bits of "food" gathered through sensory receptors, including the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin, are all at work from the moment we are born. Before the sensory input or "food" is utilized it must first be digested. Perception is the digestive or interpretative process. Piaget's constructionist theory stressed that perception is more than h picking up information about the world's unrelated properties. IA is a mental construction based on sensory input plus information retrieved from memory. Knowledge is a representation of the world that is built up in the mind. For example, during a walk in a 3 i I 91.117.1 forest, you look down and see a snake. Your senses tell you that you see a long cylindrical object. Your perceptive skills combine memory input with messages from your eyes to conclude that you are looking not at a log, but at a snake. 1Vithout previous knowledge of snakes you would have concluded otherwise. Piaget's theory provides a basis for our assumption that in learning there is a distinct advantage to beginning with a clean slate. If inappropriate information or input is used as the basis for knowledge, we could anticipate a less than desirable response to future educational efforts. How is knowledge created and changed over time? Piaget proposed two processes. First, assimilation is the process of taking information about the environment and incorporating it into an existing knowledge structure that Piaget called a scheme. For example, a two-year-old who is familiar with dogs can be said to have a dog scheme. For that child, the dog scheme may include all furry, four-legged animals found outdoors. As the child is exposed to more sensory input, for instance, cats, he will begin to notice a difference and develop two schemes, one for cats and one for dogs. . A similar example relative to solid waste management activities follows. A two- year-old child watches his father clean up the kitchen. His father takes bits of paper and places them into the waste basket. The father tells the child that the paper is garbage and the waste basket is where it belongs. Soon the child becomes familiar with garbage and forms the basis of a garbage scheme. Through a process called accommodation he will change knowledge structures as he becomes familiar with other items that find their way to the waste basket. If exposed to recycling, he will probably learn that newspapers go to a different place, perhaps a recycling bin, and that plastic bottles are saved in a blue bag. As a result, his schema expand to include newspaper and plastic bottle recycling. If not exposed to recycling, his schema would categorize newspapers and bottles with other garbage. Schema are the building blocks of knowledge. Ulric Neisser (1982), In his work on the study of memory and social learning theory, agreed with Piaget in that he believed that "schema make up an organized structure of knowledge." For Neisser, social perception is a never ending cycle in which schema direct exploration of the environment. Further, Neisser believed that children recall substance rather than verbative details. Young children understand that when garbage is placed in a container and left at the curb a truck comes along and takes it away. They may be curious as to what happens when the truck turns the corner and drives out of sight. They have little interest however, in a detailed description of weighing processes, landfiilling, or energy conversion. The bottom line for most children is if they do their job at home, the workers on the truck will take it away for them, 4 i 1 91.117.1 The key to education as it is related to solid waste management practices is to provide the proper schema as a starting point. Our objective is to avoid contributing to or encouraging disposal habits that will have to be broken later. Retraining is in many cases a wasteful use of public resources that result in only partial success. Neisser's Ecological Model of Perception is helpful in illustrating this point (Figure 1). Neisser's model shows that sensory input from the environment is modified based on existing schema. The modified message is used to direct our responses. If we form an aluminum can schema that links used soda cans with garbage, then we are not likely to recycle the can. At what age are children ready to collect schema? Piaget believed that children from birt9 are building an orderly succession of cognitive structures that lead to intellectual maturity. In a effort to chart the course of intellectual development, Piaget identified four specific stages. Figure 2 summarizes Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development. During each stage, we exhibit a different way of "thinking". Given the influence of schema in learning and its basis for future social action, the key appears to be to locate the developmental window or stage during which schema for recycling and waste management activity c rn initially be planted. Piaget's preoperational stage is the point during which children are ready to accept this sort of schema data. In fact, even before the completion of sensorimotor stage, internalization of schemes begias.10 For example, a twenty-month-old child is able to symbolically mimic (model) its parents' behavior of running a vacuum cleaner. Preoperational thought is the beginning of the ability to assemble thoughts based on combinations of schema. During this stage, we make a transition from primitive to more sophisticated use of symbols. Preoperational thought can be divided Into two stages - the symbolic function substage and the intuitive thought substage. Symbolic function substage occurs between the ages of two and four. At this point the child has begun to use symbols to represent objects that are not present. For example, the use of a stick to represent a gun. The ability to engage in symbolic thought vastly expands the child's mental world during this age period. Recalling Neisser's ecological model, the following example shows how children use schema to guide waste management habits in the home. 5 i { II 91.117.1 Figure 1. Neisser's Ecological Model of Perception6 Environment Modifies Samples r Perceptual Schema Exploration Directs Figure 2. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development8 51 0 Description Aee Range Sensorimotor Infant progresses from reflective Birth to 2 instinctual action to the beginning of symbolic thought. Infant constructs an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions. Preoperational The child begins to represent the 2 to 7 world with words and Images; these words and images reflect increased symbolic thinking and go beyond the correction of sensory information and physical action Concrete The child now reasons logically 7 to 11 Operational about concrete events and can mentally reverse information Formal The adolescent reasons in more 12 and older Operational abstract, idealistic, and logical ways 6 i ti 4 91.117,1 Dad just finished pouring a can of soda and places the empty container in front of four-year-old Bryan. Dad asks two questions (Figure 3). Figure 3 Q. What is this thing and what should we do with it? Environment/ Sensory Input Perceptual Exploration Response Shiny, round, Syo • • 1 thing, used 1 • ♦ A to hold soda, crinkles when you squeeze it 04 4 What is an object that is shiny, round, used to hold soda, crinkles when you i squeeze it? + i , fI 1 Recycle It Schema Stored In Memory 7 i I 91.117.1 Had Bryan's memory of his dad and aluminum cans been different, a different response would have been offered. The can could have ended up in the garbage or even on the side of the road. With an initial aluminum can schema including the recycling activity, it is likely that Bryan will develop a can recycling habit that could last an entire lifetime. AN AGE APPROPRIATE APPROACH Preschoolers between the ages of two and four are ready to begin to learn about i recycling and waste management. In 1989, public television's MISTER ROGERS' NEIGHBORHOOD featured a five-part series of programs on the environment. One of the programs (no. 1617) was specifically tailored to convey a message on recycling and conservation. The 1989 effort was the first major initiative aimed at carrying a recycling "lesson" to very young children. Aired on nearly three hundred stations of the Public Broadcasting Service, more than 14 million households tuned into view the program. MISTER ROGERS' NEIGHBORHOOD is unique in both form and content. Fred Rogers has been a trusted "television friend" to nearly 90 million Americans who have viewed his programs over 35 years. Each visit begins and ends in the living room of Rogers' "television house." He shows his viewers a wide variety of objects and artifacts. Sometimes, through film he taker them to places where everyday things are made or done. As Rogers' neighbors and friends drop by, or as he visits them in their homes and work places, the life of the "neighborhood" unfolds stories of success and failure, of fulfillment and disappointment, and of the many ways that friends bring one and other new interest, help, sympathy, or support. Part of each 30-minute program takes place in the "Neighborhood of Make-Believe; a mostly-puppet kingdom. Rogers himself never appears in this make-believe land; a deliberate separation intended to help children keep clear the difference between reality and fantasy. Much of the program's success is due to a 30-year association between Rogers and the late Dr. Margaret B. McFarland, an internationally respected clinical psychologist and child development specialist. ' The program is produced by Family Communications, Inc., a Pittsburgh-based nonprofit company headed by Fred Rogers. In program number 1617, Mister Rogers talks about recycling and consecration. The philosophy of the program is described in Fred Rogers' own words below; We developed these materials (a videotape and printed activity 8 91-117.1 guide] to give you a hand in helping young children learn to care for the environment we all shard... Concepts such as scarcity, recycling, and conservation are hard ones for children, who understand best what they can see and touch. It may even be hard to convince them of the earth's limited resources when, to them, it may seem that there is so much of everything all around. I don't believe it is helpful to make young children worry about environmental problems, or to make them feel they are responsible for solving those problems, its hard enough, 1 believe, to help j children understand more about their world and encourage them, very early in their lives, to care for the people and things in it. 4 One of the best ways children learn is from the example of the grownups they love. When we turn off lights, and when we separate I items for recycling, when we find new uses for throw-away things, ...we are letting our children know that caring for our planet is important to us. When our children arc little, what's important to us I` is likely to be important to them, because they usually want to be like the people they love. In brief terms the MISTER ROGERS NEIGHBORHOOD Recycling Program opens with Rogers walking into his house carrying a bag filled with glass bottles and cans. He talks about recycling and sings, "I like to take care of you." His friend Mr. McFeely stops by and helps him separate recyclables into two boxes. Together, they visit a recycling center where they talk with the workers and watch what happens to the bottles, cans and other material. Upon returning home, the program transitions to the make-believe segment. The landfill in the puppet kingdom is full and garbage is accumulating. The characters begin a search for a new "dump" and some suggest that recycling would help the situation. In the final program segment, Mister Rogers asks his viewers to think about what we really need before they buy and think about other things they can do with waste material before they throw them away. This final request has major significance. Preschool children love and respect Fred Rogers. A recent poll by Playskool asked preschoolers in five Verican cities what famous person should next be president, 45 percent said Mister Rogers. Both Rogers and Margaret McFarland believe that "attitudes are caught, not taught." The program described above provides a broad reaching opportunity for millions of Americans to catch a recycling attitude. Imitation or modeling curs when children learn new behaviors by watching someone else perform the behavior. 9 i 91-117.1 Many adults find it dif;ieult to see any significant value of the program on recycling. They see that Mister Rogers recycles and that garbage piles up without a landfill. Nothing new to most grownups. Children, however, have a different point of view. When they watch the program they, • consider the program to be a personal visit with a person that they love, trust, and admire - who understands their world; i hear a;,out things that they see around the house which are often thrown away; see Mister Rogers reusing those things or "recycling them;" see Mister Rogers recycling with another good friend, Mr. McFeeIy; • see things that we usually throw away being used for building blocks and other games; see in a make-believe setting some of the problems that could occur if there is no place to send garbage (without being a scary situation); • hear Mister Rogers ask them, his friends, to think about whether they need ' something before they buy it and think about other uses for materials that they normally throw away; and • hear that it is important to care for themselves and the world around tbar. There have been some questions relative to the amount of information children retain. Prior to the original broadcast of the program in April 1990, 30 preschoolers were invited to an informal screening in Washington, D.C. The children ranged in age from two to six. Most were familiar with Mister Rogers. Halfway through the program the tape was paused and a teacher that hosted the group asked a series of questions reflecting the content of Rogers' message. The children responded with raised hands and enthusiastically offered correct answers. Weeks after the screening parents reported that the children were still talking about recycling; however, the prevailing term used was "cycling." Formal research has been conducted using 10 to 15 minute segments from MISTER , ROGERS' NEIGHBORHOOD. After viewing the clips, the children were found to have improved in task persistence, self control, and Ierance of delay in comparison to children who viewed either anti-social or neutral films.l~ 10 91.117.1 Television has been the subject of major criticism largely related to programming not designed specifically for preschooler viewing. Programs geared to young children (other than cartoons) are among the most appropriate. They make an effort to present positive role models, to solve problems by thinking and talking rather than physical force, and to teach concepts. When young children are first exposed to television, the best choices feature live, parental characters and a slow pace such as in MISTER ROGERS' NEIGHBORHOOD.14 PUBLIC ATTITUDE 2010 i We have concluded that preschoolers are ready to learn about recycling and solid waste management. The MISTER ROGERS' NEIGHBORHOOD program on recycling is an existing mechanism through which we could reach nearly every 4 year old in the country. What progress could be made over a 20 year period if a national effort were launched in 1990? It is impossible to predict the actual impact such an effort would have on recycling rates. It is reasonable to assume that if positive schema are planted at the beginning using a "clean slate" approach, the foundation would be iayed for a major shift in public attitude. In the year 2010, the total population of the U.S. is projected to be 285,575,000 / based upon assumptions of middle fertility, middle mortality, and middle net immigration. The population of four-year-olds in the year 2010 is estimated to be 3.38 million, or one- fifth of the population ages zero to five. The following table offers a breakdown of the year 2010 U.S. population. TABLE 11, Population Projections to 201015 Age ro u0 2010 -g4a ation' % of U.S. Total All ages 282,575,000 100.0 4.24 years 76,282,000 27.0 ~ years 3,389,000 1.2 5.9 years 16,940,000 6.0 10.14 years 17,670,000 6.2 15.19 years 18,839,000 6.7 20-24 years 19,453,000 6.9 " United States population including armed forces overseas 11 91.117.1 By the year 2010, a program initiated in 1990 would have reached over 76 million Americans or 27 percent of the nation's total population. Even under the most fdeal circumstances the program could not reach every child directly. Language, location, economic resources, and parental attitudes pose specific obstacles. The residual effect of the program could provide a balance to offset the obstacles. Experience with the mandatory seat belt laws of the 1980s and the "Don't Be A Litterbug" campaign of the 1960s gives reason to believe that young children are important motivators for older siblings, parents, grandparents, friends, and neighbors. By planting attitude "seeds" via roughly one-fourth of society, the residual effect could reach far across generational, cultural, and economic barriers. As the initial generation slated to turn 24 in 2010 spawns new generations, the compounded effect of early education of the parents and the potential they present to children modeling their behavior is immeasurable. i Public attitude is almost surely to be influenced by such an initiative. Within this century, society has shifted its approach and attitude relative to waste disposal. Not long ago, a parent would ask a child to take out the garbage. The son complied by carrying the waste to the front room window and dumping it onto the ground below, By the year 2010, assuming significant strides are made in public education, when a father makes the same request, we suspect that the son will automatically spend more time and effort preparing the waste to enter the management cycle. CONCLUSIONS Returning to the thesis statement: in order to achieve a goal of maximum public participation in solid waste management systems, education should begin with preschoolers. While most people in the waste management industry would agree that education is needed to reach higher recycling goals, the premise that it should begin with preschoolers would, at this point, represent a minority view. Evidence is clear that of the vast collection of educational materials developed for recycling and waste management, it is difficult to identify even a fraction that was designed for preschoolers. Information presented earlier in this paper based on work by Jean Piaget, Uris Niesser, and a number of other respected professionals in the field of child development indicates that children: • collect building blocks of knowledge from birth and by age two are able to understand the world via words and images; • accumulate "schema" that influence disposal habits over a span of their entire lives; and 12 91-117.1 • learn initial waste disposal and recycling habits from age two. Children will continue to learn, but if we fail to take advantage of le•indrig't.;aching opportunities that exist during the preoperational phase of development, we take he chance that less desirable habits will be acquired that hamper future training efforts. Since the acquisition of know;edge is a cumulative process, it is best to start with a clean slate. The MISTER ROGERS' NEIGHBORHOOD program on recycling is an excellent I tool to begin the process with. The program is designed specifically for preschoolers. Mister Rogers is to a preschooler one of the most influential persons in the country. The programs ultimate goal is to teach children to be caring individuals. Caring children grow into adults that care. Hopefully, they will care enough to work for the good of the environment. I The program and a printed activity guide for parents and preschool teachers is available at minimal cost for noncommercial us! by the general public. Through television and Mister Roger a mechanism is in place to reach a majority of the nation's preschoolers this year and for years to come. A program was launched in 1990 to distribute the material on a nationwide basis. Preliminary data indicate that over 14 million households have been reached via television. If the effort were expanded and sustained through the 20 year work planning cycle, roughly 27 percent of the U.S. population will be educated from the beginning of their lives by Mister Rogers. The residual effect of children and their influence on others is difficult to estimate but vould no doubt reach millions of others. Just the kind of effort needed. Americans a;e, in essence, betting the future of generations to come on the 1~iliry to change public attitudes about waste management. The people working on recycling programs in Oneida and Herkimer counties and across the country need help in increasing recycling levels by hundreds of percent. Besides the developmental psychologists and professional educators, every parent knows that children are ready to learn within the first several years of life; they are in fact j learning and teaching their parents. The most appropriate conclusion to this paper was 1 provided In an unsolicited letter from a parent to the people at Family Cummunicationst 1 April, 1990 1 am 35 and grew up with Sir. Rogers' Neighborhood. Now 1 have the pleasure to share these programs with my own children. Thank you for continu;ng to do such fine, important work with your programming. We were especially impressed with the recent series of programs on the environment, which coincided with Earth Day. My husband and I both consider ourselves to be environmentalists, but I must tell 13 91.117,1 you that your programs have made ins re-evaluate our habits. Occasionally, when I slip into 'old' behaviors of throwing something away, or going to buy something new, I keep hearing Fred Rogers or Mr. McFeely ask, "Can it be used again for something else?" or "Do I really neeu to buy this?" ...or else, my 3.1/2 year old son vill ask me the same questions! With all the recent environmental hype and media attention, it is Mr. Rogers' caring and gentle ways that have made the most impact upon me and my family. Many thanks to all at Family Communications. 11= continue to make Nur programs, and consider rerunning your environmental series from time to time. i In friendship, I C. Belcher 1 I ~I II 1 {I I 14 91.117.1 i Special thanks to Fred Rogers, Sam Newbury, and Hedda Bluestone Sharapan of Family Communications, inc. 15 91-117.1 REFERENCES 1. Local Solid Waste Management Plan, Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Authority, Utica, New York, 1990, p.21. 2. J.W. Santrock and S.R. Yussen, Child Development an Introduction, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 1989, p.13. 3. J.A. Schickedanz, K. Hansen, and P.D. Forsyth, Understanding Children, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1990, pp.60-68. i 4. J.A. Schickedanz, K. Hansen, and P.D. Forsyth, Unders nding Children, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1990 pp.60. S. J.W. Santrock and S.R. Yussen, Child Development an Introduction, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 1989, p,298. 6. J.W. Santrock and S.R. Yussen, Child Development an Introduction, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 1989, p.298. 7. J.W. Flavell, "A Tribute to Piaget", Society for Research in Child Development Newslettef0 The Society for Research in Child Development, Chicago, Illinois, Fall, 1980. 8. J.A. Schickedanz, Kittansen, and P.D. Forsyth, Understanding hildren, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California 1990, pp.60.61. 9. J.W. Santrock and S.R. Yussen, Child Development an Introduction, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 1989, pp.168.169. 10. F.M. Rogers, MISTER ROGERS ACTIVITIES FOR YOUNG CHILDRE ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND RECYCLING, Fartuly Communications, inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1990, p.l. 11. Playskool Poll, "Periscope", Newswe& (February 18): 10 (199 1). 12. J.W. Santrock and S.R. Yussen, Child n1Yelopment an Introduction, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 1989, p.149. 13. E. Galinsky and J. David, The Preschool Years, Times Books, New York, 1988, p.80. 16 91.117.1 REFERENCES CONTINUED 14. E, Galinsky and J. David, The Preschool Year, Times Books, New York, 1988, p.86. 