Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout10-14-1997 i I t City Council Agenda Packet October 14, 1997 v~'~x'7r+ S' v • • Apenda No. -v AGENDA Apeoda Item/ CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL Date 1 October 14,1997 Dedication and Open House of the City Hall building by t',e City of Denton City Council on Tuesday, October 14, 1997 from 4:00 p.m to 6:00 p.m. at City Hall, 215 E. McKinney, DentoA Texas. 1. Presentation of a proclamation dedicating the City Hall building. After deternui N that a quorum is present and convening in an open meeting, the City Counci9 will convene in a closed meeting of the City of Delon City Council on Tuesday. October 14, 1997 at 6:30 p.m. in the Council Work Session Room of City Had, 215 E. McKinney, Denton, Texas at which the following items will be considered: 1. Closed Meeting: A. Consuhation with Attorney - Utder TEX. GOV'T. CODE Sec. 551.071 1, Discuss and consider an ordinance authorizing settlement in the amount of $35,000 for litigation styled loci D" Patton and Hello Jean Patton v. the City of Paris, the City of Denton, and the City of Corsicana, civil action number 3:96v66 filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas, alleging violation of civil rights. B. Conference with Employees - Under TEX. GOV'T. CODE Sec. 551.075. The Council may receive information from employees during a staff mafaece or txWng but may not delibente during the conference. ANY FINAL ACTION, DECISION, OR VOTE ON A MATTER DELIBERATED IN A CLOSED MEETING OR ON INFORMATION RECEIVED IN A CONFERENCE WITH EMPLOYEES WILL ONLY BE TAKEN IN AN OPEN MEETING THAT IS HELD IN COMPLIANCE WITH TEX. GOVT CODE CH. 551. THE CITY COUNCIL RESERVES THE RIGHT TO ADJOURN INTO A CLOSED MEETING OR EXECUTIVE SESSION AS AUTHORIZED BY TEX. GOV'T CODE SEC, 551.001, ET SEQ. (TEXAS OPEN MEETINGS ACT) ON ANY ITEM ON ITS OPEN MEETING AGENDA OR TO RECONVENE IN A CONTINUATION OF THE CLOSED MEETING ON THE CLOSED MEETING ITEMS NOTED ABOVE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TEXAS OPEN MEETINGS ACT, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION SECTIONS 551.071-551,085 OF THE OPEN • MEETINGS ACT. i Work Session of the City of Denton City Council on Tuesday, October 14, 1997 at 7:00 p.m in the City Council Work Session Room at City Hall, 215 E. McKinney. Dedm Texas at which the fallowing items wia be considered: • NOTE: A Work Session is used to explore matters of interest to one or more City Council Members t • • or the City Manager for the purpose of giving staff direction into %kiw1 r or not such matters should be placed on a future regular or special meeting of the Council for citizen irptn, City Council deliberation and fortnal City action At a Work Sessions, the City Council generally receives informal and preliminary reports and information from City staff, officials. members of City committees, and the individual or organization proposing council action, if invited by City Co!i" Of City Manger to participate in the session. Participation by individuals and members of organizations invited to speak • • City of Denton City Counc il Agenda October 14, 1997 Page 2 ceases wtm the Mayor announces the session is being dosed to public input. Although Work Sessions are public meerinrgs, a,,d citizens have a legal right to attend, bey are not public hexings, so citizens are not allowed to participate in the session unless invited to do so by the Mayor. Any citizen may supply to the City Council, prior to the beginning of the session, a written report regarding the citizen's opinion on the matter being explored. Should the Council direct the matter be placed on a regular meeting agenda, the staff will generally prepare a final report defirwig the proposed action, which will be made available to all citizens prior to the regular mating at which citizen input is sought. The purpose of this procedure is to allow citizens attending the regular meeting the opportunity to hear the views of their fellow citizens without having to attend two meethW. 1. Receive a quarterly report from TMPA representatives. 2. Receive a report, hold a discussion, and give staff direction regarding property appearance guidelines for historically signi6cam structures and districts. 3. Receive a report, held a discussion and give staff direction regarding Existing Data and Forecasts related to the Denton Plan. 4. Receive a report, hold a discussion and give staff direction. regarding a vision. statement and growth management strategy relating to the Denton Plan Following the completion of the Work Session, the Council will convene in a Special CAW Session to I consider the following: I 1. Consider adoption of an ordinance authorizing settlernent in the amount of $35,000 for litigation styled Joel Darnel Patton and Hello Jean Patton Y. the City of Paris, the City of f Denton, and the City of Corsicana, civil action number 196v66 filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas, alleging violation of civil rights. CERTIFICATE I certify that the above notice of meeting was posted on the bulletin board at the City Hap of the City of Demon, Ttxas, on the day of 1997 at o'clock (a m.) (p.m.) • CITY SECRETARY NOTE: THE CITY OF DENTON CITY COUNCIL WORK SESSION ROOM IS ' ACCESSIBLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT. THE CITY WILL PROVIDE SIGN LANGUAGE • INTERPRETERS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED IF REQUESTED AT LEAST • • 48 HOURS IN ADVANCE OF THE SCHEDULED MEETING. PLEASE CALL THE CITY SECRETARYS OFFICE AT 349-8309 OR USE TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES FOR THE DEAF (fDD) BY CALLING 1- 8aRELAY-TX SO THAT A SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPMU CAN BE SCHEDULED THROUGH THE CITY SECRETARYS OFFICE, &am&101Wdx • r • A"Mde lie. AgWa Item s Date MY of DEMTOM, TEXAS MUNICIPAL BUILDING ~ 215 E. McKINNEY P DENTON, TEXAS 76201 (817) 566-8200 o DfW METRO 434.2529 H Z H 0 R A K D U M TO% Denton City Council Members PROMS Denisha Williams, Main Street Manager THROUGHs Ted Benavides, City Manager REs Property Appearance Guidelines DATES October 8, 1997 BACKGROUND The Play Action Group of the Vision for Denton project established a sub-committee to create design guidelines for historic properties in the downtown area and in other parts of the city. The goal of the Guidelines sub-committee, chaired by Jane Jenkins, was to draft workable guidelines to be used in renovation and new construction, especially in the downtown core area. The committee, which included Barbara Risser, Rod Reeves, Bette and Bob Sherman, Dorian Ennis, Bu'llitt Lowry, Rick Svehla, and Ricky Petty, worked for several months to draft a document that would be concise and easily understandable yet thorough. Ms. Jenkins and the committee completed the Property Appearance Guidelines this spring. Since that time, the Guidelines have been distributed to several groups for review and endorsement. The Play Action Group, the Vision Cabinet, the Main Street Association, the Downtown Development Advisory Board, and the Historic Landmark commission have all formally endorsed the if Property Appearance Guidelines. The Guidelines have also been distributed to business owners on the square for review; all responses to the Guidelines have been favorable. The Property Appearance Guidelines summarize fundamental principles of design for the treatment of historic buildings and for infill construction in the historic commercial area of the • city. Although the bulk of the Guidelines addresses the downtown core area, the document also presents a framework for adding guidelines for other specific areas of the city in the future. "Dedicated to Quality Service" k~ I xr . Page 2 At this time, compliance with the Guidelines will be entirely voluntary. The Guidelines are an informational tool; they do not establish any new regulations, although in some instances they make reference to existing ordinances, such as sign restrictions. If Council approves, staff will actively promote the voluntary use of the Guidelines. The document will be distributed to all businesses in the downtown core area who have not already received a copy. In addition, a copy will be given to new building owners and tenants. The Main Street office already provides technical assistance in building rehabilitation and furnishes information on proper preservation techniques to anyone who is planning a downtown rehab project. Building inspections staff members work closely with Main Street and help refer applicants for building permits in downtown to the Main Street office for assistance. The Main Street office already advocates voluntary compliance with all of the principles discussed in the Property Appearance Guidelines. This concise, well-illustrated, easy-to-use document will be useful in explaining the rationale for recommendations made by Main Street staff and by the state Main Street architect. Several groups have expressed a desire for Council to adopt a policy for incentives to encourage adherence to the Guidelines. Other cities have various types of incentive programs that are used to encourage appropriate historic preservation techniques. If Council desires, staff would gladly come back to Council with options for an incentive program, F r RECONKMATION h. Staff recommends endorsement of the Property Appearance ff Guidelines. Staff also recommends further research into incentives that might later be adopted to encourage the use of the Guidelines. FINANCIAL IMPACT None. i i • v. C _ ` Respectfully submitted: Ted Benav es, city Manager [ f : rr!^~` , a'S r {.,1 l~,{i-'I try 3_d '^y,~{,yr+`~s ~4+t' 4I.+N11 s. ~ 1. Page 3 Prepared by: Denisha Williams Main Street Manager Approved k.;t: CLinda Rat if Director of Econom c Development Attachment: Property Appearance Guidelines r , t _ r u. k~.. I 2_S4! f .1; '.F Pik 6 ti.Z u~ ♦~1N~;fit l~lJ1 ♦.`i • PropertY A pp earance. Guidelines. , a City of Denton, Texas . r I Denton Publishing Company i PO Box 369 a 314 E. Hickory • Ocnton, Tvas 76201 817/387.3011 April 23, 1997 Dear Citizens of Denton: Attached is the final draft of Property Appearance Guidelines that has been compiled by members of the Guidelines Committee of the Play Action Group of the Visions for Denton. The committee, chaired by Jane Jenkins, has spent over S months in preparing it Ie document. It tins taken many meetings and field trips, and I think you will agree that it is well done. Th^ goal of the group was to come up with suggested workable guidelines to be used in renovation and new construction in our downtown core area. (A complete goals statement for the committee follows.) Downtown is the crown jewel of Denton's heritage and must be preserved for generations that follow. j I i We hope that this document can be expanded to address other areas such as ` downtown corridors, historic rc :idential areas and streetscape standards. II The Property Appearance Guidelines will be presented during the next several weeks to many committees and ultimately to the Vision Cabinet and City Council for approval. Other members of the committee who have worked so diligently are Barbara f Risser, Rod Reeves, Bette and Bob Sherman, Dorian Ennis, Bullitt Lowry, Rick Svehla and Ricky Petty. • We invite you to read this final draft and join with us In preserving our architectural heritage. Yours very truly, f Fred Patterson, Chairman • • May Action Group E A Vision for Denton - 21st Ccntury 3• DEN TON RECORD•CHRONICLE(FAX]214434"11,00 THEGRAPEVINESUN(FAX)817.4683)39 LIE 'All SVILLENEWS (FAX)11W3Er6049 r' P" 4 ~TIWr+-1Ml'~~~~ . el • GOALS STATEMENT FOR PROPERTY APPEARANCE GUIDELINES COMMITTEE It is the mission of the Property Appearance Guidelines Committee (a subcommittee of tho Play Actior Team of the Vision for Denton-the 2 ist Century project) to provide We, and reasonable guidelines that are easily understood and economically viable. In developing the guidelines, the committee considered the following: O enhancement of the visual image of Denton consistent with the goals of the Ytslon for Denton project as approved by the City Council; s accommodation of , rban growth and change, in a manner which is consistent with the Yislon for Denton project and with the historic preservation goals established by Denton's Htstorle Landmark Commission; ♦ encouragement for revitalization of older buildings, historic n0ghborhoods, and commercial areas as well as for the development of vacant land within Denton's historic areas; continued development of increased pedestrian activity using downtown core area as a focal point for entertainment, arts and business; • protection ofpropcrty values and preservation of the tax base by minimizing the negative impact of inappropriate development e L 49 l ~[..f-'7. , Contents Introdriction 1 Project Overview I C How to Use the Guidelines 2 Basic Design Elements 4 Definitions 4 General Sign Issues 7 Downtown Core Area 13 Site Design Guidelines 13 Building Design GuldeCnes 15 Building Renovation Guidelines 16 Sign Design Guidelines 20 Building Maintenance and Repair 22 t Appendix Definitions of Preservation Treatments Glossary of Architectural Terms Properties with Historic Landmark Designation The Secretary of Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation Map of Downtown Core Area • 3 A +r $r -b 415'' ° ~~t ~ i -r , Property Appearance Guidelines Introduction City of Denton, Texas I • ~f i t a,e • • _ ..,gym--a~ac v u} .,s .j,..,...._. architectural character of each building, these early attempts to compete with urban sprawl Introduction furthered the decline of central business PROJECT OVERVIEW districts. The downtown revitalization programs of the 1990s, such as the Main The purpose of these Property Appearance Strect Program in Denton, attempt to bring Guidelines is to identify the character-giving life downtown by respecting the individuality elements of Denton's historically significant of each structure while encouraging the properties and districts (identified in the concept o: the buildings as a collection. I listofic Resources Survey) so that new Property appearance guidelines assist in this development can be guided to respect, process, reinforce and enhance the existing character of the individual resources and districts. 1Yhile not mandatory, the guidelines do represew ,ommunity policy about design This document provides a general issues, Thcy outline the approach to certain appearance program overview, as well as design issues, but do not dictate solutions. definitions for the design elements covered For example, the guidelines may suggest that by the guidelines. Although this manual commercial storefronts should be recessed; provides guidelines only for the "downtown they do not dictate the design of the core area" (ace appendix for map), it is storefront. The guidelines also identify planned to expand this document to include inappropriate approaches, such as appearance guidelines for mixed use districts sandblasting, acrd areas of residential character, R'hy have property appearance R'lrat are property appearance guidelines? guidelines? f One purposr . re guidelines is to inform Property appearance guidelines assist the communir~ :gout the design policies the building owners w th new construction or City suggests for historically significant the rehabilitation of their older buildings. structures and districts. The guidelines For example, downtown improvcmenl outline an approach to design that will help pu jars of th.. 1960s and 1910s usually sustain the character of s..~h structures and approached the downtown in one way. to districts, Therefore, the intent is to provide rnalc all buildings homogenous by covering information that properly owners may use in themwith false fagades, turning streets into making decisions about their property. The malls and recommending that every business guidelines also provide the lts!oric , have similar signs, awnings and colors. This Landmark Commisson a basis for making was na attempt to make downtown informed, consistent recommendations. Mr parable with the new concepts of suburban strip shopping centers and enclosed Why use property appearance guidelines? • nulls. Protecting Dcn'on's historic districtsss a lsut the beauty of downtown is its diversity, public responsibil4y. Sropeiiy appearance its c vobution, its evocation of local history, guidelines represent it partnership among all By covering and disguising the special property owners in the district. When 10. WMZ ;PIN • . ~ ~.1 • t 1, r 0 .•'7'ml~~Q~ Jf.~ Property owners invest in the rehabilitation For projects subject to such review, or construction of commercial property, they applicants should refer to the guidelines at like to know that that investment will be t' It outset to avoid planning efforts that may protected. Application of the guidelines is prove inappropriate, one part of that economic protection. Property owners are encouraged to apply the Understanding that the rehabilitation of guidelines to projects not subject to review. historic structures and the compatibility of Projects not subject to review would include new construction in an historic district is most new construction or rehabilitation of important to the heritage of the community, buildings that do not have individual local fin .racial incentives have been developed to designation. If applicants voliautarily submit encourage voluntary application of the protects for review and comment by the 0 guidelines. The guidelines have been written Historic Landmark Commission, they may be to allow for individual differences in eligible for financial incentives (see separate buildings and budgets. The goal is not document). uniformity, but diversity. How to apply. HOW TO USE THE GUIDELINES A property own'I may request a design review by contacting the City's Historic The primary users of this document are Preservation Officer. intended to be individuals, agencies or organizations that are seeking to develop Recommended srobmlttal documents: existing historic properties or construct new Adequate documentation is essential to buildings within the boundaries of an historic provide a complete understanding of the district, work proposed. Applicants are encouraged, and may be required, to submit the following These guidelines provide developers and the documentation: City of Denton with specific tools for • Slides of the existing conditions (existing evaluating proposed designs to ensure that and historic, if applicable) new development will be sensitive to the • Elevations buildings and character of Denton's historic • Site plan areas. . Roof plan . Materials samples Application for Review . Color samples • Statement of how the project meets the Ilho should apply? guidelines Some pz opcrtics arc locally dosignated historic landmarks (see Appendix for list) and are required to have a Certificate of Appropriateness before a building permit is ' • issued for any exterior work. Property 1 • owners must apply for a Certificate of Appropriateness and subnut plans for cx1crior improvements to the Historic Landmark Commission for design review, I . •Z' I'V III, r , , Review Process historic structures be preserved and that the overall character of Denton be protected. Once a review has been requested, the guidelines will be used in Iwo formal ways: NOTE.- . First, the City staff will use the guidelines when advising property owners and in The guidelines take effect only when a administrative reviews, project is initiated by a property owner or . Second, the Historic Landmark tenant, either to alter an existing structure or Commission will use the guidelines when to construct a new one. The guidelines do considering the issuance of a Certificate of not require property owners or tenants to Appropriateness (required for locally initiate repairs, and there is no deadline by designated historic landmarks) or when which properties must coma into reviewing a project for comment. "compliance." However, incentives are being developed to encourage property The document will guide the comments of owners to make improvements (see staff and the recommendations of the appropriate brochure). Commission. In general, they will seek to determine if an adequate number of the Note that other regulations also may affect relevant guidelines have been reasonably project design Including the following: mot. However, there is no set number of . The City of Denton Zoning Ordinance guideline,. that must be met. Because each . The City of Denton Signs and Advertising project ?w; its own special circumstances, the Devices Ordinance Commssion makes its recommendation on a . The Uniform Building Code case-by-case basis. In making its • The Americans With Disabilities Act recomme~Oation, the Commission's overall Federal income tax credits for certified concern is that the integrity of individual rehabilitation of historic buildings I f i t f M 1' i .'7 r , rt SS:: • 71 30 u • Property Appearance Guidelines 1 ;c i Basic Design Elements City of Denton, Texas C If I r t 'r~?flrWJ.prO~ Ff! .7~.w.6 "lli~~^'~i ilS »:vN.'l~it .au.,. ~ °f t.~,.,~i •~....`a..~ M a°~ BASIC DCS1 Elements character is established by its materials. g~i< Materials can imply a sense of permanence, stability, and quality or they can imply the i The following section introduces design opposite. Certain materials are also elements which are addressed by thew associate-d with certain uses: commercial: guidelines. The first part of this section residential, institutional, or industrial. presents an alphabetical list of definitions for different site and building elen.,,rts, while the Canopies - Canopies are roof elements second discusses issues related s; ecifically to projecting from the facade of a building and the design of signage, are common on commercial buildings. Canopies were traditionally constructed of DEFINITIONS wood. They were usually suspended from the facade of the building. Accessory Buildings - Accessory buildings are structures secondary to the primary Historically the canopy was it continuous stnieture. They are usually freestanding or horizontal projection from building comer detached from the primary structure. to building corner broken only between buildings. Additions - Additions are attached expansions of an existing building, Canopies serve to protect the building and the pedestrian from the elements, while Architectural Details - Details are the providing a scale-giving element to the decorative features that constitute the design facade. They are also one of the most of a building. The buildings in the area have distinctive differences between residential ; both functional and non-functional details. and commercial structures. Although some buildings have more Color - Color can be the result of the elaborate detailing original watcriai or an applied material such than others, all as paint. Original colors were usually exhibit some determined by the particular style of the decoration. This ' \A building, Buildings construUed in the establishes a~ Victorian Period were usually painted in f C character for the three to five dark rich colors. Bungalows, buildings and the particularly In the Craftsman Style, were • area as well, usually painted in two or three earth tone colors. Classical Revival Style buildings Awnings - An awnin,; is a roof structure were usually painted white with one or two located over a window or door. from the dark trim colors. The color of a building early days of Denton to the present, awnings usually changed through time depending on have been used to protect buildings and the fashion of the period. A building f • pedestrians from sun and rain. constructed btfore the turn of the century • • and originally painted in Victorian Style Build; rig Mnterials - Material is the colors frequently was painted white during substance of which building parts or the 1920s. components are made. Much of a building's • 01 Compatible Use -The use of a building is Historic Buildings -Buildings are the function which it serves. A compatible considered "officially" historic if they are use is a function which the building easily certified as such by a local, state or federal accommodates, government. Obviously, at any given time, there will be a certain amount of non- Doors - The typical door certified buildings that have historical on a historic building is rr_a. signficance to Denton, For these guidelines, constructed of wood, all structures that have historical significance usually with a simple glass to Denton, whether certified or not, twill be panel in the upper half and referred to as "historic". New and infill wood panels in the lower C7 *MA construction wiH be referred to as "non- half. historic". 0 Entrances- The entrance of a building is flistoric Period of Renovation - Historic usu lily the focal point of its front facade. buildings are usually not exactly as originally The entrance includes the elements constructed but are products of the initial surrounding a door and usually a porch on construction and later modifications which residential structures. represent several periods in history. These later modifications may have as much or Equipment - FAuipment includes heating more historical and architectural value as the and air conditioning units, electrical, original constructiom telephone and cable television service, irrigation control boxes and valves and other Returning the building to its exact original similar devices, construction is rarely the goal of a renovation, Consequently, one of the first Foundations - The foundation is the base or decisions in any historic renovation is what portion of the building that rests on the period of the building's history the ground. The earliest foundations remaining renovation will use as its model. Renovation in Denton were constructed of brick. By the of non-historic buildings is not particularly turn of the century, concrete block became concerned with selecting or maintaining a the predominant material. In the 1920s particular period or style, structural concrete floors resting directly on the ground came into use. This type of Lighting - Lighting in this context refers to construction, commonly known as "slab on artificial light on the ext ;rior of the building • grade", was first used in commercial and the site, including parking areas and construction. street lighting. IInndicapped Access Orientation - Building orientation is the I landicapped access refers direction that the principal facade or facades to the ability of tho ofa building face. The primary building - handicapped to easily entrance is usually on the face or principal • • Recess the interior of the facade of the building. The main entrance is, building, therefore, usually facing the adjacent street. F • 'Lr4nfrrrPrnp.