15. Projections of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex, and Race: 1988 to 2080, Current Population Reports, peon Estimates and Projections Series P-25, (No. 1018): 110 (1986). r 16. C. Belcher, Bloomingburg, New York, personal communication, 1990. r LJ 17 Recycling I Integrated Collection: The Key to Economical Curbside Recycling Integrated refuse and recyclables collection Offers a cost-effieetfrt', efficient alternntive to traditional separate collection schedules. By Jeremy K. 0 Briery Curbside recycling progr;uns run- !Fr' time to ,Spring up;iruund the U.S, ill d great rate. Colored reryding bins containing ncwspepvrs. Aluminum, fel-ous, and gl.iss are becotning fentil• I{Mi iar sights, Hut Ivilh all the Ourry of iWO ity to e5tabli5h curbside pro,tranls, 1 many munidpill ilics have Riven 1i1t1c •dtention to developing effcient col- n Icction systents to pick up these ma- tcrials, Many comnumrtics still ding Io vM conventional methods of cullecling . r, raised municipal solid waste (waste with rccyclables removed) and recycl• ables weekly or twice-weekly Irash eullerlion, and separate collection (If recychriles and yard waste. Waste _ managernunt offci,ds are beg'Inning to 1 c ;4 tvalbv the substantial expenAe of Can, linuing to operate their prugnlms in this manner. They realiw that to make in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, residenls lace glass containers. metal cans plastic butllesjugs, end jars, and newspaper In translucent blue bags at curbside lop recycling. Employing curhsldc recycling programs a lung, a version of the integrated collecbort approach, once a week, Independent of waste collet. term waste ntanagcnwut Option, t}ey. lion, haulurs use a packer truck to pick up the bags and take them to a materials rocovery must facility. where the material is sorted. By using the packer trucks, Pittsburgh was able to savo collerlioo systemd systi sef4ticnl, ceununttir;tl the costs of purchasing additional, expensive. compartmentalised trucks . Our engineers are working wilt a nutuber of clients to implement ;t new and recychilks, the number of wrekly mingled recyclahles collec(ion, Mid way to collect waste and recydables. rolleclion rounds ran be cut by as once•a-wcck y;od waste COHAtien. It's We call it an "integrated recycling much;lswte-half. not unusual to link, four differcnl collection systern. This syslern fu- tnlrks service the suulo hnnsca cash ruses on minimii.ing the twrAr of Conventional Approaches to week. "wkly collection trips for IraAh ;mil Collecting Recyclables 'T'llis collection approach comes with recydables. By using the same Ve. 'T'he runcentfon;d approach to col- a high prlre tag. f Inre-a-week curbside hides for mixed w;IStP, yard w;tste, lerting re•cydahles is to provide bins to recyclablcs cutktlion typically costs $1 II.Adcnl s Aid use spwc idly designed to $;f per household jK r month. 'Phis dcrrnlti 071rirn, Ph., ix Ow fech• vehicles to pick up rnmauials rWvjhm- cost iµ in addition to lho Suds for Oral director for rv(;vt ing of 1t1)tt dent of Iresh rollerlinn. 'T'he method of rcgtd;lr mixed solid waste collection h'nginvering, o firm that prucidcx using milli-cumpartmcnlalitcd trucks and disposal cos(A of approxinvacty $1 ronafrllingnndrnginerringkertdrew has been successful in grncrallug high to .$111 per household per mnnlh, to lrx'al gutrvnnawq aad ii quilily matcriA-A for r"t-ding, Some 'These dusts vary grrdly depending in wa.rtelrncrKy, rrafrr/tcuxtrualcr. comnnmilics offer (wire-wcckly rowed upon location lurhun, miburbAn, nrnili. acrd tr0rr4pr0rI11 ul indoxtricx, w;Nt' colloetinn, ours-a-wcck tom- scrvicc Arc.l, melcritds cnllcdorl, ;ind Reprinted t'ront Solid Wigs' & t'rai'n %taplitio. Vill. 5, No. d, August 1991 I h e Iection of refuse and recyclables'yard Twice-per-Week Collection Service Levels waste, or 2) combined mixed waste and recyclablesr'yard waste collection. Conventional Approach IAC Approach ri Separate Collection If a community currently collects 1 , II r r mixed waste twice •Neekly, rt'cyc - [ f abler meekly, and yard waste weekly, i I _ waste Officials can replace one waste des 4eseti.:4 ~-istl C„~-,atSoo va-ee tai 4ewe•Pd collection day with recyclables, y cud li Msw +ald V ie eor,mmgrod or M5W commingled separaicd Recyclaorea waste collection. This E'1a111na11's two pecycrates Yard waste weekly collection services, albeit with once-per-Week Collection Service Levels Some reduction in scriee levels, i.e., t going from twice-per•w'eek to once- Convantlonal Approach Inc Approach per-week mixed waste collection. Fig- ure 1 show's that by using the same trucks Lo collect waste and recyclables r r I ' , v on different days or by collecting 1 Y waste and recyclables together, a r-- community can reduce the number of "!Paio L6 4 ..;ol 1 weekly trips haulers make, Msv commingled or Yard Waste ' MSW If haulers use standard compactor separarad • Commingled Rocy<raDloa Rocycleb;es vehicles to collect mixed waste, they Yard walla can collect recyclables and yard waste in the same truck on a different day. Figure t: Com~arlson of conventional approach (leh) to municipal solid waste yard waste' The system works like this: recyclables collection and integrated collection approach (rlghq When haulers use the same (rucks to collect waste and recyclables on dMill days, or collect waste and recyclables Residents place recyclables and together, they can reduce the number of weedy Irlps needed to service households, end yard waste into either separate I.rans- thus, reduce the costs associated with the recycling program, lucent bags or standard bags with type of serice (sorted at curb or To reduce collection (osts, n ici- identifying stickers. Separate bags can commingled). palitics over the last 20 years have be used for paper products (news- Assurning a typical set-out rate of 35 focused nn more automation and high- paper, corrugated, junk mail, and/or to 55 pounds of recyclables per er compaction ratios. Traditional ap• mixed paper), containers (glass con- household per month, collection costs proaches to recyclables collection, tainers, high-density polyelhelene can run as high as $55 to $111 per ton. however, still rely on manual collec• (Hl)1'F) and polyethelene teraphtha- I( a community includes yard waste lion (including manual sorting at the late WF.T) plastic bottles, steetbi- collection bl a separate vehicle on a curb) and no compaction, Only recent- metal cans, and aluminum cans), and separate day-, overall recycling costs ly, with the addition of plastics to a yard waste. Or, residents can place all can double to $2 to $6 per h-usehold cumber of curbside programs, have recyclables in one bag and yard waste per month. As slates adopt ,lore haulers become interested in adding in another. Haulers place all bags into ambitious recycling goals and and new conlpaCtors to recycling vehicles. This one truck, compact the materials, and materials to recycling programs, Ira- Is dune to reduce the volume taken up transport them to a materials recovery ditional collection melhods w ll require by plastics and thereby- reduce plastics facility tl11RF) or transfer station for more trucks, further Incrorsing ex• collection costs, sorting. penscs, If haulers use automated or semi- It's easy to identify the reasons for An "Integrated Recycling automated collection vehicles, they can these expenses. Mixed waste collec- Collection Approach supply residents with two large (e.g., tion costs typically account for 75 We help clients implement the irate- 9(1-gallon) rollout containers-one (or percent of a waste man,lgemert sys- grated collection approach to address mixed waste and one for recyclables. tern's expenses and dispersal costs three major problems associated with For recyclables collection, residents account for 25 percent. When cum- traditional recyclables collection: place commingled materials, in loose nu ilies introduce recydables to -the need for additional collection or bagged form, and bagged yard viable collecliun, lhEy often need to services and vehicles, waste into this cunlainer. Haulers purchase additional, expensive equip- -the lack Of conlpnctlem, place all mattrials in one truck, ii ment such as compallulenlalixed trucks, -and a high reliance on manual col- pact them, and chip them to a NIRF or 'T'hese expenses are only partially lecliun and curb sorting, transfer station for sorting, offset In savings achieved in rnixed Integrated collection systertls do not solid waste collection, This is because require additional weekly services or Cotnbirred Collrclion waste collro ion crisis are influenced new' vehicles, do utilize compaction, The second integrated collection by collection (requerri the nwubvr and can accommodate autorated col- appn>5ch involves using existing ve- and density of housdOlds served and lecliun sy'stems' Communilics can hicles to collect recyclables Lind yard local geography, a9 wit ll as the amount chor from two different integrated waste, in bagged form, along with I of waste collected. collection approaches, 1) separate rol• mixed waste, licc<luse of its cost- and Sol.lll wisrF: h i,ollr,x,oln;i s"r [im Pilot Programs Reap Benefits of hit,ir-s;i%ing 1,anl,ige:, this approach I, p,ulicJai0o• :ipplwzibtr to small or Integrated Collection rni;d eunlnlhnjI1CS, ioihmnnilies that Integrated collection systems are, for the most part, shR In the developmental t1;M' lrauslcr stab ms, and rnnununi-tiU~ III stages. However, a number of communities have implemented pilot programs, ill that haue once per-neck ,caste and a few have moved forward with full-scale Implementation. I col *1114k n Flit. ices. Phoenix, Arizona preac h, e this he approach is the sank fur Phoenix, Arizona, uses the same automated trucks to collect both recycl- ;ill types of culkvction cchidt's. Rey- 1 i ables and mixed waste once a week on separate days. The city provided two ideals pCii c rcL %I. kibles ;md yard cc:iste 90-gallon rollout containers-one for mixed wastes and one for mixed in scparafe, idcntiliably pLutic hags recyclables-to 10,000 households participating In the program. Residents and slit thorn al the curh for eollectlor 1 place newspaper, mixed paper, glass, plastic, and cardboard, in loose ;long wish the mixed u;,s1c. lfaulers commingled form, in the recycling container. Materials are sorted later at a materials recovery facility (MRF). place all bags itcril it sane rclalorl 1 Ctficials report the participation rate for the program, which started in April 11 eril to the niaki ar}d IIL re the 1989, Is over 90 percent, This rate is high compared to a typical rate of 75 `hint ° it uW)IVr slatinn a NSI the percent to 80 percent. rtjgs of recycnt 0w mix rand ate arc Phoenix residents recycle about 51 pounds of materials per household per eP;iralcd from the mixed ras. 1 month. Haulers are able to achieve compaction ratios of 475 pounds per cubic Ilenerits or Integrated yard (roughly 2 1) with minimal glass breakage. Net program costs (excluding Collection Systems avoided collection and disposal costs) are reported to be $1 per household per month. Litegrated collection systems offer Pittsburgh, PennsyNanla communities roan)' benefits. Anwng Based on our firm's recommendations, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, initialed a oj1wn rust i are the potential for lair and ili blue bag recycling program In 1990. This approach is a form or Ins rated utoc a springs, collection the Of collection and ratios on existing nrucrus lnaill01I s (bemuse the need Instead of combining with the nce a-weekk mixed collect wacte collection services, lcfolir micif,r vjrturtually an lly any asps of type of is reeycfabta collection is provided as an additional weekly service. Aesldenls (hhlted, a rv- place glass containers, metal cans, plastic bottles, Jars, and jugs, and eShfc can be collected as long as a newspaper In translucent, blue plastic bags, which are provided by local tuarkct exists), low capital cost in- grocery stores in the area. Materials are sorted at a MRF, In March 1991, vcstmcnl, usv of currpection lech- l Pittsburgh expanded its program to include 30,000 of its households, niyues, use of exisling eehiclcS, Ser In conjunction with the program, we conducted an extensive analysis or vice to sparsely populated areas, and packer vehicles and compaction ratio combinations. We found that it was air pollution reduction. o use 3 1, and (Still maintaaindmater al qualion ty, 0 lass breakage compacting at a rate of 2 1 to at these compaction Cominunifics can rvalize substantial ratios effects 4 to 5 percent of containers, on a weight basis. icrncosts d not s Itu ) hots requirgUire use additional sys- :d collec• South St. Louts County. Minnesota lion services and require fewer crt- Minnesola's South St. Louis County Sold Waste Commission also oilers a pkiyves to collect and process rccyel variation of the combined collection approach to all 3,000 households In its alkes than der conventional systems. 1.180-square-mile service area. Residents put recyclables Into blue recycling Also, in the c;ise (if fnmch Sr collection, bags, provided by the commission, which are placed at the curb for collodion officials do not have to procure addi- wlth the mixed waste The blue bags are separated from the mixed waste at a lional collection service contrai transfer station and are subsequently transported to a MRF for processing Comiruridcs may need to amend and sale. Net costs for this rural program, Including bag costs and sorting at svrvice contracts to include either the transfer station, are reported lo loo $0.89 per household per month. The commission estimates that to have offered traditional curbside pickup wade or vjtsle ahk' pickup. For ex- to its geographically spread-out residents, the county would have needed to ritvd , a waal htulcr's contract way purchase two or three new trucks, raising the projected costs for curbslde riv'e'd to be amended to inrludc the collection to approximately $11 per household par month coBcctinn of rccyk kiblcs Chicago, lllinols L,Icgr'tdcd spslcros can accutm1110- da1r virtually ell rritcrials Iliat r Chicago, Illinois, Is proceeding with the Implementation of a combined cohuhunily' Might include in ils recycl- collectlon approach. In this system, 651,000 households will place mixed ing progirmn, licpvnding run wtrvlher reeyeables and yard waste in separate blue bags for pickup with mixed markets exist ;ind the IMP or Irmisfer waste, on a twice-per-week basis, Haulers will use city packer bucks. The Station can I(ToVIlnaxlale the Soiling, bags will be available as grocery sacks at no cost through local stores, In a city-run pilot program, officials found that less glass was broken than in rcrcesidyrhents can iuclC such varying traditional curbslde programs. They also found that a bag thickness of 1.75 to iblcy as pl;isli, glass and umtel 2,50 millimeters was required to minimize bag breakage conlaiuors, rew impt-r, coeru,Kaled, Participation In the pilot program was about 55 percent. The city expecls to junk mail, mi tvd pap i and yard implement the program city-wide this fall. Officials eslimate that the costs of wasle. The conui»rgling of paper this combined collection option will be approximately one-fourth of those for pnHluctS and Inked corlaincrs simpli- traditional "blue box" or bin programs t cs residcrt's joh and saves space. It ahaulers arc ehlc to hac coiupaction ri illl 1l 1~ I f. ,x I'i ril F.It AI'r it'd i 1d~1 NLl.OUR GAR9gGE AND BST I'M STrbl. "•~•^a .)I~R`~ PVT IToUTo.V TUE r kbNL~fZfN6 IF y~r 1111515 F+RE55. q J lv1 , H F ~ r T ~ F 1N I It , 1Ti Viy Q 1l n0' 1 ,J rJur l The Cartoon Shoe or May 26, 1990, Is reprinted with permission or Tribune Media Services. and existing collection cchicles, a recyrlables from waste. The cost of pilots, are $1 or less. Cows vary, community can sale large amounts of these hags, if provided by a municipal- sigmifcantly defxnding on whether a money, Because more materials can ity, can be suhstanliM, Bags typically community supplies bags to residents be placed in the vehicle before it must cost ten cents each and the average or residents have UI purchase thorn, i be unloaded, transportation and fuel family uses ntx,ut five bags each month. whether it conmrunity squires sepa- casts can be decreased. When hauler So, if a community must pay 50 curds rate y~Ird waste adlecdon, and wheth• j use existing vehicles, communities per household per booth for bags in er the costs of a NIkF or transfer don't have to purchase additional spe• addition to other collection and dis- station are totally atlributahle to an cialized trucks. posah expenses, costs quickly add up. integraled ro barn. Integrated systems can service The p g trend, however, is for the b;rgs to ,1 key issue is hove the costs of the sparsely populated areas cost-effec- be provided free by kcal grocery bags should be included in the cost lively where providing a separate col- stores who give thorn away as grocery analysis, ficceuso residents generally lection survive might be prohibitive in bags, terms of labor and equipment needs Another limitation is that all inie tbag hat tthely will tincurry sorne rbatg costs and casts per household. grated collection alternatives rcquire with or without an into em. And, because integrated systems access to a NIRF and or transfer sta- 9•herii if residents are(rvquEred tv eliminate the need for additional ve• lion. If a municipality or rural corn- purchase their own bags, the hag 1 hides, air emissions associated with rnuniU' dues not have access to a costs shut,ld not he considered an add on recycling collection systems sorting station, it will not be able to extra pn,granr cost. Also, as indicated Carr be reduced, implement this syslern, earlier, it pilot phagva(re grocer) 1)ruwbacks of Integrated I'arttrgra(iun may be lower in pro- stores provide the bags file. D Collect rawb i ks of toms grams where residents are required to If local ordinance's require yard Before Hiplenwriting this systii Res~identssmay ncot bags for dcalteih tradltiMal becyciabhesdccl>«tionslvan officials should consider the potential he expense acid inconvenience. And, double--to the $2 to $i per household degradation of material quality, the with the integrated coilertiun option, per month range, This makes into-costs and sti as ker%, Ith need for providing NIRFnor whaste coflection reducedti front r mixe sod to collection coon route attractive transfer station, potentially lower par- to once-a-week. This may not be A find major cost clernent is he ticipalion rites, and a possiblc redue• acceptable in certain 10calions from n expense of sorting rccyclables and tioh in collection service for mixed political or public health standpoint yard waste bags from mixed waste. If solid waste. , Clntraste rg commingled rcryclabpcs Specific Issues a waslc (rallsfc'r operation is already in citi may resuh in a }iigher annntnt of SeceraT pilol programs have yielded highs cwascteclsttral pbe but ottaiiiin costs, broken glass that cam contaminate useful information on specific issues conunuuitics may find an integrated ollicr recyclablcs, especially li regarding program costs, ntalcrial appsoa'h allraclive. On the (other COlnparling waste and recyclrrbles in quality, and cnutpaeilon r;16(14 and hand, cnnllnll111 k"S need to consider the same truck also can pcdenlially glass breakage (sec acconlpanying whether an in(egrated approach would produce materials of lower quality than story " Pilot Progrrmrs Beal ilcnefirv yield results significant enough to those produced through traditional of hitegrated Collection'). programs. In tcdayb conlpctitivc warrant conslructiott to a 1112E this markets, pow quality materials can be Program C'osls trrnsfor station soles' In suplfxnl Ihi a substantial problem, Program costs for traditional 11111)- program. Most integrated system approaches side programs range fii $1 In $,I per C'onlparlioh Poulos rcquire residents to use Identifiable huuachnld per rnoullt while the ends As lagrlinurtitfes add runs materials, plasile bags to sort yard waste and of hllegraied syslunls. a peril in Ihr espcrinlly plaslic containers, h, curb- scrLlh w, STE A. )vw i 11Co1's 1' tart side recycling, the need for cumpac• Dfaterial Contamination tion grows. 't'he results participation all appear to be manage- ns a pilot Material quality from integrated able, Ballpark estirnates of potential program in Pittsburgh, F4rn yl vania, systems using separate collection ap- casts savings are significant when shows that compaction ratios of 2:1 or pears to be high. None of the pilot compared to traditional programs A greater are possible, with minimal programs report any material market- providing for the collection of both glass breakage, When recyclables ing problems, even those programs yard waste and rec'yclabtes. were added to nixed waste collection where paper and glass were collected Integrated systems can provide an in Phoenix. Arvona, compaction ratios in commingled form. There appear to economical collection technique for a 475pbsacubcnyard inbbothll'itisburgh materials mixed quality conclusis from combined col existing coof recclable llection vehicles1e Becausernf and Phoenix, materials processors re- Ie(don programs although pilot corn- the benelils of integrated collection, a 1 port that glass breakage is minimal-4 Lined collection programs in Chico o percent to 5 8 growing number of jurisdictions, large percent on a weight reported about 5 percent residue a9er and small. are making the f11•seale 1 basis-and possibly less than lradi- processing, a rate typical for traditional commitment to implement these sys- lional collection programs, due to the curbside programs, cushioning effects of the commingled toms, n paper and plastics. In combined col- Conclusion lection programs, it appears that little The results of pilot programs are Dlr. O'Brien can be contacted at or no reduction in compaction is re- extremely promising. 7'he key issues flbh Engineering, 128 S. Tryon quired to minimize glass breakage, bag of glass break, ge, materials quality, Street, Charlotte, NC 28202; t 704) breakage, and materials degradation. the use of compaction, and public 3381800. Reprinted from SolldWage &POWER The Magazine of Waste Management Solutions i VOLUME V 1 NUMBER 4 1 AUGUST 1991 Copyright, IICI Nlibeatkns, 1991 a 410 Archibald Street, Kansas City, X1061111 •816-931.1311 "ULnr N,%STE & NA ER~AVIXSI IN r i I MDR Engineering, Inc. Suite 1400 il► 128 S. Tryon Street !lI Charlotte, NC 28202.5001 I County Government Leads in Office Paper Recycling MARC J. ROOOFF, Ph.D, WILLIAM EfvMBREE, and y's ""kk ti JOANNE B. HURLEY v r$ y,~~ Ile Rognff is L u r Prusidunt and titans ,er of solid wertn rorSUILing for HUH Engineering Inc 's 't'empo olfi, e, ills Eno- wasproject wanuger for the deeigu of y.,..._,. , brae the couritj'N gkcrnmcnL office palwr ~ rccycling program, and xlk. llurlk•y is aw i Reyt9ing ('ourdlnutur for f'asrn CM nt,v, ~ Florida a^ ~ _ P %SC'O County is anu,nu the 111o N1 rapidly growing commwTitics in ' Florida and has seen a significant influx of permanent and seasonal residents ok cr the past tAodccadcs.%Viihthis upwarof 0CONVENIENT desk side collection boxencourages offlcis paper recycling. trend in populalion rind associuied residential arld commercial dvvelornumr, The county has kccn corresponding fn- deselnpmenl of a countywide, gokcnt. lion could be accomplished by allowing creases In The total s(olumec and tonnages nTent Office paper rccycling program Of. other offices in the same building or other of NOW waste Ihal hake to he disposed of Tice paper recycling is a r0alikely easily suites on the same campus to piggy back at county solid waste management implemenicd program for local gosci n- on theesisting collection contract already facilities. merit, Based upon IIDR's sunny of ex- in place at the little. Once this Informa• In the 1989 session of the Ilorida. isling recycling, keiy' few organisations Lion Aas collected, the consultant I egislarure, the most comprehensi%c and businesses Acre noted to engage in developed an RFF that was released by amendment of the slate's c%kiing solid office paper regclfng. Therefore, very the county in July 1989to procure the set- waste goals and porkies was enacted. few paper recyclers Acte verkicing Pasco vices of an r^,'ice paper recycler to market Known as •'lhe Florida Solid waste County. It oar FcL shin inifiatioa of a high grade office paper (white ledger and Management Act of 19S8'• (Chapter coumyAidegOkcrTimem office paper pro- computer printout) and newspaper, 88-130, ! uws oJ'7Jurlrlu), the act required grain Aould be the first step in exranding [be Office Paper Recycling Program counties todckciopsolid kkastemanage- it to the prikare business aecnrr for Pasco Counly emplo3cei became ment programs to reduce the amount of throughout the county in a planned operational In November 1989. The 2,261 solid Aasit generated by at least 30 per- recycling program cNpan,fon county staff Inkolved in this program cent before landlilliTTgor incineraiionby Apaper lccyclingprogram forcount) represent all departments including Pasco the end of 1994. It arko requires separa. offices was conceptually designed by the County garemrnent, the sheriff's depart. tiun or a majority of the newspaper, consultant to separate and raokcr merit, the county Olrls'iWise,surenSor aluminum cans, glass, and plaala bollles recyclable waste paper before disposal of eleciiens, office of the Tits collector, from the solid w rite stream. I he act and Prior snncys by the consultant for other and property appraiser's office, rules subseyuemlyadoprcdbythe Ilorida clients hake shown that general office The sukreksofthecounly'sorrice paper Ikparlrneat oFf'mironnienlal kegnlariun opeTwions generate about one half pouTid program is dependent upon the dedita- (DPR) established gram programs to of recyclable waste paper per trnploycc Lion and effort made by each county assikl local gukernment toed this 30 per, per day. To tecuker a majority of this employee In recycle. each employee is stilt goal. 