~ir~ ~FpyiirpnC3r.Gu(d. Itkt ,1711T_1=.4 Outdoor Display - Outdoor display refers to Setbacks - A setback is the distance from a the placement of merchandise outside a reference point that a structure is "set beck" commercial establishment, often on the or located. The reference point is usually the sidewalk. property line and typically the building has a setback from all property lines. Parking - Parking refers to the temporary storage of automobiles. Siding - This is the primary material covering the exterior walls of a building. Paving - Paving is the material which is used for covering driveways, walkways and Storefronts - The storefront is the ground parking areas. The original street paving floor facade or face of a building which is was sand followed by brick orclay, Today adjacent to the sidewalk in a pedestrian. the typical material is oriented urban setting. The storefront asphalt. Brick, typically includes the primary entrance to the j interlocking blocks, building;. and other modular paving not only Spacing - Spacing is the amount of void or provide a suitable space between buildings. The most visible surface for the automobile but they also and apparent spacing is side to side, The provide a more Ituman scale than asphalt. spacing between the rear of the buildings is Asphalt and concrete are monolithic usually not visible from the street and is i undifferentiated surfaces that promote high therefore of less importance than the space speed traffic. Modular paving is a surfact between the sides. made of many small units, such as concrete bricks and paving blocks. It is not as smooth Signs - For the purposes of these guidelines as monolithic paving and therefore slows a sign is a device that symbolically identifies automobile traffic, the occupant, building use or provides some other information relating t i the structure or Roofs - Irvisible, the type and shape of a the site. building's roof is probably the most important element in establishing its Relocation - Relocation refers to the character. The roofing material is also relocation or moving of an existing building important. from its original site to it new location on the same site or a new site. For most rcaidential properties, the original roofing material was wood. In the first Windows - The ezrliest - ' decade of this century metal roofing became buildings in Denton had available. Because wood roofing was wooden double hung susceptible to fire, most wood roofs were foes over four windows replac:d or covered with metal by 1920. In (pictured at right). } • • the 1940s asbeslos shingles became popular "Four over four" refers to the number of III! and by 1950 the most common roofing panes or "liglits". After the turn r7tl.o malcrial was asphalt shingles. century the predominant typebfvrindow was the wooden double hung one over one. In the 19209 multi-fight wooden double hung i I y , .Y E6~gg. i • 0 windows, such as six over six became There are several different types of symbolic popular, Metal windows came into use in signs which can be used to cons :wnicate the 1920s in commercial construction, but business activity. A red and white striped not until 1940s in residential construction. pole traditionally Windows were usually arranged in a advertises a barber balanced logical pattern reflecting the rooms shop, and three on the interior of a building, a hanging balls indicate a pawn shop. Other GENERAL SIGN ISSUES symbols are more directly related to the The design, construction, and placement of service sold; a shoe, signs should be complement the building's for example, might O design. Most historic and many new advertise a shoe store commercial buildings provide appropriate or repair shop. locations for signs on the primary facade. New building facades should include an area Symbolic signs, such as a barber pole, may where a sign or signs fit within the overall be three-dimensional and symbolic and text facade design, signs are often combined in one sign Sign Messages Although traditionally not thought of as a sign, observable shop activities are Basically there arc four different kinds of sometimes the best form of communication, sign messages that people use to advertise If clearly visible, shop activity reduces the their business: text signs; symbolic signs; need for other signs since shop activity; and window displays, Within the goods and services are each kind of message there are variations self explanatory. A line of~ That customize the sign to match the identity hungry people at a lunch of the business and the architecture of the counter beckons other building. In some instances, it maybe hungry shoppers as appropriate to have all four kinds of sign effectively as more f mess gee, traditional signage. Window displays arc another kind of j . business sign. Well de.,:gned window • j e displays which are aimed at eye-level usually catch the eye of Most businesses incorporate text signs as pedestrian shoppers. Part of their advertising. Text sign have © The chairs wid lamps letter messages which spell out what kind of in the windows of a business is inside. The message maybe furniture store are a ! ! • comp oted of single letters or letters applied - _ LJ typical and highly to a panel. Text signs clarify the type of U0 [::3 C7 l~ r= effective window business conducted in a shop and are display. probtbly the most common type of sign rn, sage. 4: • ,w u J z.;.:~M Y ( Tr * p " ir'x Z '4i w +~ti'i,'(~r~ t r Y,~.~•.~ 1 C. ron d R C O~II~t~.... A.F ,i r A;.~"t ~ L!: , `V• . '.44+1. ,.ZM.x.r^• . ::Y 5 w i.Yt1 ,MaF`n.~K~litiN M~ ~W 1•,. Sign Location, Size and Position helped differentiate the major activity at Different building types require different ground level from the approaches to commercial signage. Overall, upper stories of a the most effective and attractive signs are building. If this those that appear to be an integral part of the primary sign location building's architecture. is not present or is r MZNM kY P"AYMA covered with an MNIARY SIGN AUA The best area for signs will be those places awning, the area just o tin ao which contain continuous flat surfaces that below the second are void of windows, doors or other floor window is an architectural details. For many older appropriate secondary ° 00 structures the most appropriate places for sign location. signs will be on lintel strips above storefronts it is important with both of these sign or on transom panels above display locations to work within the architectural windows, framework of the building; do not obscure columns or details with the sign. I , It is also important to remember a sign not only impacts the building, but can detract or add to the image ofihc entae block. Signs that are similar in size and mounted at the same location and height create a harmonious line of signs, thus improving readability. For newer buildings, continuous areas of Window/Door Signs stucco or masonry which are immediately above the top of the storell ont offer the best in addition to the signable area of a building, possibilities. The size of the a signable areas windows and doors may be available for should help determine the size of the sign appropriate signage. Signs maybe placed on and its lettering, the interior side of a window by painting, silk screening, or applying vinyl letters. They When signs are too large or poorly placed may also be hung or stand separately. It is • they may cover up architectural details which important not to obscure too much display i help give a building interest and character. area with these signs. A door is an Signs should be placed on buildings so that appropriate place for a sign which includes architectural details are not hidden. the business' name, address and hours of operation. Traditional Signable Areas ` • • Awnings Historically, most buildings had signable areas located above the first floor transom Awnings are good locations for additional area of the storefront, a transitional area that signage. The fringe is a logical location for text type signs. The end and top are HEIM, E { • 0 : ! m'...~~Y .~.31fe.7~~»..r;:'s k~-Zf,C,1t.•ri'7's~~r j! , appropriate locations for logos or graphics Simple geometric letter shapes are easier to that need more space. read than more ornate and complex shapes. Sign Effectiveness San3 serif letter styles are easy A sign serves as a nameplate for a business, SERIF Although it should be highly visible and legible, git does not need Tparticularly large or flashy, ashy. The sign sign will be much m more lar ch SANS SERIF' effective if it has the appropriate details and a proper location. Accuracy and precision in to read because they have simple geometric the fabrication and installation are essential, shapes, but many serif typestyles are also easy to read. Serif lettering usually adds 0 Sign Message Readability design interest to a ON it is most compatible with historic structures, and it is The most important point in designing a appropriately used with traditional sigaage sign's message is to keep it simple. Too materials. Sans serif styles are simpler and many pieces of information will clutter the crisper than sign and confuse the viewer. The best signs incorporate the fewest words posble nate and RiT E perhaps a picture or ~.ymbol to or create a LADABL strong visual identity which is easily understood in just a glance. Avoid listing J every product sold, Shape serif styles and they work well with modern materials and architecture. Script lettering is The shape of the sign also affects readability, more difficult to read than printed lettering A sign which has a simple geometric shape and its use should be limited to the creation such as a square, circle, rectangle or oval is o£a special effect. A combination of easier to read than one which has a complex typefaces may be used to accent different shape because the shape of the sign does not portions of the sign message; however, the compete with the architectural elements of a number of different typefaces should be building. They can reflect arched doorways, limited to increase readability. • rectangular windows, linear cornices and signabl0 area-, For long messages, only the first letter of l i each word should be capitalized. Although f Typeface capital letters are more easily recognized than lower case letters, they tend to be Many styles of type are available. Letter confusing when read as p1mues or sentences. t • styles which are compatible with the Readers will quickly recognize the first letter • • ti building's architectural style and the business of each word followed by the lower case image should be selected. letters. I ~ h ~ ~ renal r ~ l ~ ,r • r 1 1 ~ li • • t- o - y',i f. +zs x a~ kzva v ix5 c y.. M.~ f xt J^ r [ r f'a Y;i 3'kn .y`rs ' i Proportion and Balance Proportion and bal, nce within the sign and on the building work together to create a well-designed sign. The viewer needs to be able to comprehend the individual letters and j geo:netrie shapes and tic the shape together WELL S PACED into a message. When the letters are too close together or too far apart, the sign message does not communicate effectively. O v F R S FA =ED Careful spacing of letters and words is also I P-1 important in determining the legibility of a sign. Letters with serifs need more room Tao than sans serif. To avoid a cluttered appearance, no more than 75% of the total sign-panel area should be occupied by letters. c.sa rno G1 tvss srs _ Appropriateness to Business There should also be a balance between the sign and the building. This creates visual It is important that a sign project the harmony among the buildings along an entire character of the business it advertises. If a block face. When signs overpower an business is selling high technology products, individual building or a block face, they then the sign should reflect this modern become visually disruptive and inappropriate. image. Conservative, traditional businesses An oversized sign will dwarf a building and can be expressed through classic sign types an undersized sign will become invisible and lettering. against a large building. It is difficult to determine hard and fast rules regarding sip,ns , C and placement of lettering; however, some 1 general guidelines are helpful in a pedestrian • environment: Color for Signs For a window sign, s'nc inch letters are usually effective at a six foot height. Flat Color selection is one of the most crucial signs are gc nerally ten to fourteen feet above aspects of successful sign design. Decause a tl sidewalk. As a genual rule, the sign should complement rather than clash • r, cimum height of a capital le ter should be with its surround!ngs, colors should be • • three fourths of the height of the sign compati`,!e with the exterior colors ofa ba:.kgrou, d. For tno~t lintel si&ts, cight to rtorefrwa and the entire Wildnig. The color fifteen inch letters are su Ticiently large and scheme should be simple, with the selection most appropriate. of colors forming a family of tones. It is 3nk . ter- rY-----~ r • 0 c-c a,Y7 x.~ r177~h'f7'r~a~~o()c2 taNQ~l~(J~!; rarely necessary to'uso more than two or and longevity. A 15% increase in material three colors in a sign. Combinations of cost can extend the life of a sign by So% or primary or day-glow colors should be more. Quality materials will also reduce the avoided. yearly maintenance on a sign. A knowledgeable sign maker can recommend The contrast of colors influence sign specific products or materials that will legibility, Light letters on a dark background increase a sign's life expectancy. are generally easier to read than dark colors Using genuine materials such as real wood on a light background letters instead of fake wood grain plastic or an illuminated ones will enhance the quality appearance ors, panel. Glossy sign. 0 backgrounds produce FDAPI glare, reduce legibility Sign Lighting and should not be used. A matte or flat Well-designed lighting should attract people background is less distracting than a glossy to the sign, the building, and the displays in background. its windows. With the exception of some neon applications, the lighting system should Different colors can also represent different be secondary to the sign ad should be moods and messages. Darker colors appear inconspicuous on the facade, more dignified and formal; light colors reflect freshness and informality, bright colors External illumination should be provided by a denote excitement. The use of shading, continuous light source that is installed to outlining or borders on a sign should not prevent light from shining directly onto the decrease the sign's legibility. Ornamentation street or adjacent properties. Flashing or should not obscure the message. Usually, a moving lights are not permitted by the City pedestrian reading the sign at eye level is the sign ordinance. onlY one who can appreciate these details. The light source selected may be Sign Malerials incandescent or fluorescent, but it should emit white light. Spot, track overhanging or Simple sign materials should complement the wall lamps are cell acceptable fight sources, textures and finishes of a building's facade. High intensity light sources often produce Modern, mass-produced plastic signs are excessive glare and should be avoided. difficult to integrate into an older building's facade. Materials similar to those used at the The use of internally illuminated signs (back- time the building was constructed should be lit plastic) is discouraged. These signs are used. These materials will enhance the often stock designs which are incompatible overall composition of the building. With the character of commercial buildings in • • • T` a use of the highest quality materials the downtown core arcs. available is especially important if the sign Must weatheriheoutdoors. Thouseofhigh quality materials results in greater durability 1Petc l,f nt`~ rr,: ~ , k -gr Indirect -lighting Is Well designed neon signs can be compatible achieved by placing a!h certain storefronts, especially those fixtures on the front of d, igned in the 1930s and 1940s. Neon is an the building, either energy above or below the sign, c f efficient light The fixtures should be ~t ~14source; it can shielded to prevent glare rMOW r°1' be used at a on the street and vary low level sidewalk, but should 1 of intensity and still be very visible. Neon is still cast light on both available in a limited number of colors so it is the sign and part of the important to use it in a manner appropriate facade. With this to the building's design and color schemes. J method of lighting, the Since a neon sign's legibility comes from the i sign is illuminated as illumination and brightness of the message part of the total building alone, Owe is no need to use a background face. panel. j i • i • • % t , . AIV SY hh' FJ f L tiY L~~,, i. J;I{YYY/ r tiY )Y • .i I~u ii)` i {->:.ti.1.~'.~~,1° z t s c Property Appearance Guidelines Downtown Core Area City of Denton, Texas ~ 11 t , t s ~ • Downtown Core Area SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES Orientation This section of the Property Appearance Guidelines is specifically for the downtown Most existing buildings in the downtown core area. This area, which constitutes the core area are oriented toward the adjacent or original commercial core of Denton, includes nearest street. the area bounded by Carroll Boulevard on The primary orientation of new structures the west, Avenue to the cast and St, on the north, should be toward the adjacent street. 13 ell the Avenue the east Sycamore St. # Building on sites which adjoin two or the south. Please refer to the map provided d more streets should acknowledge or address in the Appendix for a graphic representation all adjacent streets. of this area • New construction that is oriented toward A large percentage of the structures in the the interior of a site or a secondary street is discouraged. ~ downtown core area have historic significance, and this unique urban character Setbacks should be maintained and encouraged to develop whcnuver possible. This area is also In the downtown core area there is usually largely pedestrian-oriented, and should little or no setback from the front property remain focused on people walking rather line. This is also true of side setbacks, with than the automobile. buildings usually touching or almost touching. The rear setbacks vary according This portion of the guidelines is divided into to the lot and building depth. i five sections: . provide New structures built to the front and side SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES p property lines are preferred. general information about vacant land or public spaces. TMiy . BUILDING DESIGN GUIDELINES s' provide specific information for new construction projects. 111 111 i t BUILDING RENOVATION 111 111 I kkk rtes GUIDELINES are for existing structures. t Ilk • . SIGN DESIGN GUIDELINES include If recommended sign types for both new pvt rlgt lc construction and renovation, as well as defining inappropriate examples. . BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND P 'PAIR offers f Tactical suggestions on how to protect your investment. • • t sr ANN 0 f :"a"te .to.rn"! ~4 &I l Spacing • The type offixturtz selected should be as For the most part, the facades of commercial compatible as possible with buildings in the downtown core area form a the period of history when wall o; continuous buildings, which is typical electrical fighting was of historic downtowns, originally installed- • Fixtures predating the $ g original installation of nn electrical supply to the site Ij $ $ should be avoided. Carriage n lamps and gaslights are I-J Q' examples of inappropriate 0 0 0 furtures. . New building development should continue the existing building spacing. # Although security is a content, care Buildings which break the wet of facades or should be taken to not over light or flood the create voids or spaces are discouraged. site with light. • An average illumination level of 1.5 to 2 Parking foot-candles is preferred, although spoci8c site conditions may warrant different light Parking for the dow town core area is levels. usually located on the street or in private lots. There are two public parking lots: Site Furnishings Williams Trade Square, just east of the Courthouse Square on Hickory Street, and Site amenities include benches, trash Carroll Courts Building lots on the north and receptacles, and bicycle racks, south side of Mulberry Street cast of the Courthouse Square. s The provision of site furnishings appropriate to the type and size of businesses s To supplement on-street parking, new in the downtown core area is strongly construction is encouraged to provide encouraged. Parking behind buildings, out of view from the strut. Open Space and Landscaping Lighting Open spaces in downtown Denton include areas used for pedestrian and vehicular Care should be 'aken to ensure a balance circulatiun, parking, stormwater detention, between aesthetics and functionality when or simaiy for aesthetic enjoyment. Among cxterior lighting is planned for new otb:;r things, landscaping can be used in open ti • construction or tb, renovation of an hisn,rir. areas to provide shade and enclosure, screen • property, or frame views, direct circulation, or establish a comfortable same of scale. i i i + Where open space is available in the Canopies downtown core area (generally to the rear of properties), at least 206 must be devoted to Due to historic landscape plantings. precedent and s Landscaping F'iould be used in conjunction f functional with fences to srxcen parking lots, dumpsters considerations, the and service areas. For security reasons, a , incorporation of screening height around parking areas should ; continuous canopies be relatively low. for all new structures + The installation of native canopy trees is in the commercial area encouraged in open space areas. is encouraged. + Freestanding planters and hanging plant • Canopies should be constructed of containers are encouraged where permanent permanent material, such as sheetmetal over plant beds are impractical wood, or steel frame. Outdoor Display Color + Permanent merchandise displays outside of color has one of the strongest visual effects a building are not encouraged, and may be of all the elements discussed in these prohibited by code. guidelines. Taste or preference in color + When using the varies widely from person to person and sidewalk for display, from period to period, Consequently, color j merchandise should be is one of the most changing elements of a placed so as not to building or area over time. restrict pedestrian circulation. + Although careful consideration should be I given to the selection of colors and their compatibility with surrounding buildings, BUILDING DESIGN GUIDELINES more latitude can be given in the use ofthis design element to reinforce the variety and diversity of Building h7 ateriels the area. New development should not try to match t Brick is the predominant building material in or copy the color schemes of adjacent the downtown core area. Native stone was buildings, which could lead to an overly- • also occasionally used. • Traditional, ,lliigght or muted colors with a • New construction should use materials pastel or earthtone hue are generally similar to the predominant materials of preferred. The use of very bright, florescent, ing buildings. or day-glow colon is discouraged neighbor . + Masonry construction is recommended in • the downtown core area. Windows and Storefronts • • • Materials which imitate other marerials or Buildings in the downtown core area appear to be som:.lhing they nre not are typically have storefronts consisting of clear discouraged. `I: • i 0 glass held in place • Buildings which have little or no detailing Mith a frame and and therefore present a plain blank facade are BR IA resting on a low wall. discouraged, The glass storefront allows pedestrians to Doors view the interior of the building and is • A building's primary door and entrance often used to display should be located in the principal facade of i goods or services offered by businesses the building and open on to the sidewalk occupying the building. • Primary entry doors 1 that are at the rear of I I ~ I ~ I ~ • New structures should maintain the the building and are U ILIf fLll IUI established character by continuing the use not visible from the of glass storefionts, street are discouraged. • The materials used to construct the However, secondary i storefronts, window frames and door frames rear entrances are should be consistent throughout the building. encouraged. - fE • Storefronts constructed of materials which hide the interior (including darkly tinted or Roofs reflective glass) are discouraged. • Vacant storefronts should not be left The lack of a visible roof is characteristic of empty, but should be used to display builling buildings in the downtown we arm rental information, building renovation plans, community events or other similar • Gene; ally, new structures should maintain information. The display should screen from the existing character of hidden roofs, vices the vacant space behind the window. • When a building has multiple storefronts, BUILDING RENOVATION the design and construction should be GUIDELINES consistent throughout. • The side or rear facades of a building The recommendations presented below should be constructed of the same materials should be used together with the Secretary as the front, Although the front facade of the Interior's guidelines (included in the should be given special treatment, elements appendix) when decisions are made such as windows, architectural detail and regarding renovations to an existing building. color should be consistent throughout the building. Relocation • Completely blank facades are discouraged for any side ofa building. • Generally, buildings should be left in their Architectural Details original location • Relocation should only be considered if a ` • • • • New structures should exhibit details of building is threatened on its oriSM site, or design which are appropriate to the materials renovation and continued use is prolu'bited by its current location. and components used. • If relocation is necessary, the new location should not change the oontem in which the page l ~ ~~x ~ _ • c 1 • D~.r!rdltiPin~~i~Pl~aca~i'G_utAr7r. ~ building originally existed. For example, a Handicapped Access comercial building should not be moved to All building ren.,vations should provide for a residential neighborhood. • The original building orientation with handicapped access. respect to the adjacent street or streets, the • On all historic points of a compass, or surrounding structures, the access buildings should be maintained whenever should be located so possible, that it does not detract from the original Historic Period of Renovation character of the building. Careful research should be done to determine the various configurations of abuilding Additions through history and when specific changes were made. Based on this research, the most • Additions to historic and non-historic important architectural period can be structures do not have to exactly copy the j determined and considering the current use original, but they should be compatible in and requirements, a logical decision can be design and construction. made as to which configuration or historical • The original structure should not be period the building will be "restored". overwhelmed or dominated by the addition. • Significant original features of the or model is structure should not be hidden or obscured. Once the speei6c period • selected it should be consistently used as a guide in making individual renovation Foundations decisions. • The mixing of building components from The typical historic commercial building different periods should be avoided. existing today in the dowltown core area { was constructed with continuous masonry or Compatible Use concrete foundation walls. 1Vell-designed buildings generally have • Additions to e)dstingbuildings should compatible uses beyond then original maintain the original type of foundation in t function. the new construction. • • When the use of a building is changed Siding from the original, care should be taken to I , select a n:w use which the building can • The repair or replacement of wood aiding I easily accommodate. should match the size, shape and pattern of • Incompatible uses for existing buildings the original aiding. Historic buildings usually requ ire extensive modification and originally covered with wood should not be ' • are discouraged. covered in stucco' • • • The use of viayi of almstinum siding is strongly discouraged because it seldom matches the original wood size and shape. Such inatallariom usually require destruction . Y i • 0 y , of original architectural ornament and • If a historic door must be replaced, the frequently cause deterioration of the wood new door must match the design and structure due to moisture retention, construction of the original. • Generally, painting unpainted masonry is • Wooden doors should not be replaced discouraged, The exception is concrete with metal doors. block, which was historically painted. • Doors should be glazed with glass • If paint is to be removed, the gentlest matching the original as much as possible, means possible should be used. Sand blasting and high pressure water methods are Roofs discouraged. A the, ical stripper compatible with the brick and mortar should be used, Although most of the commercial bui[ldings together with a low pressure wash, in the downtown core area were constructed ; O • The use of stucco, wood or other siding with roofs concealed behind parapet walls, a materials on masonry buildings has no few remain where the roof is visible. historical precedent and is discouraged. • If visible, the type and shape ofa Windows building's roof should not be changed. • Modem aluminum, canvas and mansard The type, arrangement, size and construction roofs are discouraged on historic build; oa, of windows in a building in one of the most If previousty applied, they should be %Vjaced important elements contributing to its whenever possible. character. • Additions to historic buildings shout match the type and shape of the original • Since the window type is important in roof, establishing and determining the historic style • Historic buildings should be re-roofed in of a building, it should not be changed from the original roofing material whenever the original, possible. • In the case of an addition to a historic structure, the windows should be of a Entrances compatible, but not necessarily identical, type. • The original design of a historic building's • Wooden Nvindows should not be replaced crtrana should not be modified, but with meal w ndows. maintained. • Windows should be glazed with glass • If renovation ofa historic building's thatching the, original as much as possible. entrance is required, the original location, • Odd or unbalanced window patterns on design and materials should be used 1 the facade of a building should be avoided. • Non-historic buiding entrances can be given more latitude in renovation, ahhough Doors the original location should be maintained. Although not as numerous or as important es Canopies ti • • windows, doors also help establ sh the character of a building. Canopies were common on commercial structures in the dotvrtown core area. ~u8a~i8s~.n~~" :a tk i .r NrF~a. acs. ~°ard.+tKC.flre154... Providing sheltet from the sun and rain, they • On historical buildings, original details invited potential customers to linger under should be retained or, if missing, replaced their cover and window shop, with details matching the original design. • Details not original to thebuilding should • The original design / not be added. The addition of inappropriate and construction of All details tends to confuse the public and canopies should be diminish the authenticity of historic maintained, and if structures. previously replaced, they • If a building had little or no architectural should be returned to the details originally, it should rennin original design. New ° o unadorned. The lack of details may be an canopies should not t important part of the building's history and attempt to cover more of / character. the facade than the • Although more latitude is allowable on i original. non-historic buildings, the addition of • Canopies on non-historic buildings should architectural details should always be be similar in design to their historic carefully considered and carried out with neighbors. restraint. • All canopies should be constructed of f permanent materials. Color Awnings • The colors selected for the renovation of a historic building should be based on actual . The use of canvas historic colors for the building (as awnings is encouraged determined through historic documents and whenever appropriate. physical samples), or according to typical s Awnings should serve a colors for the historical period selected for functional purpose and / renovation. should not be used simply /l • The primary concerns when selecting as architectural ornament. colors for a non-historic building should be • Awnings should not be used to replace related to achieving a pleasing combination { original canopies on commercial structures. of colors and assuring compatibility with • On historic buildings, the awnings should neighboring buildings. be similar in design to those used when the building was constructed. Equipment Architectural Details new necessities of modern life often have little or no historical precedent. Careful research of old Consequently, they can easily become an photograph,` and physical intrusive and detracting element in a historic • • f evidence from buildings are renovation, diminishing the authentic thcs best means to determine character of the building. the design acid placement of l__' original details. • y 0 • Modem equipment installed on or adjacent • AwalI sign should not project more than to historic buildings should be located away twelve inches from any building surface. from public view as much as possible. • When this is not possible, the equipment should be screened from view with landscaping, fences or walls. SM. I M. • General) these 1W°"' Generally, equipment guidelines r-F0y~,Ia,;,, should be applied to non-historic structures NANCY'S PHOTO as well. Don cm obuv u SIGN DESIGN GUIDELINES 0 Recommended sign types p p The following sign types are recommended for the downtown core area. The represent a variety of styles that allow for hexibility and individual expression, yet if properly • Signs should not obscure architectural executed, will reduce visual clutter and details of the building to which they are become a unifying element throughout the attached, area, • Signs should be irvalled in the signable area of the building Acaoe. The intent is not to limit the ability to • A wall sign eannoo extend beyond the end advertise a business, but rather to present a of the wal! to which it is attached. framework that encourages continuity and recognizes the impact each individual sign Projecting Signs has on the w!Ve community. Studies have shown that people prefer to patronize Hung perpendicular to the building face, commercial establishments which do not projecting signs are highly visible artd can be visually assault them with numerous signs of an extremely effective method ofident4ing various sizes and heights or other gaudy a bus'mess. Because of their high visibility, } visual devices, projecting signs have perhaps the greatest potential to enhance or detract from the • Plat or Wall Signs character of the downtown core area These signs include any permanent sign that • Projecting sans which symbolize the is attached to or erected parallel to the fscc service offered and are scaled for pedestrians of a building. Wall signs or flat signs include are encouraged in the downtown core area individual letters thrst have been applied to • Decorative brackets maybe used, but they ti • the building face or signboard panel, should complement, not overwhelm their • • Regardless of the type of wall sign chosen, it signs. should adhere to these guidelines: • The lines of the brackets should harmonic with the shape of the sign (as well as being. capable of supporting the sign). i 0 • • P fvq AoPrer~! ifP~ i `ar° ~u nes T M: R_ & AVA R Canopy Signs • Directory signs should not cover architectural features, or exceed the • Canopy signs are encouraged in the allowable area requirements. They should be downtown core area. mounted flush with the wall. • All directory signs should be of the highest quality, with engraved, painted or vinyl lettering applied to a permanent material. _ COpr ' ~~iv - _ Moveable Signboards • If and when allowed, sign boards should ❑ not block pedestrian circulation routes or t other signage. • These signs should be professionallyY constructed arid . Recommended canopy signs are of several finished to the l~S types: sign panels or individual letters which highest quality. are attached to the vertical face of a canopy', freestanding letters which rest on a canopy's Memorial Signs upper edge; or panels which are suspended from the underside ofa canopy. • Memorial or date of construction signs are encouraged and should be designed and Window/Door Signs located to be compatible with the building's architecture. Any sign that is painted, gold-leafed or attached on the glass area of a door or Painted Signs on a Building Surrace window is included in this category. A permanent sign hanging in a window is also • The renovation of historic advertising defined as a window/door sign. painted directly on building surfaces is encouraged, along with creation of large- Window Signs (permanent and temporary) scale murals as a form of public an. Should not exceed the allowable quantity or • All wall signs and murals should be glass area coverage requirements for a professionally applied or restored, • window or storefront. • Painted or gold-leaf signs which are Inappropriate Signs professionally installed are recommended to ' convey a traditional, quality appearance. Inappropriate signs encompass a category of signs that are deemed inconsistent with the Directory Signs image bang developed for the downtown • s •n rM core area Elements of their design • O A directory sign is one raw" aw& itf it" (proportion, size, character, illumini'ion ~ that !isis the name end "NKLLhASSAJ u etc.)areconsideredinoompatible,*Ni,hthe location of occupants in Wr"+ TM• !b style and character these guidelines seek to i,nrPar fa a multi-tenant building, achieve I • ep g}~1 ~y~ 0 Free - Standing Trademark Signs Signs Thwe signs show registered trademarks and h • With few exceptions, COr, notable advertise products such as Pepsi or NAPA istor signs on poles or signs • Trademark signs which do not represent supported by ~M the principal products sold or services structures other than ,.f"r~ias conducted on the premises are discouraged. the buildings are re•+ discouraged in the Obsolete Signs downtown core area, • Obsolete signs which advertise or relate to O Roof Signs a business no longer on the premises are Q, prohibited. Signs that are erected s ~m entirely upon or over the roof of abuilding BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND and are supported REPAIR solely on the roof 0 o structure are Use these regularly scheduled maintenance prohibited. procedures to preserve historic building Internally Illuminated Signs materials: • These plastic faced signs with an internal Maintenance of Streets and Sidewalks light source are strongly discouraged, . Clean debris from sidewalks, especially where site drainage may be affected. Banner Signs - r Clean garbage around dumpsters. • Permanent banners Property owners are responsible for from any structure iR~ tttl►ttAe keeping the sidewalk clean hung f are prohibited. Afaintenaate of Upper Story Windows Temporary banners are t acceptable for the . Wash upper story windows. permitted time only.. - l i . Clear debris from upper story windows. Repair shades or curtains in upper story Billboards and 01'r-Premise Signs windows or replace with new. Re-glaze loose glass. This will reduoo air • Billboards or signs located on premises leaks. other than those of the business they identify . Install weather-stripping. This will enhance ire prohibited. • • a energy conservation significantly. Port able Signs • Replace broken glass. Remember to duplicate original pattern Poitable or trailer signs are prohibited 'T TT' • r r• ' c , Maintenance of Storefronts Repaint faded graphics. Repair worn wiring. • Wash display windows Replace burned out bulbs. • Repair damaged kickplates. Remove obsolete signs. • Re-caulk display windows to reduce air Preserve historic painted signs in place as infiltration. decorative features. • Install weather-stripping around doors. • Repaint mortar where necessary. Use the Energy Conservation proper procedure for repointing, matching the color, texture and detailing of the original It is not necessary to remove existing glass masonry, (More information on this subject to install thermopane to realize energy available through the National Park Service's savings. Generally, the problem is that older Preservation Brief series.) glass has dried and the glazing compound around it has shrunk, which allows air to leak Maintenance of Roofs around the glass. . Clean debris from gutters and downspouts The best strategy is to reglaze the wdsting to prevent the backing up of water. glass (applying tirl oil before glazing if • Patch leaks in the roof. This should be a wood is dry) and add weather-stripping. For high priority for building maintenance. upstairs windows you may consider installing • Replace deteriorated flashing. storrn windows to achieve the effect of • Repoint eroded mortar in the parapet wall, thermal glazing. Be certain that the frame using an appropriate mortar mix, styles of the storm windows match those of Re-solder downspout connections to the original windows. prevent water from leaking into walls, If possible, connect downspouts to Other energy conservation tips include: underground sewers. Do not allow water to disperse at the foundation of a building. This • Re-glaze all loose glass. water may cause damage to the foundation. • Weather-strip doors and windows. Install destratification fans to circulate air, Maintenance of Awnings and Canopies • Install insulation in the attic, - Consider installing insulation in the crawl • Repair (taking downspouts from metal space or basement. • canopies. • Existing windows, if properly caulked and Replace worn fabric awnings. weather-stripped, will provide adequate 1 • Re-securc loose awning hardware. insuletion, a Wash fabric awnings regularly. This will . Most energy loss is through infiltration, help extend the life of the fabric. Spray with which can be treated in tha existing window, 'i water from the underside first, to lift dirt . If a greater degree of insulation is desired, particles, then rinse them off install a storm window. This will provide it • greater air space, which will also reduce Maintenance of Signs sound transmission. , . Re-secure sign mounts to the building front. 11-11 IN =1 to 71 • Property Appearance Guidelines Appendix i City of Denton, Texas , !I • • DEFINITIONS OF PRESERVATION TREATMENTS Preservation Sustaining the existing form, integrity, and material of a building or structure. It may include initial stabilization work as well as ongoing maintenance of the historic building materials. Adaptive Reuse The process of converting a building to a use other than that for which the building was originally designed. Protection Defending or guarding a property from deterioration, loss or attack, or to cover or shield the property from danger or injury. In the case of buildings and structures, such treatment is of a temporary nature and anticipates fixture historic preservation treatment. Stabilization Reestablishing the structural stability of an unsafe or deteriorated property while maintaining the essential form as it exists at the present. Renovation Quick and easy solutions to updating a building, Most 'preservation' projects are actually renovations. When a building is renovated, the usefulness and appearance of the building is enhanced. While the basic character and significant details are respected and preserved, some sympathetic alterations (that are not necessarily historically accurate) may occur. Alterations should be reversible in the event future owners wish to restore the building to its original design. E Rehabilitation Tho next level of preservation. Most 'tax act' projects are rehabilitations. Rehabilitation is the process of returning a property to a state which makes a contemporary use possible, white still preserving those portions or features of the property which are significant to its historic, architectural and cultural values. Rehabilitations may include the adaptive re-use of the building, and major or minor additions may also occur. Restoration • Restoration reproduces the appearance of a building exactly as it looked at a particular moment in time; r reproduce a pure style, either interior or exte%i This process may include a removal of later work or ire replacement of missing historic features. Use,, restoration approach for missing details or features of a historic building when the features are determined to be particularly significant to the character of the structure, and when the original configuration is accurately and adequately documented. L. • • • Reconstruction ~ Rcconstniction is the process of reproducing by new construction the exact form and detail of a vanished building, structure, or object as it appeared at a specific period of time. . l O GLOSSARY OFARCHITECTURAL FASCIA: A horizontal band of vertical face TERMS trim. FREESTANDING SIGN: A detached sign BASE: The lowest part ofa building; the lowest which is supported by one of more columns, pan of a column. uprights or braces extended from the ground or from an object on the ground, or a detached sign BALUSTRADE: A railing or low wall which is erected on the ground. consisting of a handrail on balusters (small supporting posts) and a base raiL GABLE: The triangular wall enclosed by the sloping ends of a ridged roof. CAP; The top member of a column or pilaster. O HOOD MOLDING: A projecting molding CLERESTORY: An upper zone of wall aroutrd the top of a doorway or window to pierced with windows that admit light into a throw off the rain. large room. INDIRECT LIGHTING: Light only from a CONTEXT: The surrounding environment of a concealed.light source. outside the sign face building or site, including other structures, site which reflects from the sign face. features, landscape and streets, rO'ERNAL ILLUMINATION: A light from COPING: A capping to a wall or parapet. a source concealed or contained within the sign, and which becomes visible through a translucent CORBEL: A bracket of stone, wood, or metal surface. projecting from the side of a wall and serving to support a comice, the spring of an arch, a KICKPLATE: A solid panel beneath a balustrade or other element. storefront display window, CORNICE: A projected ornamental molding LANDMARK: A prominent building or feature along the top of a building crowning it. officially designated as having special status and protection. DORMER: A window sct upright in a sloping roof; the roofed projection in which this window LATTICE: An openwork screen or grill made is set. of interlocking or overlapping strips. • ELEVATION: A "head-on" drawing of a LINTEL: A horizontal beam spanning an building fagade or object, vAthout any allowance openin& for perspective. An elevation drawing will be in a fixed proportion to the measurement on the LUMINAIRE: A lighting unit; the housing for actual building. a light bulb, used for exterior Eghfirg. FACADE: A face of a building, usually the MOLDING: A shaped strip of wood, metal, front. brick, etc., usually mounted horizontally, and used as ornament on a surface o€a structure. i ~i r • r: r MOTIF: An element in a composition, a REMODEL: To remake; to make over. In a principal repeated element in design, remodeling, the appearance is changed by removing original detail and altering spaces. MONUMENT SIGN: A free-standing sign, New materials and forms are installed. Applying generally low to the ground with a continuous a "modem" front to an older building is an connection to the ground, as opposed to being example of remodeling. Often, these changes supported on a pole. c not reversible, PARAPET: Either the edge of the roof or the RESTORE: To bring back to previous top of a wall which forms the top he of the condition. In a restoration an earlier appearance building silhouette. of the building is recreated, both in form and detail. Original elements that have been covered t PORTICO: A porch or covered walk are exposed, and missing pieces replaced with consisting of a roof supported by columns; a new ones that match the original. colonnaded parch. SHAFT: The main portion of a column, PRESERVE: To keep in perfect or unaltered between the base and capital. condition. Preservation usually included the overall form of the building, its structural SILL: The horizontal bottom member of a system, aril finishes, as well as any decorative window or door frame. details. Landscaping materials may also be preserved. Note that preservation of a structure STABILIZE: To make resistant to change in may include keeping alterations and additions condition. A building is usually stabilized to that have become important. retard deterioration until it can be repaired A weather-resistant closure, and a We structural RECONSTRUCT: To create again. A system are minimum stabilization efforts. building, room or detail may be reproduced in its exact detail and appearance as it once existed. STRING COURSE: A thin projected Accurate reconstruction requires good evidence horizontal strip of masonry on the fapade of a of the original design. One approach to building, construction includes using the same construction methods as were used originally, TERRA COTTA: A ceramic material molded whereas a second approach allows the use of decoratively and often glazed, used as a facing substitute methods and materials, so long as they for buildings or as an inset ornament. • achieve the samb visual effect as the original. TRANSOM: A horizontal cross bar in a REHABILITATE: To return to useful fife. window, over a door or between a door and Rehabilitation is the process of returning a window above it. Also refers to a window property to a state of utility, through repair or above a door or other window built and often alteration, which makes possible an efficient hinged to a transom. • • • contemporary use while preserving those portions and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architectural and cultural values. • O PROPERTIES WITH HISTORIC LANDMARK DESIGNATION As of January 1, 1997 DESIGNATION DESIGNATION ADDRESS OF DESIGNATED PROPERTY NUMBER DATE H-1 9102180 123 North Elm Street H-4 1/07181 607 Pearl H-5 1/07/81 609 West Oak Street H-6 1107/81 722 West Oak Street H-7 1107181 705 West Oak Street c~ H-8 1107181 811 West Oak Street H-9 1/07/81 723 West Oak Street H-10 1/07/81 812 West Oak Street H-11 1107/81 1003 West Oak Street H-12 1107/81 1023 West Oak Street H-13 1/07/81 1015 West Oak Street H-14 2/17/81 610 West Oak Street H-15 2/17/81 1819 North Bell Avenue H-16 2117181 818 West Oak Street H-17 4107/81 819 West Oak Street 11-18 4/07/81 101.103 North Elm Street H-19 6/16/81 119 West Hickory Street H-21 2123182 210 North Locust H-22 2123182 Oakwood Cemetery H-23 2123/82 1314 North Locust H-24 4/20182 Courthouse on the Square H-25 9/07/82 221 N. Elm Street H-26 9121132 1555 Lindsey H-27 8/02183 703 Bolivar • H-28 10104/83 619 Grove H-29 11/15/83 Old Warehouse at the southeast o~.rner of Sol and Hickory 14-30 11/16183 Old DieW Plant at the southwest _ comer of Bell and Hk;kory ~ w. - DESIGNATION DESIGNATION ADDRESS OF DESIGNATED PROPERTY NUMBER DATE H-33 1/15185 217 East Oak Street H35 6110/88 805 Bolivar H38 b/06J87 928 West Hickory H37 9/20/88 118-120 North Locust 91-001 8/20191 305 Mounts Street + There Is no 92-001 I 92-002 3/02/93 915 W. Oak Street € 93001 6/15,193 120 W. Oak Street 93-002 11/16/93 200 W. Hickory Street 94-001 1406(94 1035 W. Oak Street 941002 12406/94 1004 W. Oak Street 944)03 12406194 1018 W. Oak Street 95-001 12(19195 1513 N. Locmt r r E pL, i C { ~ S 7a ti' t ~R. iltit a a.l ~ a,'r 4 .2LLLL~ 't • • 4 THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S in their own right shall be retained and STANDARDS preserved FOR REHABILITATION: 5.Distinctive features, 5nlshes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that These design guidelines are based upon tle charactedze a historic property shall be Secretary of the Interior's Standards for preserved. Rehabilitation. The intended result of establishing standards is to advance the long- 6.Dete4iorated historic features shall be repaired term preservation of historic resources through rather than replaced Where the severity of the preservation of their materials, features and deterioration requires replacement of a characteristics. They apply beyond historic distinctive feature, the new feature shall match buildings to include historic landscapes, sites and the rid in design, color, texture, and other visual environments. The standards should be referred qualities and, where possible, materials. to by the property owner and developer during Replacement of missing features shall be the drafting of rehabilitation plans. If a property substantiated by documentary, physical, or owner wishes to take advantage of the federal pictorial evidence. tax incentive program, the local Historic preservation Officer can provide details on 7.Chemical or physical treatments, such as eligibility for the federal tax credits. sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning The following Standards are to be applied to of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken specific rehabilitation projects in a reasonable using the gentlest means possible. manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility. a. Significant archeological resources affected by a proect shall be protected and preserved, If LA property shall be used for its historic such resources must be disturbed, mitigation purpose or be placed in a new use that requires measures shall be undertaken. minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment, 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic 2.The historic character of a property shall be materials that characterize the property. The retained and preserved. The removal of historic new work shall be differentiated from the old materials or alteration of features and spaces that and shall be compatible with the massing, size, • characterize a.property shall be avoided. scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its , 3.Each property shall be recognized as a environment. physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that treat, a false sense of historical 10.New additions aryl adjacent. or related new development, such as adding conjectural features construction shall be undertaken in such it L - • • • or architectural elements from other buildings, manner that if removed in the future, the sl all not be undertaken. essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be ' 9. Most properties change over time; those unimpaired. changes that have acquired historic significance . lim • • a"0 nab v r 13 r i IF 0 ~ f l~ ol ~ r O P Q . Downtown Core Area _ i e i Ap~nda Na. ' Agenda Item PLANNING STAFF REPORT Date /D- - DATE: October 61h,1997 TO: City Council Members FROMt David Hip, Planning and Developmenl Dir SUBJECT: OCTOBER f47w. 1991 iVORK SESSION TERGILS The October 14a, 1997 Work Session is ft first in a series of discussions scheduled to produce The Denton Plan as proposed in June 1997. Several activities are being conducted simuUneou0j, keeping in mind the context of the general process illustrated below. The stages of The Denton Plan scheduled for City Council review have been higNighted: + 1 6Mura, >y~rtl~ru Wninl OoW R Oby~otM! 601r P1MM[YYw KAM err.w ApA~ of DOo W"PM [Yw[vr he1YM I ~ [UA La ARM PLANS No w *a rt Mrr,rk AFeE • Syft0k MFr [IK[~r YTATMiY 10OL[ M [rarer I [ADNMA110Mr AM1[RATIDM KA1'1 ~ MM[1111IL1U11[Y4[KYrtAM[ r reI YY+ww[rwonvr [ T[' I W wMOS@ r[E[ Y~rr[ nsLK rAC F"'I vOLUMl/JIrII~C[MTN{rIWWAM~ The Work Session review materlafs have been divided into two groups. + FN first set of documents has been provided to describe to approach intended by city staff regarding Existing Dib and Fomusb. An outline identifies the major steps in producing data in a format amenable to the City's planning efforts, City Council members are asked lo offer any mir cents that -Quid provide further direction to staff es the activities proposed are initiated. The use of cons"t services continues to be egIored as tics most effective method in obtaining forecasts. The second set of docu ments includes a draft VWw SWwwat and a draft Growth Managerrietit Strategy. Pending Council owrrients regarding these items and Oclober 28° Work Session review of the Farming Policies and Public Involvement Prooedixes, staff wlt be prepared to sofidt public review of fie first set of **ton Plan draft products ir! November 1997. It is staffs intent to collect all public comments for submittal to the Ptanr q and Zoning Cornmission, with eventual referral to City Council. The enclosed satiedute also outlines an aggressive sequence of planning activities that W extend into February 1998. Please conW me ff you have any Questions or comments. i s ~ t c : , t r4' r ~~~111",1r4.,.y ~4 • a. S _ F<- mil ~i ; ~ a~ l ~ lxLG.r,!`,~'y.t • s The Denton Plan Draft Existing Conditions September, 1997 Age-d■ No. THE DATA BASE Agenda Item_ S 6- Date AN OUTLINE FOR THE COLLECTION AND USE OF DATA TO IDENTIFY EXISTING CONDITIONS AND CREATE A TOOL FOR USEFUL FORECASTING INTRODUCTION As a prelude to the development of the Denton Plan, an inventory and analysis must be undertaken for the Denton area relative to the people of Denton, their activities and organizations, the land and other natural systems, and the improvements that have been made to the land. Good planning does not begin with an abstract and arbitrary scheme that it seeks to Impose on the community. H begins with a knowledge of existing conditions and opportunities. - Lewis Mumford Reliable irdormation is necessary to: 1) supplement and help to update the City's existing database; 2) provide a basis for projection of potential development trends; 3) identify present and future public facility and service needs and investment thresholds; A) identify opportunities for instituting policy which enhances the future development of the community; and 5) establish measurable benchmarks so that the effectiveness of current city development policies can be evaluated. Collection of this data will be organized and managed by the Department of Planning and Development, aided greatly by other City Departments, other local entities and institutions, and citizens. Two basic elements - people and land - are the foundation upon which a characterization of existing conditions, assessment of current trends and projection of forecasted needs and opportunities are constructed. These data relating to Denton must be placed in a historic (change over time) as well as a regional context (Denton compared to other places). In addition, some data must be compared to generally accepted standards. • Pimple and their activities • demographic characteristics; including • economic and cultural activity. • Land and what has been done. Q,jt • • • the land and other natural environmental systems; and J • human uses and improvement/degradation of the land. Page 1 S IWO Ile • • The Denton Plan Draft Existing Conditions September, 1997 FRAMEWORK The following framework for data collection, use and presentation can be established as an element of the comprehensive planning process. Examples of these elements are attached. 