'Ihcse rules also cstahlishcd material, the following inforwaliou had issued a collation box that holds 8'h.ln. guidelines for the Initiarion of a recycl To be identified in Pasch County by 11-in. mixed waste paper. At some ing program, "hit materials Aill count gokerminciii. 11111e during the day, each employee takes lowardx the all percenl goals, and the pro. 411aiticipating dress such as Noires, the accumulalcd, regtlable office Aasie cess by Ahich counties can receike DI, R floors, or buifdings. paper for derosit in The central con. aprroval to reduce the 30 percent goal. is Number of employes housed In cash tamers, Ahkh are located on each floor Once the state's new solid Aakie rules parikipaling area in key, heavily traveled areas In each were Implemented, IIDRwusciyagedhy 1111MVmin0tion of existing disposal county facility. This is accomplished Puscu Counly to prepare a blucprlnt 1'or r'acliccs• without inlelrupllon of nnployee's nor. action and to recommend a plan for im Since county agencies are spaced owl mal office work routine, plementing recycling options for the among satellite offices, suites, or In some cases the central paper con. county, the Pasta Counly Solid Wilkie buildings, the aresty with the highest tainers, when filled, are exchanged wllh Recycling Slaaer Plan, adopted and ap- crnrloycc populatlcnk, and therefore the empty containers by custodial service per. proscd by its board of county conunis. hlghcsl Aakie paper generators, Acre somicl and held in storage areas to avail sinner in Seplember 1989, prokidcs basic chosen to initiate the recycling piogram, scheduled pick-up by the paper dealer, gtddcljncsfor intpfcmcntatlorior sill solid this Aould proslde lolikiical feasibility Depending upon the amount of waste waste rce,vcling progrnnts, The plan pro- for The piisate contractor kA ho Autild pro. raper generated, oince pick ups are made sides a phased fikaycar piograin to in Odc [tic recycling sctkiee, Once the pro- A cltly. b6Arckly, or monthly. In other corporale 12 major recycling elements, in. gram Could be esrublikhed, it Aa, behered buitdings, the designated office paper eluding office paper recycling that (other county pokeminenr satellite or. coordinator monitors the hallway bins Among the first major resonuncudu- rites and buildiop%could be incorrorated and calls for aplck•upbythepaper dealer tionsunplemcntcdhythesoumrwasthe inioTheprogram espansionIbis expan- on a demandhasis, Ii"I+i III!.°I frurt• I'l1Lli IC WOHk3 MAC+AIINF, Jury, 1991 Pasco County tot liscs Lary in the I)peN • I ash nllicc hiu has s isual and IN experience space and esthetic problems of Caste parcr that are collected, Scone primed infnmmlion shOollIg onlpl,nec's with the storage •onrainers. ofl'IcC+eollec[ mixed orl';cC paper, green the a"cptahle maleriuh In he collected. the coum) 4l&JPaler fururceonrinua balcornruterjaper, cnmruletprtltloul •kcaclrnginlonnul[kill isincludcdin IionanJesr;utsionnfil+nfficeruprrpro. paper, and ncwsprim; ohdc olhcrorfices Cush no" coumf uuplosec hmrJbook and plant to include an esen greater amount map Collt•cl only tine or tot, types. orientation rtogram, of recycled office Paper and cmnpuler the Tosco C'ounl) Mike farce pro. ()Net the pail year, setcral rrisalc raper purchased h% theasunty. program grant has hecn sery successful, kp huslnessosm Pasco C'oun ty ha%eahr,tdy expansion still include increased par. 1 t9,ruary 1941, the county had collected begun rorticiratinp in the eoumy's u11'ice licirati in nl' currorations, mic group,, s' nelulylgytunsaFluixcJnl'liu•ruperarid paper program. the largest is Ilmida retailhusincsscs,andagencies located in rise tons of ncsssprim Success has heat Ptiucr C'orpor;pion, Nith 5,5(X) I lorida E'aseoCuunly 110oOer, 1'ase0 ('ounly's passible for she lolloomp reasons: emrlo)ecs, ohieh has made it a emporutc ( If1'ise Paper I'rugrmn is only one part of OSlrongsuppartofcountyadministra Pinta It, pdrlikipale in orfike rarer ;tnuolril'accn•dapproachtoreaclingand tion, the connly adntn6iranor has rccyelmgl fur its JI dislricr ol'I'Iecs in 12 solid oastc disposal %nhin the cnunls, Jirccted all entrlo)ces w awPCrne and crsuntics throughoul the state. NuH asailable to county resklenls are Participate in the program by ad :As in tiny new pmglant, it is not tin county urermcd drop ufl' centers and ministrarisC din•cllse. calamun to cncounler rrohlcuts durinp rrisalch orcratcJ h,ty hack centers. eounrs recycling euordin;nor oas ill) idcmenlaltill. C'onlamin,ulou of otftce Sholrly, the county sill inlplcuunt a II hired also has JcselopeJ and scheduled paper storage hills is perhaps the rerun curbside wi ding program and build a clnrlo CC training programs, arpolnied ry's higgest problem, Siebchcse thin cum materials reeuscr) facility at the ansta uerxime tal office parcr reading slant educariou and reinl'orecmenl sill 10Urwrgyplam.lcling is clearlyama- represaitalises, and inhale publish). help to el'urtinale the cnnranrtnation prnh- jar peal and a matte of great importance • 1 his pr ijeO is reinlor,ed xiih iinx•. Tern user Bois. Also, small offices currant It, the uorlicrs, rc,id mi%, and gusernntcnt { ly ri"4 orioles, rnclnos, and poslets, of Pasco C'ount). FIDR Engineering, Inc, I t 1 , Y ■ FLOOD of blue baps tilled with recyctables spews from struck that has finished Its collection route. Pittsburgh's One Bag Recycling Program j JOHN WILLIAMS a few million dollars rrrore each year to HDR prepared a recycling technology and operate. assessment that examined an entire range MARIBETH S. RIZZUTO Pittsburgh Mayor Sophie fvlasloff of options and ways in which the positive resisted the pressure and appointeJ a attributes of each could be used in Pitts. Mr, Williams is vice president and program committee headed by Mai ibeth RiWulo, burgh. Four basic alternative categories manager for Fast Coast solid waste operations, now the city's recycling coordinator, and were considered: HDR Fngineering, Inc., White Plains, New staffed by administration representatives. a conventional recycling (residential York, and Afs. Rizzuto is recycling coor- in 1989 the committee requested pro mold-bin separation); dinator, Pittsburgh, Prnnsylsanfa. posals from private vendors to implement a municipal solid waste composting; a city-wide recycling program. 110K a material recovery through mixed PfrISBURGH instituted an uncon- Engineering, solid waste planners, waste processing; and vcntional recycling systern and saved worked with the group in evaluating a refuse derived fuel (RDF). money while achieving high leselsof par- responses. The group concluded dial While there were material recovery ad- ticipatfon, product quality, and market- none of the 12 responses rcc(ned vantages to the composting and RDF ability. Its recycling experience could help matched the city's needs, alternatives, the level of investment and other communities increase their recycl OB8df1Ae aPlB551/I9 concerns relative to material markets ing system efficiency and avoid cm- shifted attention to it hybrid of couven- necessary use of public funds. Time was passing. 'there •a as concern tional recycling and mixed waste process- Pittsburgh is unique with its long, that Pittsburgh would not meet a 1990 ing, Economic arid flexibility issues were steep, and narrow stairways and walks, deadline for compliance with stare regula significant concerns with conventional Terracing along the city's landscape, tions. The consultant and the commiuee recycling. Costs and lirnitsassMated with residences nary from single family homes worked to assemble a program designed rigid containers and specialized collection to high rise developments. The most dif- specifically for Pittsburgh.Ihecommit - vehicles weredi.scouraging.With program ficult part of Pittsburgh's recycling effort tee's primary cuncarus were to provide a costs and flexibility being the primary was resisting pressure from the local program that was easily implemented, concern, HDR and the city agreed to Took media, environmental and trade organiza- that was easy for the citizens to par. more closet) at packer trucks and com. tions, and other governmental entities to ticipate in, and that minimized the impact paction for recyclables collection, "follow the leader" in a traditional to the city's already strained budget Among all the options evaluated, response to state-mandated recycling In addltlon, the program had to satisfy plastic bags seemed the best choice to pro- goals. five criteria: vide an inexpensise container that need By early 1989, Pittsburgh residents a comply with Pennsylvania Act 101 riot be returned to homes up sleep and were anxious to begin recycling. Almost (the legislation mandating recycling narrow stairways and walks. Further, the immediately, city administrators were goalsl; conuitilice believed that the bags would pressured to purchase over 100,000 rigid a represent a cautious use of taspayer pro, ide a cushion through commingling recycling bins as well as a fleet of dollars; certain materials and reduce glass cpcrializedcollectionvehicles, the local a respondtoenvironinentalcoueerns; breakage, conlaminaliot, and material media, city bureaucrats, and lobbying a provide flexibility for futurechangcs spillage from the initial collection point groups maintained that blue bins and in the recycling field; and to final sorting at the material recovery compartmentalized trucks were the way a provide a program computable with facility (Miff'), to go. 1 he traditional approach would the demographics and characteristics of In August 1989, the «tmrr iuee pre. have cost the city Sl million up front and the city and its ciri,ens, scrtled the plan for the Pittsburgh One 11,1p n I!, d h(_m PUN IG WMIKS 61ls(iAZiNE, July 1991 11 11~ It - 7 Bag Recycling Program. The program three million city dollars on rigid con. doubling the 400 to 500 slops that uses color-coded recyclable plastic bags gainers and special vehicles, the city in. specialized recycling vehicles can usually and a small fleet of packer trucks vested a few hundred thousand dollars in achieve; dedicated to recyclables collection. The the alternative program. City staff work- • the blue bags and recyclables were bags are available through local grocery ed with local businesses, retailers, and able to withstand compaction, making f stores, either in shelf stock crag checkout some "recycled" city collection vehicles collection more economical; and lines. Pittsburgh grocers have adopted the to create a first-rate, large scale recycling • field observations and subsequent city's recycling bag specifications and of- program. marketing reports indicated that the pro- fer blue groery bags upon request. Ex- The program was launched in Septem- gram yielded higher quality recyclables fisting city collection vehicles (packer ber 1990 (right on time with a slate (even with compaction) than traditional trucks) with compaction capabilities were schedule). Over 80,000 residential units progr ems being serviced by the same used instead of specialized trucks. and 215,000 citizens, over half of the 1tKF. Alayor Slasloff and the recycling coor- city's population, are being serviced via Of the recyclables processed in the dinator met with strong opposition. The the second part of a four-phase program. %IRF, nearly 95 percent of the Pittsburgh press claimed the city was wavering; en- A field testing program determined material collected was successfully vironmcmal groups worried about break. citizen participation rates, assessed the use marketed. Of the glass collected, 4 to 6 age and contamination; some haulersand of plastic bags, tested packer trucks as percent was broken before processing in trade people felt the bag system would collection vehicles, and measured the level the NiRF. Little or no contamination was never work A reporter asked the mayor of bag and recyclables breakage and detected in the plastic, aluminum, tin and if she felt the people of Pittsburgh were material contamination associated v, Ith hi-metal, and newsprint collected. (The not smart enough to recycle the "regular" using compaction and packer acHk Ics, newsprint was collected for test purposes way. Masloff responded, "What's wrong The test program results were imprezslvc only-6 cu yd per truckload. At thetime with keeping it simple?" As it turned out, After four weeks of service: of the stud), newsprint had a negative the mayor was right. a over 70 percent of the individuals liv- value in the Pittsburgh market.) Implementation ing within the program area participated I he one bag system and packer trucks in recycling; are saving the city over $80 per ton on col- The city moved forward along a • 90 percent of the blue bags collected ection costs compared to traditional deliberate path that, after careful study, came from grocery store checkout lines; curbside recycling collection methods, a implementation, and testing, has proven • city packer trucks were able To make 51.6-million total annual saving to the to be effective. Instead of spending up to over 1,000 stops per route, more than city. Costs for container purchase and distribution accounted for about 70 per- cent of the city's savings, with the balance from avoided vehicle purchase costs. The Advantages of a Bag-Based Recycling System The balance of the city is scheduled to begin recycling via the one bag system Mobile, Alabama; Houston, Texas; Concord, New Hampshire; and Pitts- before the end of 1991. Based upon test ~ burgh, Pennsylvania-all began using plastic bags for recycling collection in findings, collection truck drivers have 1990. Promoters of bag-based recycling say it considers the needs of the con- been given an ideal compaction range to sumer, the residential hauler, and the municipality, resulting in a simple, yet prevent excessive damage to material cot- advanced recycling system. Since most consumers already prefer plastic bags tested. Grocery stores are being encour. for trash containerization, promoters maintain that the convenience of bag- aged to continue adopting the city's spM- based recycling encourages more consumers to recycle more recyclable material. fication for grocery/recycling bags. Bag-based recycling allows residents to store recyclables in the kitchen area Trucks currently make 1,400 to 1,500 and separate them conveniently at the source, In a bag-based system, residents stops per roure with high-rise buildings makes one-way trip to the curb-they do not haveto transfer recyclables from equalling one stop. Future vehicles pur- the kitchen to the container nor return th,- container to the storage area after chased for recycling or waste collection trash pickup. Additionally, bags offer time-motion savings to the waste hauler will meet it standard specification for a because they do not have to be returned to the curb. 25-cu yd tandem axle, rear loading, Bagsare easily available and affordable, and residents can use as many bags packer truck, The same vehicle is current- as needed, handling extra volume when a pariyor holiday generates more than ly used in Pittsburgh's mixed-waste col- usual recyclable items. Bags areconvenienl for multiple dwelling units and are lection flea. To reduce costs, the city will themselves recyclable, A bag-based recycling system addresses problems continue to use vehicles, 5 to 7 yearsold, associated with wind, rain, or snow and with insect infestation. Bags can be from the reserve component of its existing easily and securely tied, reducing spillage and curbside litter. fleet. The older trucks are well-equipped A bag-based system can utilize existing equipment, crews, and product to respond to lighter recycling duty. distribution channels. It does not require dedicated compartmentalized rtcycl- Pittsburgh's one bag recycling program ing vehicles and can work within traditional retail outlets- grocery, hardware, can be considered a success. It is evident and mass merchandise stoics. that the citizens are enthusiastic as in- First Brands Corporation, Danbury, Connecticut, manufactures GLAD Han- dicated by the 70 percent participation die Tie' Recycling Bags, in a transparent blue color. First Brands maintains rare. Plastics (HDPE and PET) are be- that research shows a strong consumer preference for a colored bag (versus ing collected at much higher levels than clear) due to the "privacy issve " While consumers want to do their part in aniidrwed. ferrous and hi-metalcans are recycling, they do not necessarily want their neighbors to see the materials they also being collected at higher than are recycling. predicted levels. On collection day, chain The GLAD recycling bags are transparent enough so that a hauler picking store and retail blue plastic bags filled up the bags can easily determine, from four feet away, that proper recyclables with commingled recyclables line the have been discarded by the resident. However, from a distance (40 feel away), streets for curbside pick-up. This one-way the specific materials in the bag cannot be Identified, providing the necessary system meets Pittsburgh's needs by pro- Icvel or privacy, viding flexibility and participation ease 1 while regaining the same mechanics as normal AISW collection. rM J e ~ r 1 i 'j ~'V1 T•,l i " ~1 ~Y~o ~'1 ~~ur i~.~~~al'~ Ya ~e + _ i! ~ ~ 1 , r J -0 rk.t~.3 i er 5 ~•/J,+,'s. s {.y,?:b~S ~ 'rn j~0.]~~ y ~~"y µ~c ~ _ r ~ i s v ht ,1 m' g 1'~ r 1 } [►.i ~ TV D .^~y ~k' S1~ +r 1. ar~~t 0~~ ~+ky v~'~b1 w+~ Y ' Z + a ter ~.FI y~~~', ry` ~~~~F ~ a~6~,~~.~ra t q; a ~ ~ ~ j*~~ Q' ~ E 1 . 1 1 ( M ~ ~a . J i ) c Y~ vi ~ r4' 2 it tt a ~ uJa 1 faA1 ~17 ~ ~ " i ~ 1 ~ ! F ~ F IV f V ' e,a a5 i ~'f r y 1 1 ,w y'{ F K ~1~ ~ If v~[ rv t ti Z t yr , 5 I ~ I ~ 1 \ / ~ rr ~ : 4 )1xy~ ~1~ ~~~V+~ ~ +11~U LL { Oi 1 01 a ~ F ~ 'rl 1. ~1 .d"4it~ ~1, °~•Ti~n ~y.•I OFS.7I F 5 . ;i b ~ +,?r`. ,ski I +r lSsyS ~ Y + 1+r y' it .Y 1 Y 1~ i a . 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THE MEGA MRF Kingpin o M tRecovery l Designed to process a broad range of materials from all segments of the waste stream, high-volume facilities encourage efficiency and economy of scale W ASST£17. \brrc rk'cyrlinµ it and nmt he SulItienr to s,rsr reklLlin}; in mam Ics+ Lust, I lo%% g ill ac do it? con tmnincs. 1tJisc taws? Cut scr%kvs' Altcr our conunitmcnts In WHEN THE BILL COMES rcc)khrlgl 'I'hcsc ;Irk' dlrricult MIN clcin'd olFici,ils Jrt, f,Imili,Ir trirli ilic Iulhlk s chrpito Some irvdiooning ntcrn'still rr~lclinuJndit,Slcillinlncsstocom111y'tsith to torn',nr:p from 10 %Llillg. nx)riillg clfiO the (1111) hndhlcnl is %N11 It to do %1111 and otitis arc tul'nlng to lung 11mil ('lf'Sas .11111 lildc the 011en unc l)VklVt] hill Ih,It LIIIIWS. A\1tc'n it ullilk'n loi)g- tcrnt scLw'itq to the rust (r rec')rHnk Jilt] nthcr criiival stn ices, coo. Ihcrc i..mothcr ch lick'. Sil~nific:ort ol)Ix+rtuniucs nnrni6c, ind their elcocd ollici,ds arc fared rcilh t cyint to iuglrot c 01c crnno!nirS of WkVdlrth 'rn .ontc dilcntm,1. dcgrcc, ntosl iomnumitica II.ICC the ahilitq to control Nuo:dwg In kattn,lnd S. Cadures, tnmrnission- Ihc lost of wl[crtinn and Im>.'cssillg AV1!i1c ncurri.!IS cr of (.hirn};n'S Ihh,ulmcnt or "Prccls :md S,mitmion. rCCk'nllcS arc )111.11), rlaq-to-d,tl' 4)[mr,!lion,s lost, as 'Lupc cilicS 111Nc' I.hIr:1 ~1 ar< rhJ cn,¢~11 hy' the nk'vd h1 sccll ,IS initi.11 r.111i!al csEtcn lAures All lot ctlrul.ih'd 111o•. idc nnh,idc wrfrlinl; nrn iu• to our cirin'ns in a and 111,inncd lur ~S inc (nnl'idun.c occr ,1111 cstcndcd dmxuc of scacrc lilUTI l,Il (I'll sti°Jints, %\c :rrc nutilin" • lx rirKi, 'Chc 11111' i,nl la' rnntrol n!cch.nllsm for the rhls cIIA1lcnl;c vI i1h a to futic.111y innowlicc ;illllro,th- etaiek' vrite Slrc.uu th.tt rvt llijkc a suhsianli.ll rliflir- by enik'diti; rvk1kLlhleS in St1Llr.rtc Now Imp.dorrK k'ncc iu long Imn ictNtI ,g. ,.insIvr m.ukctillig anti t~ilh r0tsc und 1lroussinQ thk'Sc' materials ar screr,il disllns,il posts "lllc s,ni g,s 111.11 Wsolt Front irullrr Ling Inc,4.i \11 ks, 'Ihc Scsknl \~(Ak it .,t cs 1111111 rl, nr IJY 01100"Itit's cell 0111.11 or cvicerl Ix11011i'!1 rk'tcnucs do Ln'S.',Ind h mekcs scluc.-. r~ir bit ~ • - MSW Mangrmrnl 1 Fragmented System Development Multiple Facilities and Infrastructure Redundancy $,Mpie Mum CvAhry Of 5WVCe Area any ti, s . !WS'R.ir'n..l ~cV - 1 ~A;II lli y' V. c il'. h~. E LCMGCSIryG 1 low t'T ~Y' n ~ u J..r. TC'4' I ur~~ I ~ i WBL1C MANDATE Il' and far t'ro~m t1liclcnt vv hilt lil};It in rontutltntcnts hats hctn mtde, e❑r is Ixrhlir mmidac is clrir. Itrrirlln,q is pr-ton Loll. 111.11,, rurrrnt pnigrents rum,k r1artratnls force atnfront•tt 011 in, and nearly ;uty othor form of ttaste kith the prod,ion of Other mood scr- n,anagement is out-:n least for noNt The MRF can be a goes. ti,„netlling %kill haw to give. will 11112 politics of «ry(ling lu, v spread the 1XII) r Ix ttllling tit lxy high,!r arxes front h;unld ut count}' sr;tt to slJtt leg- control mechanism to fund funhcr actiuty% \1111 m;ryorn be control to Gtpitol 11111 to the US I hk to dW tt Illing to rrekicr the police farce, cut \X111112 IlaxtK OUr rrHiolis cnthusi isnl tcuhcr olmics. close Bmhrxtxy and cLiy j lus been (nnsfucti info m nxLaor% Ter)'- for the entire waste c"arc centers, or reelnrr gurhtgc (Oliec- 1 cling fhsds a,rT,pktc to vm,e sta,s with tiara dots to fund csltcrnded reeyeiing? significant pcnalticn lo, falling short. %t'hether conunittecl to roc)chng or sort, stream that can make ECONOMIES OF SCALE our represent.trices air P.iccd ttitlt slgnlft- AND CONSOLALON eattt rcgulauart iittlncncc [trot tie, rLty, a substantial difference 11,r• hLIHOWds of MRrs dt a are ofxr.uing cling aemiq' to cotlltions for apl,nn•d around dw oxinuq are very sintilar to flit oaf action in IvIiAl of oilier turste man- old-Lishioneel corner groecry store agen,enr irti(;,ticcs. in long-term recycling they tcere generally single- or naTnm- 11:uty e'omn„tnitiCS Lace node con. function fnrilities ttith limited pnxlud sciotl% decisions to limil tcastc Ji,ho"ll line and cer}' high per-ton Costs. planning and I'.rcilrt, dc'cclr+pnxnl efi,ns transfer, marketing, Referring to ills rurrcnt endeaoar, to ,tot:d" or 'ntasinuint rer,',ling' pro- Richard l lass. dir ttor of the City of ton gran s alone. 'flit-se pnrgr.nus assume Uic;go W. ste :Nl.in.Igcment I1ep,inmenT. Thal ruotling still srltr the entire Caste and disposal costs s.Os, "our solid tcuste Itrnxessi g and disfxnad prr,hlon and diaount the rLVLl recgcling eenlrr trill attempt to lake fOr additiunil Lmd1'ill clis 1kos,d ap:rcin h.ace lore cocoon, r.ncs, oficn k.oing a hml.tg12 of .i nti.e Of puhlic- and pri- Ofitn thex' s,'strnts ;in• Gxnaktl on moll the rninmern ill tt alto sne.im Nhic11 is e:tte-tedrtr eJ-Pulise tat handle nt.rteri:rl 11RI's and future 1,1,111, ti, cXp.md the gcner,ill, rich In rr yclahle inmeri.dk front a range (if gcrivraton an-i NOUrces, recycling inlrastructurc. in fix' "grit,irc xrtr or,, %N11 h is s tl,criurc~ \C'e csl,cct l„ pRxesS o%er 951) tons of 00c for I.MKINI clislAral Wx11 x•panncd rnxvial rich dry, tickling up to flit tons OCYCLINQ ZEAL foist cre.nice arcrninting te.hitiyoes, al'ta,tcercrl regL61 k•s aril iotf tons of tlscrcoine by the zeal to fatale hit m.+n, nwni,ip,d programsconinhole lit nAfldrontlllht,.. tn.tny con,ntunitlesMAIL'ntagor connnit- tle to nryrling kind the dltersion l,f 1t'ith the oh)cctlte of a(hicving rncnis clip Un to,nilatiorl and j111 kUss- u.i,it- front ImIll( iflat LrnJfills, rA,nUanies rl vak• And 0 )n411Utticrn, (IW ng prarriccs th,,t It.ne posts ill IC uwt - t'cl once [hr goals are in hart kind tnWk.i-NllV can IT tutted ,,s a trod lit MSW Mana{emord r It N "'o try Consolidated System Development Single Municipality or Service Area l SVh? Wmcp hIl, m Sernce Area ITTITTITTIB , 1 I I ffIMMLL, ,API'.,, f,l I I j 1 1 I I am,rne:dhita, l'cl in, ny (nnnnunide, Ihr ruunlc needs to l+ul lliiic nn+ru relsars •r r~c~f lira; cirr ut i-.. ~If ~~lrifh I ~ dratpuruc'tld.dnrnliu•~'I,r;,r.,nn.rrc invllcckln,inln•,LCrrc~+ior,gnlnsnl.I~i rcsiJcnli.du,ilrrr,rltr.ni~n.I000unIsIllr PLinniitgthcOIL tdlll+rncnlof scIprr.rtvLid- rntnnlxllcnti,d,AAcnillllr.<InL,01111itl Ir..llidnnnc-Ilrlnlii tltrll,I'd111,rtc11LI1 hies Io Soa,ier C Ihi, gO'd +:m nt.rslmliin,¢ uUr a11i Irccn,rnt 011401, Collceted, or. 11,prr1siu1-rtch to .orIIIe II is sArc to rlnsUtIIC [11111 1A h ul'thrsc and (kill be inccdis,II'u,,q the pl+s,il+lc Inl.ll a,Ide sU'c-I11 IJILIIIIIOs (could indudc .t ruyriad of cle- Lk'Ndopntcnt 101 41 tlmsdid.Aed nwhi- It_c ovg1,Ind1m, 1hr rcc}(6ng produce 111011+ 161' intplut,enfAi+ m..1 fekc of [110 n.lste strk.Im r.kllitt III1C, the vukg-c-AIRI~ 1.II3'crs gr0:n0r ditcr~ Irst tx.Unfik> indudc site aeledinn. Ixxr- 'Idte n1r,t;a-%lI?I is ,pceirically ly and lung, rU,,ge Ilexil+ilip' ~inte t~ nutting, and deccll IpMVIII por a connnu- designed ,u fatilitatc 0untrr d of the enlirr 6;kLs ul nr:.teri,d nKa ncresl in ;t Iradition- nity that gvner.Aes 1 rXrl tpd Of ceuste. ,rastc strc:un.'Io maiinrizc ON slings, ;II MIRY Are not unlike Ihosc From the the en,t of uVp.INICly e€ecclolx'd n;lste the system is cons did.Aed to dte IVL0,Cst cnn,n,crriAl and insti[LIhOnal tcastr mwtlg,+en,cnt irtfntsltokhlre UTAhI extced possihle sites. routs--liu example p:gxT, pLlsti(s. 011- Sii) million. k1. and rorrug;Aed. tduminwn. Fcrrctty. Ik-yond sa%ings (Pit capital inceslownt. COMMUNITY-SPECIFIC PROGRAMS .rod other atct,lls--the eonanunity is 11111 the conwlk molt of oixrming tows can It is in,Ixatant In stress that the facility ceploltng ne,k morlds tchea it tomes to reduce the tl:1y40-clay rspcnsr of file IIILN I'V designctil to edkiress the six0iflc processing techniques and Inarkcting. facilh, One adminis mIj%rc s6dT, nr:IintO- conditions prr,enl in the contnutnity and \Inrc likely, pn KC9sirtg multiple te,IsIC Hance crew, urvrity and 1.6or force kill way ineluek• a i,invtq of ,,cruno%. one sir,,-airs [could yield a giolter wilinnion ncrecrse Utih7L.Aitlt and lotcer system nrAjor ndc:int.ige Ih;n cornets vrith a multi- of equipment and +he ahility to market It iYrsts. gMtln appn¢Ielt is IhC ahility to Cdpolre range of 111•1 t erial 1 Ades. rectirlahlas form o much gremcr pool of MARKET OF LAST RESORT m;ncriai, Given espericnce kcirh resi- COMMUNITY CONTROL The ahility to sear seltr{ customer dential n•cyeling programs to date, it is AND RISK SHARING " boas in time. Huy not hr an op[ on. fur in,Ixtsihle ur reach nryding gn,1k of 11r,r\1hi's can Ix' truKl III e11h.lnkr r' in- llx-A jurisditiions , Nlu,T cnpnnunitias arc Itr', and uhocc rrithout :IddressiUg uwnir; control and public-private ri,lt re,sInntnible, at one Ixrini or ;mother- for w0riple nUC,mts, Gmlmunitics Iot III, kor- sharing, '1'11is till IK• c,Ixri.dlc iInIX0.11A their entire [1:11[0 stre,an, Often the corn- rendy rclxe+'ing I'Iigh rcrycling Ries lypl- IS gate III in(n°,lsing mankl.uotl reky- munity or county is jdcntil'uYl as the In.1r- edgy count e\isring s0r•1p industry Antic- cling ge+,ds is on the Ie,gi,l.eice fn Iriiun. ket orl;tst resort fix nrncri-ds that the pl- A and n0vi-ill thin is usually nIX ern ;A A1110 is Ixin,g hr.lyd refugee ur Ianalties tate.se•ctur is not ;tetepting ll Ih Collins, the ll,c;d Llndlill One `CI 01.14t city III,A eotdd Ise huposekl by gl n ernntetn A Monntouth Cnunt~'. ~7. 0nritlrs nn omnnnmiries administr:nr r s;rrs: i- administrative staff Ih.It h.rceiIneeds timatciy, the county Is One , al dislwlMd actitilstthdc rrspunsihla for closing occresliI1IjIhng recy- the rctycling 111ol) tJn maintenance crew, security, ding purentl,d. He rill of th;It, NW hate ttr (link in rn.rny , Isc~ keep ret)thrg :md dis- and labor force will increase m.rn.Igcd on p.lssi•r psAi en,ts at the [ImuNt Irasis-'ihc r1IrI1iI I,AIlons p snrV-klccels \teh.,cea utilization and lower system costs 1,.ICe IIl kn Ieen hllre- rnunry-ilde prngr,un, I+ut St.111kc1.T.% Usc•rA'uc•. Mss MenaLmertl dhtt.kk,rtIII II1c: in IPPIt lin,l ncl,lI[I, r.tlr, liu,ur tc,gkil.ili,,:z, gill likely PI.aC Ac.IlrI rnlhhl,i, „n EunltIII JicII,iun I'll1 ,tnJ Inrlnkt (IN [It jk kI.IN I I' i1 MEGA MRF PROJECTS l.,1bGirni.t, \IPliIr in,lmlr, hull c%it h ■ fine, of ~ 1101 n M I L. ,r CII Jn [Ilk r.'nnlnu , lilt% Llil, III IIK0 Iuand.n'Itl JicCl,I,kI isle,. 1n ,IIIrc ,Coca. in, lueiing, V 'There arc a Iaanberuf ntcRcl-1i11i's currenily in planning and detclnhnu•nt. Irr,cc. ct.I'IL' ILIA h dnrnCJ dI n,Nclnl,t; A fCls in( lude: ILK llt'C,i,I'Ilk 11wlrlr,Eli.rIhC ur,itn cal Ilu• rcctrLhIL, In.Ilrri.0,. Neill) Ihr l'Al- .Inrc~-a, Mill I, IMP ._.Ililjx i Ill Ili the • Richmond. G1 Crsl: 513 Slillion Si:t,950t1x1 Prtxrn+t~nu•+rla/Jm rib. I.Irttlc Iu cttltiit -,I,Ik• l,ntdfiEl, In uwn,~•. the nYCC1.1, Iari'n i. a Ihin11 cli,pui,:cl Slit-elan.: Rcsi Icrtli:Il. PuhliC t)Itrtershir, ' Iran,ti•r y.IG',n. 1 110111, 1111It I'll, i, IN CnntlncidA Full-SCnice Con[rtc[ clod Itld thn, lk,1%d Ill 111 Lut,il~'lltt Redcnlhrir)IICCnlcl Cnct: Fstint.ICcd it 521) Million E%am les ofoperating %`,I vlJ n,d h"Icl kill unJcr vnllim P rlanlnun huI fI. P,i„tco nl,In- t'rtnC+nn,nrrut.Ilyw1 11 facilities include: igrntunl. ILIkl[I'll ' W III ;di ttr ,r.I,n I lrchitcc v:r! E ngincurinH kr,air,~IrIIIL~c.am,,,n .ultcclcn, llc,i}{n.i'rit:mOcsrur,hlh. •Sari jose,CA .1111 tI n(.Jlj, .11IN I,Ii~c.- ,,,~I~ l)Ixrati,t,q Conu,nt Si:C 250 flxl c,c.il,ilc. Ni in rr.dlh. u,nln'I n lan-c,l Strenut.cCoulnlrniaE Iu cch~nlirtrl i,Cr.ric ILr I,~I.il 111"1 • Sacramento, CA r,i N A IItr h,t„nr lppl, 1, h 1,6rnpii,hc, cam Sce2!910 the fln'RN+NI'lik Prit-atC. Ci Violins Rc,idcnti.l.l'arJ 11"I ccill,qul ,hillin~; the r1,[, li,rl..„,d f'ctnchi,r ,Cn I'll, dcc.ly Iiunl the a'nlnllillo lli A\:vntc, l ollill rci.tl yllll> dr,cl'q,rcl antler stall -,rnl,e l-W V,tint:ned A 530Vlil;inn • Marin County, CA IPPI~IA(II All Ihr a nununllc I,I l,lit PrrKUrc+nrrrta/+I/1i1, Vi. e. 1,014)ipd Ihr hul,lk IMkk Inr,I the I,hrl,c "1vl,lic- I'ubli O7 %rlCr,Etih. loll- SbPeius Residential, Sc'11Ice0MIT ct COMInrrci:l.Yurd tnr h.utnul',lih. .I, in ,h-Iro1 1 d \l a ste ,I,lclnyl ri,h, l'luli~nn.11 hrrcurclnrrn y t aru! n+nu'.ICI'Iny hnKC„ I, clc,ipned A, • San Diego, CA Cost N;'A I Sfzt, 9501 (IN 1 0a Piersb! r; Pris'ate. Collection rct.Iinrcnttl,I ul the hul,lir dC,tinr, Ity Srr t.rkin.4 All ,ICtVcc rl,lc' in Iacil'rtr rrana Residential, Franchise dc~clnl,- I nunl is an c,uncr it nnltrdclht,Lt h:ntc Commercial. Yard lot II u1,q-tcnn ,err ire, pith ,IK•riIK JVI Waste, Sewage Sludge • Philadelphia, PA 1)rrnt,tncc rC,lu'arlnenl,, lllC wll,ln,nllir Cwt: Iistint,'l l at 529 Million Size: 200IN ltl pill d %rl hr(Ilk ,I en ,t PnrcaninerrtAlpitrirc-h: Sinvrnur: Commercial I 111• full ,Coke Ihhn IA ll Il„ r utlkr, Public Ownership, Full Costs $25 to $35 per ton iI IK I., All nark' ,tInr Itl,tj' v Ixcljcr't Sco ice Contract Owncrdnh Prn'ate, Collection I„iI rlr ri,k, to Ihr hritstr rcnd,l; IhLt,grr„ i, 1'rmchise IKin,q nl.tdr In Ili, Inva. 1'nt f'ctcr,Im. • Chicago, IL IC},l,ri,Ilin,tl Cnun,Cl csitlt fl.Itck[nl, 5'ize:LOX,to 1.5001]ld Johnstown, RI f ICl.lflClcl S \Vln,d. eclat,. °II .IhhC,u, (3 hlciHtics Planned,) .1 100 IN 5'rrr-inns. Residential Co- Strer;nts: Clnnmerci:l, Some 11111 nl.Ij,Ir, rrrditcsnrthy ccnch,r, Inc iK,inlting dI Cnmidrr [11e ,t„unlPli,m ,d collcdetil [Uggcd Bagged Rccyclables I, nµ--Iron 111,1k I Al tn.l kiting ri,k, 'I'hc, Rccy'chhics, Uklidr $0 to $00 rcr ton .1„lltlgiliun r•nl t.Ikc t11.111% 1i,nn,. ,util d, Yarcl WastC Owacr%hip; Prirare vvJiu1n-tcrln Ilc,nr hliir gu.u.Inlcc, in C. kq I(slintalcd :u $25 Million [o i 1,lit 1ncII,n'N011ctCIlk IC,ltdri,0¢,it ,ig $35 Million •C.ontimicutResources nilirdnt rrJuc11,'11, in the IIKr.din,tt Ind !'rtsurrutcrtlAppnxrd+: Recovery Authority, CT r 11%lirllrn.Inrr Ice. li,laic IIlk, 111N.Ik• c,,Ill- Public Ow ncrnhip, Full- Size, (0) to X00 ird h.tlty mL,itrs.lll I II tlc n1,Ilcrial rr~rnur, Stroke Conlr cts StnaoNS. Reslclcn[ial, I Gmnnrrcial DESIGN AND OPERATIONS • AtechIcnburg County, NC Cior 513 Million Truro a clc'il ll nut „Prr.tli, lit, huillt of Siw, 5t>I) (Pd Orr'ucrshi/+; Public'. S'trrnnrr Comntcrri,d Fill]-Service liver. Ihr Iarllin Is I,Irs;rh-.I hnkl,ic1 I1I ul"h I„cal cnlxlltlun,, IhC,c, k Ill - Contract 10n, illi IIIC alit Ind (1110i ~,t Ihr. t,itgcteJ w.1,M ntn•.un. IIIC 0 lI,IIliIil% Ill MSw tM~npleln•nl I I ItWAI ret)tlin,q inl'rl11tI,I Ill V; rnlet1.rct' pr(1jctis iIlk lnde Ihosc in ,tine.. 11 :Ind 1111mici,1Ixriuts (t tica. rcylirmcnb with c(1Ilcction scFA tct's. t.noiptlt. k,nuse} and A'I'hingt(1n bilker is :r c'UlllillLl111g eurlution iI nl:ncri.Il nttrket rsluiren,ents; applicalllr counliec. \I.\ t911utpd1. tlrc 111e South- negLdialirlg str.(leg) ILIA could henelit r'cyrlinggoads; urail.Ihlcdisl>tr1tl r,rh.r,i- east Pulitir so %iic authnrltt plant, the puhllr side of [he pr(1jcer A'cntlurs to,'. flinching Pmit.ttions, risk Ix,oturrs :Ind 1'ortsnnnull• VA I2IN,utpth at' prn'101111 ccilling to att'Cpt rinks tlwt (1peration,d and imncr.hll) peals. l ltiln,ttel}. Lilt' t„n„l,t,,,it, „ltld It.. Many current programs have low recovery 0 411 Jering the ecluis:dcnt of a Iarge-scdt' mnsI.tls di t'I;. ifloin `ent .[(1r:lt rates, often leaving the comercial waste tcimli'r and nd diarihutin center, nanrt like aI In.ini f.10mIng ho. do in most indnsirfd lmrks. 11 ~hl)tld Ix' dcsignld lit stream which is generally rich in recyclable dracs htrm multiple «a.te s[n°.rnu set kccp the inlxcund rnatari.d ,Cp.rc tr ILc. arlnmlttiatl krads sep.lalt' hen„ re,IJcn- materials to the "private sector," which is 101 mxcri.Il) until the s%stcm is rrt'ined nlil All Ilt 11 lcsnl,int'tl ,ns 'shot .\n In sometimes code for landfill disposal , llll rl'l llti nt lC sI ill le.l tiled 1(t rtll tic rehire-1,10i, t'c1 litI I Will r proles r, r of the 'I t, is 11 r kccp the IMr II a I1111x r Ok1) .r c k Ir .r}II I {o I ndd rn It hate I xrn non[ Singlle, p10I.11 rhlc on [hC loot-,10th- LESSONS LEARNED uggesrcd t he Lager projects will nd„grer,d ()f tile slxrlunt. It eul1111NA \1101 11.11 ulrc.tdt' hccn 1r:Irnc'd .end n•rlulre nnrrr sig11111(.Int hil.lnli.rl ti(1null,wrrsrrr,1,wlargciten,s,tomcl- pn,gw,s nladr ill mt'g.1 AIkl dctalr'p- Iurngrh (1n the JIM[ (11 [lie c0'ndor, ing, tnnnmclin}',, m.tgnctic svil'u nil,11 Incnt. fnrm it pl.I11ning poin; of stets. IICrIinnlance gu.Ir.nnccs trill I,t tied to eolds current stp.u All 111. screening. .1116 nzlm plirsillks uv'cl in dreelr,pin,q r,tlr0r nlec 11.111..',1,, inducling tiding pruh rcol. 1,mdpitking c,rn lit! uv'd 10 rtwwl 1111 ,1 ntj(1r a;Ide rmtugemcni Lk111ties apply >fhcr dUh the cunllnunily', rrslxmslhilir ncncrial, LargC-sLulc shredding sh(1uld Host 'un11, Ill is the issue ut siting, It is For A% t,te ct mlposiiion, he ❑coiclcll along with cyulplicnt slut ,going to IV c. 11y U1 site nu'ga-A3klb, '111e scndur c(1nununit% is Ix'pinnin designed 1'or II n.Irrow tlppliration t1 i, hoarser eulnornical ,Ind L'I icient tllel It slnct a %clilingnCSS to AILVI)t [Ile ri1W ResitsIlcxihllitl, non Fhe Iron-iLAk, 111I)W than h.tse usertheInngtensFornr.neriadnr.vkenng uplxrw'd other Mhliuns in Ln',rot kcil and residue tlislxr ul. linnnwnitics need Processing multiple rc•tirling pnrgrants trill Irkcly apprise' 1110 ur ;nnid the pitf.,lls a5srxiITt'd with the tut;¢tdlkl'. 4nl,e arlhtsts parr e\prxstsl xoc:pi.,n0e of risk for the conllxwition of waste streams the ollinir l Ihar[ I,.x)rling should 1140 dome the caste stn'am one tvas to do shah is nn small scale, ttith a \IRr in nearly to use r•a'.nrh and d41rlnpnlcni Ivriotls airy' n6ghlxtrhexxl, I'nlike the sucecas- with rend(1r material rewwr% iroentisc's. would yield a f-il h'ilown-ti stnltcgics used ug Iinnt DIM g.ithcreJ during the initial ptar nr waste-tocncrtip, the aetitist conununil} 1cara of operation trill provid the 111,1% ' find it elIPICUlt to expl,iin tshF slltdl lmsis for craluanion and acceptance of greater utilization of is i;cst «hen it eunlt'ti for reegt'ling. (ht' Facility. In order to n,.,simiie the e114ie11ev ul' r the mega ;AIkf, a r;tsr:rthle 1ne,file of (lie THE PAYOFF equipment and c,tstc strc.lu and cndc0tion nc[ttork is Mega-\lkps can help ILllill the public: tritii,J. Curetul utention Ili ;oailabic tnnnd.ltt' f(1t more rot}'sling at less lost, the ability m.Itt'ibi:end n,.lkctstrill.dstoIx• ingMrr- IIx'} pnrvide aI rrlcth:tnism at one of Lint alcn siting the I'10lity and stlec.11ng Moo Ix Tints in R-k-Wing x tthith dic ten- the prlxe•.sin,g,Ipprn,Illi nutnit% ran hlFe amhol. pnx't~sing and to market tcrlltxtioet and "Millis INXII intn';l xlcFli- y PROCUREMENT AND tietlts awl ronstllitl.niorl 1s troll as [he NEGOTIATING STRATEGY rllilitp 1114(1nllx'titicely pnxilre the f.ItiG• a range of -Ili( pn. Urt'rncnt nlr,dt; ' should include tics aIt1 JIpjr arh (1r exccx•d Qlnent rcr- dtLlVlttl dcsttipil(1na of the prnjext cmi- tnue lctels stings 11(1111 ;Innl,lly hid material grades niorlrtl, the suh'lctt ttAutc strc.uu. per rt'siOLIC disIkINII 4niccs could Ix1tt'ntlnl- f(1rm,Ince ttrluircmcws, ;Ind opt r.eiin,g. In' pat f,rr tl,c ! trihq ost'r at sho11 Ix'riotl r recnscn'. and nurkcting (Ili li,4,tiIlls , The 411 '61110, dClt'ntllng rIn the regi(m j Muth of the sucressFul kltl' cspcri- 1,rrxure111en[ shoulck inrhtdt' jIIIAisi%,ns once, with the csccprhon, of nhrrdoling tnr f1111'Ie (letclopnlCnis of 111.10ds. JnAe Ufllfanet it rI rhr• J+rr!ldr+r7 u0 17010 to, the tallue of a Irnt-hrlutol(1gp V'e 13,1 yu liflcninns sho,ld lie t,nrfully ~r rrlrrr ,rl!!J n t,le plwrtnrr Trill, 11PR i design philosnplrt. qulresslul NIII' cr.rlu.ncsl from cy(nence. tapahilils, lrrt'lu,n'rh{, I MSW M~ngement b.', t ~;'I'l vela -~7 wetlands I,iP Br t, o rrtIl , I i 111 h,.nil nla'rulil, t,c lc IIIni1!ulllr 1 .Ind II 1 I I I rt t11 hl, I hr VI Ilt s r;,nllrFt- "N e vv ~A E-.34 (cind s 6~ nc, r,. Fl mr.L11 ft11,u'lnlcnr, Iln'u1 unl~ nisi I I"' f,111, I l IF ill ,rtl1. ihu ~I 1„Pill klt,r AA,p. ct f r \Ltn. r~,rlncnf Unlritl 'I Ilk- Ir Im IF n , ~,l, I h r l" ,lilt Ilk nr'n 1 N ( utll, I,t tt, l P, It I l; 1 11 It 14 i II It, hcllH' Yind J ur.ldc. I fi tn'il 11111 1, 1 l.I tllt~lt Ird~IIl rl,mlu,k { nd IhI n IJdtd 1 r In L IF Z'1 ' f y r rlL,lulu- Jr. hclpJ,i,l Irn,i,ruru lnd1~,I,t,I- ~A, 4l ,idr ,l uvd.lnd tr,l ,I lull l' r.lt i, 111111,1 in, t II e,I I ,It Ills fi IF lr ❑III if;.lll Vl .I rl'J, I, IIh 1111, 111, 1111 tIt',r', Iit 'it 11 r , " It rid lI, litlrIII\ I lll~r l l It, llrl nn l 1'4!,11 t'. I 'VAr,.at lr, 1 1,1,11 rv„drt 11 I, l., unlfIrr IF rt it lthl hl litl 1 AII' tctl,qunnn SI , ' , ~S ~ ~~g 1 ( - Ills nl.ll~n II, it t.,l anJdl 41~, ~1 ti~I nclu 11.1 i Irtd 111 dl ,Ii;, nnin Ill II1.4„1 n 111,1' I tl t'.I. ,ItA, l 1rr .Ill iQ d, I LIr l~1.IIIlIny;, rv!` r I I,nl , , I,' I, Ip I,I I Iv 1r1 t 1111L In x1111 " ~ ~~~,r*-•~~ ~ `..tw ~ Ihv ILI ~.tnJI1:. t1 ~,I,III„It ~ jF: , + New Wethuds 8einq MOnitORd 11 r I Rs it r, I I Jilin,, flhtl uru nln, i, u.n . r 1.r Sf.~ I ,rn. n. •!cl, i1 in imm,. 1•t I Inp, P1. 1rnnl nlera. int. Il n~u ndrnl.'ulm lei d" i ,Ign_n mm~ 14 W)li. ty11,l IIt, Ir.n l,. nI III ~ iIl,nlt,Illni 11,11 llv „It!I Iht 1111 nliRt,l ltliri ve Sumter and Betsy Davis, Ill Environmental Scientists, check growth and health of p d a rI it, irl rid i'li Ill, I Ill rni, I itiii d l r I, ti, c, f stings In Mitigatbn Wetland Area 41, as a part of the required semiannual monitoring III tit Cnt hrmincnl, 11 ht i•ir 11 dt, cl f program. 111„ ILmi,I I,',unint! I nn, ill, l dials kldp,- y. Mel l•nI I, it It n\I 'rill, bins, t 16lnun lt . Il Itl' Ir(.Ihl lit' 111 i. I1 I, rt', IIt R„A, It.ILVl' Utll.n111 '1 111 Io111111,,I Ihv Ir II'd.l it'L Attill I)['' lIl1IlP,It 1110 AItiIll' utti.md1,.Ip.ut111'I'll 10111d111t~I rolli,cwwril,II.Ilikc.mirtmtIIt ntn ttcl Itrruul, J,'lln,s,nlnl~ ftllm. it N'n l,~rl.I nl.lld l,n xl,. Slllli aillul.ll In,1,ol lit ~u, I pr rap :Ind ntdrN \ui~u,Ilnc Ilrlrida 11,1,E I1.1%I,, 111IR Cull tim,-rtt.:t N,i I.IIIItl.llll.ll,llilt ,unIF l1l,ul11 hndl6rr11,l,1n1 tIlk X14! n1i11inn plh. unit ll im lwlc, enll,r,,dy,IlllK lK l;,ut do int cnlrn'~1dt vI,r in,Q, Ic„ full SIP,, ,unit Jl ikilwit, rc tln,lrr,inµtrf the nri~in.d Llrtlhll. n.l, Ilnvr m,q tr~;ot.Itir ln. rill .In,1 t c.1n In Ihr tu,IAiuR Il l,d u1n,UUrt'r al q.IlcI iml rc1.1101 ,1111111 fl',;rllflYi ,llt'i1111, 1111 h. 4 %h 1111'74- , 'Y~ 1'11, r,hor rl>,ul.nir m, and um,rf11 Ir lr VAc I,luIll; 111.It the rip t h r, r'i r I W It It Ill I nd tyxv it lit It hill l It l,I l dtfct le du tl l.I Ill 1,111 rc IF i ! a~~ rt,. ~rtddt inlhu n, r,.l qlt Jl,nat velum 13 c,I ed ntdl 41' IF Iltins;, .I, ,trm nrm,A rill I; a. re l.lndl111. l11r .',".I, IC II~h1Illt h.lt, hilt 6,eunl, t ,r,Intlu.Ircr Riess III I" Jill ,110 tilt lit1%It 11,11,11 k Jill ,.,1,t hi raw. ltd rc'.tlrl. I 6111.111, nulllo, \1r,ti ni.l of un. - nI'll lllcd,u nrn 6.t, ln.r lc i,'Jill . Il'.Ilk pllll'rllt ,11111 ,Inu..urnrn thc,i;trll lilt l11IM111, l nUntt ullLr d,wtlt IL It) 1.1, tll atilt t lt, rnt.!lll; ?0,trir It l lcFlll, ill, -11, I[Milk%~.1 1'111,1 rilllt f 1 hil,, l114't,r ❑p r.I, ICllu ith n,ltir rn.111t 6nrnul pJiV In 14,In 11 it ki Ils; rill ...i rt ilHl I n,yinccrinL, Ini II I dc.Ign Ihr vulut it111.1, rlilt ill 111 Ihr rh,. `.r m,t.lllaltnn ITcd ,cl it ,LI Lvlti la. I't lriJ.I. Id,I, cetLll it l,l 1n11 tn J% .IN Ihu Ior I Iii, I it I,11rtpt1 li 11 111111 , ro,I•u1~ the dtt, r,eh 111 IL-R) Mark Walsh, John Loekfaw, Barry "Bud" Ill and 11111 I',IrJ t.r n,vlu u1ln I r, I trLr nl,61. I u.n ttLI111 hIl'tr,rl Fred Sebri la review plans of landfill base preparation. Iht sit uct.tl c 1 ntr,t tl it \1 irk P.d,l~ t, 1, f I it un'ht.rlcr irtcl, I'll 11111,In.I r f"r l llll,l,, Ird 11ctl l 11111 it, If ll ul1 Ili, n rill II, t I,.I11. 1'1,Innn(; 11;,1 Ir IrIil11',1Ii1 #II,1Irh1 HIl Ii Tilt lx rrml.11,1'1 i1.1nt, I,I I,'Jill Ill lP ql I I lrlrcc, d„ le „~RFant New FfefludS ,n:1~In, I-Jill tlt.n,111 ,ntr lilt, ill nc~ nru tI'L'I r,It,„I,v rd,l5'+e , [I 'll1ruv, Ill Ili,( 'I fv.cI'I'IU, 111111 IlIC hunlnll xil 1, 11 ~1r11 ! utrl,ln'f it. I, u, it tlthnlllnt,l ll~Ihc l,'rr I Ilk \ d, r it Ill urnl¢ 1111 n.In,t.nJ nut u,'rrr rtltnnlti w 1nr1111, d. I, cJ I n sar " r t I { I iI qu, Ill 1. 'In>;, I In,r utcd, vNndd, ttrl r,,,Ir'l e nr1.Ir'r f1rl!1 ~:I11C~;1171~~~'dIl'1' I r Eli Tougher regulations and tc;uut,. irk of dkd4.+Ird i uu nt} r ~h"K i.ds, sl.uc concern for the environment. and endlkdcndcilk irunmikn4d,igerntrsAnd lIOR especially water quality. greatly infilienced in prcp,ning a Lindlili siie f.Iys Tarp, design and the ' I t h. Is hccn i l k ng in (I incohcd )jk. construction of the 45 acre landfill. the 8.7 acre stormwater csshl'IhuendrksulllsoHit' Ill 111LI still ti,untry, 1A -e lFlURtureprllnd En havr hkvrl retention Ron. and wetlands, the newly created j p,,n oFthc cllon," Hasckl a In m the hi4hIl . 1 urkessful rut. ErhiiflDmtlonlwrNlagedflll Ed of Ill dc'rignc-d t.md5lls Ihroughotu fu.mC,'ll'arg-NSIalion.111'kdtnik':dl)i- OIL n.rtiun.IhcrrisnndouhlahKlurlhccvent- Milk mille'uldd.l}s'.aI>,nnallttcdld rrtlur. landfill olmmions. for HIM Fngi- ful (icrfurnl.mtc of the St. Julms Crrunlp l tuprq).IrCastreforal;utdfilluassklnofl'dIe necring.]ilk ..ishigiJ%kornpl'uucnLlnrrftltr 1illut.tnRldgeLindfill. LfQ tcgo.ition and Ix-gin dnntping trash," ea}s it, Johns tuunlq'I'ilLn,rn Ritlgc Linkllill, Bud flarrN,, I)ircktor nl' St,lid 1C ;t.IV. St. Chia is in cuvknr C!cutlple krl the Johns Cnunrr. "\ukk. a Ill( lnorc nnnl he dunk R, gkt .In area reddt- r HDR deaigns e'dlyd It Ir the irca Ill Iw 1 rlrarcd, gniirlx•d and all t k,cct.nirr nalcri.d :i nd rut rtuvnou-d. 7'hcn c 11x' I tk r r Ln kn 1- inkdlv1artkl; in, hc-stiii,ool imp, ~ncd s.lndt c lac. gntliknk liner, ou rill Itigll I)knsii% h IINt Ill} It nc I I if)I'I' I, I, fl. liked l[list I lov, in rill. 22 1 2 hrl It idr In' Ilul Fkct 10 a1g 1111111 ihtsc , urtrr Ilcd. QIC jiinn hc- rttt'cn Iht sl of rrLl pprd .utd tk err R Cldckl I,}' .111 1 )L uit J n.lrhink 1 IA11.11 ttu m 11"%V is cs se nt IL i 11% .1 ~i 1111gt 11,1IIIIUIh, ekpLlins I kJ SclK st,l. 111 of I'n Iik't1 kLi rr Igtr, Vckl. tans go mvr, pill i(ling, space h Ir ant k'adlate to tilled and dralu intn 0 lnvh (rated pilxro. I bysc pipes. spakckl -'h' ap.ln.ukla,uthllRca IYenchdrain' LttlcllAIC h.'tt s, II}'gt'atlll, to a c1 llletEllin poini ti IItTt IL is luadCd ini1 tdnkcI Inkks and II,,lm IX mcd uII1iIC 11, I hr Cr runt y Sctccr I'I.i r t f 1 I I treat nt e III . IIt )R design Cstlmales a m;tsintuIll of I IO,I 11I gudlons ofa)IICkIcd Icaeh.ne 1vrd•ry n .and layer a;Is placed tin it.p uf, and st pa re lied Bon, the get I fa hr it. 'I hC sand Lgx•r 11:1 s tk y>IxK111}' a nc rtl Irrgt•r d1.Ihrii 111, rc Ellie laps were Landscan. This CLdx,rareprcp.lritiun1sIli nsure that no r oll+lmis crlcr the ground a:11k1. e%p I a f ns Sel,cshr. A scpar,tle NEn ii".iicr syslcnl oItLtc'Is w.Itcr From rho Cnlire site in in Cntir ling drcdl lrnuk h Ilke'a nlual1. A HE stmi,n runt vs Ilic 1111111 tea stouatk atcr WE, I the S 1IU2 tit renlik in ptmrd, Bare 1 KlIfAIS (aril thr pond ;,Ili re the r tvarcrb,pass through s,ukl filter s iuroadluin. ing nal a r i I tl rtl.mds. The old l,Irx10R %N III Ire duo-cd nut hr capping it %A 111 In 11111 111)1'1: En prktkul lnfilrr.nion of r.dntt.ncr. 111t14 mininumig pn Kluk Iii qt of p ~Iluling Iedt h,,tc, IkfVj%Incg,tslnIll 11WI1Id i.1nthitltit ill fiv ` tCnlcd Ynlo dIt air ihrnug11 r1lntnr1 tt ells. If undcsir.ll,lC Itlnrs Ixcnmc I prnhlCnt, ;hie g.u 11;11 ix n.ned. HDR Engineering, Inc. lad :ind Wittir -----rh14dIl OW lip- 1 iLANDFIL 1! 1 LSk ANATOMY OF AUTOMATED DESIGN JI x♦ ~ uu:vs I f y vv nr Fi. l'uIt I lu l,'alifirrniri's .?(it) aere, Ber Cal11'0n landfill sill amid a rrirnpli('ur'ed nrva^ork of rtnrr04"' , f rur~hoas s'idr sir/r slops , I?d fl Is s-illr woos! lmidJill /)rojrrts, n1rinual (ledgers zil'onld'hate Grin lime-consuming, and lark of pn)prr sof xwit could have hindered ranpu/erixed de- shms, Here's hoa!~ Ilrr rlrsitmrrs ,tv~lcv°dlhr prod/curs ngince rs s}u,uldnl be dricrrul from au- signers) are usually laden with ovcrpow- ! %thedule. ~lomute.d design by the lack of hmdlill-sdx- red and ovrrfniced f arures while lackinu 'Rte 13ee Canyon landfill sits in the Sam I cific software. ('cans for Southr rn Califor- , the essential design tools. i to Ana Mountains, approximately 60 mi nia s intricate for Canyon landfill, cornplut- For rxamplr, layout and grading ntnd- southeast of Ctrs Angeles. It will hold up to eel last year, sprang from basic computer ti are geared to cross section &lclop- 109 million cu yd at the end of a 30-ycar t aided drafting and design (knot) packages. Went, viz nmhilentplated srgmrats, with prof, :fed [i(rlime. As many as 76 ancient, The dearth of specific software did not I sup(rclrvalionx, spiral transition curves i massive landslides, some in excess of 0.5 f deter designers and, in (act, may have pro- and elevated crossovers. [in( the modules J million cu yd, have been mapped f within the treed them from he hirlrlr•n costs of auto, ' have no easy rrnrh:utisnt for defining a lief- I fill limits, Fnginre+s designeed d the the landfill's ll's foaled design. Too often, these costs crt,(1) er surface normal to and a con,law IN, Il. side shgw% and liner syslem to sustain per into design bmlgrts when new cnmpuler- ness above a base surface !hroughrmt a lentiatly severe stability problems caused iced engineering tools arc introduced, es- slxrified atrea Drainage nmdulcs, rich with by landslides o ,d high slopes, lintel side i p dally "fascination" costs, It's easy to run grale inlet and curb-and gulirt section slrgxs vary from 20 ft In 110 ft high and are up such costs in trying out asserts of a new i choices, have limited opera-( hannel design as steep as 3 horir, r I to I vrrticad. oa linoingy that don) really apply lo the j(lh and almost no hyrlrulnyry capablllliry, TTie hi)dfll has a hi 1w., osit I at hand for the saki of w~eing how R o1ic e h y t 1 $nl despite hidden en,rs, so(I+ue'r lilni- hnr (w Lei )/cloy corn3xrNlle liner al t the the b bur 'urn. l sseioation costs aho can exeur wheri tn'runs. and hardwarr and soft,t to is two of the canyons; an M mil, double tex- r a design is taken will hryund the precision p, n-r, Ix drill design can be ((Brie ur and lured untr gromeinbran , at rhr canyon required by proper standard, sonply ho- ne , 1.1111 nn a c tun teurhyetlon. krc ddr sh,In c; and a Irachale collection. Mor• v:ao v the eompul, riird maim oll~r., s it. rnyun ;ner• r vpG,4, 11 Ili,, capoli t:ur, mgr and tramfer system. A subdrain and Thia is cslryiatly 1111, when de,.gnieq of basic , Ant 1, anir.etre f~arkag,,, 111, (1111 subsurface barrier/ground-water exlrac. landfl's, Many rlc,itin soft x' ,r, p wk,ig, , m r,a,ing e(ti,-ieac;, and adloaed rlakk re- lion al shill controls the wnler-Uhle eleva- J art devr loped , rariouv purl ims sp, o,e to owucrs and nmlruturs I leis lion and pmvddra a selfcontained leak dt` ' tnavy d,sigu appli,,rtioos The pafoi kage, wouldnricthc)ds of 't hart been possible using trade ! tvctionsystcmj genivally ig haze hmilyd nlrplicahit hiwl ig or comput.rna aided and titr fll design. koadH ,r and site deerv. ~i lrt drift n g~,hf t K TO ARD C4S*N KNiWM1 fOl~illrj ~jpr a{,es (ni,',a often marketed ro I,an,ftill d1, th, complex site and the short 1,r sect ACRE 1111 CANYON IANML ON TIM. Ci _ Engv .re ~ M rah IQD: 4~; rlip ,tI 1 5 tea! wi` r ' I + ( ~'e i y r f I I fl s Hi,i,v I of Ihr- in-ii , t ertionlpaserd a{s lit, xim It k I I awls ;mil tilrt i dl.tlnet call) ou I h r. c ' Inclurlr d tboul Ire tc rk s 0, will two cam onuvi r1. quire d i u LP Ilium YA~ i-: 1.s of appruvlnaUly i mullion ku 5d of .Lill `s ~tI nm,t of it Stilt kplle d ill lime e diluent Hrcas~))i``►' for ii sC ii daily cucrr. mme F:ngiuccring, Inc, Omaha, A'cb„ IcLot! its print(, cmt,ultanI f„r lilt. design ~ I and romlruelilon ❑umngenlrut of pha>c 1 : I { and formul;dcd it 4iminar o%vr4ill Silo Im y rtdl,nr rler(,lopment plan t, urll as [Ile drlnilcd J _ de sign for phase '2 All Iggresske k1hcduh. 1 I nu'e>isitlncd the pnpur'Iliun of tier differ cif cuwstruetion packages. Totaling 7! final con,uvctlon dr;exingS, over it I I'IUanlh pc- ! tell, Fur the lounrr It was inq❑ rnkc Thal ti I we cnngllitc phaa 3 nnI lnu boll within i nine nlunlhs.lnn,equendy'• most o(ihe d!'- , Sign and rnnstrueliltn fur [hut pltaw Liw. cuered Co ItuIreit tIy. JSOPACH CONTOUR LINtl SHOW THI Onil of TMI curt AND SILL. THI UIYIS AR[ GIN[RATIO AMR Toe schrdldr and Sill, al>ar dict:nrll srr. I ! oral goals; COAIPARINO Di RRSAtN AIODW Of IKISTINO GROUND AND IKCAYATION. • Develop a number of design allirn,1 kcs, 1% Irli;rrl Ind rxprrirnc'id rAAlt ol+iruttrra galde the grolrchnical inersliga[irn-an despite the cmnphvxily of Ihr Sill,. drlnlonblrlit tltrir true v;Clmc wile it Iit r investigulion Ihal Gould Ir;d to changes in • Ikvelop soil volumes:utd Iwo (till c Ipuci- foruting mp'ni0kc it city 41"[w iol uork Ilit rIl6iina]disigll lice rapidly faromlhl -plotevaltlt'innSuite :n trottund lit ailing null read di ll I,ir;dly, u1. ar(ompli,hed Ihr murtd • 1'roduce grading will layoul iv8mtnaiiun sign. I hr work involvad lu dislgning Il design in Item e Gages, with designu,; Iar• e quickly, due hI ongoing canslrurtiun nrtlvllandlip is mitt hot, rrpl lilt(,(, ❑nr ntrmrt urrrl, funning Vrrlinlirwry genntrtric drslgn I Iythranghoul1hedt,ignpcrlud. L'onsoqut-Jill y, it" difilcult hr rialiar Ihr minimally wilt help from w-orkstaliorlgen. r • Uecelop and Ivtal, 1, a Iln'gr nun her of co,I vol Isilt rd Idrun.t,t,I s dau all rxpori Irodrd Imsu nsgas will cross svc[inny; prU. cross eecl i Lin5 IIlis wits nr(rs,np bet.:last, cncrd e afro uper:n it 6ririgs b) Iho d[alling limin;r'y design diriclly of] compulrrs l of the geou-clinical conditions, will it mwde funclinrt. Also, b°f2 per burn' is oquiculr-nt to based nn ii Rki is design end ;ndomated grucrutipuaesdrutl.d. Ili(- Ili( tl cast of tfdn r two fnlrly rxprri goolvchnlcal iusoPligndntl data; and final 8 Find a gwick and pra(liral uay to upri;do (nerd 6~wnl dr;h,IUCn m limo St orw de, rlcsigll dlreedy on the contpu[rr through the topographic hasr rnap. 11(,cao,c of mil- sigll cnginet r ' oordlnotr gielnilr) G im I,), digilal terrain going con,trlletloll, site- to a'. i It gdly uou'd Ihlring the ph;l.r I Ili sign, enginr. 