1. DATA COLLECTION: a. Existing demographic data within the City; for example: ► Census and other demographic updates; ► Housing; ► Utility consumption; ► Travel-related; ► Employment and other economic data from a variety of sources. b. Existing land-based data within the City; for example: ► Master plans for Infrastructure and facilities; ► GIS data bases in various departments; ► Action plans for various departments. C. Existing plans and data from other entities and organizations, for example: ► Denton County; ► Denton County Tax Appraisal District; ► Denton Independent School District; ► University of North Texas and Texas Woman's Universities; > North Central Texas Council of Governments. d. Present land use by category, including: residential (single and multi- family), commercial (retail), office (service, industrial, institutional (schools, park lands and culture), and agriculture and conservation areas; Bemuse of the large number of PD and SUP zoned areas, this data may not be a&* us" for plarvting purposes. M Intensive mapping and Inventory Is needed. Time and cost owW be vgnftant • e. Current information on land conditions and other natural environmental systems, for example: ► Watersheds, soil conditions, vegetative cover, wetlands; ► Air, water, noise, and fight pollution information; • 2. DATA ORGANIZE Proper organization Is needed to provide historic and • • regional context and characterize existing conditions In and around Denton, incluJim tRk:es, figures, charts, reaps, and matrices to present as much data as possible in a usable, reader-friendly format. Page 2 • • The Denton Plan Draft Existing Conditions September, 1997 a. Characterization of the people and their actnrities ► Basic demographics, such as population by age, income, household status, home ownership, education, labor force status, commuting pattems; ► Economic structure; ► Cultural facilities and organizations b. Characterization of the land and what has been done to i ► Land use ► Development approvals and status; ► Pa,ks, open spaces, trails and greenways; ► Environmentally and culturally sensitive areas; ► Infrastructure, including streets, drainage, water, wastewater, electric, and solid waste systems; 3. DATA ANALYSIS will be conducted to demonstrate current trends, assess existing and projected needs and opportunities and develop a set of assumptions which provide factors At this point, isolated (multipliers) for forecasting. pieces of basic data a. De~ffiphk , such as household formation, are brought together age structure of the population, school for analysts. Data enrollments, employment and income; category distinctions b. Land us , such as housing, neighborhood such as 'people' revitalization, stabilization or development, and 'land' may development patterns, and urban design trends; become tlurred. C. Environment, such as changes to local and The relationship regional ecosystems; parks and open space between people and needs; air and water quality; noise and light land becomes more pollution; wetland losses; flood plain important in the management; erosion or subsidence incidents; analysis of data, d. Economic Development, such as assessed For example, in the valuation, job diversity and development, earlier data phases income and payroll, origin and destination of population and park Denton workforce, workforce training; lands may be e. Infrastructure Systems, such as transportation, treated separately, transit, water, wastewater, solid waste, electric but to the analysis and drainage; phase these data r f. Public Facif ' i, such as libraries, parks, may be brought recreation centers, and customer service together to create a centers; ratio of population • g. Capital lml2rovements, such as comparison of per acre of park land • • necessary expenditures, resources available and compared to and timing of revenues and costs ; and local expectations h. y1&ra1 Quality, such as major travel corridors, and national historic preservation and urban design areas. standards. Page 3 c _ _ • 1~ oil • • The Denton Plan Draft Existing Conditions September, 1997 4. DATA FORECASTS project the future through the analysis of afemative development scenarios: a. Comparing build-out undercurrent trends to maximum development allowed by Alternative development ' scenarios d are able to zoning; incorporate trends, needs b. Developing alternative forms, such as and assumptions in a way sprawl, fingers, deconcentrated centers, which can demonstrate the concentration and reinvestment and outcome of various policy revitalization centers; decisions through computer C. Developing alternative timing, such as simulations and visual phased infrastructure and other capital presentations. Use of improvements; consultants In this type of analysis provides the most d. Developing 3tternative policies, such as effective use of the City's geo-economic with emphasis on linking resources, allows an jobs and housing, or enviro-cuftural to departments to operate protect community-identified sacred under identical growth places or environmentally fansitive areas assumptions, and reduces from insensitive development; the likelihood of clalms of e, using forecasts of other agencies, such projection bias. as the North Central Texas Council of Governments, the State Comptroner s Office, the Texas Water Development Board, the Texas A&M Data Center, and the Census Bureau as a state and regional framework to develop a level of detail necessary to develop a comprehensive plan for a municipality. 5. DATA FEED9ACK is conducted regularly by using benchmarks and indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the City's implementation strategy in achieving policy objectives and testing the validity of forecasting assumptions. Success in plan implementation, as measured and reported through the use of benchmarks and indicators will also be a useful gauge in determining if the plan is actually being Benchmarks are used to establish carried out measures, standards or targets • a. Environmental standards; against which actions or b. Home ownership rate; development can be evaluated. C. Economic structure; Indicators depict the vital signs of d. Jobs to Worker balance; social, environmental and e, Transportation mode splits; economic trends. • f Infrastructure capacity; These can be ublized in a report ` g. Recreation facilities per capita card format to document on a • h. Vacant and underutilized land; anu regular basis the progress of I. Development to zoning capacity. implemented plans, activities and policies. Page 4 l • - _1--' • ow" mop@ DATA COLLECTION EXAMPLES r 3~ ' • .may ~.u ~~f } . [.^.I',~i.~ rr. {a.4 > ~ i.~. •f9. • • cTTY OF VICTORrA, TMS CpP,rffUm=TY pRCS~''23L7L =Or cm Selected data from the 1990 Census Characteristic¢ of tize '•Populatiosn population by Ade: Population by RaceJEthnicit 0 - 17 16,578 (30%) Rite,not Hisp. 2 ,678 (54%) 18 - 64 32,238 (59%) Hispanic 20,847 (38%) 65•and over 6,260 (11%) Black,not Hisp. 4,147 ( 81) TOTAL 55,076 (100%) Other,not Hisp. 404 ( 1%) Median Age 31.2 TOTAL 55,076 (100%) Family Households: 14,531 (73%) NouFamilY gouaeholds: 5,239 (27%) Married Couples 110598 (80%) Single persou households 4,534 (81%) with children 6,043 (42%) Multi-person households 705(1311) Single Parent 2,934 (20%) with children 1,766 (12%) Persons in Grou arters: Female 1,497 (10%) In institutions 605 w/children 933 ( 6%) Other group quarters 98 T:ncome C2aaractesristies Incomes: Median Mean Persons in Poverty b _ 441 (41%) All Households (258576 $34,179 0 - i7 4867 (48%) Families $30,757 ;38,457 18 - 64 NonFamily HH $13,834 $21,185 65 and over 10,, 27 (11%) Wor]cforc~ Charaetaris;ices Emplo ed Persona 16 and over: 24,073 (44%) Mneeslo ent Rate: Males 13,385 (S6U Females 7.Ot Females 10,668 (44%) TOTAL 6.8% with children 4,712 (20%) Occu ations: Fla to nt: huh to Collar 13,590 (56%) Goods Sectors 6,538 (27%) Blue Collar 10,483 (44%) Service Sectors 17,535 (73%) ~ Educatiorial Atta3.rim8:s'zt't Persons Aae 25 and over: 33,312 Persons A e 16 - 19s 3,326 H.S. Graduate oz GED 70.7% Enro e n school 80.51 4 or more Yrs of College 15.8% Not enrolled 10.9% Not H.S. grad. • Number of Housing. Units: ac 21,793 asetof Structure: , Occupied 19,770 (91t) 15 261 (70%) S nq a Fam Y 2,201 (101) owner 11,488 (58%) 2 to 4 Units Renter S,282 (42%) 5 or more Units 3,220 (15%) Vacant 2,023 ( 9%) Mobile/Other 10111 ( 5%) A a of structures: Median: • Bui t efore 1940 1,450 ( 7%) Value.of Owned Units .$53,700 Built after 1939 20,343 (93%) HousinRecost w/mart. $ 3656 54 Households which a more than 30% of income for8ous~l. units) Owner Occup ed: 1,b08 (1 o Specified Renter occupied 2,913 (38% of specified rented units) • • r r ~ ww.wr e. L ■ I n. I ~ n • ~ ■ wu.-rr.r • ~.ar I all . it Q .••rauww•A AL w.war" ` NA AA 3 T I. • r.•w•wr.w ` _w...._. r ` • M• .rr • ~ • wA u t ~ rawrw ' I ~ rwrar.w w w• p w~rar No~ ~ mm 11 •.I r ' /wwwl 1 1 \ I / wo••rt••• ~ • ti~ ^J .w ri~.ww 1 w ~Owsww woo 11AIll"Iff CITY OF DENTON "1 _ T/ LE- 466 ~~csacrc or ~-ro~var IG•t• r lam' w •r r• ~S • • - - - - 2524 r w a ' M .r ~J r w t r R I r v • r•lT r ^ ~ 7 r , w r ` r • .I ~ t ti • r A • n 1(('1117 r ~ 1 r N I r ^ w p ti I N • O r ~I IP I NITARY w I SEWER • •awcww.wawi o+++~ wwr o~"•' 2408 Hw~u~ror ♦~rrwrr .n~rwn~•.n •w...w.rw.rr ~•rurr~ G ra Yet IIMI/~~ ~~10~I/~Ol•~ i•wnlM . ~14Yf OOp0000 2 4 6 b •M/M/A1V1111YOi~O/11P~w1 w MII/I~rII~~~ u~~b~~ •~u IMF r~M~► ~~y/AM7 I I i IN, r :rr FI=tw~ 3i. Median housing value by study area, Houston, 1890 0 41 ►{a ai.p sfr'M W220 F" U q, e suq In mo.. ~i 0 12 3 4 ! Legend aa.ek u w°a9`a~ a r■ ~ _ At oc above mean vidw (approdaau]y SMoM r f{pp,~pp ~yryp - e Below mt&a0 vabe Sr* am bonadwy L ! i SM4 are" G&WnftW k*nhvt n for phnir{ pxpmn f1 C:hapeer S: NaiuDxc'rHpss4u TyF. DATA ORGANIZATION EXAMPLES • - ~ ~ M ~ 4 ~ .Yi!i t H~ a~,['~Y 1~~3e. ~~~~~f~TK~ ~~s i, " .nor,, _ • • TRENDS TABLE 1.1 go~T = IV POPULATION CHANGES WITHIN ~FIGURE,U2 FORSYTH COUNTY: 1970.1984'ER:GAPa'IAr, OUSBHOLD' CO APRIL APRIL jVLT CCHHANGE CHAMCENT N X9'1 4 1970 19a0 1964 :9741960 39604961 _ Winston-Salem 133,683 139,085" 146,886 4.0 5.6 P tu; H w/o annexations` 131,885 142,914 -1.3 2.8 ' Kemersville 4,815 5,875 8,054 22.0 37.1 DOLLA w/o annexations` 4,880 6,461 13 10.0 1 IF Rural Hall 1,289 1,336 1,803 3.6 35.0 Walkertown 1lnoorpoMed In 19841 1,366 na na p Fotsyth County 215,118 243,683 254,880 133 4.6 St U.S. !urea of & Cn (1970. 1960) Had C&, Am - 5m Nmwipho, Of kt of Saar 6udret (19541 ' Cln sjvm WAMJ 7= peepL in 1961 aed 3,971 lu 1952. ' 1:er6""& wowed spvra*m Iv 1397 pew!, ba 1960 ud 1* 1964. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p TABLE 1.2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE IN FORSYTH COUNTY: 1970,1990 q 4 APRIL APRIL 1963 :99o ,'p r' 19]0 1960 tae.) (r.) , Population 215,118 243,683 256,684 269,243m; Number of Households 67,796 90,146 97,040 103,392 =1!1 X Household Sue 3.17 2.7 2.6 2.6 ~x> it Sari. Nsdorui P1seNrr Usa Cev r (M. 19901, US 6vas o(& Camas (197 NW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 1.3 POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS FOR FORSYTH COUNTYt 1985-2005 low ACTUAL 1969 I990 1993 a00o 7003 • POPULATION' Minimal Growth (I-A) 243,683 254,040 264,396 272,969 281.582 290,593 ! Percent Growth 43 4.1 33 3.1 3.2 Expected Growth (11-B) 243,683 255,867 268,051 279,443 290,835 302,759 Percent Growth 5.0 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 Sustained Growth (111-C) 243,683 258,304 172,925 287,254 301,582 316,661 t Percent Growth 6.0 5.7 5-3 5.0 5.0 • • State Demographer" 243,704 258,323 270,432 280,682 290,096 303,350 Percent Growth 6.0 4.7 3.8 3.4 4.6 HOUSEHOI-DSe Number of Households 90,146 97,040 106,670 116,750 to 136,930 Average Household She 2.7 2.64 235 2.46 to 2.31 Sourm " i C& "sew C«parfm (Pop, ,OR4t"f { ax 'Nirieei pa ~ Sohn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 moo C-, • • Forsyth County from 1970 to 1980, 2.8 percent, using constant city persons, related or not, occupying a accounted for about 28 percent of limits, between 1930 and 1984. The housing unit," the number of house- the growth in the entire Winston- fastest growing county census tracts holds in Forsyth County has in- Salem/Greensboro/High Point MSA, between 1970 and 1980 were con- creased steadily since 1970, com- which closely approxim-ted the per- centrated in the west, southwest, and pounded by a declining average tentage of the MSA's total popula- east. All tracts which lost population household sire (Table 1.2). In com- tion living in Forsyth County. were in Winstun-Salem (Map 1.1). parison with the state, Forsyth Population changes from 1970 to Without changes in land use Countyhasfewer personsperhouse- 1984, in the incorporated areas policy, future growth is expected to hold. The changes in per capita and within the county,liave varied (Table follow this general pattern, with household incomes since 1969 reveal 1.1). The population of Winston- accelerating growth ineastern Forsyth regular increases. However, these Salem actually declined by about 1.3 County due to its proximity to Pied- figures are not in constant dollars percent between 1970 and 1980. mont Triad International Airport. (Figure 1.2). These figures for in- This trend has changed since 1980. Using the Bureau of the Census come consistently exceed the state The city's population increased about definition of a household as "all averages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y `~4 'r ,uu o r / / I 1 I .IN R \r f YOPULA•iZON ,1970-1980 RENDSINFORSYTH + .t~. : s~ C )~7 7. }r of 4 r t'~ + l + m Census TractsrC testt Crowing Popuaadn, . ~ ti ~A~t1 a ~a'C{ 1, Y2 S~'~• . fy- . Census Tracts y .r.?nth ~P ~[~ay,n.on 1.oss' lr.C!a`~t~•si'a: • • CITY OF VICTORIA, TEXAS Tract 000301 BG BLOCK GROUP PROFILE Selected data from the 1990 Census i . Characteristics of the Population Po ulation by Acre: Num poaulatIQn by Race/Ethnicity: 376 ( 35.88%) ite, not HH sp. 8 ( 0.7611 18 - 64 511 ( 48.76%) Hispanic. 754 ( 71.95% 65 and over 161 ( 15.36%) Black, not Hisp. 286 ( 27.29% TOTAL 1048 (100.00%1 Derr, not Hisp. 1048 (100.00% Median Age 34.30 Family Households: 265 ( 71.43%) NonFami~,v HousehoIds: 106 ( 28.51% McSCOU 148 ( 55.85%) S ng.e person HH 98 ( 92.45% I with children 18 ( 29.43%) Multi-person HH 8 ( 7.55% I Single Parent 117 ( 44.15%) with children 56 S 21.13%) Perso i Gsotm Ouartera: Female 84 ( 31.701) In Ins nst:tutons 0 w/ children 46 ( 17.36%) In other Group Quart 0 Income Characteristics Incom s: liedian mean P -ns i Poverty { 44.90 A Households $10,375 $13,585 21fli 2 ( 42.91% Families $13,560 $16,634 18 - 64 NonFamily HH $4,999 $5,964 TOTAALLd over 4960 12.15t 4 ( 47.14% Woddorce Characteristics Employed Persons 16 and over 283 ( 27.00%) Ung ~oyment A ( 14.08% Ma es 177 ( 52.54%) Ma es Fema/lchildren 164 ( 22.61%) TFemal OTALe9 417 6 ( 13.981 WOccu ations: Jgyment ite collar 68 ( 24.03%) 06ods sectors 68 ( 24.034 Blue Collar 215 ( 75.971) Service Sectors 215 { 75.974 Educ6ona) Attainment p sons Aae -16 - 19 : 56 Pe so _ K.S. Gars a 25 uate or and GED ove.K 2 627 19 ( 34.93%) Earo Sc oo ( 93.104 4 or more Yrs of College 5 ( 0.80%) Not enrolled ( 6.904 Not H.S. grad. ( 6.901 Housing Characteristics o • umber f Housing Units:- 395 Occupied 334 ( 84.56%) S to e F y 320 ( 81.015 Owner 189 ( 56.59%) 2 to 4 Units 14. ( 3.541 i I Renter 145 ( 43.41%) 5 or more Units 40 ( 10.131 ' Vacant 61 ( 15.44%) mobile/Other 21 ( 5.32'- A e of S ctur s: • Bui t e ore 3 32 ( 8.I0%) Ve w of Owned Units $19,600 Built after 1940 363 ( 91.90%) Housing Cost w/sort. $Z2i • • Households which pay 0 f ~ Owner Occp1eq: 1z .07 o spec ea ownea unites) Renter occupied: 88 { 70.97% of specified rented units) t 0 ; a 3 . DA TA ANALYSIS EXAMPLES r t .-.•..c_= 'c. ~ ~f.. ' 5~ I!~~+ ~5.• I e'81~ V i,i 2i • • r EMPLOYMEYt 21 muter seek less congested routes. The sppearame of the 1970 Palo Alto City might change as commercial wad same industrial Inflow and outflow of Worker development Intensifies. Traffic congestion is a problem, particularly during peak Hu set of Persons Work Places hours. ]dolt o ]e who work In Palo Alto travel to work in Location Employed in of Palo Alto private automobiles at peak periods. These commuters Pa'o Alto Residents contribute to congestion on the City's arterial streets and Palo Alto 10,325 10,325 on some residential streets. Stanford University Increased employment also worsens the long-term park. (unincorporated 500 1,479 ing problem, especially In the builneasdistricu on Univeraity portion) and Cilifomia Avenues. The problem has two sides. If more Mountain View 5,864 1,442 parking is provided, more commuters employed in these Sunnyvale 4,67S 1,059 districts will be encouraged to drive their can to work and Santa Clan 2,071 336 add to existing local traffic congestion. If additional park- San lose 5,310 665 ing facilities see not provided, some commuters will switch Remainder S.C. Co. 9,400 1,256 to other -nodes of transportation while others will park Syr Mateo County 9,750 7,762 their cars on the borders of these districts and disrupt the residential quality of some or the City's oldest neigh- Sin Francisco 579 1.335 borhoods. Alam_daCounty 1,258 277 A larger number of available jobs and high housing costs Elsewhere 608 1,886 have led to the increase in the number or families contaln- Sources: 1) 1970 Census of Population,lourney to Work ing two wageeamem This has kd to greater demand for 2) Final Report, Palo Alto-Menlo Park Area child care center. Industrks see reluctant to provide child Transportation Project are on-site because the faetlr.des would reduce space This table scows the Inf4.rr or outtbr of workers who ender Bved available for industrial uses. or worked in Palo Alto In 1970. The Palo Alto data refer to the Expansion of commerciai and Industrie facilities and 1975 City LHnhs and therefore do not Include Banos Put, which resulting employment increases may make It necessary to %as Inoorponted Into P►Io Alto in 1976. spend money on such capital Improvements is power sub- stations, sewer, water, and gas lines, and increased solid with new Industrial and commercial development and over waste disposal facilities. More capital facilities may have parking lots In commercial and industrial districu. to be built to support the expected commercial and Indus- trial expansion, Program 1: Maintain the reduced non-residential site cover. age limits and floor area ratio regulations which were adopted in the 1978 Zoning Ordinance. Employment Policies and Programs The following pcJjcles and programs are meant to achieve the employment objectives and work on employment- related problems at the same time. R&SCON.P" or ins $00 Policy l: Continue efforts to reduce employment potential Implemented with the 1976 Comprchensfre Plan and 1978 Zoning Ordinance. (b~ I This policy deals with housing and traffic, the major prob- lems Identified with employment. Irexpected employment increases are reduced, traffic congestion will not reach expected levels, and the demand roc housing will worsen, \ ,oo ° but not to the extent that is otherwise anticlpated. Policy 2: Encourage the construction of more frouslal °300 • prinut* on or near industrial and commercial slreL,, • aaoa This policy encourages eonstiuction of additional housing eAaillig so that more people who work In Palo Alto can live here. It will reduo: both pressure on the local housing market and Eet.rm 1960 cad 19)0, Ce somber of eroeker-emmotittit - kta the private, public, and enrironmenul cats required to P&OAttomore titan tonbled,and w"uabove 40,000.Was of thou make long commutes. Housing Programs 8 and 9 and Eno- persom om,notte into Palo Alto from the south and skis trend Is ployment Program 3 encourage construction in conjunction evpected so omthree. ~,...,~~..`..~.....y~..s • E.\YIRO%NEMAL RESOURCES 69 there it is transmitted to nine other substations and then Company. Telephone lines use electric distribution poles distributed in a grid pattern throughout the City. Those and underground trenches, Telephone service is Its%likely ,lines which are underground have been waterproofed, al- to be interrupted than electricity because the lines will not though the substations have not. Substations are very sus- short out when damaged unless actually ruptured. The Palo ceptible to earthquakes. To help keep utility substation Alto exchange buildings on Hamilton and Lambert Avenues equipment operating after an earthquake, transformers and contain'dl1 switching equipment, other equipment have been firmly anchored to the sub- Divuprion of communicatfons router or facflirfes or both. stations concrete foundations, in 1930, a seismic consultant Temporary local disruptions of roads as a result of earth. was evaluating the City's utility, equipment to find ways to quake are quite possible, due to blockage of underpasses, protect H In in earthquake. Men trees, collapsed buildings, broken bridge, or fallen Stanford University. tacept for the tsledical Center, pur• chases power lines. City amergrnty facilities are focused on the electricity and gas from PG&E and water from the poxower which ft in are area subject to Son Francisco Ao Natte Company. The Urwenam eontnce Service Center, puss-lilt ffcoding, liquefaction, severe ground shaking, and with Palo Alto for a disposal Sanford campus utility y temporary Marion from the rest of the City. The City Haft distribution lines are e nv nu. . rated by Pilo Alto. is designated the nerve center of emergency operations. Telephone service is pre tied by the Pacific Telephone Spread throughout the City we other fa nieces important to COMPOSITE • ~ a a RISK ZONES LIFE LINES jpn ~t. q~) I • ' „ tij r r4v o •..+..•..u.y.~ 'r 4•(J, ..ao 51 tb , r , I ❑.7 ACOI R<Tl All P ' Q ws5 Ma,pa , I - t/~~r\~ yn.~n urY 'ttl w'et k~ A w i esauca'ti;~', ot 0 1 <YL ~ aW lTaiiO• ' vz.a.a l ee+n.w~a-. w ..ro U.1"sI G..+. rV.. ~ ~ i ►esamvnsmuearl 1 . , Q iMV NIY WY) t• J• 1~_~ _ Fault une areas have the greatest risk for butWings and other stroc- turn. High risk is also associated with Say mud, Unddide-prone httlsides, and me» susceptible to Hooding. Moderatnspk areas Water, gY, serer, and electrical liner am riseeptibus todisrupdon W imotre potential liquefaction, =round shaking. and some flooding. earthquakes. Many of these vital services in Palo Alto crop or tit in Low-risk areas are ruscephbte to some Fquetactba and some =round the most hazardous risk tones, Stanford University's utilities Ye not skating, wppued by No Alto with the a<ception of the wrap disposal. 1- • • tion and cooperation In the provision and services are available. The YMCA community continues to grow, as of recreation also have along history. and YWCA, the Arts Council and its citizens dernand more and varied Winston-Salem depends heavily on memberagencies, the Salvation Army services, and as new sites become the use of school grounds in its total Boys and Girls Clubs, community more difficult to find and acquire, recreation program. Forsyth County clubs, and many others provide the need for intergovernmental co- also depends on the use of school invaluable resources. ordination and cooperation will facilities in its program.Kemersville, Coordination and cooperation become more critical. Arai of Rural Hall, Clemmons, and Walker- between local jurisdictions in pro- special concern include service fa town have schoolswithin town limits viding recreation are not as wide- the fringes of municipalities and and make extensive use of these spread. W tale each unit works well provision of unique countywide resources. with other agencies and even with resources. Local jurisdictions alsowork with private entitles within their bounda- Another area causing i creasing a number of quasi-public agencies to ries, the jurisdictions do not interact concern is public/private;';partner• ensure that a fu11 array of facilities extensively with each other. As this ships in the provision of fecreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 11.2 STANDARDS FOR PARKS, FORSYTH COUNTY c AssTnCArwN 1000 PEOP a W02 savor ARIA Playlots Not Applicable 2,500 sq.ft. 500.2,500 Subneighborhood to 1 acre Neighborhood parks 2.5 Min. 5 acres 5,000 -o >h mile up to 20 acres Community parks 2.5 Min. 5 acres 4,000.10,000 3 mils up to 20 acres District parks 2.5 20.100 acres 15,000 lh to 3 miles (Urban) District parks 25 20.100 acres 10,000.25,000 5 miles or more (Rural) Countywide parks 20.0 Various Serves entire Within Ii hr. (Multipurpose and population driving time special purpose) Unique areas and special Not Applicable Includes plus, small parks, omunenal parks, solar facilities protection, historical sites, floodplains, greenways, lakes, and water-based recreation. No standard is applicable. So m A&prd by arts MO.d,a lo.,d fi , & ?466 aw,eUm rd M Aroe.eoL TABLE 11.3 OUTDOOR OPEN SPACE/RECREATION NEEDS, FORSYTH COUNTY AND M MUNCIPAIX IES, 1955 AND 2005 i 1965 ACLU P"K ACRLS/1000 1965 1915 DZnM OI AMrK*(ALNMG T ULMED CLK"tFWATION rOPt11ATtOM ACRL4Z% N= OVlRACa . Neighborhood 343 148 790 c • & Community 2.5 985 642 + District 2.5 285 642 -348 148 790 • • } Countywide 20.0 4,235 5,140 -907 11210 6,350. ✓J Special Areas NA 40 Various N.A. Various Varian Total 5,555 6,424 -912 1.506 7,930 Swcc Co.nDwtfor• br er r PLmN so,d iced a a pq.4b~ n,tere CO r Sa.05 In M. W-A 0 p*Vd06 Of JAM in 611W 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 • • Problems exist throughout the Careful consideration must be the resources to implement these community. Road project priority given also to the land use changes projects are available, such a plan decisions must be made to provide which are likely Lobe induced, either would be worse than no plan at all. needed benefits to all parts of the by new roads or by the lack of Schedule and funding commitments community. Equity in decision mak- improvements to existing ones, from the State for improvements ing is one key to community ac- There are documented increases in which are its responsibility are not ceptance of needed facilities. carbon monoxide levels which seem necessary or possible to have. Onthe • Protection of existing neighbor- to be resulting from automobile use other hand, funds for urban improve- hoods and the environment. (Figure 5.1). Travel patterns which ments are highly unlikely ever to be Residential streets should r,otcarry help reduce air pollution should be available to build roads at the level excessive traffic, either inadvertently promoted through reduction of traf- proposed in past thoroughfare plans. or purposefully. While residential fic congestion and the use of alter- This new plan must seektfo scale development might be appropriate native means of transportation. Such both City and State respon siblli ties to on collector streets and even for actions should assist in forestalling reasonable, achievable levels. To higher level streets in some limited federal requirements and sanctions, reach this balance, agreater iesponsi- circumstances, excessive cut through as well as work with any such orders bility must be borne through local traffic should be prevented. This can if and when issued. revenues and by developers, resi- be accomplished by the provision of • Proposals which are buildable and dents, tenants, and other users of better routes around neighborhoods maintainable. new developments. Service districts or by provision of more through A great number of road improve- and assessments to raise funds for on streets which disperse traffic in the menu to solve all traffic problems and off site improvements will be- neighborhoods, Attention to general would be the traditional way to come more frequent. Right-of-way circulation needs is important. handle traffic congestion, but unless protection measures will alsobecume more common, beginning with earlier _4 location of 6c specific parcels need, ed, continuing through various nego- FIGUI;ESh1~EkJ . ' . rte. tiation techniques and provision of ' 3CARB• ~V O ENDS - ARDMORE Incentives, and ending eventual) in somecaseswith advacepurchaseof land. .v' Designs forroads which will actual- !ly be built must be reduced to the o minimum acc"ble level, but not F to the point where safety and effec- 0 tiveness are impaired. Provisions for u ~r 57 ~•'o future expansion should be included. z u Public transportation services rely Cu, u 3 heavily on federal firuncial assistance. Funding may not ccntinue to be e N • available at current levels for ninny more years. Significantcuts in transit service could bring about Increases • ;t Yl~i? © In traffic.On anumber of marginally d 1 sufficient streets, these traffic in- . 4 = Q creases could necessitate- significant ! road improvements. Proposals for t. ' Iong-term transportation funding 7t e~ . 4 e must include provisions for transit ' ; +q_- .a •p v~ jti! s `r and other ridesharing needs. • '4~ F'i}• _t i'~ 'i ~i . f- _ t ~ Su.nda~ 55 • Page 29, Figure 26: "$am 7i. AMwd&M ty Im"X aid awdiaa WA" pia fm Iilwtae aid 9riaeied W400,I"i AtlrtL 1~tha ~ Cbwb W Dam DWW Naw sm LuA%Wm Ago, Mkvw&Pw e/9t PAW NOW Yrk /bewibr lwtiwd $a LAW CAy ire Fiwk*" IL LOWS W ZMAW DOA 0 >b f0/ t10 901 990 011 A1wAt1ia0^ hIr waft 1~ CAN p NfC ft" bwm M Ur"" of IY~~Ie~n v i 2 Piton • AP-041") &K*s A V#4 Aloetr rr*k • ~ t ' 1 DATA FORECASTS EXAMPLES - . [ ~~'Y rr S'f k!F~Sy{ S; f:A ~~~:t^ ~TL r~ •1 f < j r , • r • Demographic land Use and Fiscal Analyses ATTACHMENT A Scope of Work A systematic scope of services will be performed by Wilbur Smith Associates (WSA) to prepare the Demographic and Market Projections, Land Use Demand Analyses, and Fscal Impact Analyses for the City of Victoria, Victoria County, and the Victoria Metropolitan Planning Organtzation (MPO) designated planning area. Maximum use veil be made of available Information end resources, partiwtedy existing and projected population data, employment information, housing data, land use Inventories, aerial photographs, mapping, and other related data. WSA wit utilize available Information and documenlation previously prepared by James Duncan and Associates as well as data made available by the City of Victoria, as well as other data obtain ed by WSA. The process of performing the Demographic, Lord Use and Fiscal Impact Studios will Involve a cooperative effort by the WSA Consultant Team, the City of Victoria, Vk.1otU County, and other agences krJudit the Twas Department of Transportation (TA>OT), Te>•as State Data Center, Golden Crescent Regional Planning Commission, and other State and Federal agencies. The City planning staff, Planning Commission and City Council as well as a project steering committee will be directly Involved at key poirtb during the study to provide review and comments, and to give direction In important porrcy lssues to be addressed by the project A Project Schedule is provided in Figure f, which indicates a four-phase scope of services with a scheduled duration of six (6) months, Meetings win City staff and officials and a project steeMg committee are shown approAmatety once per month, with coordination on an as needed basis. Also provided Is Table 1, which is an Estimated Project Budget by TosS_ PHAS I DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS AND ANALY E A majority of the work activities in this phase have been previously conducted for the City by James Duncan and Associates. A 1 M base yeardata set has been developed and analyzed by the City including demographic and socioeconomic data and projections needed for planning by the City, Courtly, Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), and other local and state agencies. The base year Is 1996 and projections will be developed for years 2000, 2005, 2015, and 2025. The foaaMng three tasks represent the proposed work program as part of Phase 1, Demographic Projections and Analyses. Task A: This task has been previously completed by James Duncan and Estimate the Associates. The 1996 Demographic Date Set for Victoria County provided to WSA by the City on November 16, 1998 Inciudes parameters for WW County's and population, number of households, total arras, median household income, • City's Current end employment (bask:, retail and service), by traffic analysis zone (TA2) Population (1996) for Victoria County. The data has been verlAed by fine City for accuracy and Number of and revsed to reflect the ovAltiom and characteristics in Victoria County. The subsequent tasks will utilize the available data set to conduct Mute Households projections, based on 1996 base year re'lnatos, for the county, urbantzad area, city, census tracts, and traffic orm/sb zones. WSA will ro*w and analyze the 199e base year estimates to onset ` • + consistency with the Terns State Data Center control totals for Vktorla County. V required by the City. WSA will conduct a Nrt w a Mustbnof the base year estimates to Identify any necessary adjustments asrimates. RevbW of the 199E base year estmates is not anticipated as e task of this proposed scope or work. Wilbur Smth Associates CortsW&V Engineer A PWvw-s I ~K C ii • Demographic, Land Use and Fiscal Analyses Task 13: This task will develop the demographic and socioeconomic Projection of the projections fur the Yrdoria study area for the years 2000, 2D05, 2015, and 2025. The projections for future years will be developed first for area-wide County's and control totals for the different piannN variables (population, dwelling City's Population unh, and employment). The forecasts v4l be developed for the county, 25 Years In the urban area, city, census tracts, and traffic analysis zones. Future at Five and Ten-Year Intervals Task Mefhodolopy Projections for 2000, 2005, 2015, and 2025 will be developed using a range of demographic forecasting techniques, including trend analysis, step,iuwn or ratio trend, and correlation methods. Available projections from previous studies and other sources, such as the Texas Slate Data Center or their offfists, the Golden Crescent Regional Penning Commission, will also be considered. Area-wide control total projections will be developed and analyzed by the ConsuftaM Including population, dwelling units, household income, employment, and the relationships between these variables. The Consultant will utilize information provided by the City regarding the low, medium and high growth areas throughout the planning area. Information on new or proposed development that has occurred of Is about to occur either within or immediately adjacent to the planning area, based upon City stairs knowledge of local conditions, will be utiized and factored into the projections. Projections of the control total population for Victoria County will utilize four (4) projection scenarios developed by the Texas State Data Center, The different scenarios provide aftemathe sets of population projections fof Victoria County rssuming the some set of mortality and fertility assumptions In each scenario, but dfferent assumptions relative to net migration. The net migration assumptions for these scenarios are derived from 1990-90 patterns. The resulting scenarios Include the zero motion (0.0) scenario, one-half 19130-90 (0.5) scenario, and the 19M90 (1.0) scenario. A fourth scenario assumes a continuation of the 1990.94 patterns of net migration. The control totals will be presented to the Cry for review and consideration of accuracy and reasonableness relative to recent growth trerxds and local conditions and characteristics, as observed try the planning staff. One (1) growth scenario will be selected and used to • disaggregate the control totals to derive the forecasts for the county, urban area, ety, census tncU, and traffic analysis zones. The product of this procedure will reflect the fecent local development trends both w 0h and i ImmedWtety adjacent to Victoria County. ' The area-wide projections will be dlsaggregated to the urban area, city, census tract, and TAZ levels. Occupied dwetrng unit forecasts will be developed based upon population forecasts and the average number of • persons per household, taking Into consideration the current end projected • • trends in average household size within the area and the individual census tracts. Comparisons with the 1990 Census data will be made to Identify any significant variations, Median household income forecasts will be developed using five standard Income ranges, In 1990 doll ars. Wdbur Smr7h Assoofefes Consuffing Engineers a Plarvxsrs 2 e • per royapnb Land Use and Fiscal Analyses Employment will be disagVegated based upon analysis of trends and growth assumptions, which will be developed and reviewed in coordination with City staff and the MPC Technical Committee. Trend data for employment, wages and eamirgs will also be taken Into consideration In the development of economic projections. The developed and undeveloped acreage wit be forecast to reflect anticipated Charges In population, dwelling units, and employment. Reasonableness tests wit be conducted to validate the projections, based on paramelars such as the average number of persons per household, number of employees per 1000 population, occupancy rates based on total and occupied dwelling units, charges In median household Income compared to 1980-90 and 1980-95 Wools and trends, and pmjeded dwelling units and employment changes relathe to undeveloped acres available to accommodate future residential and nonresidential development The projections will be validated against the controf total projections approved by the City for use in the study. E*tkv land use, known development plans, and economic development plans will be considered In the process of dxaggregating the projections within the study area. Planned improvements In "nspoftation facilities and public utiilks will also be cons defed. Task a - The Consultant will utilize regional commute data tram IAe Census Comparative Transportation Plan nN Package (CTPP), 1990 Census, Bureau of Assessment of Transportation Statistics, to evaluate and analyze the level of journey-lo- Victoria County ~ud.~mJackson, belween Vdcrig County and Dewitt, Gonad, Refuglo, a and Calhoun and the Counties, The Information that will be utilized Is the estimated number of Neighboring persons traveling from county to county on a total dally basis and during Counties mom'rg and afternoon peak periods. This data wit cnaraderIze the propensity of commute travel between counties for employment, shopping, leisure and other reasons. The assessment will generally characterize Vncloria County's position within the regional market In terns of the daytime population versus the evening population. The data from the commute analysis wit be submitted to the Cry In tabular and graphic formats, which will Identify She level of commute adlvty between the selected counties. The data will be utitzed throughout the demographic and market projection onelyses as well as • the land use demand analyses to determine the relative ampetRlvvenass of the City of Victoria and Victoria Co". 1 In addition to the commute snatysls, historical popU*Uw figures and ' poputetbon projections of the Texas State Data Center fof Victoria County and the six (8) nelghbori g counties wil l be analyzed to assess the eAsft and future regional conditions and charoderutlcs. KstoAcal employment data from the Texas Emptoyrnent Commission (M) will also be • collected and analyzed to evaluate the economic position of Vktoed • County within the Irnmediste region, Including the slot (8) neghborYg aunties. in addition, other comparisons will be made including a ratio of t~dtsta (199990.1898) ,a and ~ocsqire al Income daats. per per' nhioAcaf saws Mu' Swath Associates Consuk,Fg Engineers 3 Planners 3 ~L • Demograpthic Land Use and Fiscal Analyses Task D - FORnat Monthly progress reports will be submtted b the City during the Data and Prepare project desafb4V the work accompfahed end technical decisions made during the mporting period, end highlighting the work to be performed Report during the next report period. An estimate of the percentage completion for each task and the total project will be included In the report A letter report describi ng the Consultants review and analysis of the 1998 base year estimates will be submitted to the Cly at the con ltmion of Task A. A preliminary drat! of the projections for years 2000, 2005, 2015 and 2025 win be submittals will Includsubmitted e rreproducible copy and an ak ppr These opriatte number of espies for review by the City. Following receipt of the Cty's review comments on the draft submittals, the " 'r^^' and lytatvsa LU96 will be prepared and submitted. The report will consist of tabular data bases and accompanying narrative description of the study methodology and the approach for updathg the data fires and sAnK Ing setedlve reports. diskette The data and 18A files will be submitted to the City on computer Lotus 123 Version 5.0 and WordPerfect Version 81 fie formats, compatible wth the Cys requiramenW EHASE II LAND USE DEMAND ANALYSES This phase will hckide an analysis of eAsting land use and market demand as a basis to pr*d the This future detlverables consorm to be use nes for the Victoria Closely coordinated with planning the Ctya to en ure the methodology and) to the Year ~ work will land applicable requirements. The assumptions regarding the future land use demands will be established by performing an analysis of the existing land use Inventory, Coupled with anticipated growth and development pae s established 01 the e)Wence and planned wdenskm of public faclllles and Infrastnxture Improve current development trends and Dfatte ,and will r rpofation o ~ two tasks. annexed areas as the Cly grows over time. The planning process Task A: Baseline data well be compled and analyzed to assemble a Inventory of comprehensive planning data base relating to eAsUV land use conditions and trends. Much of this Information may be drawn from the Ckys land Current Land Uses Information system, and will be requested conc+annty with this task. The data collection and analyses veil focus on the Victoria p(annbg ores, which will include the Incorporated area as well as the Cys s*aterdW%I i Jurisdiction, to include the additional area for potential future onme)ations, in order t the study area will be established in planning concert with City of} fidlb and staff. of • aMa"@ fxts" Lend The ExIsting Land Use Inventory Map will be used to Identify e*dV ti Use Map and types of lend use, their iccation, pattern, and htensly withirn the corporote • • Supporting Data limb of Vbtorta. The digtal land use Inventory No will need to be provided to the Consultant by the City in a No forrnel that is compatible with the Consunent's computerized mapping system (AuWCAD, WcroStatlon, etc.). For areas beyond the Ikrnts of the *As" land use Inventory map, within the WO planning area, the CornuUnt will develop Wirbrr Smith AssocWts Corrwl< V En&eom a Plarvrers f t • r • Denagraphlo, Land Use and Fiscal Analyses a generaiized eAstkv land use diagram for use in developing the planning variable data base. The land use categories used to identify different types and densities of e>dsting uses w0i be consistent wth those previously established by the City. Additional existing land use information wit be compatible with the data input requirements for the City's LIS. The estimated acreage of exdstkig developed and undeveloped land by census tract and TAZ within the Coy of Vxctorla wit need to be provided in digital format to the Consultant by the City. Tho total developed acreage cf land by land use type wit also need to be provided by the City and by the Appraisal District for the unincorporated areas. The data from the City and Appraisal O&M wit be correlated to ensure con latency In the land use classifications. The estimated acreage of existing developed and undeveloped land will be used to determine the absorption of land in the urbanized area and to assess future development potential. Task B: This task will address the need for different types of land uses based Analyze the Need upon planning variable projections for a 25-year planning period. Future for Future Land land use projections will be prepared for the years 2000, 2005, 2015, and 2025, which wit identify a sequential scheme of physical development and Uses Based Upon future urban form of the Victoria urbanized area. The projections will be Market Demand portrayed on a map to Illustrate a generaf¢ed pattern of future land use, Mud'rg various types of use and densities of development, such as low and high density residential areas; commercial uses; light and heavy Industrial areas; agricultural areas; and, public land uses such as parks, schools, and community fad bes. The Information analyzed in Task A will be considered in the assessment of past current, and anticipated market development brands. Available building permit activity for the period since IM wit be requested from the City and analyzed to identify the total quantity, general locations, and types of development that have occurred In recent years. The results will be presented in tabular and graphic formats. fderWly and Evaluate the For purposes of market anatys:s, eAokQ developed areas within the Character of Existing City and the MPO planning area A be delineated Into general geographic Developed Areas sectors which v4I be developed based upon established subdivision and neightxorhood boundaries as commonly recognized by citizens and residents of Victoria. To ensure the aoaxrocy of the data, tho geographic sectors wit correspond with the boundaries of census tracts and TAZs • thus allowing verification of the different geographic units. E)6AV conditions in terms of developed and undeveloped acreages w6l be identified for each of these sectors. Prepare Land Use and A draft Land Use an4 Market Demand Analyses Rem A wit be ' Market Demmd prepared and submtted to the City, in one reprodrxibie copy and an Analyses Reports appropriate number of copies tar review. Following receipt of review • comments, the final report will be completed and submitted. The report will Include appropriate narralM te)C tables, and ikatratims. TeA flee • • for the report document will be submitted on computer diskette In WordPerfect Version e.i So format compatible with the City's requirements. Graphic fles wild also be providedina d'pht format that is compatible with the Ctys LIS. i1r12bur Smith Associates Consulting Enyirreers d Plamers iT 77 • • , Land Use and Fiscal Analyses PHASE III - GROWTH SECTOR STUDY Task A: In this task the Consultant wit develop and provide the City with a Determine generalzed future land use diagram for tha Clirs future growth, based upon market demands and land use requirements determined to Phase N. Spatially Where The future land use diagram will graphically depict the generalized the City's Future ~loph9 t. e gr~desectors ides in Phase A will be used as the Growth Will Occur sectors for analysis In this Phase. /den* Land Use and E*tN opportunities . and Constraints mat serve as major Em rorvnenfal determinants of land use will be Identified and analyzed in relation to Constraints and Major a EsWQ land use and future development Environmerdal constraints will TransporfooDn Incude factors such as flood plain areas, wetlands, prime or unique Influences on FiAev agricultural lands, wild) fe habitat areas for threatened or endangered Land Use species, cultural resources (historic structures or districts and archeological ales), and areas wtwe e>ds N topogrepNo, conditions or severe sot imitations may impact or restrict land development decusions. Transportation influences wdl include factors such as railroads, freeways, airport noise impacts, and eAsting and planned alignments, f major streets, highways, and other planned transportation improvements. Develop a Genwalzed The location and general pattern of future development wit be Future Land use determined based upon the Ckys anticipated growth pattern, and analysis INagram of eudstN opportunities and constraints, acce3altAty, market factors, and testing of alternative development scenarios for future growth of the city. A work session will be he ,J with the Planning Commissiwn and City Counci to Identify the goals and objectives of the CRY interns of Is future physical development pattern. The generalized geographical allocation of projected development among different sectors of the planning area will be established in coordination with City officals and staff, Including appropriate opportunity for cl zen participation. Task B: Consistent with the CIys e**V service and onUapated growth areas, Analyze Growth opportunities and recommendations wilt be made for potential areas of Infrastructure extensions and Improvement The Consultant will Areas Including coordinate with the appropriate city departments In reviewing wdsfing Demographics, infrastructure improvement plans, such as the Water and Sevier Master Land Use Plan. Infrastructure needs will hdude roadways, water, sewer, drainage, and end other municipal facilities and services. Identified area needs for future Demand, eAensions will be reviewed to ensure mey are consistent with the identified Infrastructure growth sectors and areas of projected growm. General raccmmendatkns Requirements wt1 be provided to line City based upon ar alable information and, coordination with City staff and officals. PHASE N - FISCAL IMPACT ANALYSES • $%ings In the national and regional economics have heightened the Interest of communities to assess • O their ecrnwmio status, OjesWns arise as to what the Impact will be on the fiscal resources of the community under ddferent growth and development scenarios. Will the community benefit from added economic development or is the growth a burden on the eAsting Infrastructure? Should there be growth management policies adopted to estabrish a balance between residential and rwresidenfial growth thereby WUbur Smith Assocleyes ConsulEirrg &Omers a Plemers r, -gem • • Ddmograp?ric Land Use and Fiscal Analyses assuring that developmenlwill not place an undue significant Impact on the city? These are examples of questions confronting municipalities throughout the state and nation. Service requkements vary drastically depending on the type and density of land use. Following the land use and growth demand analyses, a comparative assessment will be conducted to identity the proieded impacts msuttirg from a variety of development scenarios. Although residential growth Is necessary to create the demand for nonresidental development, its impact on the need for public fadAies and services is much greatw. Commercial and Industrial uses, on the other hand, typically offset their demand of public resources by their proportionate share of property taxes and additional contribution of sales taxes. The extent of these realities will be analyzed and described in terms of the assumed fiscal Impact on the City and County of Victoria. This phase of the project will utilize the demographic and land use analyses to project the fiscal impacts anticipated forthe city. Resutis of Phases I, 11, and III will include a land use Inventory, Identification of current and potential growth areas based on a sting piannIng data and development suitability, an analysis of market demand uT6v land use ratio data published by the Urban Land insuute OLD and other qualified sources, and in analysis of infrastructure needs, The culmhation of thin Information wli be used to determine the fiscal benefits and costs to the :qty based on different development scenarios (residential versus nonresidentiaD, densities, etc. Task A: To conduct a thorough fiscal Impact analysis of future development in Collect Necessary and immediately adjacent to the City, there will be a number of data requirements. Information will need to be obtained from the City as wen Data from the City as the Appraisal District. Particutar Infomutim needed from the City wilt of Victoria and include the City$ fiscal year 1995 tax structure Including a breakdown of Victoria County mrlage rates by service, Le. public safety, general fund, etc. ('A available); Appraisal District 1995 budgeted revenue and cost figures for the provision and operation of municipal facilities and services such as public parks. libraries, public buildings, etc.; and, revenues received through ad valorem taxes, sales tax receipts, hotel occupancy taxes, service fees, franchise fees, and other revenue producing sources. Information needed from the Appraisal District will Include the total appraised value, site acreage and square footage of re : Iential and noruesidentlal uses within the City and the hrPO planning area, -,1 k available, further aggregated Into comrnerdel and industrial uses. Fu..wr Information and data needs identftd dwtQ this task will be requested from the City and the Apraisal District. Task 8: Calculating the impacts of rwMy annexed areas am other new Determine Fiscal development win be a function of weighing the dIlWance between the gage costs of development for different lard use types and densities, • Impact of Newly Le. residential, commercial,' and Industrial uses, kxkdInQ costs for Annexed Areas municipal services and facAitses with the revenues received from different and Other New types of land use through available munkipal sources such as prop", ' Development sales, and hotel occupancy tams: franchise, user and service tees; and, other identified sources. The difference will equal the net fiscal Impact on the city. The product of this phase will be a mathematical model for determining the fiscal Impact based upon average development cosh and • revenues. The information necessary to assemble the estimates will be • • J obtained through close coordinstlon with the administrathe and trance departments of the City arid the Vidoda County Appraisal DbVa The fiscal Impact analysis will be submitted to the Cty In Lotus 123 fie format compatible with the Clys requirements, and will Include basic Wilbur Smdh Associates Consuf v Enyfneers A Planners 7 • ran ~.-ter".' • - Demaraphxio Land Use and Fiscal Analyses assumptions regarag the types of cWm1opmenfretated costs factored into the anstysis; cost and revenue averages for di ferent types of land use; which costs, revenues and services are included In the model; and, the propoMt "l agocatloa Of oosts and revenues for dV%wd public faditles and 3wAM and land use types. Goss coordination will be necessary between the Consultant and the City to develop the assumptions and to delamrMe costs related to ft WwAsIon of munkipal services such sa sewer. water. drahape, solid wsste collection. Pt" safety, etC ePHME v . ADMIONAL SE CES Witwr Smith Associates will be avafable to provide hddOMW Servkee 40 the Cily of Victoria durtng the term of the Professional Services Agreement for the Demographic and 1MdM Projectors, Loo Use Demand Mayses, and FbW impact Mdyses Study. Such services will need b be specified in wrbsn amendments to the Agreement. tnduding the scope of work, time schedule, and compensaton for ire proposed services. ERher the My or Corstillart may W de on Additional Semites Agrsemard b@W upon a mqusst by the Cay or for work that Is not txduded h this scope of wNtos, Addwnd SerAces hdude w*n and work that are rat htduded ii to pravtousy descrbed pro)sd approach. Examples of other services and work that would be cofaidemd as Addlonal StrAM IrKWa to follow": (1) Additional workshops and meetings d11er ttM throe Idol x6Aed in the Protect Sctndute; (z) Other work testa or study &&tMes not identified h the Pf*od Approach; (y) Awysas and prWAWN of mcwwm4atons for other mattem or plannig and developmeM t vii sad, (4) attar related or unrelated piannhg swAces that may be required by the City. KVbw &YO Assoclist" COnaUfll<xp Engtr>.ers 6 planners ° it •y Rt~,ra''` 'i'°i}1 SaV'.i t_}4~~ 'CJ,4 7-~"+.,r 4~~T.sfi~lc fy+tw ~ • o.. t, .C"` CA~,f~' I kz.. -a ls~, y~~ - .7 'iie_ ~ ~~~W _ .~a~'i`7.