1.s rnridolillg UlIvI and t nun soft u:ve. change coulinuauslylira lnprd dr;r, tag., Inane:illy, 'q, to Ibr 'Slti la,kslsafnrm(,don compunrsIli- it It p wit rxlea.ivL ncccssi haul road r,Ir'einnple6,11 stupr, Ili, -l c %[,n c:N,raolrs ciuded hu,c nip gcnrralian loud upd;de, sy*Ivtn and major purfilec-older-control input thrill inlo Ihr uuTWiditns. ItInst rxiSling drainiIgr analysis. mul lutcd I chanto Is In Uunc highly itrcgul;lr it irlin. rnanm;Il (It ign work, huwrcir. cutdd limo, t loss srctlnn generation, road and channtl 1 beeu dnnL (lilt elly nn the cnngrulir. S.rviug drsign. druinagr design, vuhnnr annpulaH'Ia tint.; AI In}lvIn,x) tilt, llnm oud rxpin,( of r( Iluing design lions. s[Al itol Bala genorutlon, location of ( Ib6,11.1 y, the Shull srheduli• nlggid ,it(, dl,-ncim,g, rmel IIII'.wing grliek go wratlnu ill' cuts and Iliks pipe ;Ilgimit it infurlnation. Imp" greplq and dlfi ic'till Aral rchlde ill i"n 1dnr.;it any phu.i Ihr Ib"iytn Ia1,r-)f[ e~Hnputali„ns, production of Sun- . { (Ill lolls all hill [VI I Ilide'1 dreelnpmrnl ill '11n rugged sill llgi,glal,11 In:a.li 1111. Ir.ni (1,owill els, sturuge ;rill relricv, l of thi ki(IIIII KIoilt lit, df'lgn with Iradili'm Iamdll!1 ilk [f I[ rrtnb'as"nil, ill tirm, <I( tilt di~ign AW1 ;t, hulk ditto, and Iici,iunS Ind a1 rn;mlal IIlk lh'¢1,. l'lom,( 1(1Itly, wt, di I.tyunl ~md 1,k,iIo I of du ILL(I",rd ulldti 4 6riftrn I ion s d 01 i log c otl sl rutl h) n, cidid In drvvlup Iltr pka,e I design with Galin-' , (soih ;n ngld,, ICg)i , ;toll cltan c , t l n l S o l A w s , Still.Ihr I WI, unrk,lmiun: n e l , l - ti t . ( I t iti,nln' l m a i 7 on a c N t i n slit H t e l i txo . r q I I I I U~n CS Clink iionrd primarily a, drdiltlg Innls. 41'iih Iron. lapin„ full nlliu;lugr td it, rnrtlputing (,inrr;dly.:Jl prnj(rt Foftware In Ifor 'mod ' i)tulle 2, [hr alilt n;It11 wu, quill. di111•I-rill nlnl graph) {,l 'wt I rn;tdt cnngntlrr dull lull mall Ili, I unr nerds, VcNrnhe It ss. OIL, f In,lrarl, lhr luaj"lily of Ihr dl, -Igo wifk rein Ilit,, ,,I ip„lit, {lick of Imdlill design Soll"aic is a sigttifi wit, d„lie nn cnlupull is, 111. 1) d Iltr Joel NI' lilt ill pill rill pi,;iminacy roll di sign Ilnlltlgit,n. %losl carlltwork e'1langt lon,rver;Il fBilit' r 1.l Igo Ill mi ilk. I:Ilk I'Li'l rrtlry is In, ill p n 1. igr. on tilt moIkcI noel hlglreay de- 1 Jlu. t ,ill of oil. 1 61lg a t it 1' w, 1k•hr (,trill bc,ml r -,rly d',igo i. mtcdh rha.li slgn appliraren, 'I he patk,Iy,e, are dl, [it'll, iIll'Iurla+g Ibe (list I,f loprl".der lhnr, is rally 1willfitd nI rhangrd (,morphlily, l nrr sign' tl uilh Ihr a„nrtlptioo- valid in most 1 uppruxinunl.ly S'I,' pro hour, VShrn lob rrly thtrnrirr, III tills r;rr. ILe tar;inlin;try tall,-11rIt moll, the nilguotrule err Sit,' drufling.llri,till 1,diff,till tnjll.tlly. High Ilk whiz, Illu,lr:dtrl di,Igll r„!'11-111, hl IIll rill and fill shpts are dUCrminrd by I the road cross section The reverse oc- Lack of speed and available memory . Pro. complete a pa'la;de 311 in. by 42 in. sheep Burred with flee Canyon landfill We deter. ect hardware consisted of Iwo 811386hased with hale to pograph and coordinate grid. mined cut-and-fill side slopes based on rAAb workstations configured with dual Worse, no operator had to monitor the plot canyon slope stability . Once the side slopes monitor. 71)1I11 hard drives and 12 in digi- j ter because pen points would dry, resulting were designed, all roads and channels had tizer tablets. Both workstations ran corm in lost plot data Iluring the peak of the to conform to the side slopes. Similarly, MI software. Several office c.ataw stations prujecl, dtrsigncrs had to replol updated most earthwork software packages perform served as backup, drawing sequenecs as often as No to three volume computations based on vertical Current versions of both cwb and oim times per week. 'Ihey spent almost as cross sections, But in landfill design, it's software allow for almost unlimited file I much time plolling as drafting. With access more practical to compule volumes based size. But we found that workstation pcrfor. i to an electrostatic plotter, plot time was rem un horizontal slices. manse degenerated rapidly wficn operating I duced SG-Wlf, We produced the geometric design on models with more than IO,DW vertices. In retrospect, we feel that the design-on. and construction drawings with a combi- For example, a volume calculation between computer approach chosen for phase 2 was li nation of bTa, Coco, slope stability and two models in the range of 8,600 points a sound decision We can draw several con- hydrology/hydraulic software packages. each processed in under an hour. When elusions front this project's completion: The ItTM allowed us to create a triangulal- ore model grew to 12,000 points, process s Ihrsign rather than drafting Is the most ed model that approximated the design ing time Increased to more than 4 hours. eosteffeelive use of cwv stations in landfill surface.lnstead of defining surfaces by in- To hold riles to a practical size, we design I terpolating between cross sections tied to established a network of base models to I Integrated, landfill design -sfxcifir, work- f a defined alignment, L,TSts define them cover the site. We developed algorithms to station-based software packages are still with triangular planes connecting all avail- cut and paste base models quickly and to needed for more effective use of computers able spatial data within the model limits. prueide proper coverage for any area under in landfill design. These data can be in the form of profiles consideration. We generated a new series s Design engineers (not only technicians) and cross sections, three-dimensional con- of base models as design-phase limits need to become proficient in the use of tours, breaklines that derive topographic changed, or when designers received new software and hardware. features, spot elevations or a combination topographical information from ground sur- e When more than ore workstation is dedi- ! of all, veys, It became difficult to track the many cared to a single project, all machines These models allow for the isolation of generations of models and drawing files should be networked to a server for proper irregularly shaped areas that would be ex- produced throughout the design period, file management. tremely difficult to define by alignment and By the project's midpoint, it was obvl- a An electrostatic plotter or other rapid section methods. They can define multiple ous that we needed to network all project way to plot drawings maximizes the advan- surfaces within the same area (such as lay- workstations with a dedicated server for tages of a workstation. A slow plotter in- f ers of varying soil types), geologic forma- proper rile management. As it was, two to creases cost significantly because it keeps dons and stockpiled material atop an origi- three operators worked on different as. hardware and personnel nonproductive, Dal surface, among others. By projecting peels of the same drawing using the same • Designing on cmnputers increased per- the facets forming each model one on the base model at the same time. This meant a sonnel productivity and efficirney For ex- other, triangular prisms with planar ends constant shuffling of data files between ample, adesign engineer can produce good are formed. Calculating and adding the workstations to ensure that each dcigner quality working drawings easily. A drafter volumes of these prisms gives a more accu- had current data. is not necessary. rate measure of surface volumes than tradi• Also, the workstation's 7USIFf hard Finally, we overrate that phase 2 design j tional average end area methods, drives quickly reached capacity. Designers costs were 85% of what it would have cost I Although we thought personnel would had to remove old data as they added new to Y Perform the design usiog manual meth- need extensive training with the bl%: pack. data, regardless of whether the information (ids. Prorated hardware, software and com. age, this was not the case, At the beginning was needed for reference that day or not. pater maintenance costs amounl to l(A of of phase 2, the project (earn Included a de- (luring the lal(er stages of design, design- the total phase 2 design fee Thin is consid- sign engineer experienced In (tn( and a sr ere spent an estimated 1.5-200k of their time rred a reasonable cost considering the 15% Dior Ubo technician with no bra expert on ride management, including the recover savings. We achieved additional savings j ence. The technician became proficient ing or rebuilding of lost data. through reduced engineer rig costa during I within two months. Plotting problems bottlcmecked qukk construction (including design, revisions' Take care, however, when choosing data communication among clients and de- I and modificallons), Obviously, the invest- staff for trim assignment and training 11im signers. In the early stages o[ Ilse projcu t meal in the time m learn workstation data and landfill design work in general ree,oire we plotted with an eight-pen plotter capable f formal requirements and mechanisms for specific aptitudes. The lack of structure of F: size cut sheet or roll-stuck plots. We manipulating data is one of the soundest a r and standardization, concurrent use of mu[- inter swichvd to a 4011 dots p •r inch oleo- designer orcom nn can t hple software packages, and Tess-then-us trosmtic plotter and a laser printer. A 30 in U Y n akr. er-friendly training manuals contribute to by 48 in. digitizing table allowed us to input Juan C•. Vargas is national fechnfral director the difficulty that some technicians face. the manually developed conceptual draw. her lanQfillr and Darid k. P rtzr is a rfeiI Hardware, perhaps more than the soft. ings into the ctino system, rngiam spreialoiing in lan1611 drsign al ware, limited the prajecl, primarily due to Me eight-pen plotter took 45.60 min to nnxf-nfinerring, /me., ballast. f BEYOND THE TIPPING FEE Financing Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems David W. Birks Project Manager HDR Engineering, Inc. Omaha, Nebraska Contributing Authors Mary K. Wees, A.E. Senior Vice President HDR Engineering, Inc. Philip M. Chen, P.E. Managing Director Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. Presented to Solid Wasle Recycling and Energy Conference Sponsored by Texas Engineering Extension Senice Governor's Energy Management Center Solid Waste & Power Mag.uine Texas Department or Heaith Sheraton Gunter Hotel San Antonio, Texas May 9, 1991 TABLE OF COaN I'F.KTS Page No• BUILDING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 1 Waste Priorities I Where Do We Stand 1 Public Resistance 1 Pursuing the Ideal 2 Complementary Options. 1 FINANCING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS... 4 Project Financing . 4 System Financing 5 Tax Exempt Financing 5 Availability of Tax Exempt Financing 6 Eligibility 6 Different Types of Tax Exempt Issues 7 Taxable Financing 8 Financing Taxable Projects 9 Issuance Costs 10 Financing Nonqualifying Cots 10 Equity Financing 11 Refundings 11 Reserve Funds 11 ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY REPORT 11 Technical Considerations 12 Evaluation of the Technology 12 Construction and Testing 13 Changes in Law 13 Operation Performance 13 Conclusions 14 Waste Supply 15 Solid Waste Quantity 15 Waste Control Mechanisms 16 Competing Facilities 16 Conclusions 17 Economic Analysis 17 Construction Expenses 17 Operating Expenses 17 Operating Revenues 18 Sensitivity Analyses 18 Conclusions 19 Summary 19 11DR Eapneedq Printed on R"Ied Paper •j- May 9. 1991 BUILDING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MNAGEl1IEfv"I' SYSTEMS The challenge of processing and disposing of municipal solid waste in the United States has reached crisis proportions. The 1990s finds nearly every community in North America at a critical juncture in managing its solid wastes. Federal, state and local policies almost universally put landfill disposal at the bottom of solid waste management priorities. The priorities of the overwhelming majority of proposed solid waste management systems put maximum recovery (whether of materials or energy) at the top of the list, and minimum landfill disposal at the bottom. Waste Priorities At the federal level, waste management priorities are well defined: to reduce waste by reusing discarded items, by composting yard waste, by engaging in waste exchanges, and by changing the manner in which consumer products are packaged; to encourage recycling, especially the recycling of those items for which there are ready markets--newspaper, aluminum cans, cardboard, glass (separated by color), ferrous and other metals and a handful of plastics; to recover energy from those parts of the municipal waste stream which are not reusable or recyclable but are combustible (another waste •reduction/recycling technique).- and to deposit in landfills the remaining waste residue, that portion which is not reusable, recyclable or combustible. This includes ash from waste incinerators, unless already handled by the first two priorities, since incinerator ash can be reused as aggregate material for certain applications. Where Do We Stank Indeed, an institutionalized national policy supporting the use of this solid waste management hierarchy has been in affect for more than two decades. However, as elected officials and professional solid waste managers, we are still overwhelmed by the ever increasing amount of solid waste that must be removed from the curb every day. Implementation of integrated solid waste management systems remain difficult at the local level. As a result, SO percent of the nation's solid waste is still landfilled, with only 10 percent recycled and 10 percent combusted. EPA's Agenda for Action calls for a 1992 goal of 25 percent recycled, 20 percent combusted and SS percent landfilled. But at the current implementation rate for materials recovery processing, waste-to-energy facilities, and the rapid closure of more and more landfills, we are not closing the gap between the generation of garbage and our capacity to handle it. Public Resistance No one wants to stash anyone else's trash in their backyard, or recycle it in their backyard, or bury it in their backyard, or, most of all, burn it in their backyard. It's the "not in my FtDR Doneerinr Pnnred an R"kd Paper 1. N1 my 9, 1991 backyard" (NIMBY) syndrome. Unfortunately, it just doesn't work that way. Today, every place is somebody's backyard. And the NIMBI' syndrome represents just one of many trouble,:yme public perceptions. There's also the perception that local solid waste managers are giving disproportionate attention to solid waste combustion to the detriment of materials recovery or recycling And, there's the perception, encouraged by a tiny but highly vocal minority, that we could recycle virtually all waste, or at least enough to make solid waste combustion unnecessary, if only we would try hard enough. Neither perception has much validity. But we still have to deal with those perceptions. We try to explain. We define resource recovery as both materials and energy recovery, because we regard both the materials and the energy in our waste streams as natural resources worthy of wise management. And, resource recovery is the only mechanism that can move us along the gradient in the processing continuum illustrated in Figure 1--from the status quo, in which we are predominantly landfill dependent, towards the other end of the spectrum, which approaches the ideal of landfill independence. Pursuing the Ideal In the status quo, somewhere between five and 20 percent of our waste is recycled. The rest goes to the landfill. Given that status quo, a community with a population of 500,000 that produces 2,UOO tons of trash each day, will require a 240-acre landfill, or 28 million cubic yards of disposal space, by the year 2010. However, approximately half of that trash is potentially recyclable. Reclaiming and recycling 80 percent of that, a significam accomplishment, would effectively handle 40 percent 'If the Lill total waste stream. And, accomplishing that may be decades away. Still, it would leave us heavily dependent on the landfill, and a significant quantity of the materials hearted to the landfill still would be biodegradable. And while biodegradable is good for composting, when it comes to landfilling, it is not necessarily a good thing. Waste that degrades biologically in a landfill produces methane gas, which can pollute the air or accumulate to explosive levels. It also produces leachate, which has the potential of polluting surface and groundwater resources. But the same community, by recycling 25 to 40 percent of its trash and incinerating whatever is left that is combustible, would then need only enough landfill capacity for its noncombustible wastes and its incineration ash, which is biologically inert. The required landfill is reduced, then, to approximately 50 acres, or 5 million cubic yards. ttDR Enpneenq Printed on R"Ld Paper -2- May 9, 091 Reserved for Figure I I IIDR EAOnec ring Printed on R"Ied Prper .3. May 9, 1991 Complementary options What's the moral? Recycling and solid waste combustion are compatible techniques which solid waste managers can use in tandem to reduce their dependence on landfills. In fact, they're more than compatible; they're complementary. Communities need to develop solid waste management programs that recognize that their choices are not eitber/or propositions. The choice is not "recycle or burn." Nor is it "burn or bury." The only option is to strike a balance between all four legs of the solid-waste-management chair: waste reduction, recycling, solid waste combustion and landfill disposal. Every program will be unique. Every "chair" has to serve a unique location. But each "leg" of every chair must be present for the chair to function properly. We're going to have to bury something regardless. Landfills are here to stay. The question is, shall we bury raw garbage which will decay and produce leachaie and methane, or shall we bury ash that is biologically inert and chemically manageable? FINANCING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Increasingly, communities are finding that waste disposal is not solved by merely finding landfill capacity or by ignoring the problem. As the cost of waste disposal increases with diminishing disposal options, more and more communities will find that a greater portion of their budget will be taken by the costs of waste disposal. This will result in an increased sensitivity on the part of potential lenders in assessing the capability of community leaders to cope with municipal problems. This, in turn, can have an effect on the ability of affected communities to raise capital for other infrastructure needs. At present, solid waste projects are financed in a variety of ways. At one end of the spectrum, the project can be municipally owned and financed with either ge eral obligation or tax-exempt revenue debt. At the opposite end of the spectrum the project could be financed entirely from a private sponsor's equity. Between these two extremes, the combination of equity and debt is largely a factor of ownership and municipal requirements. Other factors including the sponsor's creditworthiness, project economics, sponsor's preference in financing, availability of tax benefits and availability of state private activity bond volume cap will enter into that decision making. PMlect Financing The typical solid waste management facility is financed on a non-recourse or limited recourse project finance basis, wherein the cash flow and net worth of Project Sponsors are not pledged to the repayment of debt. Consequently, the repayment of debt is dependent solely upon revenues generated from the Project--tipping fees, electricity sales, or recovered material sales. In a project financing, the now of revenues may be established contractually with municipalities delivering waste to the Project and/or the Project Sponsor. The contracts with the municipalities would be of a put or pay nature and would require the municipalities HDR Enpneenni Printed on R"sed Paper .a. Flay 9. 1991 to deliver a minimum amount of waste or recycled materials, or pay damages for failure to do so. The municipalities must be willing to enter into contracts to guarantee on a pro rata basis a flow of waste and revenues to the facility to cover operating costs and debt service. If they are not willing to do so, the Project Sponsor may be required to step in and provide guarantees of funding from other sources (e.g. nonadvalorum taxes, special assessments) to 1 make up the difference. System Financing A Project Sponsor managing an integrated solid waste management system assumes 1{ responsibility for several waste management activities in its service area. The Sponsor's waste disposal system could include all landfill, transfer, recycling, composting and j combustion activities. Transfer activities would include hauling any waste not disposed within the service area to out-of-region disposal sites on an interim or permanent basis. The Sponsor would establish rates to generate sufficient revenues to cover the cost of operating all the elements of the system including recycling, transfer, landfilling, composting and, ultimately, energy recovery. The system revenues would, in turn, be pledged to bondholders to pay debt service on bonds issued to finance all the elements of the system. As in a project financing, the Sponsor would covenant to set rates at a level sufficient to cover system operating costs, debt service on all bonds issued to finance the system and cash reserve requirements. Revenues for a system financing could be generated through one or a combination of several options. These options include tipping fees establish^d pursuant to put or pay contracts with the municipalities or the Sponsor, tipping fees without put or pay contracts and annual residential and commercial disposal assessments. The municipal bond rating agencies may require that the Sponsor consider municipal put or pay contracts or annual residential disposal assessments as a fundamental component of the financing of the System. The Sponsor would continue to generate revenues and provide disposal services if the System were not in operation on an interim or permanent basis for any reason. Waste would be disposed in Sponsor owned landfills or transferred to landfills outside the Sponsor's service area. Tax.Exemot Financing Tax-exempt financing is generally available for a substantial portion of the cost of resource recovery projects. For munic inally sponsored projects, financing can be accomplished using various tar-exempt options depending upon the character of the municipal sponsor. For example, if the municipal sponsor is an electric system, all of the costs of the facility may be financed as electric revenue bonds. For private project sponsors, the Internal Revenue Code provides, among othe- exemptions, that solid waste disposal facilities are eligible for tax-exempt financing as tax-exempt private activity bonds ("PABs"). However, recent legislation has affected the availability of PAB financing for resource recovery facilities. The advantages of tax-exempt fit -sing are the relatively lower interest rate and, in most cases, rrbR I;npnetring Printed em Regrkd Paper .5. \Lr 9, 1 991 i longer debt maturities. As a consequence, the financing costs of the project can be lowered, thereby improving project economics. Eligibility The availability of tax-exempt financing is limited to equipment used for the disposal of solid waste. The Internal Revenue Service has held that in order for the solid waste exemption to the PAB law to apply, the solid waste must be "valueless." Once solid waste is changed into something of value, then further use of tax-exempt financing is prohibited. In the context of resource recovery facilities, this point is reached once the solid waste has been burned to produce steam. Therefore, while a significant portion of the incinerator/boiler is financeable by tax-exempt funds, the steam distribution and electric generating equipment are generally not. Consequently, the typical resource recovery facility is financed with both tax-exempt and taxable funds. The exception to this rule is where the "back half' of the project, i.e., the energy user, is a tax-exempt entity. For example, if all the electricity is generated as part of a municipal electric system, then all of the financing may be raised by tax-exempt means, since debt for municipal electric systems is an allowable tax-exempt financing. Availability of Tax-Exempt Financing Because of the state volume cap on privately owned solid waste management projects imposed by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (the "Act"), Project Sponsors should assess their tax-exempt financing needs as quickly as possible and seek appropriate carry forward of state volume caps. Waste-to-energy projects are particularly sensitive because of large capital requirements. Resource recovery projects can benefit from up to three years of carry forward of unused volume cap if the project is so designated by appropriate authority. By combining state and local carry forward, along with current allocations, municipalities might still be able to fund these projects with taut-exempt bonds without having to worry about the drastic limitation of the state volume cap. This, however, requires planning and careful scheduling at early stages of the project. Municipally owned waste-to-energy projects are specifically exempted from the volume cap limitations under the Act. Because of this, municipalities should carefully examine the ownership alternative. Under the Act, a municipally owned waste-to-energy facility can avoid the cap even if it has a long-term contract with a private operator, The "Safe Harbor" ru'e that applies to the contract merely requires that (1) the private operator or lessee must make an irrevocable election to not seek investment tax credit or depreciation for the project, (2) the term of the contract mu,,t not exceed 20 years, and (3) the operator or lessee may not purchase the facility at the end of the contract term for anything except fair market value, Since the safe harbor rules do not limit the terms of such contracts, we believe that a municipal owner can structure a operating contract providing both risk allocation and incentives with a private operator. The Safe harbor rule only applies with respect to whether a project must seek bond cap allocations. The rule does not apply for any other reason. 