{.t • • MONTHS 1 2 3 4 5 6 PHASE-TASK 1.A-1996 Demographlc Data Set Review 1.6- Projections (W2026SOdiOOCOOOMIC ) To 1.C - Comparative Assessment t.D - Data Formatting and Report Preparation 2.A - Inventory of Current Land Uses 2.B - Analyze the Need for Future Uses 0 Based Upon Market Demand 3.A-Generalized Future Land Use Plan 3.8 - Analysis of Growth Areas ` 4.A -Collect Data from City and Appraisal District • 43 - Prepare Fiscal Impact Model i Meetings and Project Coordination ta • Legend: Teak Dumkn %/0,, Review M"*Vs DrWt &jbmMW ♦ FkW subffAW • Project Schedule Demographic Land Use and Fiscal Analyses Victoria, Texas Figure 7 - r i h n TaWa 1 Estima W pro*t Budpst by Task DwnoprapldR Lane Use and FWW Ar* M Vcbe k Tway M&ad C 14ueb/, AS4A AKP Ab*d In Ct rW J3.00 2 Be 66 2 M 0 0 6 190 "G KraL AMP P*d wmowls4ft PWNW 22.00 9a 2,1 t2 40 660 40 660 64 1,400 240 6,2x0 ►arlrl D. MmAr . AICP N w Phu w 27.00 32 964 14 432 10 432 16 432 60 2.100 A4ry L. Man ftW P1arMr i5.0O 104 1 S0D 00 1.200 60 1,700 6D 100 344 SW pFOMyp 10.00 1e 160 to 160 a 60 a so 40 400 PrMOwm m*AA 13,00 0 104 a 104 a 104 a 104 32 116 Gnvh~ks CAp4W TOTAL pIREC3 250 405 162 1 2 170 3714 750 13 094 MNGEBE7EFITS 4&M%dDFedLabor 2.337 1365 1,327 bX7 3,324 &01 00 OVERHEAD ttar%dviedLOW BOOM 1 W 7,531 7.719 771 X062 T TAL T LADDK PROM 10%d,DL+FBWH 1769 753 732 904 3629 OTHER DRECTE*fNSES DiradI II WidSW*M im 100 "o too 400 OYlmo*raLphSW• 30 30 30 54 1M daf CrW Dhd 136 160 1 TRAVEL a AnSaTEHGE Lbed hemp (a an Pt &W 76 75 ISO 160 450 i A&ft RaY 0 0 0 0 TrwM 0 0 0 p 0 tod*V 3p 60 60 190 Td/ Tr" a Sub hna 1D3 106 21 21 • TOTAL PROJW 1 J6T 114.444 IA649 19 {T7 19790 Is7 h • AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION .:.P sMemoAU,USTg7 aaaaa•a•aaaat a 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0a0 0 •0 0aaa6 6 aa a• a* sass 414,414141014, as ataaa~a~~•• a, orted areas and rm rindualsitesr ( cling An analysis Planning for Growth with fo Development Scenarios `Redeveloping Browalields,' of potential May 1997). development Bj DougLu llfsrrin As an alternative to simply projecting tool wild-out, many scenarios is one For many plutrem aurui&$ growth is* top Priority- communities develop eltemarive Depending on the community, growth may be considered in growth scc=r;m which wustnte technique used inevitable process, a sign of emrwmk and social progress, or it may different ways in which they could by many be undesirable and commun ry sentiment may be to fimir or halt it grow. In that utslyses, commun communities and as much a possible. No matter what the attitude, amununiries are ties usually wave together seeking ways to predict where and how much growth will happen combinations of population regions today to in order to guide it and plat for necessary imprmtmenm growth, cmpioyo ent needs, and plan for new Uncontrolled growth has been linked to a wide any of transportaooa demands. Alterna- impans,£mphaison accommodotingthe automobile has tivegmwthscenaiiosirccurrently growth. resulted in sprcadout development patterns. The number of being done it the city, county, and - roads covering the landscappee hu increased gncady> u have rBiorral ksxls Obsenirtg else eapcnditura on publicirtfnstructure needed to serve growins mule ofa scenario aercise, community leaden and public officials areas. Open spice, both natural and in agricultural production, is on bow undeanrd and corta-ptuaGze the vicious •tmpliations of being transformed into developed land. If this trend conrinues, alto alive patterns Of growth. community life may be a thing of the pan, as people spend more By developing build-out projections or altenutive growth time traveling around than intmctingwithin one place. scenarios, cities can achieve a number of goals, including: Within the planning process a variety ofanilydal techniques have been used to hypothes ie how much a town, a defining future land uses and thew locations; county, or region will grow. Population projection estimates are ■ dictating t communitywide growth policy; commonly based upon past growth rites, regional growth a preserving open space, trends, or other basdines. Theae data are then translated iaro number of hcumholds looking for housing, employca seeking a planing for future transportation and other work, children requiring classroom space, and other services. infrastructure needy, The comprehensive planning process is then used to identify ■ guiding the jobsfhousing balance, and possible meant of mewing these projected needs. While these ■ maintaining or improving quality of life. documents often contain quantitative estimates of future demand, qualitative issues, such as where the development will In addition, the results of a growth scenario an help actually go and why, are not always identified. communities ward off some of the pitfalls of unplanned growth, An analysis of potential development scenarios 4 one such as increased traffic congadoa, crime rata, and housing technique used by many eommuniries and regions to plan for corn; overconsumption of land; accelerated land exists; and new grovah. By viewing such scenarios, communities cars shortages ofinfrutructure service capacity. axertai n how they would like to grow, determine if existing Obwnins a general idea of the location and magnitude of infrauructure is adequate, and implement the necessary polities . future growth also allows planners to communicate be= with • load kadm and citizens. By dui( and ideridf ngwlut a Defining Development Scenwies region win took LkitLM bow rlttgtWity oflifewill beaffected Two different techniques have been used by commualtia to if part developmmt trends continue, plantun an Moore visualize their anticipated growth. buildout scenarios and effectively marry the need to plan for capital facilftia alternative growth scenarios. Build-out, in its most extreme improvements Lad make changes to the future land•Use plan sense, can be defined as the hypothetical time when 4,B Presenting thernatirt growth scenarios to the publk an gtaide developable land parcels in a specified jurisdiction have rnc.ed citizen input and allow more effective integration of tbeit • maximum density and intensity kve4 u allowed tinder the concerns into future policy decisions. ! • current zoning classification. Developable Iand is i relative term, depending on the growth and development ppoolicies of any . o clsassNpin§ Devel"Wold itsesxies area or region. For many communities, buiddout is state of 'W'hen preparing build-out utalyw of Alternative growth development dart most likely will nix occur. By going through strait" Yarrow modeling awthods are trod. Whik the names that exercise, though, they an formulate a w ofn-csse scenario, of the models differ, the end results are fairly similar from place allowing them to take steps now to avert problems that could to place. The but of these dinelopnnertt aumriw link jobs srsd arise. Areas that hive reached build-out an focus their efforts people with a traniportation ayatem that focuses lea on the on iltemative devclopment approaches, such a redevelopment automobile and more on transit use. , • _ ! C' 'A • Toronto. The Metropolitan Toronto planning Department _ has developed five doelopmentVatin alternatives for the ; GreaterToronto Area (GTA): sprawl, fingers, tleconcerttnted centers, concentration, and reinvestnunt centem Sprawl L characterized by haphazard growth. The fingers alternative focuses new growth along corridors outride metropolitan FidOW tkMO*" Toronto in a'finger' partern• expanding the urban envelope. l'- ricer (1~~ Drcomenuved centers also allows for new growth outside metropolinn Toronto, but is focused in and uound new or W, I existing urban « ntcm Thew centers, mmprsrag a regional S . i r. a w r ~s+w. rw rr.a.w structure of centers, would become pan of the e target development hicrucby and extend beyond the GTA. n ...r., In the oncentnrion aoenario, growth would occur within metropolitan Toronto and older areas of the GTA through r y onus "wr reds dopment and 4tQ dforts. Fin*, the re mesrsornt centers s r a.. scenario embraces demcnis of both the conceruntion and the rl t, Y- r W deconcentrated centtrs scenarios Part of the new growth would be Sefrarnmal a At w1a accommodated through inten4ing development within i t y lP R s6.a a 4 ri ors 4r.Yl w metropollun Toronto and the V7.1 and the remainder within the nom alhr.en'w fas717as Yrarrias T4 sj existing urban envclopa of the communities of Durham 14J'on, F s l fal arr a"~ n" s 4 e1" and Pea Growth would be supported through redevelopment to c1y e a t of a99rA 7br a rLL rwtrv~rcsrwr a n .rest 4v l1+rr anar is thew areas and der nt of ttie undeveloped areas r higher a•be r kw.ip tray e o Ynsaur/ a rd ring ar4sa asst/ gr xharafrrenaaeiaa deruioesthan currendy exist. hfonrVWr7Cote"r~,MuAndIneonaasr,Montgomery County, Maryiand, dami6es growth anahsn into two err socioeconomic scenarios, economic anA geographic. These two scenarios, based on four factors-jobs, housing, land-use l ebagne ueraeas patterns, and policy incentives-cocourage more transit use. yr sy -L Combinations of different economic and geographic scenarios } + are analyzed to project various policy outcomes. -Z i• w"~" The economic scenario are subdivided into four groups slow, fast, jobs, and housing, Flch oftheat ategor on is i dependent on two variables, jobs and housing units Along with ti r o.. r s`s,a wtr~ the tow categories of economic scenarios is a vend scenario. y . n t.+a.e This reAeca no changes in land-use or tnnsporution policies, r r ""'~""^s and growth tontinurs as foiccast. s• a The slow scenario restrains employment and housing r tom"' growth, while the Fast scenario encourages policies that stimulate employment and housing. The jobs sconces o { i rn" s e~ al6tJGea . y r encouragespolicinstimularingemploymenibutc=wthirag eertel"&LnuL T4lsns"i.gr to liter the trend scenario in terms of housing. Finally, the %s shown t darn d 4y'!/sv Ar~i , wins housing scenario produces a dnmatk increase in the bowing Dwlgs kdraelxi" ' 4 'J'e10 AlNObdi crock but keeps the same number of jobs as the trend scenario. ait4 °w^a'r t+ ^a^aK "t1°w" ^~r'"ssrsita aka `~"I7raA The three alternative geographic seenarim developed by , Montgomery County, with which the economic scenarios are linked, are auto, van, and raiL The auto scenario Ieflecu the ` t t • continued dependence on the automobile. Additional ! v 1 tnnsponation apaciry under this scenario would come from papraN Aaloeran future higbwsy development. Alternatively, the vas scenario Year focuses on the dn,elopment of"series of lanes Fx buses and can carrying at kue three people. Under this scenario,. transportation capacity is expanded due to high occupancy vehicle (HOV) can and buses Finally, the nil scenario focuses w o on transit u , primarily light rail Under this geographic • scenario, network eonnectMcy-the connection of "Weis and .r". wa""r tw • • destinations to optirniu ridership-n maximized. a w..arr Aker the alternative economic and geographic scepa6w are 6111 compiled, links are made to form'geo-economic' atenarios r whereby jobs and household units in art ewnamie scenuia are t? Dou; u Msron is " f r"sn APA rixed" i"unt. Nr L rrmmt~t star no w uqubidsn spaitlisr raids Lixderft4e Carjorrn" in rlbq, MW is 2 a~ • • divided and assigned to geograph al subareas. Upon higher the basic tights percentage, the further into the completion, the geo-economic scenarios are applied to two future additiond rights can be used. computerized impact asseument models (TRAVEL and ■ Exercising additional rights is dependent on when FISCAL) to simulate possible alternative growth scenarios. roadway improvermens are scheduled to be completed. %ferceA Gsliforsrue In 1990, the city of Merced, California, as Developers may accocrate use of additional rightsby published Merced 1030: How Shosrld Wr Grow' The primary exchanging rights wit }t a property owner located within purple of this document was to give residents and political the same timed growth district Fgutu an opportunity to considtr the advantages and disadvantages of various growth scenarios in the development of ■ Developers may select to build as 60 percent of their total the Merced 2030 Growth Plan. rights and concede a 40 percent down:oning. Three growth concepts were proposed: Sprawling City, ■ To accelerate all additional rights, developers an pay for Central City, and Mulo•Center. The Sprawling Ciry model is road improvements both within and outside the district characterized by dispersed development. Under this model, the needed to accommodate fnueased craft. city would expand as permitted under current honing, ex sting Certain exemptions to the rimed growth phasing tee streets would be widened, and public services extended. into red into the ordinance. These include affordable Deceloptnentwould Inp frog to parcels outside the city limits . rpon In contrast, the Central City model would build upon current housing, two lot subdivisions, and public user. The ordinance is infrastructure. Growth would occur in a concentric ring pattern, flexible, offers property owners a variety of alternatives, and has and the emphasis would be on adding onto existing developmeot been frond legally dcfcnsible. rather than constructing new development. Uses would also be Ce~rY~~flny ffitsll~•~tn PH[Af4gM/a expanded vertically in the form of taller b s tidings and parkhtg One of the ggrdeatest challenges in conducting a build-oar or garages in the downtown district. The outlying growth I% alterrutive development uenario is coal ing rusorsabk th eigh primarily consist of new residential developmen i n ev hot- rte Marion and w rat is uld * regarding Poi plow grow meat wo assum hood services such as schools and parks This delop complement existing commercial areas, with le commuting the earn' I M the Boulder, Colorado, Community Matting peop to the city cent" for work and recreation p. & Development Department conducted a build-out pfo*tion urposes Finally, the MultfCenttr model is characterized by self- analysis for the Boulder Valley are. Data on housing unless, sufficient vi0age developments. Downtown Merced would still population, and employment projections were compiled into a serve as a primary point of interest, linking the villages. three-part 1994 Data Sourceboak. Crosstown traffic would be reduced, but downtown economic The lust conmuu a summary of population and bossing unity compiled from 1990 US. Census data. Also included is a want try would be ma ntained This model assumes that people want to live, work, shop, enjoy recreation activities, and go to summary of a 1990 study of Boulders employment figures, school all within the ssme relative vicinity. conducted by the Denver Regional Council of Governments Of the three models, the Multi•Center model was selected as the (DRCOG). pteferred growth alternative. This n dd wu used by d e pTzt n' Pan two of the sourcebook contains adjustments to the ruff to develop lust r te•specifse growth scenarios for Merced, rah 1990 census data to obtain population data as of January f 994. incorporating the vtllagc concept and addressing impacts on land Budclirsg permit records usd development excise tan payment use, sewer, water, circulation, and bc*m and signals. The pfcfcrmd records wttc used to dttetrrine the number of housittg units scenario, whkh locusts growth to the nor+of down rown, was added and square footage of commercial and WustrW formally adopted November 1990 in the Merced 2030 Growth development constructed from 1990 to 1994. Population Pfau. In April 1997 Merced adopted in revised general pin, which growth was esiunated using an approximate household Sim and includes the adopted growth scenario and acts de pxc for how dw the number of additional employers was derived from estimates city will handle furor: growth to 2015. of number of empkyea per square foot Wet Windsor, NswItrrry. One of the fastest growing The adjusted data were used to detcrrrr tnt buildasst townships in central New jersey, West Windsor used its build. projections presented in the final part of the document. The out analysis to urrve at a method for allowing new development actual bum-out projections Were based on the amount of in the township to occur as roadway capacity became available. vacant land in the city and the tires most likely to be redevd- Ey using historical growth rates, full build-out for the oiled. Assumptions were trade about future land uses and dwif • community was projected to occur in 50 yam In response to Intefwty, site of househobds, and number of employees pet this, the community developed a 50-year capital improvement square foot program (CIP) to allow a roadway system to be developed to jeen Hagen, a plarsnin6 associate with the Boulder serve the needs of the commun ty at full build-out. The Community Planning and Development Department, says roadway improvements sue based on a road corridor scheme 'doing a build-out ansfysis L not as eompla as it may sew.' It that schedules improvements in accordan a with the intensity of depends on the quality and quantity of data that it community td, as community su and that particular area's zoning. Those areas more intensely used has to begin with. Other facrom s vital role tadoing will receive improvements first, , w He the rotal parts of the the arrwuar of redevrlopable Id. also play & • township will receive improvements last buuout anal • • To implement the phasing upect of the CIP, a tiered growth '(Tax) aseasor's parcel data. Information teprding land ordinance was the Chown mechanism. The following are the value and square foonge, and data about a Comm t~ s vacant rruin attribute of the ordinance: laud provide the nucleus uoursd which the stttsal occur," says Hagen. 'One of the mapt problems we bad was ■ Township is divided inro 10 timed growth districts. linking the assenor's Pared date with our Geographic ■ Developers recelve'basic' and'sdditional'rights-the lnformatioa S)-rem (G15).Once tbedam were linked rheGIS 3 r. • • dctcrrrned where the taant paruu were located and which of reporu, maps, and graphs; crating different suitability parcels' land values were grata than their building values, in option by selecting various environmental factors; and produc- order to ascertain which land was redevelopable.' ing suitability maps, graphs, and reports. Using population, Hagen said that she and the GIS administrator were the two employment, and housing characteristics, demand for land uses main players in doing the build-out analysis. 'Most of the work can be estimated and appropriate land-use controls an be was done on spreadsheets and then equations were run to created and implemented. This analysis can be done for project square footage, then square footage per employee, to municipalities, tub-counties, or regional areas. Outcomes an be determine employment projections.' arsalysed using benchmarks and evaluation criteria. More. informrion on the What W planning support system Compvtor Simula Mess can be found atwww.dcigu.comfwhadf/whatif.him. In addition to using GIS applications to automate build-out or growth scenarios, communities an use computer simulation. CttineW81on DRAM-LWAL During 19%, the Northcastirm Illinou As the variety of techniques used by communities around the Planning Commission (NI PC) and the Chicago Area country indicates, there is no one absolute method of Transportation Study (CATS) developed sevcnl alternartivc conducting a development scenario analysis. Aspects of the growth scenarios for the s~tounry region of nottlseastem techniques described here could be adopted by any city, county, Illinois using a computer model called DRAM-EMPAL region, or stare concerned about the future. As with all planning (Disapgregated ResidenrW Allocation Model-Employment applications, involvement of the public in these ar. 'ysa is Allocation). This model, used in conjunction with the CATS important Some communit i us-- computer simulation and Combined ModcL has been used to simulate how busiaasea statistical programs to calculate future population and and households decide where to bate. Moreover; the models employment projecrions, as well u view alternative growth are able to determine how these decisions arc leveraged by the scenarios. Growth o somerhing that has to be dealt with and transportation system and, conversely, they will affect the planned for, or a community may suffer were consequences. transportation system. DRAM-EMPAL analyrn the current location patterns of households and bwinesses, how they are related to each other, and their relationship to the transportation system Using these AGrrrunw floras fir Nndsrarurss filio ir. data, the model applies current rr(atioaships to possible future Norduasrern Inioois Kimiaagg Cnmm scion, 1996, growth pattems and makes predictions as to where households Alunvriw Srvw,n,. Analpin a JFsrlarrie e and jobs will choose to locate in the region. Using DRAM- Compreberuive Growth Pokey Study, Volume 2. EMPAL predictions, the Combined Model datimin et the Montgomery County, Maryland. Plasusin accessibility ofdiffrrent paro of the region to one another and Department and the Marylaod-Nassooal C4apid calculates total travel cost Park and Planning Commission, 1989. These results can be adjusted further by introducing certain DiScullo, Alan M. and Gerald). Miller. 'War growth and/or transportation policies; this is what the different I1 Ma rruyMns Growth Matuge Progrvn' Nrr develoment scenarios an take radical turns. Private individual n r peer tr Novr obei 1 tro P 7br GIA G arrpnf4r for frrrrr. Metropolitan decisions are kept constant but are altered when public policy Toronto, Ontario, Planning Department, 1990. decisions are made. If, for example, DRAM-EMPAL b told to lbr 14r7AUd plaanbgpnjfrc City of bouldv, limit growth in agricultural area, this decision would becorne a Colorado, Community Pluming and Development policy protecting farmland, Department, July 1993. DRAM-EhIPAL is limited in function, however. The model Klosterman, R chard L'T1se What M Planting produces simulations relating to home and job locations based supper Syaem.e Plan i2, 1.LC, January IM on actual changes in tramporntion and demographics. Over the Merrrd 2030: Xw Sh MWe Grad. Cry of Merced, last 20 gars, a decentralized pattern of development bas California, Commmunity Dcvdopmast and Public Works IM. occurred throughout northeastern Illinois. DR"-EMPALwill IM Dardts D ,Ssaowxrekvk- rMuch M of , assume this same development pattern unless programmed Pspalniea ea/ Easpf xV47asrw Ca/o! y of der, iuGry • Otherwise. Thus, the model would have difficulty simulating a Colorado, Community Planning and Daelopmear development pattern drastically different from the trend. The Deparunent, July 1991. model is in fact simulating bow the market will pIcy true 1t is if? Plus id, a planning consulring firm base ! in Columbia, Maryland, released in interactive, GIS-based •~~aa planning support system called Whit if? in M.rch 1997. The n. rASar caw k s madur w►sueaa FK beaSas w the Maaakq M-Wry Sa.k.. Set system can crate alternative development scenarios and a °1iaijoie . a am a ti de Maeroa Mag Araeks FnA a. taea,d.r t7wesm, Viasra A. MAA. Dvawr or aa.rd determine d sir impact on population uends, employment n. P,u ar„e k p AvevJ y,ve .set Is Ck;=@ ftaand ana .&tag by Rnurd trends, and future patterns of land use. Like DRAM-FMPAL De*v mA Marra f gar oa Dotp yF a..~.' t Vlrhat iP seeks to ascertain future dervelo mentconditions gireo Dq s x&A rid"' CUemhk ' • O predetermined policy decisions. PeGcy decisions concerning cr6a.p, so6oS; C0. R gw y -aau'k aatna 4ftA' " to a deae ,t Sit" saoa r M," A.ecie. k infrastructure and alternative land-use controls an be altered sue lndq. *Oka a L77 xn~. n ,la.rt sea, WAL,p.a. DC laex and incorporated into the model. Data concerning future M ry„aa..d Kepad6h ..sk r. t*&mvd 1466 IN seta population and employment trends, developmentdensida,and k tirmr~d■*a°k« g~«0°'~k'g"'°ty«~rw household characteristics an be entered into the model kmmoka"M1mmi q oa 'r°` ~ `RttOs+°a a*WOIIM° What 1P allows users to develop different land-use planning y"M b,,Ydj y„d,s,q sums egest tea scenarios, including viewing dam of the study am in the form s.e tow Preaaar.r...at 4 loop Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. Professional Paper LAND USE FORECASTING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED CTPIES Au&" Makoha Drummond r Pns"ed of T rtuion Research Board National Confereaoe Duluth, Minaesota Mare 1994 - c. y.y_ J•=u-mot I ABSTRACT LAND USE FORECAS'IWG FOR SMALL AWD MEDIUM SIZED CITIES By Makolm,ruzr+ i4HBA, Sacramento, California Land use patterns in small and medium sized cities have changed significantly in the last decade. Land use forecasting for community and transportation planning requires more sophisticated approaches than used In the past. A thorough understanding of existing development and the emerging land use trends provides a sound basis for land use forecasting. Several major studies on land use published between 1955 and 1992 provide a benchmark for comparative analysis. These mayor land use studies starting with the Harland Bartholomew book of 1958 and concluding with the 1992 APA study, provide land use data for a large number of cities, indicating the "percent of total developed area' used for the residential, commercial, industrial, and other categories. Comparative data Is also available on an 'acres per 100 persons of population" basis. Recent trends in residential development, such as desire for larger lots, exclusionary zoning, and suburbanization, have increased land use ratios In this category. The direct opposite Is expected as the future trend. Demographic changes, higher land costs, and more multiple dwellings will reduce the proportional residential land use share of the total development. Conversely, commercial and industrial land use, as a percent of total developed area is expected to continue to Increase. Strip centers, small town discount stores, and offices moving to suburbs (while temporarily on hold due to the economy) are expected to continue to increase the ratios of commercial and industrial land use. This presentation will provide summaries of the major national studies as well as methodologies that should be considered for land use forecasting and extensive land use tabulations for small and medium sized cities. ~„tr5p~~~rl7d+tJ ~ri4kc~} r3-1ri~~ Nl~n~"tL. C~~.t~~~' MAY 05, rfsy au tu7u, a+^! , Y • • FORECASTING LAND USE IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED CITIES By Malcolm C. Drummond Harland Bartholomew & Associates, Inc. I. INTRODUCTION A sound land use forecast is important element of transportation planning. It is an important basis for travel forecast models used in transportation planning. A land use forecast should be based on current population and land use data. Also, an analysis of the forces that brought the city to its current form should be developed as well as land use trends and other factors that will impact future land use. A review of land use trends and related data for other small, and medium sized cities provides valuable clues for a land use forecast. II. MAJOR LAND USE STUDIES IN THE U.S. Several major studies on land use published between 1955 and 1992 provide bench marks for comparative land use analysis. The APA, in their publication, 0 P11.