11DR Enpneenni; Pnnied on Recycled Papa -6- May 9. 1971 Different forms of tax-exempt financings may be structured, depending upon the credit and revenue history of the project sponsor. As discussed previously, in the case of facilities financed on a non-recourse project financing basis, third party credit support or credit enhancement probably will be required. Different Types of Tax-Exempt Issues Resource recovery facilities may be built by private or municipal Sponsors. For privately sponsored projects, the proceeds of PABs will be used to finance the portion of the project costs. The municipal issuer may be merely a financing with no direct _ financing obligation with respect to the PABs. In regard to project financings of resource recovery facilities, the tax-exempt financing options may be limited, depending upon the revenue history of the Sponsor, in the case of municipal sponsorship, or the commitment of Oe Sponsor, in the case of private sponsorship. Long•Term Bonds: Long-term bonds generally mature in 20 to 30 years. A long-term municipal bond offers the Project Sponsor a fixed interest rate over the life of the project. These aspects of long-term bonds encourage Project Sponsors of resource recovery facilities to use such financing, In addition, for limited and non-recourse financings of privately sponsored projects, outside equity participants and lenders may re quire the issuance of long- term debt in order to lock in financing costs. Generally, tax-exempt bonds are repaid with level annual debt service (i.e., the principal of an interest on the bonds are repaid in equal annual installments in a similar fashion to home mortgage payments. Other Types of Tax-Exempt Debt: Recent volatility and relatively high levels of interest rates on long-term tax-exempt obligations has led to the development of short-term tax- exempt alternatives. Short-term tax-exempt alternatives present opportunities for taking advantages of substantially lower interest rates, particularly during the construction period. Generally speaking, however, short-term tax-exempt alternatives are only available if long- term bonds are intended to be the ultimate debt. If short-term altematives are available, a project sponsor may be able effectively to lower its interest cost daring construction and provide additional flexibility with respect to the issuance of long-term bonds, thereby providing the possible opportunity to finance long-term a reduced interest rate. In the event that long-term interest rates do not decline in the future, the Project Sponsor will still have benefitted from reduced interest costs during construction which would, in fact, justify the issuance of long-term bonds in the future at a higher "breakeven" rate. BANS: Traditionally, Bond Anticipation Notes (BANS) are notes issued by a tax-exempt issuer in anticipation of the issuance of long-term bonds. Because BANq are a short maturity obligation, the interest rate is typically lower than that for a long-term issue. 11DR finoneerinl Printed on R"kd Piper .7- MAY 9, 1991 F/FRBs: In certain cases, financings combining both long and short-term characteristics may be applicable to project financings of resource recovery facilities. These alternatives include floating/fixed rate bonds ("F/FRBs"), an instrument which "floats" for a specified period and then at the initiation of the Project Sponsor "Fixes" for the remaining life of the bonds. During the floating period, the Project Sponsor would benefit from short-term 1 interest rates (about 1/4 percent to 1 percent above TECP rates). Generall~, the mechanism for "fixing" the rate is pegged to an index chosen by the Project Sponsor, hicN reflects the "optimum" level of fixed rates expected by the Sponsor. F/FRBs alway,. - some form of third party liquidity support, i.e., commercial bank facilities, d •:ing the floating rate period. Certain projects may also required third party credit ,ur;,,ort. The advantage of F/FRBs over other instruments is that F/FRBs are long-terns o,:nds, w'++rI: reduce the risk that the obligations cannot be refinanced at maturity. R o eve-, t'ie legislative risk that changes '.s Federal law prior to the point long-term rates are fixed may void such finaslcings is still a possibility that must be addressed. A/FRBs: Another combined long-term, short-term financing technique is the adjustable/fixed rate bond ("A/FRBs"). A/FRBs are long-term bonds which bear a fixed rate of interest for a defined period (usually 1, 3 or 5 yer.rs) with a new interest rate to be established at the conclusion of each period based upon the interest rates prevailing in the market for securities with comparable ratings and maturities. In effect, 30-year A/FRBs could be structured as a series of shorter term maturities, for example 10 periods of 3 years each. The project sponsor using this form of financing takes the risk that the short-term interest rate (for example, the interest rate on 3-year BANS) would not exceed the long-term rate prevailing at the time the A/FRBs are initially issued. A/FRBs, like F/FRBs, have mechanisms for "faring" the rate if long-term rates become favorable. However, like F/FRBs, A/FRBs also suffer from legislative risk at the point the long-term rate fixed. M6113s: The recent volatility in interest rates gives rise to concerns about committing to a long-term interest rate at today's levels or, conversely, taking the risk that short-term rates may rise dramatically thereby committing issuers to even higher fixed term rates in the future. Prudent financial managers often wish to mix their debt portfolio maturities as a means of avoiding both extremes of the yield curve. In the past it was difficult to issue securities for startup entities (i.e., resource recovery projects) in parts so that some could be in fixed rates and some could be in variable rates. This stemmed from a reluct?nce !,1 tap capital markets more than once until an entity acquired an operating history. By issuing multiple maturity bonds ("bINIU) wherein several series within one bond issue can have varying maturities (and, hence, interest rates), the financial manager of a startup resource recovery enterprise can "mix" his maturities aw a means for balancing his debt portfolio. Taxable FinMI 1Z Taxable Industrial Development Bonds ("I'IDBs") have gained considerable interest in recent months as the magnitude of the proposed changes contained In the Act is appreciated. Although certain states do not, as yet, permit TIM, the majority do. 11Da Enpnen ar Printed on Recycled Paper Miy 9, 1 'AI As far as the waste-to-energy market is concerned. 71DBs present opportunities for financing certain projects in part or in their entirety. The following applications exist: (1) Financing of projects on a wholly taxable basis. (2) Financing of issuance costs where the two percent limitation is exceeded. (3) Financing of nonqualifying portions of projects by municipal owners, i - , (4) Financing of "equity" contributions by private owners. ' (5) Financing extra costs incurred during current refundings of previously issued debt. (6) Financing reserve funds in excess of ten percent, Financing Taxable Projects Certain solid waste management projects may benefit from avoiding tax-exempt financing altogether. In these cases, the project economics may be driven by depreciation iavings using the double declining balance method switching to the straight line method at a time to maximize the depreciation allowance. Under the Act, the aforementioned scenario is permitted when equipment is financed with non-tax-exempt debt, For equipment financed with tax-exempt debt, the depreciation method is straight line over the applicublc class. The Private Sponsor wishing to finance a solid waste management project using a combination of equity or debt will be attracted to TIM because: (1) "All equity" projects place too heavy a burden on the private firm's capital, (2) Debt placed through traditional sources (banks, corporate bonds) may be of insufficient maturity, (3) Debt placed directly by the Private Sponsor may strain his debt to equity ratio, (4) To the extent appropriate investments ca,. e found, positive arbitrage would be permitted on proceeds from TIM, and (5) 77DBs preserves the concept of a "public/private" partnership that shares risk between municipal users and private sponsors. The TIDB alternative is particularly attractive during those periods when the yield on taxable debt is relatively close to the yield on comparable tax-exempt debt. t;pa Cnrn«~,ns Mined on Recycled Paper -9. May 9. 1941 Issuance Costs Where PABs are concerned, the Act limits all issuance costs financed by tax-exempt bonds to two percent of the issue. This creates a constraint on the marketability of such bonds as the expectations of the bond markets are unlikely to change. T1DBs can provide the funds needed to issue the bonds in excess of two percent. Items that could be covered by the proceeds of 71DBs include; - 1, underwTiters' discount, 2. all counsel fees (Bond, Underwriters, etc.), 3. financial advisors' fees, 4, rating agency fees, 5. trustee fees, b. paying agent and authenticating agent fees, 7, accountant fees, I 8. printing costs, I 41 costs of public approval (referendums, etc.) and 10. engineering and feasibility costs. J The two percent rule, unless a project is specifically exempted, would apply even if the project were transitioned for other things such as investment tax credit or accelerated cost { recovery depreciation. Financing Nonqualifying Costs The Act limited the financing of nonqualifying costs for private activity bonds to five percent of the principal amount of the tax-exempt bonds. Municipalities considering ownership of solid waste management projects as a means to avail themselves of the exemption on state volume caps will need to consider this option where the 10 percent "Trade or Business Use Test and the Security Interest Test" or the S15 million output facilities test is exceeded. In this situation, the municipal issuer is in the position of a Private Sponsor and will be subject to the five percent limitation on tax-exempt financing of nonqualifying equipment. In waste-to-energy projects, this scenario arises when the energy produced in the facility is r sold to a non-tax-exempt buyer such as an investor-owned electric utility. NDR Cnpneeriq Primed ca A"kd Paper 10- Mdy 9. 1991 { Equity Financing If the leveraged lease market for waste-to-energy projects shrinks as a result of diminished tax benefits from such plants, then private sponsors with little appetite for such benefits may seek the use of TIDBs for their equity contribution as an alternative to either their own equity or third party equity, In such cases, the credit behind the TIDB would be that of the Private Sponsor rather than the municipality or project revenues, Refundings Under the Act, current reftmdings are permitted as long as the principal of the refunding bonds does not exceed the principal of the refunded bond and the maturity date of the refunding bond does not go past the expiration of 120 percent of the reasonably expected economic life of the bond financed property. Certain tenefits accrue by way of current refundings. Among them is the ex=ption from having to seek new volume caps for the refunding bonds. Obviously, the bonds will still require issuance costs as enumerated earlier. These costs would be candidates for funding with TIDBs. Reserve Funds The Act limits the size of reasonably required reserve and replacement funds to ten percent of the issue size. Where indenture requirements and/or market requirements dictate i reserve fund exceeding ten percent, TIDBs may be issued for the difference, However, because of current interpretations of tar law, as modified by the Act, investment earnings on the proceeds of TTDBs used to fund reserve funds apparently will be subject to the rebate regulation of the Act as non permitted arbitrage earnings. ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY REPORT Annther Important aspect in the financing of solid waste management systems is the preparation of an engineering feasibility report by a nationally recognized, independent consulting engineering firm. The feasibility report is used in marketing the bonds. It is reviewed by rating agencies, bond insurers, and/or other credit organizations in assessing the technical and economic feasibility of a project. The feasibility report primarily focuses on three key project elements; • Technological risk and exposure during construction and operation; • Adequacy and control of the waste and/or material supply; and • Economic feasibility. The feasibility report should present positive conclusions regarding the project, while ' providing a full and fair disclosure of significant project features. Nb0. ►npneerled ►dnled on R"kd F4per .11- Mq 9, 174 Technical Considerations The three primary areas investigated as technical comIderations are evaluation of the technology, construction and testing, and operational performance. At the time the feasibility report is undertaken, only general project specifications will typically be available for review by the independent engineer. In lieu of detailed design, the independent engineer must rely on the experience of similar operating plants and the general design criteria. In addition, any conclusions relating to technical aspects are conditioned upon the contractor's using good engineering practices and generally accepted standards applicable to similar-type facilities during project design, construction and operation. Evaluation or the Technology To evaluate the technology, the independent engineer assesses the commercial operating experience of the proposed equipment and any deviation in the proposed design criteria. The following specific elements may be evaluated; • The number of individual material processing lines or combustion units using the proposed technology and the actual duration of commercial operation; • Scale-up of proposed equipment from demonstrated designs; • Operating performance records (e.g., plant or equipment availability, product quality); • Significant operating problems; and • Innovations in design. The role of the independent engineer is to evaluate such technical aspects and to arrive at a conclusion that the facility will perform as proposed by the contractor, given the limited design information and historic experience. Waste-to-energy facilities financed in the past five years have generally used technologies (primarily mass burn) which have long operating records in Europe or which combine solid waste processing equipment demonstrated on an individual basis into processing lines for producing refuse-derived hie]. In the future, however, financing may see an increasing number of technologies that nave limited operating experience. This would include mass-burn systems developed in the U.S., particularly in smaller combustion unit size ranges; innovative waste processing systems to recover items such as plastics in the waste stream; various composting technologies-, and emerging technologies such as fluidized bed incineration, which has been used on a wide range of solid fuels but not been particularly successful on a commercial operating basis in the U.S. In addition to new tee mologies, design modifications will become more prevalent in U.S. facilities, especially in the area of increasing the temperature and pressure in mass- burn unite. The evolution of the waste-to•energy industry in the U.S. will tend to increase rather than diminish the independent engineers technical investigations as more plants become operational, IIDR £npneerog Pnnted on R"Iti Piper -12- tdey p :9 s1 Construction and Testing The primary considerations reviewed by the independent engineer in regard to construction and testing include the following: • Technical capabilities of the design engineer, contractor, and major subcontractors; • Adequacy of the construction schedule, including startup; • Contractual conditions affecting construction (e.g., allowances for delays, change orders); • Provisions for plant acceptance testing and certification; • Adequacy of the site (e.g., space for construction, equipment layout, utilities access); and • Status of required permits. In addition to evaluating technical aspects, the independent engineer must be cognizant of construction conditions imposed by contractual arrangements. It is important for the independent engineer to understand the deal structure of the project, The Independent engineer cai offer a different perspective than can the legal counsel, particularly on issues such as acceptance standards and testing protocol. The project may develop more expeditiously when the independent engineer assumes a review role during contractual negotiations. The independent engineering firm should also review the type of documentation or certifications required pursuant to the financing documents to determine its ability to make such certifications. Changes In Law Solid waste management regulations have been receiving continuing national attention, Congress, EPA and various states have proposed a variety of legislative and regulatory actlons concerning solid waste management from recycling and composting through combustion and landfilling. These activities pose potential impacts on the solid waste management system. Because of the pending nature of proposed legislative and regulatory activities, the independent engineer cannot ascertain the impacts on the system of future changes at the time of financing. Pending activities and possible impacts on the System should be discussed. Operation Performance While ass:ssing the overall project feasibility, the independent engineer must also assess the capability of the project, as envisioned at the time of financing, to perform as anticipated during the term of the financing period. Particular items evaluated include r'te following: noa Donterlnit Prlnred on rtr.ryckd Paper ] MAY 9, 1091 I I • Capability of the plant to process solid waste and/or recyclable materials in specified quantities; • Product and/or energy production quantity, quality, and sales conditions; • Adequacy of the operations and maintenance plan and plant staffing; • Operator experience; • Ability to comply with permit conditions; and • Provision for residue disposal. The independent engineering firm cannot predict the future operating capacity of a plant. However, it can evaluate whether the planned operating conditions are reasonable and adhere to generally acceptable engineering practices. As discussed above, another important function of the independent engineer is to review contractual arrangements for project operations and product sales. The independent engineer has an obligation to disclose technical aspects which could affect the planned operations. Conclusions As a result of tha technical evaluation, the independent engineer will reach certain conclusions regarding the project. The following represent the essence of the feasibility analysis: L The project technology is a sound and proven method of solid waste disposal and/or material recovery. 2. The contractor has the technical capabilities to design and construct the project as stated in th, project specifications. 3. The anticipated performance levels (throughput, product quality, environmental emissio-As, etc.) are consistent with the design criteria and with historically demorstrated operating levels at similar facilities. 4. The project site is a good location, with adequate space, access and utilities available. S. All permits have been received. 6. The construction schedule is reasonable and achievable. 7. The staffing, maintenance, and operations plan is reasonable and consistent with generally acceptable practices. 8. The project is expected to have a useful life at 'east as long as the financing period. IInR Cndneedng Prinled on Recycled Tepee .14. Mer 9, 1991 I Waste Suoniv The independent engineer's objective is to assess the adequacy of the wane supply in the project's anticipated service area and the availability of the waste supply for delivery to the project. The primary areas of evaluation are solid waste quantity, waste control mechanisms, and competing facilities. Solid Waste Quantity The basic steps in evaluating waste supply adequacy are as follows- Assessing the economic base of the service arza; • Determining the current quantity of solid waste generated in the service area; • Determining the current waste utilization (i.e. recycling and composting aclMlies); • Yrojeming the anticipated amount of solid waste available during the financing period; and ` • Reviewing the solid waste composition. The independent engineer generally relies on local planning agencies to provide information relating to the economic base of the service area. Typically, population and employment histories and trends are reviewed, The objective is to assess whetN.-r the service area is a stable, growing. or declining community, as this would directly impact long-term solid waste production. i Determining the amount of solid waste generated in a service area Is not always an easy task. The most reliable method is to evaluate scale weight records at area landfills or recycling centers. However, not all facilities have scales to weigh the solid waste delivered, and not all waste generated in a service area is disposed of at known locations within the service area. This latter phenomenon is commonly referred to as waste leakage. Furthermore, records relating to the appropriateness of the type of waste (e.g., recycled materials, compostable materials, demolition materials, sludges) are not always available. Therefore, the independent engineer must rely, in part, on his experience in determining waste supply adequacy. Typically, solid waste will be estimated based on unit generation rates per capita and/or per employee. In lieu of accurate disposal records, such rates can be compared to rates determined In similar communities in order to assess their reasonableness. Future solid waste generation can then be projected by using unit waste generation rates and appropriate information concerning economic planning. In addition to evaluating the amount of solid waste available, it is necessary to review potential changes in solid waste composition. The major consideration is the impact of planned source separation or legislated waste reduction programs (i.e, bottle bills). 'rho 11DIt rrpneeeing Pn•.ed on Reryeled Peper 15• Mey 9, 1 991 r independent engineer cannot accurately predict the future impact of such events. However, it is important to disclose the effect that changes in the quantity of certain materials (e.g., glass, paper, aluminum) in the waste stream would have on the proposed project. Existing material recovery programs need to be identified. Re ycled and composted quantities not only affect waste composition but alter seasonal waste generation peaks and reduce the overall quantity of material to be managed by the system. Waste Control Mechanisms Ascertaining that adequate quantities of waste are generated in the service area does not automatically lead to the conclusions that the waste generated will be delivered to the project. Except in situations in which there are no other disposal alternatives, as discussed below, the availability of solid waste to be delivered to the project is generally demonstrated by three means: • Contractual arrangements; • Flow control legislation; and • Economir incentives. A long-term put-or-pay obligation from a community collecting solid waste is the strongest contractual commitment in assuring waste supply. Contracts with private haulers are generally short term due to the volatile nature of private collection contracts. In addition to reviewing the conditions associated with contractual obligations, the independent engineer must assess the waste suppliers' ability to control the delivery of sufficient waste to meet their obligations. The independent engineer will not opine on the legality or enforceability of flow control legislation. However, an assessment can be made of the community's historic record regarding the enforcement of such legislation. Typically, economic incentives are designed to supplement contractual commitments and legislation. A project which is selected for use on a cost-competitive basis Is more favorably viewed in assessing economic feasibility. Economic attractiveness is expected to play an increasingly important role in privately developed solid waste management projects where only a portion of the project's capacity is contractually committed. Competing Facilities Typically, there will be more than one disposal option available in a service area. The independent engineer must assess the potential impacts of competing facilities. This is particularly important for proposed recycling facilities which may compete with existing buyback centers. The following should be considered: • Existing landfill disposal capacity and planned expansions; • Existing and planned solid waste management projects in the service area; and MDR c N PM W 00 Reeyded ~Pn -16- MAY 9. 109f v • The potential for solid waste to be removed from the service area and disposed of at remote sites. An evaluation is performed on transportation distances and expenses, differential disposal fees, geological or permit conditions affecting future landfill expenses, and the availability of potential sites for new facilities. Although the independent engineer cannot predict future facility use, the impacts of )robable alternatives can be disclosed. Conclusions The following conclusions indicate the objectives of the waste supply analysis; I. The project is an environmentally sound alternate for long-term solid waste disposal in the service area. 2. Sufficient quantities of solid waste will be generated in the service area throughout the financing period to use the project's disposal capacity adequately, 3. Contractual commitments, legal requirements, and/or economic incentives exist to assure delivery of solid waste and/or recycled materials to the project. Economic Anelysie In evaluating the economic feasibility of a project, the independent engineer concentrates on construction expenses, operating expense projections, operating revenue projections, and the sensitivity of the economic projections to varying assumptions. The cash flow pro forma presented in the feasibility report is based on a variety of assumptions regarding future operating conditions, energy and product prices, the general level of inflation, and other economic factors throughout the term of the financing. In preparing baseline assumptions for the pro forma, the independent engineer can only use his best judgment and select reasonable conditions prevalent or anticipated at the time the feasibility report is prepared. Construction Expenses The independent engineer's primary consideration is to evaluate the adequacy of the available funds for completing construction, Typically, detailed cost estimations and equipment bids will not be available for review. Therefore, the independent engineer's analysis focuses on determining the reasonableness of allocations for major expense items, based on similar projects, and checking for any significant omissions, Operating Expenses , The Independent engineer will review the reasonableness of anticipated project operating expenses based on factors such as staffing and maintenance plans, utility use and associated rates, property tar assessments, residue disposal expenses, and site lease payments. In addition, the independent engineer should review contractual conditions affecting the 11DR Unxi"0ng PHnied on Regckd Parwr .17. May 9, 1991 calculation of such items, including special assessments and provisions for adjustments due to inflation or unforeseen situations. The sensitivity analysis generally contains a disclosure of the impact of variations in significant expense item assumptions. Operating Revenues I The two most significant revenue sources are the fees charged for disposal of solid waste at the facility and the sale of energy or recovered products. Contractual conditions associated with the setting of disposal fees must be incorporated in the pro forma. This may include stable rates for a number of years prior to escalation or certain deferrals of disposal fees with subsequent repayment. The sale of recovered materials is generally not a major revenue stream for mass-burn facilities, but can have significant impact on recycling and compost projects and some impact on refuse-derived-fuel projects. The markets for most recovered materials (paper, glass, ferrous metals) have historically exhibited wide fluctuations in value and demand and are influenced by foreign markets and increasing supply in the U.S. The independent engineer must consider contractual requirements as well as historic information in assessing the reasonableness of assumptions used in the pro forma. Energy sales are typically the largest revenue stream for waste-to-energy projects. The type of energy product (steam, electricity, refuse-derived fuel), market demand, and the contractual conditions of sale signif"cantly affect the assumptions used in the pro forma. Short-term energy value projects may be available from utilities or specialized organizations. However, the recent instability in gas and oil prices, as well as the increase in alternate fuel cogenerators, has made energy price projections volatile. No one organization's crystal ball is more accurate than another's. Therefore, the independent engineer must evaluate the information available at the time of finank .Ig in order to select the most reasonable baseline approach. Sensitivity Analysis In addition to varying economic parameters and operating expenses and revenues, there may be other p•ofect conditions which vary from baseline assumptions, thereby affecting the results of the economic analysis. Generally, the sensitivity analyses focus on the down side, or negative Impacts. This provides the investment community with a means of gauging the magnitude of potential risk events. Factors included in sensitivity analyses are as follows: • Reduced quantities of waste processed or recovered materials delivered at the facility due to factors such as less solid waste generation than anticipated, lack of control over delivery, and failure of the facility to perform as intended; • Reduced sale of energy and/or recovered products due to factors such as lower-than-anticipated facility performance, variations in waste composition, and lower market demand; Printed CA K"Ied PAper 1H• May 9. 1991 Increased operational expenses due to factors such as miscalculation of expenses, increased operating and maintenance requirements, changes in law, and uncontrollable or unforeseen circumstances; • Lower-than-anticipated disposa, •:es in instances where economic incentives are required to attract solid waste to the project; • Decreased value of energy and/or the recovered product; and • Increased or decreased inflation assumptions. Furthermore, financing which uses variable bond interest rates may, in certain cases, require a sensitivity analysis of the debt service requirements. Conclusions I The following conclusions should generally be associated with the economic analysis: 1. The construction cost estimates are reasonable, and sufficient funds have been provided to complete construction. 2. The revenge and expense projections are based on reasonable assumptions. 3. The projected revenues from operating the project are adequate to operate and maintain the facility, make debt service payments, and maintain all other required funds at specified levels. Summer When preparing the feasibility report for project financing, the independent engineer is responsible for exercising due diligence in the analysis and independent investigation of the project. The reasonableness of technical design criteria and economic considerations i1 assessed. Contractual arrangements are reviewed, and items impacting technical and economic factors presented in the feasibility report are disclosed. Finally, in addition to preparing a baseline pro forma analysis, the independent engineer performs sensitivity analyses of the major assumptions impacting the economic feasibility analysis. 11DR EnaneeMng Pnrued on Rerycled Pipet l9• May 9, 1991 V7 DfVTYk)fDENTON MUNICIPAL UTILITIES Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan April 1993 ~1 \ LAN RECEMN mm rxrerna ~ w+onu c n w p c I Em(OA Baker-Shiflett,, Inc. Engtneer?ng and Envlronmenlol smoces I _ I DCITYot DENTON MUNICIPAL UTILITIES I I Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan April 1993 i wn~ ~ Ra. ~ ~ 0 a \ REC MINNO i Cyr MONO Lmonu ~ PROroscc cow+osT rrc~un r w PR P UrY EMMA Baker-Shiflett, Inc. Englneering and Environmental Services DCITY of DENTON MUNICIPAL UTILITIES Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan April 1993 P~EOF Tty , ~1 lbvr[L ~rt'Sf OF TF~SII KENNET r I I ~ 9 60773 O ,•~r j ~i' 4~11~i°F ~CISTFRti'v~ts , / I 5 hiss MAL ~ . IQ tea..\\.\`\ ~j ~73399 ;'vi% 1 C7 f4 ~ ~ Kenneth 1. Welch, P.E. Stacy S. Alford, P.E. Project Manager Project Engineer EM(Oft Baker-Shiflett, inc. Engineering and Environmental Servlcel _t;mcon Baker-Shiflett, Inc, 5,'01 EcO LOOv 820J curh . Fort', OoHh, far75161 IC-i C51 (817)478-0254, NVro i8) 7) 372-3411 • Fut (817) 478-8874 April 12, 1993 Project 2602-003-100 Dr. John Thompson, Chairman and Members of the Public Utility Board Donlon, Texas it Re; Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Managem;nt Plan E64CON Baker-Shiflett, Inc. is pleased to present to the City of Denton this Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, The preliminary plan has been prepared in accordance with the scope of services for the project and prevents an innovative yet balanced approach to management of municipal solid waste for the City. In addition, we have followed the request of the City staff to concentrate on the graphical presentation of data and information in this report. You will see that most of the information is provided in use form of graphs, charts and tables and that written description of the Ir preliminary plan is minimized. The plan has been carefully tailored to the specific needs of the City of Denton. Availability of data has necessitated some reliance on national, state and regional data, such as the regional soiiu waste plan prepared by the North Central Texas Council of Governments, however, the unique nature of the City of Denton requires a more detailed approach, developing reliable information from knowledgeable sources within the City itself. To that end, we have- * Internalized the Denton Area Solid Waste Technical Committee assessment report on solid waste, using it as a foundation for this preliminary plan • Worked closely with numerous City staff %ho impact solid waste management in the City of Denton • Discussed the City's needs with a number of local individuals knowledgeable in aspects of solid waste management. M1667264210DL,412 9.1 US] Dr. John Thompson, Chairman Project 2602.003.100 April 12, 1993 Page 2 Thus, this preliminary plan has incorporated the creative talents of many in the City of Denton in order to develop a plan which can be implemented and which will be accepted by the citizens. We believe it is a most appropriate springboard for completing the planning necessary to achieve long-term landfill capacity, environmentally sound solid waste management practices and community education and awareness regarding solid waste. r Time is of utmost importance now for the City. A firm foundation for solid waste management means moving ahead immediately with expansion of the existing City landfill. Also important is the finalization of the master plan for municipal solid waste beginning with an appropriate characterization of the solid waste stream for the City. We present this preliminary master plan for municipal solid waste to you with anticipation that it will be the beginning of a fruitful relationship with the City of Denton. We look forward to our presentation before the Public Utility Board on April 21. In the meantime, Iet us know if we may be of further service. Respectfully Submitted, EMCON Baker-Shiflett, Inc. Rex If. Hunt, P.B. Vice President I FWI16S1:601100L MA I I CITY OF DENTON PRELIMINARY INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUAI.IMARY I CURRENT SOLID WASTE AIANAGF.AIENT SYSTEM Municipal Solid Waste Sources, 1992 1 1 Potential Recoverable Materials 1-2 Waste Characterization 1-3 Denton Solid Waste Quantities 1.4 City of Denton Projected Waste Quantities 1.5 Solid Waste Management System Perceptions 1.6 Waste Management Hierarchy 1-7 2 WASTE MINIMIZATION Current Programs 2-1 Future Programs 2-1 3 COLLECTION Sources of Municipal Solid Waste 3.1 Collection Current System 3.2 Recycling Current Activities 3-3 Collection Options 3-4 Future Activities 3.5 Collation Major Message 3.6 Recycling Issues 3-7 Current Management of Municipal Solid Waste, Denton, Texas, 1992 3-8 Goal for Municipal Solid Waste, ' Denton, Texas, 1994 3-9 FW1118rUN70W 213 91*1 Rev, 0, 04;13+93 ]6M4U]•100 11 I 1 CONTENTS (Continued) 4 MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF) ' Material Recovery Facility (MRF) 4-1 Denton Recyclable Quantities Analysis 4-2 Net Recovery Rate Assumptions 4-3 Existing Solid Waste Disposal System 4-4 Proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management System 4-5 Curbside Collection MRF System 4-6 City of Denton MRF, Curbside Collection System Flow Diagram 4-7 Mixed Waste/Blue Sag MRF Systern 4-8 City of Denton NIRF, Bag System Flow Diagram 4.9 Floor Plan - Material Recovery Facility 4.10 S COMPOSTING Waste Stream Composting Materials 5.1 Typical Compact Markets 5.2 Available Composting Technologies 5-3 Anticipated Windrow Composting Design Criteria 5.4 Environmental Concerns Associated with Composting 5-5 6 REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) Operating RDF's 6-1 7 LANDFILL City of Denton, Existing Landoll 7-1 City of Denton, Potential Landfill Expansion 7.2 Proposed Landfill Layout • Option 1 7.3 Proposed Landfill Layout • Option 2 7-4 8 AfARKET5 Recycling Markets 8-1 ' 4 SPECIAL WASTES Household hazardous Waste Concern 9.1 Household hazardous Waste Collecte„ 9.2 M1151ANTOWC,221921 O Aev. 0, 0411211 2602 003100 i i i { CONTENTS (Continued) 10 PUBLIC EDUCATION r- Public Education 10-1 11 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Waste Management Hierarchy 11.1 City of Denton, Integrated Solid Waste Management System 11-2 Current Municipal Utilities Utilization 11-3 Current Landowner Map 11-4 Optimum Utilization Potential - Option 1 11.5 Integrated Facilities Plan -Option 1 I1-6 Optimum Utilization Potential -Option 2 11-7 Integrated Facilities Plan - Option 2 11.8 Site Layout - Material Recovery Facility 11-4 Proposed Landfi!1 Expansion Cross-Section 11.10 12 ACTION PLAN Action Plan 12-1 Anticipated Schedu!e 12.2 FW/119)DEHTOMC 213-0dr,3 Rev. 0. 0411 DO 15M M3 100 iv h r i I I r~~ i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I1 `I I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and Objective The management of Municipal Solid Waste (NISW) in Texas has seen rapid changes in the past five years as a result of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publishing the proposed Subtitle D criteria for solid waste landfills. These regulations were printed in final form on October 9, 1991, The Texas Water Commission MN'C) published their proposed response to these regulations titled Chapter 330, Municipal Solid Waste, 31 TAC, on March 9, 1993, in the Texas Register. These regulations have resulted in more stringent environmental design restrictions, operational changes and increased environmental monitoring for municipal solid waste landfills, As these regulations are implemented, increased landfill disposal costs will be incurred by many municipalities with some smaller landfills closing. In response to Subtitle D and an overall increased public awareness of environmental issues, the Texas Legislature passed legislation related to management of municipal solid waste. One of these bills, Senate Bill 13,10 (SB1340) sets a 40% percent recycling goal for the state by January 1, 1994, Another piece of legislation, Senate Bill 1519 (SB1519) stipulates that solid waste management plans must be developed by the Texas Water Commission, regional planning agencies and local governments. Other legislation has been passed or proposed related to municipal solid waste. This legislation, heightened public awareness and environmental concerns have pushed municipal solid waste management to the forefront of services provided by municipalities along with water and sewer, The City of Denton has owned and operand the existing City landfill since the early 1980's. The City is also responsible for providing collection services to its citizens for residential, commeWal and industrial customers, city staff has been involved over the past several years with planning and projecting the needs related to providing municipal solid management services in response to Subtitle D, increased environmental pressures and diminishing landfill capacity. In response to these issues, an "ad hoc" group of citizens formed the Denton Area Solid Waste Task Force and began reviewing technical ' options in October 1991 with the purpose of addressing the City's municipal colic waste management needs. Fwl1S7/rxECSUM, a24P&A Rtr.0,a 1110 tbnt-0o too l ti The Denton Area Solid Waste Technical Committee issued a report in July 1992 addressing solid waste. The report title "Assessment of Solid Waste Management Alternatives for the Denton Area" presents information and makes recommendations for the formulation of an integrated solid management system for the City of Denton. The City of Denton and the Denton Puolic Utilities board began a search in November 1992 for a consulting cnginerring firm to help the City with developing an integrated solid waste management plan and expansion of the existing City landfill. This document prepared by EMCON Baker-Shiflett, Inc. (EBS) titled Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan is part of the final step in the selection process. EBS was authorized in January 1993 to prepare a preliminary solid waste plan for the City. The plan we have prepared presents several options available to the City regarding development of an integrated system. We have utilized data made available by City staff, conducted numerous staff interviews and used information presented in the Technical Committee report. Our Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan follows the same organizational format as the Technical Committee report. We have included a section on the current solid waste management system, discussed various solid waste management issues and have presented options for an integrated solid waste management system and action plan. Current Solid Waste Management stem Information regarding the current solid waste management system in Denton was gathered during this part of the project. EBS conducted numerous staff interviews, visited solid waste facilities, visited with members or the Task force and reviewed other published information regarding solid waste in North Texas. Based on this data gathering effort, a preliminary assessment of solid waste quantities and waste characterization was developed. This preliminary information was used to assess the various integrated options available to Denton and to develop the proposed Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Plan. Caution, however, should be exercised in using these quantities and generalized waste characterization for finalization of the plan or in moving into design of the integrated options. The City of Denton is actively managing NISW for its citizens. The Waste Management Hierarchy, shown on page 1.7 reflects two approaches to solid waste management. The inverted triangle depicts a typical municipal solid waste management philosophy. However, the triangle depicting the landfill component as the base to the system is one that provides a stable system and allows the other integrated systems to function. It is essential that communities understand the differences between these two scenarios. A solid waste philosophy centered around triangle I is important because it places proper emphasis on waste reduction, recycling and waste-to-energy, however, for these programs to function, a solid waste management system must be developed with landfilling as the base as depicted in triangle 11. Fw11571LUCSUM 412 93!dr.l Rev. 0. ON 12193 2602-091-100 2 ti Solid Waste Management Issues The various integrated solid waste management components available to the City were revicued individually. The components addressed in the plan include: waste minimisation, collection (recycling), material recovery facility (AIRF), composting, refuse derived fuel (RDF), landfill, markets, special wastes and public education. Each component generally presents activities the City is currently involved in and presents various options available to the City. The City does not have total control over some of these options, Waste minimization and recycling markets are two areas over which local governments typically do not exercise strong control. These areas should be addressed in the plan; however, state and federal authorities exercise more control over legislation that could affect the use of rvXycled materials or package reduction. The components which Denton controls includes collection, material recovery, composting, refuse derived fuel, landfill, special wastes and public education. Recycling is addressed in both the collection and the material recovery facility sections of the report. The Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste rianagemcnt Plan discusses each 'Individual component and proposed options that will allow the City to manage its municipal solid waste stream. There are key factors pressing the City to develop an integrated municipal solid waste system. Increased reg:-latory controls and environmental upgrades for landfills due to Subtitle D and TWC regulations will be in effect October 9, 1993. City staff projects a remaining landfill capacity of about 41A years or an anticipated closure date of July 1997, l Current permitting and public hearing time frames for new landfills can require as much as 3 to 4 years on contested sites. The Texas legislature has also passed laws requiring cities to achieve a 40% recycling goal by January 1, 1994. Included in these recycling goals are goals to compost as much as 15% of the total waste stream. It is essential for I the City to act quickly in developing an integrated Solid Waste Management System in order to address landfill capacity, achieve the 40% recycling goal, achieve 15% composting and other environmental issues. Integrated Solid Waste Management System As discussed and presented in previous sections, an integrated solid waste management system must be founded on a waste management hierarchy with landfill capacity provided as a stable base. A system nth sufficient landfill capacity will provide opportunities for development of the other elements of an Integrated system. EBS has developed an Integrated Solid Waste Nianagemcnt System based on the current information available on waste stream analysis, current systems, management philosophy, available resources and polential resources. At this time MS proposes the following elements be considered as pJrt of the Imcgraled Solid Waste hianagemcnt System: public education, Fw/1)PFxECSVM.412 gNrA Rev. 0, 04AV93 2602-ODJ-100 3 c0llecti0n/A1SW and recyclables, recyclable drop-offs, household hazardous waste, special waste collection, MRF, composting and landfilling, At this time, we do not believe it is feasible to have a refuse derived fuel (RDF) option. However, flexibility should be developed into the integrated system such that RDF could be revisited periodically. I EBS has developed two options for consideration as the Integrated Solid Waste Management System. Each option utilizes the elements previously presented. Each option also utilizes property currently managed by the wastewater treatment plant for anaerobic _ sludge Injection. The differences between the two options is related to property i acquisition. Option 1, shown on page 11.6, utilizes the Sullivan Tract and other property south of Foster Road and cast of Mayhill Road. The proposed receiving/processing area for the Integrated system Is located on the existing City owned property due west of the wastewater plant. A preliminary layout of the receiving/processing area is shown on page 11.9. Option 2, shown on page 11-8 does not use all of the property located south of Foster Road. Option 2 uses the property due west of the Wasiewater Plant for additional landfill capacity with the receiving/processing facility located north of the Treatment Plant Road. Option 1 would provide capacity assurance for the City of between 44 and 38 years. Option 2 would provide approximately 10 years of additional capacity beyond Option 1. As stated, each option incorporates the elements for an integrated approach to municipal solid waste management. These options are presented to reflect how the City could existimanage their landfill 'prov de capacity assurance or management of municipal solid wa to or J the next 40 to 50 years. Action Plan The Preliminary Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan as presented hi's critical timelines associated with achieving state legislated goals and more stringent environmental regulations, More Importantly, a time line must be established to provide for additional landfill disposal capacity prior to July 1997. We believe the schedule presented on page 12.2 allows the City to meet these critical deadlines and develop an integrated approach to municipal solid waste management. ' ' FW l l Sh~ti ECSUM,41 !