~ncs s_4d~;aQry Sen^ce b"=emo. August 1991", recognized four major surveys of land use, as follows: • The first major study was completed by Harland Bartholomew & Associates (HBA) in 1953, published in 1955 as "Land i1se in Ammican Cities." This study included land use data for 86 cities and 11 urban areas. • The second study was by Eisner and Associates, based on land use data complied between 1939 and 1985. APA suggested this study covered too long a span of years. • The third major study was prepared in 1973 for 22 large cities, with the result published in "Urban Land Polices and Land ''se Coy of Measures." • Finally, a fourth study was completed in 1983 by Grevory Longhins and Michael Sutton for APA. It provided land use data and ratios for 22 small and 46 large cities. (PAS Memo May 1983). The land use information from the APA PAS Memo. August 1992, in this paper. This study included 34 small cities and 32 large cities. • Also included is the *Land Use Statistics! T es` publication of Harland , i Bartholomew & Associates in 1953 and 1910. This later analysis included 583 cities and 187 townships and counties. This probably represents the most extensive land use analysis. • Finally, data from a 1989 study by the California Office of Planning and Research • • (OPR). This analysis includes 21 cities under 100.000 and 6 cities over 100.000. /ORESCAPnMP LAMP PEP IN irAU AND MrPirx emirs PA012 • • Different land use analysis methodologies are used in these studies. A frequently used method is to examine the .Wrcent of developed area" represented by each land use category. An example of this method is as follows: Land Use Category Percent of the Developed Area Residential 50 Commercial 10 Industrial 15 Public & Semi Public 100 25 Total The "developed area" includes actual land used for urban purposes and excludes street and highway rights-of way, agriculture, eater areas and vacant land. The other method used to analyze land use is the acres to population ratio, expressed as "acres l ~~l -r f1fK? psi ~f p4Aulatio An example of this method is as follows: Land Use Category Acres Used per 1000 Population Residential 40 Commercial Industrial t' 12 Public & Semi-Public Total 75 acres The "percent of developed area" method may show that half of future development may be residential - but the question is "half of what." The "percent" method does not provide actual acres used or needed in the future. The "acres per population" method does indeed provide forecasted development in actual acres needed! In the above "population" example - if a population of 1,000 requires 75 acres . than a growth population of 10,000 would require 750 acres, and so on. The actual forecasted future acres of course translates in dwelling units, population, floor area and employment. III. LAND USE TRENDS A Comparison of the land use studies conducted between 1953 and 1992 • provides an excellent insight into the changing trends in land use that have occurred over a forty year period. These past and recent trends provide clues for future land use forecasting. Developing comparable data from the previously mentioned major land use studies resulted in the use of five studies; the Harland Bartholomew & Associates studies of 1953 and 1977; the APA studies of 1983 and 1992: and the OPR study of 1989. In order to provide land use data for small • cities under 100,000 and medium - large cities over 100,000, new data w2s • • tabulated from the HBA studies and the OPR study. FCSESCASriSE IAIIS USE III SMALL AND MEDIUM CITIES PAEE 8 • • „t The Harland Bartholomew & Associates land use data was recompiled, combining cities in the under 100,000 category for the first time, and in a 100,000 to 250,000 population grouping for the first time. Also, several cities in the OPR group were orrutted due to their lack of complete data. The APA studios were already presented in "percent of developed area" over and under 100,000 population groups. Raw land use data was used to develop "acres per 1,000" data. Table 1 Land Uses as a Percent of Developed Area Cities under 100,000 population Land Use Category HBA/1953 HBA/1970 APA/1983 O13R/1989 APA/1992 41 Cities 275 piths 22 CI ties dpi 34 Chien Single Family 51 5 A 49 41 Multile Famil 9 5 NA - 13 11 Total U 5 48 Residential Commercial 4 6 7 10 10 Industrial 8 l0 8 15 7 Public & Semi- 28 26 37 13 31 Public Tota 105 lUU IOU 1100 lUU iues over IUU,000 Population NBA/1953 HBA/1970 APA/1983 OPR/1989 APA/1992 12 Cities 23 Cities 46 Cities 6 Cities 32 Cities iaa a Family 46 49 9 46 38 Multi le Family 13 10 11 9 10 Total 59 9 48 55 46 Residential Commercial 5 6 9 11 10 Industrial 10 12 19 12 10 Public & Semi 26 23 31 22 32 Public -Total IOU IOU lUU lUU Source: See text Comparisons of "land use as a percent of developed area" is presented in Table 1. The "Multiple Family" land use category includes all residential uses other than single family. Due to differences in classification systems - no further breakdown of commercial (central, neighborhood, office, etc.) or industrial was possible. The public and semi-public category includes schools, parks, institutions, public • facilities and open spaces. • • A review of the "percentages" for cities under 100.000 in Table 1 indicates a continuing fluctuation in single family residential, industrial aid public & semi- FDRISCAA71MD LAND PSI IN !MALL AND *IDIOM CITUS PAIR Z r. • public, with no apparent trend. Ilse commercial percent increased steadily from 4 percent of total developed ana in 1953 to 10 percent in the 1989 and 1992 studies. A review of the percentages for cities over 100,000 indicates even more fluctuations - with no real trends, except for commercial.. As with the smaller cities - the commercial percent increased steadily from 1953 to 1989. , One can only conclude that the "percent of developed area" method provides a picture of basic land use relationships but cannot indicate trends in land use. Residential has historically occupied half the urban area with commercial and industrial at about ten percent each in both the small and the larger cities. An analysis of land use and population ratios does indeed provide an indication of land use trends (see Table 2). The 1953 RBA studies shown an average of 33.4 acres per 1,000 population used for residential. This average increased to 45.9 acres in 1970, 52.6 acres in 1989 and finally to 59.8 per 1,000 population in 1992. This is a significant trend Even more telling is the trend in the average acres pef 1,000 population for commercial. This category increased from 1.9 acres per 1,000 in 1953, to 4.6 acres seventeen years later in 1970 and to 8.0 acres nineteen years later in 1989. By 1992 the commercial reached 11.7 acres per 1,000 population. This also, is a s^.'gnificant trend! Equally revealing is the increase in industrial acres per 1,000 population. The average in 1953 was 4.5 acres, increasing to 13.1 acres per 1,000 population in the 1989 survey. Probably the most dramatic statistic in this acres per 1,000 population analyses is the total developed land used. In 1953, in the smaller cues (under 100,000 population) the total was 55.7 acres per 1,000 and in 1989 it was 84.4 acres per 1,000. By 1992 it was over 100 acres per 1,000 population, nearly doubling in 40 years. This suggests that a city of 50,000 in 1953 occupied 2,785 net acres or 4.4 square miles. A city of 50,000 in 1998 occupied an average of 5,020 net acres or 7.8 square miles. It should be pointed out that the foregoing "net developed areas' should be increased to include streets, railroads and intervening vacant land. This often represents one third of a city's area y FORESCASTIRS LARD CSS IN SMALL AND MSDIYM 0I711S PASS S • ' i' . 4' y - $t}~n x~•~',~.'~¢1 , %e • , j~r$C^'i y,.~k r t `YkL ~r•I "•S'+ V'~' ~ Jm4 ~1 4+ • Table 2 Land Use - Acres Per 1000 Population Cities Under 100,000 Population Land Use HBA/1953 HBA/1970 OPR/1989 APA/1992 Category 4 i 275 Cities 21, Cities 3 Cities Single Family 28.2 41.6 1.4 44. Multi Family 5.2 4.3 11.2 15.2 Total 33.4 45.9 52.6 59.8 Residential Commercial 1.9 4.6 8.0 11.7 Industrial 4.5 7.6 13.1 12.8 Public & Semi 15.9 21.0 10.7 16.1 Public Total 5.7 79.1 84.4 0O.UU sties Over 100,000 Population HBA/1953 NBA/1970 OPR/1989 APA/1992 12 Cities 23 Cities 6 Cities 32 Cities Single Family 19.0 26.7 43.7 43.6 Multi Ie Famil 5.5 5.6 8.9 11.7 Total 24.5 32.3 52.6 55.3 Residential Commercial 2.2 3.2 11.2 10.7 Industrial 4.4 6.9 12.1 13.1 Public & Semi 10.6 12.5 12.5 14.4 Public Total 41.7 54.9 88.4 93.5 Source: See text Residential land uses have occupied the largest share of our urban areas since Harland Bartholomew's first study of land uses in 1953. As shown in Table 1, residential uses have always occupied half of the cities total developed area. A low ratio of duplexes and apartments were constructed during the sixties - thus the "multiple family" category declined by 1970 as new single family housing was developed in the suburbs. By 1989 and 1992 this category increased as a percent of the total. The increasing use of land for single family residential and multiple family residential is more clearly portraved in Table 2. which presents Land Use in terms • of acres per 1,000 persons of population. The "acres per 1,000 population" for single family increased from _8.2 acres in 1953 to 41.6 acres in 1970. In the , period between 1970 and 1992, the average multiple family acres per 1,000 increased form 4.3 acres to 15.2 acres (see Table 2). The increasing use of the automobile and home ownership lead to the • suburbanization on the fringes of small and medium sized cities. This expansion • • of cities included the trend to larger lot sizes. Not only did market demand push up residential lot sizes, but also zoning regulations continually increased minimum t !DAISCAS11NO LAND YSS IM SMALL AND MEDIUM Crr?1$ PASS S ' i • • required lot sizes in the zoning districts. Lots of 5,000 and 8,000 square feet in 1950 ordinances, were augmented with new zoning districts that required minimum lots of 10,000 - 15,000 and even 20,000 square feet. Contributing to the trends were comprehensive plans that called for decreasing residential densities. (A dwelling unit density of 3 dwelling units per acre creates an average lot of about 12,000 square feet.) The ratio of "single family housing to multiple family housing" changed significantly between 1953 and 1992. Small towns did not have a lot of multiple housing in the 1950 and 1960 decades and medium sized cities had only slightly more. Thus, if you sense that a lot of duplexes, townhouses, and apartments, have been built in the last two decades - you are right. Land use trends also back up this conclusion. In 1955, for small cities, Harland Bartholomew & Associates' study indicated an average of 85 percent of residential developed area in single family and 14 percent in multiple family. The APA 1992 study indicated 79 percent single family and 21 percent multiple family. For medium cities the ratio for single family was 80 percent and 20 percent for multiple family. By 1992 it changed to 74 percent single family and 26 percent multiple family. The trend is larger lot sizes and land areas for single family and an increased ratio of multiple family in both small and medium sized cities. The substantial increases in commercial "acres per 1,000 population" is a trend that has been well documented over the years. In 1953, most downtowns were still the retail. financial, and service center of the City. By 1970 shopping centers in suburbia. and the decentralization of office to follow new housing increased the commercial category to 4.6 acres per 1,000 population. These uses became more spacious in thew new suburban locations. The shopping center provided high parking ratios. Zoning requirements in the 1960's for 5 parking spaces per thousand square feet of floor area created parking lots that were only needed during holiday shopping. This ratio has been reduced to 3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of floor area in many cities. Where 100,000 people were served 190 acres (for commercial land uses) in 1953, by the year 1989 a total of 800 acres was required. The move to the "edges" by shopping centers and office developments resulted in the expected shift of other commercial uses. Supporting services such as office • supplies and travel agents; and services for new residents such as banks, theaters and bowling alleys compounded growth in the suburban areas. Many of the new suburban commercial land uses occupied larger sites as they moved to the suburbs. Good examples of this are car dealerships who went from a typical one-fourth of a block in the City to 5 or 10 acres on a suburban arterial. • Drive in banks, larger supermarkets, filling stations of the 1970's were followed by strip commercial developments, leading to the use of 5 to 10 acres per 1,000 • O persons for the aggregate of all commercial uses. A review of individual city statistics clearly indicates this trend. FONAl CAOriNO LAND Ott IN SMALL AND NID1OM C17111 PADS f r • • Another contributing factor was the trend to larger office space. The average of 100 to 150 square feet per employee in the 1950's gave way to 200 plus square feet of floor area per employee in the 1970's. Also the suburban office development were more horizontal - with one level predominately in the suburbs versus multi story in the older downtowns. Trends in industrial land use ratios are more complex and there is more diversity between small cities and medium sized cities. While some smaller cities have retained their industrial uses, many have lost their one or two major large industrial employers. Many medium sized central cities over 100,000 have lost significant amounts of industrial employment and land use. This is due to several trends: • A shift to horizontal buildings on large sites from old central city vertical buildings. A shift from rail transportation to trucking. Also less water transportation in some regions and more air cargo for critical goods. • A "follow the leader" effect to the suburbs - to follow workers, business, and services; with a concurrent shift to sites with highway access. • A change in warehousing technology from vertical (with freight elevators) to horizontal facilities with conveyers and forklifts. • A shift in distribution and short term storage - fewer storerooms in retail stores and manufacturers with showrooms and warehousing on larger sites. Many intermediate distributors - wholesalers eliminated by new arran,ements, such as direct buying by retailers. • Many companies locating in businesslresearcb parks and selected larger tracts that exceeded actual current needs. This was considered a good investment and safety value for future expansion. The excess land is often considered "developed industrial" in land use surveys. • It is well known that the ratio of floor area to land area has declined over the ~ years with the trend to larger sites. This is usually expressed as the floor area ratio (FAR). An FAR of 3.0 (three story building covering the entire lot) in older downtowns changed to a FAR of less than 1.0 in the suburbs. A FAR of 1.0 on a one acre lot would require a mull-level building in order to provide parking. • A "building coverage" of twenty percent on a one acre lot is more the norm. This • • would be a FAR of 0.30. It is difficult to exceed a building coverage of 35 percent of a lot and provide a parking ratio of one parking space (350 to 400 square feet). In many tides - this building to land relationships is expressed as FOAESCAJTIMS &AND USE IM SMA(l AND MEDIUM CITIES /ASE r • "intensity of use" for commercial and industrial use, as opposed to 'dwelling unit density" for residential areas. Continuing lower building coverage of lots, lead to more and more land being used for commercial and industrial uses. There does not appear to be any recognizable trend in the amount of land used for public and semi-public uses, The percent of developed area (see Table 1) fluctuated considerably for small cities. In the cities over 100,000, the percent of developed area ranged from 22 to 32 percent. The acres per 1,000 population also shifted (see Table 1). No trend can be identified by the several studies. Smaller cities have substantial differences in the amount of land used for public and semi-public uses. In a small college town, the campus can be as large as all the -.!her urban uses combined. A town with a large established institution will always have a high ratio. The only valid observation is that in small sized cities, about 10 to 20 acres per 1,000 population is used for public and semi public uses. Medium sized cities (and large cities) usually have a complete array of public and arassite sen-~-public uses. lions and major cultural land a recrteational activitiesrving regional large institutions 4rrrstt end I~igh~t-of-Wav Transportation and communication rights-of-way corridors, and easements obviously occupy a significant amount of land in urban areas. While not a "land use' in the strict sense, they must be included in any complete land use analyses. Three of the foregoing studies included data on the streets/highwayyslriQhts-of- way category. All cities in the HBA studies (1953 and 1970) and 34 of the 42 titles in the OPR study (1989) included "streets" data. Comparative data is presented in Table 3. In the small cities, the percent of developed area and acres per 1,000 population for the street declined in the 1953-1989 period. Cities of under 100,000 in the 1959s contained a large share of the older "grid pattern of streets" with small blocks. Even with new development with longer blocks and cul-de-sacs, the percent of developed area only decreased from 33 to 30 percent as the old pattern still dominates. By 1959 newer subdivisions and commercial developments represented a large share of the total city. In the small city the acres per 1,000 populations for streets also declined. The compared surveys indicate that the cities of over 100,000 experienced a steady increaus in the acres per 1,000 for streets (see Table 3). This could confirm the concept that land and facilities for transportation are greater in larger urban • areas. This could also be explained by the need for more streets as the urban area becomes more spacious, with larger residential lots,- (more front feet per unit), larger commercial centers and larger industrial sites. FORIOCAS77ND LAND DII 10 SMALL AMD MEDIUM Grin IA Df a Table 3 Land Use For Streets and Rights-of-Way Cities Under 100,000 Survey Percent of Developed Acres Per x.,000 Areas Population BA - 1953 33 27. HBA -1970 30 23.8 OPR -1989 21 21.5 Cities Over 100.000 Population A - 195 27 15.7 NBA - 1970 34 18.5 OPR - 1989 21 24.0 Source: See text - These studies do provide a basic rule for city and transportation planners; that is that streets and rights-of-way will comprise twenty percent of an urban area and that at least 20 to 25 acres are needed per 1,000 persons of population. IV. FUTURE TRENDS The upward trend in the residential land use ratio may level off in the future. Demographic and economic changes could reduce the demand for single family homes - which consume the largest amount of land. A gradual lowering of our national standard of living , higher land costs, larger required down payments, combined with smaller family slits, and more retired households wt71 all contribute to the preference for duplexes, townhouses, apartments, group housing and other multiple housing types that are less costly and use less land. Also contributing to this trend are such disparate factors such as environmental regulations and the high costs of extending public utilities to large lot areas. In medium sized cities, travel time and distances are a factor to be considered. This trend to more multiple housing could be more prevalent in smaller and medium sized cities in the future. In some small cities and medium sized cities, the Central Business District is no E longer the dominant retail business center of the community. However, some older CBD's have stabilized and assumed a different role, with offices, some specialty shops, business services and financial institutions. Other CBD's remain in the twilight zone with no real strategic use. Many of the smaller cities, usually those with less than 25,000 or located near a larger city, have never had a full range of retaWcornmercial use either downtown e or on the :'nnge. This may change in the future - meaning more commercial land J per 1,000 Fersons of population. PONESCASJ7110 LAW elf IN SMALL AND MSOIOM Crrr(S PASS S S • • The increase in the "percent of developed area" and or the "acres of land per 100 person" for commercial land use should continue in the future. This trend will be more prevalent in the smaller cities, as the new types of retail development come to the small towns, following the fast food establishment and other forerunners. These emerging commercial land uses consume larger amounts of land, especially compared to old downtowns and strip areas., Commercial land use ratios are expected to continue to increase in small sized cities. This transition from limited corrunercW to a full commercial may of business types has already occurred in a number of cities. The ratios in the smaller cities should increase to be more equal to the medium sized cities. Retailing and servicing practices are continually changing to such things as super-drug stores, discount stores, gas/food marts and factory outlets. Each change brings more demands for land. Part of the process is that there stems to be high rate of casualties - vacant stores downtown, vacant filling stations and boarded up strip stores. But they are still measured in the land use survey again. The acres of land for commercial purposes will probably increase in the 1999s in both small and medium sized cities. While the ratio of industrial land increased substantially from the 1950's through the 1980's, from about 5 acres per 1,000 in the 1959s to over 10 acres per 1,000 of population in the 1980's, this trend may level off in the future. The countrys shift from basic manufacturing to service industries is evidenced by employment pries. These new uses often require less land than basic hmanufactuu ling uuses. fiber The use of land for public and semi-public cannot be forecast in the aggregate. Each city has a unique combination of government, medical, education and religious institutions. Past trends seem to indicate that their uses will usually comprise about 10 to 15 acres per 1,000 persons of population. V LAND USE FORECASTING Any land use forecast for general or transportation planning should include the following elements: • An inventory of recent land use - but not necessarily too detailed a classification system. • A comparison of the city's ratios with the average for another group of cities, such as the studies referenced in this paper. This comparison should highlight differences that require answers. • An understanding of the factors that may influence the growth of each major land use category. • • • A educa"d judgment of the future ratios - i.e., acres per 1,000 population for residential. commercial and industrial, /A fl ff Jr F011 JJ CAJ flifJ LAND tlJt JM SMALL AND Ml0lVM f:l rfp t ~.MIT- -77= ~ i recognizing that a 20 year forecast will be good for only about S years. Forecasting land use is easier for cities with a population of over 100,000. They have a more complete range of land cues and. tend to be similar in the aggregate. They usually have every conceivable land use even though their land use patterns and arrangements vary extensively: Smaller cities will or are going through continuous commercial transition. Generally, they will evolve to the average of other cities. They is a considerable amount of homogenitation going on irk our cities. National businesses are bringing their medium city establishments to smaller and smaller cities. While Walmart started in the small towns and cities of under 25,000, most of the national firms started out is large cities and now are placing their outlets in cities regardless of use. In summary, the ratio of commercial land use should increase in the future. Residential uses will probably level off with a change in the mix, with snore multiple family uses such as townhouses, and apartments. More group housing will find its way into many smaller cities. The industrial trends in smaller tines nre dependent on local and regional characteristics. Forecasts sbould be tailored to each economic region and the past trends in each city. BIBLIOGRAPHY Land Use in Amerxan Citics, Harland Bartholomew & Associates, Harvard University Press, 1955. PlnnninQ Service Memo, APA, May 1983, Gregory Longhins and Mr7e Sutton Planning Potoourd, Jack Ferguson and Antero Rivisplaw, Office of Planning and Research, February 1989. Plannin~Service Memo, APA, August 1992, Cristopher Harris. L;nd Use Srn W 1 zW, Harland Bartholomew & Associates, 1972• } - z • rrorttseAsnxE cANe 18919 ixtu ors rNo rsrenrrt ii it 39 1 ~ - ' ' t ~ ;;'72~' .J~.-11 ,~,r,`~f`n,~{ V.,'X ..~...~1. ,~'t '~,'.Ai' ~}3y;1~!;~., BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Malcolm C. Drummond The Firm of Harland Bartholomew and Associates has completed comprehensive City Plans for over 500 cities and counties throughout the U.S. Mick Drummond was project maaager for over 100 of these Comprehensive Plans. Celebrating his 40th year with th.,- firm next month, be has served in many capacities from aleand use field surveyor to partner and corporate officer of plans he directed the firm. Mick's included a land use analyuse sis and plagn e p He has n worked on projects in suclri° city as, in • Duluth. Minnesota • Oshkosh, Wisconsin • Lansing, A'Sxh►gan • Omaha, Nebraska • DeaMoines, Iowa • St. Charles, Illinois • Wabash, Indiana • Portsmouth, Ohio • St. Louis, Missouri • Hot Springs. Arkansas • Corpus Christi, Texas • Vninia Beach. Yrrginia • Goldsboro, North Carolina Bal Harbor, Florida • Sacramento, C:alifomia Mick Currendy lives in Napa Valky, California and is currently involved in a number of HBA projects in that state, including a number of land use planning studies. r. PA of A ♦ n. is ~ J.- .{`~.:~=r ~u :,1s3 > ~ • a_.._„ A..i I i r 1 1 DATA FEEDBACK EXAMPLES I '^'~~t . -r"... ~.s '~i ".'p4 ~r h`~~!: f ♦~~~rrYtS ~3C: aka}ry~ i • EXAMPLE OF ANALYSIS AND BENCHMARK: JOBS TO WORKER RATIO # OF LOCAL JOBS 2 # OF WORKERS WHO LIVE AND WORK LOCALLY To develop this analysis COMPARISON 8ENCHMARKS benchmark it is necessary to E"Q Cb:racterlatle of, collect and organize data on 21' Urban Core Area ~n Suburb labor force, employment and V2 Small Town Ill housing by location. f ■ Measures the balance between home and job location and extent of commuting required to fill local jobs. • ■ Helps to understand the origin and destination of local traffic. t • ■ May reflect cost of housing and wage level Issues. ; A00 i • r t i MANI • S~s~a~~a~O~ ~t1t~t~t~l31or ~ - l ON j UNg-~Biw ~l~~NdS ~N C~NtY G'Ols1LyNH~ i M+e46orfr4'8t+ / Sustainable Seattle • c%Metrainter YMCA, 909 Fourth Aoaiue; Sptttt, WA 98204. Td 206IM2-5013 ! • • . N ♦ leyacb will wa.fdave to I*A(ts ge f!e ttvHs - _ - P t y4".: as ~'.=s~t~~`n ~ii'~a~a_izt - - - v = ' i A sustainable world can new came into being vit cannot be envisioned. The vision must be built up f wn the contributions of many people ~e . it is complete and compelling.' . - DoneUa 1i. Mallows, Denstiis bhesdows, and I~Ben From Heym}d the ufs Confronting Global Colkrge, F.~oningaSwtabs+bfeFufyae,1992. ' Thank You Sustainable Seattle wtshea to ackmwkdge h invil a the ~ than SO t larowledge, w[sdorn, and sustalned effort p ~ volunteers who have served on our Task Teams and Bond of Trusted; thx 150 volunteer participants in the 1992 civic Pane; student ~ University of wuwr%gtm WA unlversity of Oregon Y individuals. A list of participants appear at the end of this document We also wish to acknowledge those organil"ftd who have made financial or In• } Wad co b*udom to Sustainable Seattle as we ve developed this Pr*M ante r YMCA, whkh has provided w with our adcnlnlst:advc h,o~me dBun{ng 0* Past Yar' Contributors have included At)3sWn IC Aswciata, Big ~pany, BuWtt Foundation. Contact Irudtute, Envko ~ 1 Toxicology Intemational. MebOmter YMCA, New Road Map FourdatiOn, M* Stanford Club, and TAangle Assodates..SPeda1 thanks go to the Global V the ndaqae+d8 in TomorrowCoaldn andKaq Mitt who spoored November 1990 that gave birth to this effort. ; 1 To infer additional, copies of this docu+na}f, Ptmu conW SwtatnaW Senile 0 Metrocentt►YMCA, 9o9 Fourth Avertue, Sarttle, WA 9lti0i,Td.206/bd2-Ml ` . Individual copks art $10 Postpaid.. To onitr fn bulk, pteasc 00 for Pr68 W"WIOM.' % ..r'fi' FJ.,• ~'~ir y r~ 7 ' r ~`^yi `1`'~'^;` ,Y J ~ i t ~ r1~~00117~/! ; ~ i ,4 .~i lt~r'.i.~1lti ~t~'. f~ }4~k t'i`lt r) ~ „ Nr`, i° rt. • Summary Asa city, a nation, and a world, we are facing crucial decisions. Population growth, the advance of technology and Industry, and growing urban centers have put enormous pressures on both the human and natural world. Increasing, concerns about our social, economic, and enviroruriental welfare require that we face the future with clearer eyes and a more Integrated, longer-term perspective. These "Indicators of Sustainable Community" are designed to help us In this task The concept of 'sustalnabTlity" first emerged during the 19M$"ruse to International promineruce during the 1992 Earth Summit In Rio de 1"ro. The term Is Increasingly being used by the United Nation, the United States government, states,cities, cornmunides and individuals to help us think about the major challenges that confront us --and what we can do about them. 