-9S/d r./ 160!-003 100 Rtr. 0. 04/12NJ i i nr I ~ f 1 CURRENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM I w7 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SOURCES, 1992 CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION DEBRIS V.6°Jo) OTHER (OA%) INSTITUTIONS (20%Y- COMMERCIAL (45%) RESIDENTIAL (19°Jo) - YARD WASTE (6%) Souree. TrissWelerCommise{orl/vtM.9Aeport Fam fa Penndted M1Mxllcipd Sand Wesle Fecilly. flyoteerdor%Im FlV/166lD3iN70N • LeOT•931d rya Rr r.0, M'fM/91 2602403.100 (.I I I POTENTIAL. RECOVERABLE MATERIALS I PAPER • Newsprint Office paper/computer paper Corrugated cardboard PLASTIC i Pf'T (soft drink bottles) • HDPE (milk jugs) (laundry detergent) • Mixed Plastics METALS • Ferrous metals (steel, tin, etc,) • Aluminum • Other non-ferrous GLASS • Clear (flint) • Amber (brown) • Green YARD WASTE • Leaf waste Grass clippings • Stumps and brush WOOD (pallets, lumlxr, etc,) TIRES BATTERIES CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION DEBRIS HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTES (cleaning solvents, pesticides, paint, etc.) WHITE (OR DURABLE) GOODS (large appliances, furniture, etc,) I M157/60RT-TI ,)1) 9P60 NO. 20240)-100 1 •Z NO. 01!0!47 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 40.7 40.8 SCVNCE{ a LEGEND cwAaAcTtmvTONOFMLNcaA {OUOwAStnt THE WaRO STATSI, 09W 2000 ILNCAT t%O ~TllTii F4W4KLNASSOCIAtE! FNALQEPOAI.FAM %ASSOCLA11. DATA _ TOTAL WAS I E _ L TCOODATA NCCV4 FOROFx{OENTLIC, AfAArMENT,NCCMMCNCW, AND ~NMTR6KL W~All CENTRAL TETW COL#4k OF CO'd AfAMENT. NE00VAL SOLO wASR VANA6EMENT FLIN FCN NON TN CENTRAL TpfAS, NORTH CENTRAL TEO$ COLNCL d OCOERUMENTL W / 17.4 17..._........_. de= 1 r, a Ai 10 ai r 8.8 A 6 r;A` - 8 ~ fir. - J 28 1.40.7 08 04 o T _ PAPER OLASS FERROUS ALUMINUM OTHER PLASMS RUBBER FOOD YAAD MISC. METAL NON- LEITNER WASTE WASTE lNOAWW FERROUS TEXT%98 WASTE METALS WOOD "'116PbtN70N-7 407.93)dof I R~ w.0, p4roANS zeozood.Iao 1,3 DENTON SOLID WASTE QUANTITIES ?'G FMATERVAL ESCRIPTION Percent of Daily Yearly Total Volume Volume (by weight) (tons) (tons) 40.8% 103.4 3 2,256 ass 5.1% 12.8 3,990 Ferrous Metals 2.6% 6.4 2,015 Aluminum 0.7% 13 545 Non-Ferrous Metals 0.4% 0.9 284 Plastics 6.5% 16.4 5,119 Rubber/LeatheNTextileslWoW 17.4% 44.2 13,778 Food Wastes 9.4% 23.9 7,485 Yard Wastes 13.3% 33.8 10,531 MiSeel laneous/lnorganic Wastes ,-18% ~ 2 Total 100% 253.2 79,002 Source: 1994 Projected Total Waste Characterization and Recycling for Residential, Apartment, Commercial, and Industrial, Regional Solid Waste Management Plan for North Central Texas, North Central Texas Council of Governments, 1992 hv~ i suuHrswp r.~ot.9~,e~r I U02-00-100 oo3aoo 1.4 R...o, 04 W93 CITY OF DENTON PROJECTED WASTE QUANTITIES 160-11 151,3013 150 140 r 130- ,s4o 120- ' 110. to _ ,y~ ° Z 100 90,378 ,4&, ~ • t r ~ 90 758 ao 70 M~ 60 54,735 b0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Source; PoNatlon Proledons obtained from YEAR City of Denton Wa.,ts Ouant@y Projections based on b 2 010apW0sy, r rwil a vDEN f ON 4,401-9J,lkjh I D.rv.O, 04 0). 9) 100207 100 ~ .5 SOLI f-) w/\s- 'E-_' MANAG EMEN-r SYSTEM PaRc;EPTI ONS PUBLICS - mc COLLECTION COLLECT DISPOSAL WWTP BULKING PROCESSING COMPOST AGENT s LANDFILL T W C F GARBAGE DISPOSAL OPERATOR SUBTITLE. D CLEAN PROCESSING MARKET klv.0, 04/0pr9) iW i WIDEKn7N 4.101.9) IQ+f. t 1-6 1603007 100 I Waste Management Hierarchy I ~ Waste Reduction uctlon Recycling Was to E rgy W ner Y WOLandfilling Lan fl ng Environmental A Model for Management Philosophy Capacity Assurance FA'l1671DEMN-7.107•F7/dd,1 1.7 14r.0, 0IAW7 1601-007• I00 Y r I N S i i ~ O ,,.1 ti - WASTE MINIMIZATION i i F -w7 WASTE MINIMIZATION CURRENT PROGRAMS Planned newspaper advertisements by City to encourage waste minimization and recycling i i FUTURE PROGRAMS - Public Education - Product Exchange Network Sponsoring/Supporting Legislation • Regulation i . Financial Incentives/Disincentives J FW1111,WA5TE?1.102 911kjh 2 Rd v,(1, 61.09197 2602-001-106 2-1 s~ I n 0 z i COLLECTION h I, V SOURCES OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE RESIDENTIAL - Single Family D seliings • Duplexes, Triplexes, Quariplexes I COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL Multiple Fancily DAeliings (Resiuential Type Waste) Offices E Retail Stores/Malls Restaurants Hotels/Motels Service Stations Industrial Centers Agricultural INSTITUTIONAL • Schools (Elementary, Middle, High School) • University of North Texas • Texas Women's University • Hospitals • Government Offices CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION • Cons,ruction Debris • Street Cleaners • Landscaping PW I137r51AS W-T 1,313 9p1j h.3 Rer,O, 0S'(9 93 2602-003.100 3-j COLLECTION M CURRENT SYSTEM i COLLECTION FREQUENCY - Curbside - 2 times per week I - Curbside pilot recycling program - I time per week i - Satellite drop-off centers - as required High school white paper recycling - as required University of North Texas Solid waste - as required Recyclables - as required - Special curbside pick-up - I time per week (White goods, brush, etc.) - City Hall In-house paper recycling program - as required FWOPCOLLT1.402-93 Ljh 3 Rer.0, 08'U9,197 2602-003.100 3.2 RECYCLING CURRENT ACTIVITIES i it Pilot Curbside °.ecycling Collection Program Backyard Composting Program Satellite Drop-off Recycling Centers High School White Paper Recycling Program City Hall In-House Paper Recycling Program University of North Texas Recycling Program Special Pick-Ups (While Goods) MO AltLCCR.11 402.91'd,f I Rtv,O, r>t1V7,'9S 2602m] -100 3-3 COLLECTION OPTIONS Residential 7 • Garbage I x week • Recyclables I x week cr • Garbage/Blue Bag System 2 x week or • Garbage/Blue Bag System I x week or • Garbage/Recycle System 2 x week 4 (Modified Collection Vehiclc) Commercial • Garbage As required • Recyclables I x week or as required or • Garbage/blue Bag As required Institutions • Garbage 2 x week • Recyclables I x week or • Garbage 1 x week • 19100 System (Recyclables) I x week or as required rW137,VOLOpL7.403.9, kjh 2 7a02-0Oy f00 3-4 Rev 0, 01?09,R3 I POTENTIAL FUTURE ACTIVITIES Curbside Commingled "Blue Bag" Collection System ` Satellite Drop-Off Recycling Centers White Paper Recycling Public Schools Commercial Offices Municipal Offices University of North Texas Texas Women's University Commercial/Business Recycling Program Household Hazardous Waste Drop-Off Center Backyard Composting Program Municipal Composting Financial Incentives Program Encourage Market Development through Purchasing Guidelines F1vl1 S7/FUTUP E•T. Ifd AJ kjh' 7 2602-007100 3.5 Rev,0, D4,09,93 COLLECTION MAJOR MESSAGE Collection programs are often the most costly component of the local waste management system; levels of service, proper collection system design and management can result in significant cost savings. FW/1571C01114M T 405-93/d3f,I Rev 0, 007/93 2602-003-10) 3-6 RECYCLING ISSUES Recycling is more apt to be successful when citizens can experience and/or see the connection between recycling and other waste management strategies Recycling is more apt to be successful if a variety of collection methods are used i Recycling is more apt to be successful when people with different interests and therefore different "stakes" in recycling, participate in the program, including; haulers, environmentalists, city/town governments, county government, state government, human service agencies, civic groups, private sector recyclers, and the general public A private for profit business cannot be expected to operate all aspects of a recycling program without service fees from local government Recycling appears to have a greater impact when treated as a public service just like water or sewage collection Recycling appears to be rnore successful when its primary objective is waste management and its supporting objecti' e environmental preservation, meaningful work for disables adults, and making a profit • Increased collection costs through curbside source separation means cleaner materials, easier marketability, and increased revenue. ' Commingled recyclables with MSW means increased costs at the MRF to separate contaminated from uncontaminated materials, generally resulting in lower market access and lower revenues, , r'W1151,'REC155-T./02 97'J.f 2602-00!•100 3-7 Rev A, 04 1N'9] I I I CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DENTON, TEXAS 1992 RECYCLED / RECOVERED (4 % \ \ ♦ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I///II I///•I////III/I/I/ I ee . I Source: Texas Water CJmmisslon, A mjRepod LANDFILLED (96 Faun ForPermimed Municipal $olid Wasle Faeliny, C6y of Denton t 992 r E-W/1651DEMON-7,407 93!drf I Rev. 0.0/.'06/9) 2602-001-100 3.8 I i I i GOAL FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DENTON, TEXAS 1994 (in Accordance with Senate Bill 1340) RECYCLED/ RECOVERED (40%) I r t LANDFILL (60%) \ \ ♦ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ F'W/ 16!/CENTON6. (07.97 ~Qef I W2-00j-100 3-9 Rev 0. 041069! r--. t i MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF) i MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF) r • Existing Recovered hfateridis Newspaper White Paper/Orrice Paper Aluminum Stec] Glass Contairers clear colored Plastics HDPE PET Tin Woodlf: umber • Future Targeted Recyclable Materials Yard Waste Magazines/books • Large Appliances • Corrugated Boxes • Ccnstruction/Demolition • Tires Red mewls PW/117MATREC-T,02.911Qif I 2602003.100 4-1 Rev.0, 04 09N1 DENTON RECYCLABLE QUANTITIES ANALYSIS Annual Total Available Recyclables Tons % Paper ONP 6,562 8.3 OCC 10,245 12.8 Office Paper 3,083 3.9 Mixed 6,404 8.1 Other 6,088 7.7 Total Paper 40.8 Glass Recyclable 3,058 3.9 Non-Recyclable 939 1,2 Total Glass 5.1 Metal Aluminum 545 0.7 Tin Cans 1,264 1.6 Other 2,923 3.7 Total Metal 6.0 Plastics PET 236 0.3 HDPE 2,048 2.6 Other 2,835 3.6 _ Total Plastics 6.5 Yard Waste (Brush) _ 4,898 6.2 C & D _ 6,004 7.6 Tires 553 0.7 White Goods _ 22 0.2 Wood Packaging 3,555 4.5 Other (Appliances, Food Waste, Battorles, etc.) 17,696 22.4 TOTAL RECYCLABLES AVAILABLE OF TOTAL WASTE STREAM 48,477 61.4 Source; Regional Solid Waste Managemem Plan for North Central Texas, North Central Texas Council of Governments, 1992. FWdJ71DNTRECGT.401.9J'kjh 2 kmo.03'14.91 2602-003-100 4.2 NET RECOVERY RATE ASSUMPTIONS Net Recovery Rates - Percent Recovered Material Drop-Off Curbsldo Mixed Waste Blue Bag* Processing (Estimated) MOP NA NA 0.0 90 ONP 32.6 60.5 10.0 85 OCC 26.6 49.4 25.0 75 Other Paper NA NA 0.0 0.0 HDPE 26.6 49.4 10.0 75 PET 26.6 49.4 10.0 75 Other Plastic NA NA 0.0 0.0 Recyclable Glass 26.6 49.4 5.0 55 Other Glass NA NA 0.0 0.0 Steel Can 26.6 49.4 75.0 75 Aluminum Can 26.6 49,4 75.0 75 Other Metal NA NA 0.0 0.0 Yard Waste 28.0 52.0 0.0 80 Wood Packaging 28.0 52.0 0.0 80 Tires 26.6 NA NA NA Other Waste NA NA NA NA Blue bag systems are a recent solid waste management practice and statistics have yet to be validated, FWl157)NRAA-T.408 91 k;h:s Rev 0, W09193 26N-003-100 4.3 1 I 1 EX1 STI NCi SO ILI 1D WASTE F-) I S PO SAL SYSTEM RESIDENTIAL CURBSIDE & SPECIAL PJU win Alm --COMMERCIAL IL-to INDUSTRIAL LANDFI LLED ®i INSTITUTIONAL SORTED RECYCLASLES (PAPER) 41090 - STRUCT'ON ! CON & DEMOLITION SATELITE DROP-OFF CENTERS RECYCLABLE ww-w ® MARKET CURBSIDE PILOT RECYCLING R4v,0, 0~) FM'/163lDENTON 1.107-9Nd.t:1 4.4 76MMJ-100 ti F=" FR O F=p O S E E:) 1 N T E G Fl A T' III E> S C7 I_ I Q WASTE MANAGEMENT' SYSTEM ® ci~ e® RESIDENTIAL J MARKET N u C3 ® 0 } COMMERCIAL i a Q INDUSTRIAL 2 2 ® ■A R F RESIDUE ® U IVY rl LANDFILLED INUTITUTIONAL w J O V N 41 J U N 0 CONSTRUCTION ! o & DEMOLITION W W T P SLUDGE & SOURCE W W T P I SEPARATED YARD WASTE COMPOSTING MARKET L FACILITY fa DROP-OFF CENTER x HAZARDOUS WASTE HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE - - DISPOSAL FACILITY RECYCLE MARKET FW/l65/D ENTON-0. {07-9Vd.O I IW O.04/M2 2602-0W-IJO Q-$ I CURBSIDE COLLECTION MRF SYSTEM i ADVANTAGES: • Typically higher participation rates • Higher recovery rate of recyclables • Cleaner materials, easier to market, higher revenue • Decreased MRF construction/operational costs • Improved citizen education potential • Consumer friendly DISADVANTAGES: • More complex facilities • Increased collection cost • Additional collection equipment FW/1371CLNMRF-T, 102-93rkjh.3 Rev 0, 04109193 26W-003-100 4_6 ~I I CITY OF DENTON MRF ' II CVRISIDE COElICTION SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM I ~1 f i I i PARE I7 LINE CIF AN EFED SCREEN Som Per SfODAGE_ AU OA NFSDIW WASI 1CD7~G IAA16iFA SEED Pit E1004 A1%A 10 CO'NEWFF WW PESDLIAI _ wASIF I IxnAu tIEAN FEED MAGNET fCREN An IKAXCa EDDVCMNNT S101UGE A USSN IN • ~,IQR COMAW VNE Gt.ASS V?7w0 L OFD06 FW/165/DENTON-A.407.931dd:I Ree.0, 04112193 2602-003 100 4.7 MIXED WASTE/BLUE BAG MRF SYSTEM ADVANTAGES- Lower collection costs • No second route required for curbside recyclables 1 • Opens entire waste system • No additional collection equipment necessary DISADVANTAGES: • Consumer unfriendly • More conpleK facilities • Higher operating costs • Typically lower recovery rate of recyclables due to high contamination • Increased worker health and safety problems i FW! I f?1C0h(MAF.1.402 97 idr ) 26M 107.100 4-8 Rev 0. 04,12193 { CITY OF DENTON MRF BAG SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM r I oArE P Lut CLAN fkiD _r SC PEEN SOPnNG C 'YCA tA'OF6 SEGPEGAfED PF4WAl AM P w IMP04 UGGFD FEED UC DEUGGFM U~.GED IPAWEP FEED UIHI~ "yE APEA IO CONhvOP J FlooP MA!ERW CON\EVW SDNtiNC ►37 CN' a _j l_PLA: I FIMkI PS ND{l SEGPEGAIED PESCUAL C RAN PS WAl1 ~ ftaMG! CIUN FEED "CAE1 SCREEN-- AP FLASIKA EDDY CVQANI f1UiAGC L-l CC+N~EYOP _ CLmwi P VMI PM I CONIMAR L" GIAY, lDRPNG DfIPS AU0k6 I WRE M 166/DENCON-1= 407-91A& I Rev.0, 0411 MJ 7601-003.1 DO 4 -9 1 I LOOSE MIXED GARBAGE TIPPING AREA i r~ RECYCLABLES li FEED CONVEYOR RESIDUAL BLUE BAG WASTE TIPPING AREA i UuTj lT Q= MIXED RECYCLABLES TIPPING AREA `s' vo= I PAPER TIPPING AREA MIXED U-C7T7" - PAPER MOM _ll PAPER LINE MATERIAL FEED CONVEYOR INSPECTION STATION z I 0 30 60 120 771 r- SCALE IN FEET to FLOOR PLAN TTACHMENT NO ® IItOl1 Baker-Shiflett [ac. CfSY OF OENTON 4-10 -DEMON COUNTY, TEXAS PROJECT NO DATE: APRIL 1993 SCALES 1''60 602-003-100 n ~ ~ i f r i R COMPOSTING i V i i I4 COMPOSTING WASTE STREAM COMPOSTING MATERIALS a Leaves • Grass Clippings • Brush • Slumps • Lumber Possible NISW organic fraction(s) FW1 I511COMPOS4.402-93Nh-2 Rev 0, 0409191 2602.003•100 S TYPICAL COMPOST MARKETS RESIDENTIAL Lawn and Flower Garden Application COMMERCIAL Greenhouses Nurseries (ornamental) Golf Courses Landscape Contractors Turfgrass Farmers • Industrial Park Grounds • Cemeteries Topsoil Suppliers PUBLIC AGENCIES Roadside and Median Strips LAND RECLAMATION • Landfill Cover Strip Mined Lands • Sand and Gravel Pits • Derelict Urban Land M 157lrY PCOM-7.405.93%h:2 Rer.0, 01N941 2601001-100 S •2 i i j I I AVAILABLE COMPOSTING TECHNOLOGIES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Low evg • Inexpensive • Potential odors • Smaller Facility due • 16.18 month to reduced buffer process requirements @ Requires little • Increase in acreage attention requirements • Infrequent turning 0 Limited Waste Steam (10-12 months) Component • Use Front-End Loader Inlermedlate Level 4 Greater volume • Potential odors reductions Capital and operating • Faster process (4-6 (windrow machine) month process) costs • Smaller windrows/ increased area requirements I • Limited waste stream component Hlgh Level • Forced Aeration • 12-month process • Aeration by a Increased capital/ blowers operational costs • Larger windrows/ • Potential odors reduced area requirements Ni U-gvjj • Enclosed chambers • Increased capital/ In-Vesse maintenance costs I lDigestersl • Flexibility of materials • More complex system • More consistent • Process smaller product amounts • Require less area • Potential odors • High quality product FW/ I67MVTECH T.402-9J ~d.r I Rev.0, 04109/97 2602-003100 5-3 ANTICIPATED WINDR77 IGN CRITERIA Season Sludge Year-round Leaves Oct-Nov Balking Grass 11faySepl Materlals Brush 90 Year-round r Shredded paper * Year-round (optional) City of Denton Compost Requirements Tons/Day Tons/Year Vol. WWTP Sludge 2,5 (20 cy) 912 (7,100 cY) Vol. Bulking Material Required 7,5 20750 (Yard Waste) Vol, Bulking Material Available 12.9 4,708 (Brush, 1992) Vol, Excess Bulking Material 1,958 tons *Actual Volumes Unavailable Note: Wastewater treatment plant sludge and bulking agent based on 1992 quantities. This does not take into account seasonal variation of bulking agent or increases in sludge production, F ISMAINCMbT.405 93,16r2 2601-003.200 5-4 Rir. 0, 04.urv3 yt i f i ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPOSTING f ` • Leachate • Odors • Airborne Spores • Pathogens i • Pollutants in Compost 1 ISSUES OF CRITICAL CONCERN i • Control of Odors i • Achieving adequate temperatures for pathogen destruction during cold windy weather • Leachate control I I MASVENWON-T WS-9kdd,I RIV.A, OVUM 26M-007-100 S-S ' i I T , r a r,~-~ p .uVt7a I 1 REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) i 1 1 I I i 1 OPERATING RDF's FACILITY VOL. OF COMBUSTION MATERIAL - TPD Ames, Iowa (cofired with coal) 200 Madison, Wisconsin (cofired with coal) 250.300 Albany, New York 700 S EMASS 1,300 Palm Beach County, Florida 2,500 Modern RDFs Palm Beach County, Florida 2,500 Hartford, Connecticut > 1,500 Detroit, Michigan 3,000 Honolulu, Hawaii > 1,500 Denton 120• In comparison to modern RDF facilities, there appears to be Insufficient combustible material available In Denton. FW/15V0PRADF•TA01-93'k h:3 Rev.0, 01/09193 260243400 6-1 r I I J i ,r a~3d~ I I LANDFILL I I 1 CITY OF DENTON Existing Landfill Used landfill capacity 1,604,107 cy • Available landfill capacity 845,320 cy (497,893 tons) • Expected Life: 4.5 years 1 • Anticipated Closure Date: July 1997 { • Existing landfill expansion options 10 feet height increase Additional Capacity 285,000 tons Increased Landfill Life No Recycling 3 years 40% Recycling 5,5 years Projected Closure Date No Recycling 2000 40% Recycling 2002 • Alternate daily covers ' • Increased compaction MIS?iM LPL.T./OS 931M.1 liev.0, OV09l93 1603 100 7.1 CITY OF DENTON i Potential Landfill Expansion OPTION 1 110 Acrej • No Recycling Site Life - 44 years • 40% Recycling Reduction Site Life - 58 years OPTION 2 156 Acres • No Recycling Site life - 56 years • 40% Recycling Reduction Site Life - 71 years FWfIJTrMM-TA05 9JI&I Rev.0.04/09/93 2602-00)-100 7.2 i - O 500 1000 2000 SCALE IN FEET y i--- l err ( w+au I raw aPmc , I rROrosm l oo~osr ' ~ a , r~aurt ~ i' reorasm i . 1 ~ h} 1 r►c~m ! ' ' v 1 1 1 it it ~ • " ATTACHMENT UNDFIIi U PROPOSED YOUS OPTION 1 CV OF DENTON 7 3 ®IMCOp Baker-Shiflett Inc. DENTON COUNTY, TEXAS PROJECT NO o DAM APRIL 1993 SCALE: 1'1000' 2602-003-100 { ICI K" !OK c---~ _ - 1 - 0 500 1000 2000 __L_'~ - _ _ - - - SCALE IN FEET PROKM I uwru ~ I woul ~ I ` h rrrrrr~ _ 1 PRO~OSm f ~ rcm Omi R r I ~ ' FICLl11' \ ~ I 1 1 1 I INTEGRATED FACIUTIES PLAN ATTACHMENT NO OPTION 2 ® MOA Dekcr-SLlflett Inc. CITY OF DENTON N% ENO me DENTON COUNTY TDW PR NO DATE: APRIL 1993 SCALE: 1'm1000' 260 2EOOJ-100 mommmomm"Moolo i I i ~J i 1 i i MARKETS I I {I 1 RECYCLING MARKETS { I • Marketability increases with clean uncontaminated material, v Baled material maximized material loads and decreases transportation cost. • North Central Texas Council of Governments, Regional Solid Waste Management Plan for North Central Texas, November 1992 identifies regional markets and material. • Southwest Public Recycling Association assists municipalities and governmental entities with identification and development of markets. • City of Denton current recycling markets Office/school paper - Pioneer Paper Company Newspaper - Fulton's Scrap Dealer Recyclable Material Newspaper - Western Management HDPE Plastics I - Atlas Scrap Management HDPE Plastics 2 Glass Aluminum Tin M 163 /REC'MMT 412 93/d r: s Rev. 0. 0411V93 2602-003.100 8.1 I I I 1 f t SPECIAL WASTES (r~ f I i HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE CONCERNS Prepare to handle household hazardous waste at: • NIRF • City Household Hazardous Waste Drop-Off Site 1 MISVROU5HZ.T.IOS-9SJdd:1 ROO 0410119! 1601.w3.100 9.1 i i HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTED AUTO BATTERIES (24.8 °a) USED MOTOR OIL (27.3%) i MISC. (5.0 4i Fn by r4r~5^~~:. PAINTS AND ? .9 PESTICIDES AND SOLVENTS (37.7 rF POISONS (4.5 ~fz T . U ~ 1 tir'1 • Jr Y'.: ANTIFREEZE (0.7 SOLIACE: REGIONAL SOUR WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR NORTH CENTRAL. TEXAS, NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS, 1992 FW! 1631D EN tON C.10T 93 dd' I 3tev.0, 04Nmj 2602-003.100 94 Y P CCA ~I n ' y 0 ~ i i { I ~ 1 1 I ~ ~ I i 1 I I PUBLIC EDUCATION h F i t h E E ih E PUBLIC EDUCATION • Public Involvement in Decision MAding - Collection Characterization/Classification • Plan a Public Education Program Target Groups Understand Your Audiences Prepare a Plan • Evaluate Activities • Meet Public Education and Public Involvement Challenges Successfully Delivering Educational Messages • Encourage Program Participation • Funding Activities or Programs Facility Tours . Public • Schools J • Universities Civic Groups FWIUIiPUBrDC•T,IOS 9Ldd I Rmo.WWI) 2602-00!-100 10-1 i i i I 1 IN `,a o i r 1 1 i INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM I J 1 r I 1 Waste Management Hierarchy 'Waste Reduction Waste Re uction Recycling ecyclin Was to E rgy W ste to Ener y Lan f' i ing Landfilling Environmental A Model for Management Philosophy Capacity Assurance M/403- IENfON-0.401A31dsEl ' Kok. 04/O J i +1 I CITY OF DENTON Integrated Solid Waste Management System i • Public Hducation CollectionNSW and Recyclables • Drop-Off renters/Recyclables • Household Hazardous Waste • Special Waste Collection • MRP • Composting • 1andfi:,ing F' I T MOSW 1.10! Wdr1 Rrv.O, 04A V93 1601401.100 11-2 DWAROS 4y r- c 0011, - J FOSTER R R0. = CI ~t 0\ j 8 ~ I I_ TLENT RU• / - ~ry 8~ ~ I CAS r ~ ~ Lill s 6CN40 POSTER 0, J 1)AM RD, ado 1- J ys8~ r EA 0 I V _ I s U N r~ II J r~ o i 0 -a ~ I ~ r ! r SIR J &A v i ~ r ~ r ~j~ ✓ --1 t del rr ~ ~r~11Kxr Im. IN, J z N 00 11 I , , t 00 J (~1 J ' V o0 t all _ti__.. _ ~ ~ff - ~ o• 'j -~20• pow C 17, C FOSTIR I 'UM I N i o ti z B i FW" AGO _ Oak ~A TO Ili N cD~oar wurrrew+cc J 4 W.ArMTM YVM ROAD 0 ro N ~ z $ m a POTENTIAL AERIAL EXPANSION AREA- INCREASE IN CAPACITY BUFFER I BUFFER L ZONE ZONE EXISTING GRADE w z EXISTING FILL AREA °a \ ~a ILI PROPOSED LANDFILL EXPANSION DENTON LANDFILL aev.o, 04M9193 FN'lS6SlDENTONE,I07.93ldr•.2 11-10 1602-007-100 -T_ H Zyryr i ;4 1 ACTION PLAN I k i I f 1 ACTION PLAN • Increase Existing Site Czpacity/Addres, Subtitle D Requirements i • Property Acquisition m Landfill Expansion Permitting/Design I • Waste Characterization • Solid Waste Plan - Recyclable Collection MRF Composting Public Education i • Facility Design - EntrancelProcess Area - MRF Composting F W / IS NACTFLN •T.405-93 /lih:2 Rev 0, 0410919) 2602-003.100 IZ•i ANTICIPATED SCIIEDL- - CITY OF DENTON PERMIT AMENDDIENT/PERMIT APPLICATION FOR EXISTING AND PROPOSED INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY 1993 1994 1995 May June Jul Aug. Sept, Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct, Nov. Doc. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May Months 1 2 3T-4 S 6 7 g 9 to 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1J 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 increase Eaisting Site Capacity! Address Subtitle D Requirements Property Acquisition (By City) r Landfill Expansion Pctminingl Design NOON Waste Characteriutien Study i Solid Waite Plan Facility Design - Entrance/Proccss Arca (Preliminary) (Final) - Composting Facility Design - MRF Design (Preliminary) (Final) - Maintenance Facility Deign (Prnltninary) I(FNanI Landfill Expansion Public Haring _ _ _ .1..1. _ (Dependent on Public Haring) Landfill Construction Documents Key dater October k 1993 - Subtitle D July 1997 - Existing Lxndf ll out cf capacity January 1994 - 40 percent Recycli tg Goal aaw ~°nat_a ( FW/157/DE40N-T.405-931kjh.3 Rev. 0, 04/1 L93 202-003400 12-2 I