'SustalnabHl1y* refers to something specific and critically lmpcrtant, albeit complex: our long-term cultural, economic, and environmental health and vitality. It links these issues together rather than Ong of them as separate. It is often defined as 'meeting the needs of the present withoutcompronlsing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.' A society that fa sustainable will endure for generations and Improve over time, one that Is not will experience a decline In quality, equity, and prosperity. Indicators are measurements, the vital signs of any society. Over the put two years, forty different-Indicators of Sustainable Community' were developed for the Seattle area by more than two hundred volunteers. These citizens saw the need to gather ledormation on the overall health of our society hereon the shores of Puget Sound. Twenty Indicators have now been researched and analyzed. The trends they reveal are at times encouraging, more often dishubing. Recent years have seen Improvements in such key Indicators as overall air quality, water consumption, and the diversity of the local economy. There has been little measurable change In adult literacy rates or the numberof hours one has to work at the avenge wage to support a family's basic needs. Bu t many other trends are tarrying us away from sustainability and toward an uncertain - and potentially very unpleasant - future. Increasing numbers of children are being born with low birthwelghts, or being raised in poverty, or turning to violent crime. Fewer people are voting. Wild salmon are disappearing. More of us are driving more miles, consuming more 0 energy, and producing more garbage per person every year. 1 Overall, the Seattle area Is not moving toward the goal of -term sustainabblity. Instead, It Is moving In the wrong duecdon. Our goal In presenting these Indicators is to alert the people of Seattle to the significant challenges we face, and to ask them to get involved In finding • 0 • solutions to our problems. We hope to Inspire a renewed sense of citize uhip , and participation. These problems are only Insurmountable if we fall to respond to them with courage, creativity,'" compassion. With ail of us working together - committed to & better future for our children, and our children s children - we can create a truly sustainable Seattle. Sarlelx ok sea bids IM4 vto" 1993 t • • :Table of Contents Summary IV Indicators of Sustainable Community- Muter ust _ vi IM Indicator Trends _ vil ENVIRONMENT Wild Salmn 7 Air Quality 9 Pedestrian FriendIyStreeb 10 POPULATION AND RESOURCES Population 11 ResldentW water Consumption 12 Solid Waste Generated and Recycled 13 Vehicle Miles Traveled and Fuel Consumpdon 15 Reviewable and Nonrenewsbk Energy Use 16 ECONOMY Employment 18 Work Required for Basic Needs 20 Children Uving in Poverty 21 Housing Affordability Ratio 22 . Health Care Expenclitures; 24 CULTURE AND SOCIETY Low BirthweightInfants 26 Juvenik Crime 27 Youth lnvolvementinCommuntty Service _ 28 • Voter Participation 29 i AdultLlterary . 31 Ubrary and Community Center Usage Rates --.-32 Public Participation in the Arts _ _ _ » 34 • Su tainableSeattlePartkipanti . .35 • • SrftkJMabfs.S"t9s fauAeif t992 V r t • a. rfl7hr gran nattoxa y+oduq tmguda rtb polurlots axd • and for vW "d T 8 + naaanrl Product tech da tlk desouctim 1 Suverios rt grora atth the p~ o/ andafOLY rnudw WWAW&. f . 9MJS , rr.u~,rhereuxru<ht>,.tu~ax~t tdu«tiox,ort)rc for thebeotfhglaulaarQia►,thrgr,~ityylt/~(, 1°1 ~Y of streets of Lrtit buuff t to the deca,ry yop,t4ttarla o~rf ur x+~riaga, the Sstrg[g~c~ ~p~P~+~3e debate or ttyheOi )v" or p he $OvW Ora, S+natiorul eraaura xertherosa rat nor ow Humors roar '~&xeithrouraoxy~xaourdew10 xdtbaour Ooytuv in t Annicshort x aup who ~ , xxd Te mgr IeJ! ur • ' ~7QYt~8 ° D ror ereyrmrd to be • "Rabat F. Keay • ~6ls Sae{t ors I Ao % l' Y 1 7' ' t J i~ Y r 1'.'j,Y ~ 'i Sys i..~♦Ri!,~1i YkN I+~! `;-S Y6! i;1',?f ♦ f , a fi: LrR I~~t,~S SSa,4 a r~~,..1 ,f 2ct aj.~., of : a ,\~.~~l Fj1J4 • OVERVIEW I Thesepropcised beyond our lmmediatereality to Introduction - `Indicators of Su stainable a place we might go, and to Community' are the product of muster the will to get there. We a creative community dialogue need vision to bnsplre us and to about our common future. help us move through hkrd times. We need vision to help As a community, now and In us face the Inevitable tensions the future, we face many and conflicts that occur as we difficult decisions. How do we begin to make changes protect our environment meet 'Tits indirAMrs a society everyone's basic needs, keep our Visiom, like people, are cftaosa to report to itsei/about economy healthy, create justice complex, muid-dimensional, antrarisfn and well-being? How do we and full of potential. A vision is rp 8!y make hard trade-of fs and acommunity looking forward povwfitl.They nfkct balanced dedstons that take all together And saying, 'Yes, this Is cowctioe values and Inform of our interests into account? where we will go, what we will collective decisions. A nation What do we need to change, be' Visions maybe fuzzy in the personally and collectively? details, but dear and compelling owl keeps a watchful eye on its How do we keep track of our in their antral images aaimon runs or the safety of its progress? The central image in our vblon streets makes diQ'erent chokes Over the past two years, Is a person - your child, than does a nation that is my hundreds of volunteer have grandchild, gteat•granddhlbd, or paying attention to its GNP. worked with such questions the descendant of someone The idea g 9fdtizars citoosin over thousands of hours In you ve Loved In your Ide- The order to Improve our details about how this Person !heir own tnduaators is communlty's capacity to assess will live and work are something new under its present well-being, and to . unknowable. But the vision of the sun - something make well-Informed decisions your descendant being well, about its future. happy, fulfilled In life, and fntensefydarsocnttG' living in a healthy world Is This document Is a product of central to our work. The well- - Douala H. Meadows, thew work. This array of being of our descendants, one, wri tins abort buficators is intended to two, or even seven generations Sustainable Seattle provide a snapshot of the fromnow depends on out tonceptofsustainability.It Is decisionstodayAnd makinS Intended to stimulate vision, good decisions today requires trigger insight, provoke the best understanding possible discussion, draw criticism, aboutwhherewevebeen - and challenge assumptions, and where we might be going. Inspireaction. As George Bernard Shaw once said, "Ihe WFfA AREW[HCATORSt sign of a truly edocated mart is Indicators are bits of ' • . to be deeply moved by. Information that reflect the ' statistics' We hope you will be status of large systems. 'They moved by the reality behind the are a way of seeing dx'blS numbers and trends described picture'bykrokingata smaller here, and we invite you to p[ece of It They tell us which participate Ina continuing direction a system It going. up • • dialogue. or down, forward or backward, J geeing better of worse or A VISION OF HOPS I Hope is a staying the same' choke and a vision. It takes imagination to hope: to ire SjUhAIwbl6 Ses04 194vtoft 1493 : i • • fsrtf'odaatlvx • mple, the Dow jones 'sustalnabillty" to describe the ial Average is an goal of Integrating environment '77ucoaceplofsustalnabr7ity ~r of the health of the and developmentconcems. does no1•rwnyrrfcr to some urket. It doesn't e every stock, but it does It was not however, until the equ711 um state, not even the e a representative 1987 United Nations"'World st knwysWeof dass4W Trends in that sample Corrunission on Environment economists, but to a hatch trends in the stock and ilebelopment" released Its as a whole. StrnilarIy, report our Common Future that suslafnaDfe ecriutlonary them Spotted owl is an the terms '$ustainability" and Processof continuous r of the health of old 'sustainable development" came change. !ores t habitat In the Into widespread use. Our farthwesk knowing the common FuPart (orthe tus tells us the likely "Brundtland Report,' after the We catdntydon t tnant the many other plants and Comrndsaion's Chair, Norwegian aisting toorfd structure to be without having to Prime Minister Gro Harlem each one Individually. Brunddand) defined sustainable sustainable. We tuont to developmentas'development lrnprvoelt' i s are like the gauge which meets the needs of the efanalrcraft's present without endangering --Kenneth Bovfdinl nt p"L By desigr&,,g the ability Of future generations dully, watching there nd Interpreting them to meet their own needs' e know the status of The Corrnmission established and can make 8°Od several key principles of about where to go. sustamability: ndfcators, we're just the seat of our pants .w that the needs of the future SUSTAINA6t(Ity1 mustnotbesaoiRcedtothe demands of the present; tamable Seattle define iustainability"as that hamanity'seconomic i cultural, economic, future Is linked to the Inmentai health and Integrity of natural systerns, VC emphasize the the and that protecting the . part of that environment is impossible n of linking our social, unless we L Improve environmental economic c the 1 econo Prospects of the Earth's poorest peoples. lefinition Is unique At the June 1992 United . • ne of many similar..._ Nations' Conference on i that have been Environment and Development +orid-wide since the (the "Earth Summit7, ' s first introducetj representatives from nearly late 1970s and early everynationon Earth adopted tuber of Independent these principles In the form of :twists, and policy' intemalforal treaties aod• • • • e working on agreements designed to begin t the linked protecting natural systams nceming issues of while meeting the needs of the J t and developmenL world's poor. At the same time, . to use the term a'Global Fornrrrs' of dtizeYns' Suftfa f~kstorit 1993 . 2 i i. • f4vadi otioN groups from around the world ambitious, muld•year effort to 'History has thrust upon oitr developed grassroots Initiatives create positive change In our genrradon an fndescr:3abfy designed to monitor area. im tent destiny to governments and push Por • - sustalnability efforts beyond Sustainable Seattle is complete it process of what governmental processes administered by Mthoomter no ~ ~ our were able to do. YMCA, a non-profit community dtmocratira servke organization, and nation has too tion fang davloped The Sustainable Seattle governed by an Independent too slowly_ Indicators Project Is In part a board of trustee. Monetary local response to these very support has come In the form of global efforts. It is a first step In small grants and donations from How use deaf rofth this crucial the long process of assessing our foundations, corporations, and situation W1 determine our progress toward (or away from) Individuals. Thebulkof our moral health as individuals long•termsustainability; work has been done by identifying key steps we an volunteers. our cultural health as a region, take to improve our progress; our political health as a nation, and making those changes real. THE INDICATORS PROJECT I and our prestige as a leader of The work on this project was WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE begun by a volunteer Task the ftm World. SEATTLE? I Since its first Team of some fifteen people In :nesting in November of 1490, dice fall of 1491. That group Martin Luther Xing, fr. Sustainable Seattle has operated developed the indicators as a voluntary network and concept and took a draft list civic forum, bunging together through four Iterations, PALL- K.l citizens from many different prod ucinga document that then YtAr`~ sectors of our community to became the focus for a much promote the concept and larger review process. 15 Rcna practice of sustalnability.' ,u ,cn-r~s Cckir Business, environmental in the Spring of 1442, i)t7c LJ:C" t v groups, city and county Sustainable Seattle convened a Later ; voc"O'C""' government, labor, the religious Civk Panel of more than 150 ~V r t~retir3 community, educators and distinguished citizens from social activists have all been many different sectors ofSeattie represented. While our name society, with the goal of SrtA 1`52 connotes our original focus on expanding the Task Team's A CtY+c fME4 the Seattle area, we recognize work. The process consisted Of 1~ psspu,+.ntrv crrrWs+f that s,.tstafnabilityconcerrss four plenary meetings in t4 T^~ ~ ,r,n. always cross borders, and we addition to individual and a' consider our focus to extend to committee work. [y r "C0.103 the Puget Sound regions. We avs %A►rnr4Pj%. a have welcomed the At Its furl meeting In December \ / ca , rrtt vain participation olpeoplefrom 1942, the Civic panel proposed - communities throughout this 99 indicators grouped Into ten xty~ A41 larger area, topic areas. In early, 1993 the Task Team began atedsnkal CMC oThe. Sustainable Seattle has hosted review process, with the got) of Tqr'rCA. y5 t,tytcnT4tS many different events and refining the Panels suggestions • • roundtable discussions, and winnowlna the Ust down t-u Tai so 4uC,rfT~ but our primary project during a rDAUP la 2 siz.. Data j swr4m ► the past two years has been the collection began shortly ' development of these Indicators thereafter, and data pailability cr VAK a PC. of SrufaingNe community. We further modiCed our selection ka see them as a first step 1n an 0 Gtaut Ctt►c ere c+u7ri`l SkrW 4864seafffa INAWurs f993 x • • . ~NfFro~di+c~`~'aH NMAT MAKES A GOOD NDICA10R1 1 71*m Indicators overt' N of key trends, they fSustainableComm uIn demonstrate how thetndicators -VWe ,ng~gtoamtea een selected because they meet can be used and interpreted, susydnabfs and lfaabJe le 10110wing cri terim, which there was some degree of sOCUty *ere develoPed by the Task confidence in the available data. - toe annot talt4bouttin earn: economics ofcompetitlon ood A second set of 20 indicators, Without also IdAdng about at indicators., s till to be developed, lncWe some that will iequtre new ethics ofmtfon This designs are bellmethnr tests of Some " -gatherin Means ra'ogrnWng our sustainability and reflect Some wiA involve twtinS p blk tapaci to Mau utkal something basic and Opinions and attitudes cMWtM oaust~ toamfeapof;tical fundarnentaltothelong economic, social or term Each lndlplor measure an culturr that nurtures environmen tal health of a important dimension of obligation and honors tnW.' :ornmunltyOver generations. sustalnability. But this collection Is M Intended to be a •anbeunderstood and comprehensive measurement of --Rilluoyers. ccepted by thecommunity an its dimeryloru; Indeed no s a valid sign of saentifically-bested and reflrsed 'stainability Or symptom of nrodelofsustainabilityExists, istress. However, neither are the indicators arbitrary, having sae Interest sad a evolved throe JOr* Petal/or V by Ioeal media in delrberatioms with people of anltOring,reportingand knowledgeandtrrighl. Wedo alyzinggeneraltrends rwtpresentthemasperfect,nor va rd or away from even complete, instead, we :ta buble comet expect the dialogue on what rctices, unity constihrtesasestainablesoclety, what males a good inlics for, statistically measurable and what theindlcato 3 mean to wr geographic area, and continue into the indefinite (era blycomparable to future. ar tical f aform orm of f data ta es; at We also feel confident that this rust version of the indicators action or measurement tells us some thinglmportan t: Of can be crated, wlu7e gr some aspects of life in the aphic scope of an SeaftlelKfng County area are rr depends on the "Proving, others are rapkily' and accessibility of the moving away from the dlrecr;on • th some indlca tors of sust"biIIty and demand ; to Seattle city lirru ti-- urgent attention from as many J King County (our lint Of us as possible. 'hen available), and still FINDING U.-WAGES I , acing Sea the in a e context. lndicato s are eht a new Idea. They have kmg been useful in • O IN PROGRESS I science, economia, public • 20 Indira bon were Polley, health, and man m r da to development ueas as a feedback ley pro vide a good to tell us how we are doing. ' la Seattle !r 1943 ci. • • . f if~l'UdNC~ION What Is different about these HOW TO USE THE 111DH:ATOAS 'Them is an uncanny - Wk-ators Is that they attempt to In general, we see these resemblance between our bring Into focus a '-Whole Indicators being used in the b}nior toward each other and system" vlew of howt+'e are following ways: tgig-as a society, here on the our behavior toward the earth. shores of Puget Sound. Tha Media - We encourage By some connection we do not local media to publish and recognirr, the wn?lingncss to These first twenty indicators' broadcast the indicators provide more than Just glimpses regularly, so that the exploit one becornes the of our activities. They compel community as a whole can willingness to aploit the other. us to seek uredentarZing of begin to we and understand the each IL*ages within and amoctg sta tus of the lndkators and the it is tnrposaT>te to tlrrefor human and natural systems. linkages between them other more cr differently thin They imply cotutectioru and we dm for the earth. interactions, ausesandeffects. Growth bfanaaementand They suggest different criteria public policy -The indicators Wendel! Berry to, making decisions and can be a powerful tool for measuring our progress. clarifying our values and Informing our decislorts with For example, can we say our regard to growth and economy is su stainable If we development planning. have a growing number of children living In poverty, or a' Business a" Economic dwiMling supply of natural Development-The lndia6xs resources? Can we make can help ecommk decision- decisions about the future shape makers analyze market trends and character of our and think more systematically neighborhoods and schools about how their declsioru without thinking about trends Impact issues that are not in the juvemle crime rate or the reflected in the bottom lire. use of the automobile? Flow do choices in our personal lives - Personal U/al~ - law such as the amwnt of waste we can challenge explore generate, or the amount of the way we live affects the money we save - affect our world and moves the bukAtors society's long-term viability? In one dimdort o we can see law each Individual booking at the indicators as a makes a difference. 1 whale raises many such questions, so we have briefly You can personally use these noted key linkages on the indicators to: • ktdlviduallndicatorreports. We do not piesume.tOhiave • educate yowseV about rigorously Identified and important trends In our measured deeeIinkages,butwe environmeAeeommy,and that may believe that understanding them social ndkak well-being trends and is critical to building a sustainablesociety. By keeping shifts toward or away from • the whole picture bekce us, we sustainabnlity. • • can begin to shift our priorities, • your user eholas acid address problems at their roots, Assess and act with greater clarity and acHoas In terms othow they wisdom over time. contribute to these trends, . Sr<sitalrrabls Serr`tfs lrafleitro►s 1993 ~ S { C i 110 • lntnvdaatlcH and discuss these loves with your friends and counsues -drscss the policies and activities 0/yorrr aseary, business, organization, or institution In terms of how they affect these trends, or develop your own irWkators. • ident'fy an area wham you'd like to focus on making a Positive difference HOW TO GET INVOLVED I Plemn ~m "Yorgaz+iratlorss -onditio s re leecttd ~ ndkators, and just a little ooking an get you Involve!. 1 the future, we hope to ublish a directory of such fforts to make the looidng a tee easier, 'sere are also ways to get vowed with Sustainable Attie. Our pLvs Mude data Ilecd*n and arulysb of ditional India tors: creation of ograms to promote the veloprnent of sustainable mes, businesses, and nmurldes, possible rekprnent of a'Sush"bMty uct Assessment,+ an nrmast to help people think nigh the broader Impacts of or policy or development isions; and continuing tas for dwogue and vorking, • invite yourparttdpationfn. r tialogue, and we urge you ,nWbute your tizr4 talents, resources toward muklag sea a moresustai ble to live. 'rt,bft Ssrf`Afs Jr~uarlbv~ 1993 , t _ • • ~hul~o~Kf~xf DESCRIPTION I Salmnnand Wild Salmon humans have a long history in returning to Kho County to spawn Puget Sound. Native Americans have always revered the salmon as a link to the earth and as a source of food. Salmon have astonished Wild Salmon Returning to their Home Stream and nourished visitors (as a percentage or 1978 counts) and Immigrants since the first Europeans arrived, and they continue io be an 120% Lew River imporianteconomle 10096 resource as well as an M% environmental indicator 6096 to Northwestemers of 40% rnany different origins, pqb (Dan points aknlrted ouna a nbne•ysar a"NJ4) 096 Hatchery-raised salmon 1978 79 go 81 92 83 $4 85 86 81 88 89 90 91 92 spend much of their lives In a controlled, human- Wild salmon runs Save dedirud by 60% slace 191& made environment, so they do not adequately reflect the health of watersheds examples for surviving King swim itself. And even healthy and ecosystems. Wild salmon, County saIrmn runs. Data were stocks am also trending toward however, are totally dependent collected by the Washington lower returns. on the health of the freshwater State Departmnt of Fished" e EVAtUATION I Thesharp environment for reproduction. and reported In the Washington need clean water and a Stale 1992 Salmon and Ste0head dowrnward trend in the health pusabte stream. Native Salmon Stock Inventory (SASSO, of local salmon runs marks a have evolved to meet the conducted by the Departments significant trend away from of Fisheries and Wifrtlife in sustalnabWty. Many local specific natural ronment: thterSstieir r of conjunction with the Western salmon raps have been extinct envi ethei ggsr, for local exampl xAmple, are adapted W Treery tadian for decades, and we art in Estimates to specific gravelsize andwater Tribes. based on danger of losing many more if counts of wild salmon returning we do not take swift and chemistry. Changes in bottom to their home stream are effective action to preserve the conditions, local plants and smoothed out using a three-year Integrity of freshwater habitat. animals, and water chemistry - rollkn avers No attempthaS such as those that accompany been nude ~esp'rnate past LINKAGES 1 The heslthof or development urban l suburban reduced extinctions. salmon runs Is linked to the usually result surviving. a ruced economy as well as the numberoffsh icrsi INTERPRETATION I There is a environment: tourism, • Deceased genetric diversity clear trend toward reduced wild recreation, and food production caused by the loss of a salmon salmon survival, reflecting a are an affected. The 1992 SASSI the stock in viability one sf of o:stoc tocks can in adjacent state-wide psttem. Of the note that'.., activities r habitats. The health of wild seventy-one salmon runs In the Impacting wild salrnonid salmon populations is thus an . North Puget Sound area, twelve habitat and survival (eag, urban have been classified as ardtadustrislgrowth, forest indicator antal overall health In a •de rennet,' the Cedar Rive practices, agskldtural practices, • environme a card like Washington rnunkipal, Industrial and • • watershed. them Four agniculturaldiverslons,and Coho:a4rnon aaang h weal have reduced DEFINMON I Salmon from the are critical' -heading toward hr0~po s salmon and Cedar River and Bear Creek the threshold below which a Wa hingesrto~,,,do alt were chosen as representative salmon stock can ne Fong Sasfa!>.abla Sa t5tfa rwfJeadwrr 1993 7 r; • ' ENVjPI'lNiNBJff' 'This Worms tfon is not new. for over a century we have been aware of these problaro. Runoff from stints carries on. based pollutants. Drahuge from lawns and farms carry pesticides, toxins, fertilizer, and silt. Construction divert streams. Poor forestry practices Increase silt loading, disrupt food chains, and change water temperatures and ruroff pattem & Dams, supplying us with water and electricity., make It difficult or I salmon to retum n~Pstrearra, and Often lethal to make the ftm t Journey out to sa. Salmon are sensitive to a very broad range of human practices. We have created a soda! ar►d ecoramk system that does not Yet give the health of strearna uA salmon suf cienUyhlgh rriority. our carelesa tewardship of the salmon terhaps the most symbolically impo M ecao ssh~u Souk r hare lp iith us - Is reflective of out ttitude toward a variety of sing systems, from 'ighbo,hoods to ecosystems. ntoration olsainm rLm will qulre not only lnure,diate ork lo repair damage, bu t also thinking ou r concepts of velopment and our demanding of what causes gative effects. Only such a • ange in our undersWwin t lleuble us to Incorporate , xerns for sushtlnabillty In r poUdes and practces. ' I Se~t!tls lwfleifwa 1943 t yD ii ~•"f ~ ~x ~4~ ~ i h' ,'f'~.~l~~4~4 ~i~~J~ i~i.l'4"~'r,~~3}~,-t. • • . ~Hi/I/'t7His18~ DESCRIPTION I Airquail ty Is Alr Quaiit fundamental to a healthy natural and human In Seattle as reported by th environment. Alr pollutkm in Pollutant Standards Inde any significant amount can make [Ile unpleasant or even dangerous to human health. This indicator measures the number of days during the 350 calendar year that air quality ■ llararbous was considered to be good, 300 moderate, unhealthful, very r. . unhealthful, or hazardous. a" 250 Very o UnheslrhNI DEFINWN I Air quality Is o 200 monitored by the Puget Sound Alr Pollution Control Agency, a 150 Unhealthful The Environmental Protection Z Agency's Pollutant Standards 100 ❑ Moderate Index (PSI) reflects the 50 maximum levels of four key 1 1111 poUutants: carbon RXMxlde, 0 11111 suspended pardculate matter, 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 sulfur dioxide, and ozone. The daily level of each pollutant is Good air quality days have Irreseased , t compared to a maximum. from 30% in 1980 to 65% In 194]. threshold or concentration that INTERPRETATION I Air quality natural envirorawmtof even is defined as acceptable (or has steadil Im roved in the "good'). If any pollutant y P 'good" air quality has not been Seattle area since 1980, with evaluated. Finallylocal the day this level, air quality for some fluctuations (which an fluctuations and pockets of y is characterized the , reflect weather tterns). The unhealthful conditions may pollutant that exceeds the e number of "good' air quality' Y ' good' standard to the largest rerna'r'' degree. An increase In the days has h xmsed from 73 In 1980 (20% of the total days in LINKAGES ! AU quality is number of "good" air quality days indicates improvement in the year) to 239 In 1992 (65%). strongly affected by airquality. Tbe'unhealthful"or'very transportation and population unhealthA:l'dayshave patterns. Poocairqualityan Carbon monoxide and sulfur decreased from 18 to 0, and lead to restrictions on economi, dioxideemissions;::uitfrom there have been no 'hazardow' aevelopment preventing the burning of fossil fulls such days reported during this permits from being issued to 4 coal, period. industries and discouraging • Parrticulatematte~composed tourism 1tanIncrease health of dust, sootrand.other. EVALUATION .IThedam are costs, as It negatively compounds. Ozone, the main, sun" t that we are moving affects the health of Wan to, r component of 'smog' is seated towrds sustainabllity. Tre Is older people, and persons with when other emissions are some concern that air quality respiratory cibease, Sulfur exposed to sunlight Improvtmatthw reached a dioxide emissions eventually plateau, with Uttie change slnci make their way Into land and • Data for Seattle are 1989. Increases In population water as add rain and snow. • • generally and vehicle mfles traveled ma And finally, indkative of the highest Y . y, pool air quality car be overcoming Improvements in Increase nodal stress, affec ef t concentions of poUutanb In teclurology and pollution the health and quality of life for King County. control. Also, the Impact on the everyone.... t Sxrhfwhp SusYfs txdktfvnr 1993 g t ,..err ~ . • • I E . Esfvlsvomffe~E DESCRIPTION I Asustalnable' society uses and encourage Pedestrian-Frlendly modes Of transportation other than the automobile. Existing Streets s treets can be modlfied as well ~~n as new streets built to provide ffie appealing pedestrian areas. City Of SeCFMi 3 These pedestrian environments 100 become vital public spaces supportive Of social interaction 80 - another important component of sustainability. 60 DEFINITION I The City, of 40 Seattle has made a start on 20 Identifying and measuring the percents of" friendly" streetsln 1985 the Seattle Engineering Department Estimated percentage of mapped out "key pedestrian "pedestrian-friendly" streets, IM Streets" 3KOrding to criteria that (onlyye2r for wlakb data an av-cable) inci uded functional pu rpou (.to IWER"ETATION I Seattlehas . accommodate a high level of cerrmtl EVALUATION I 'There Ls no pedestrian travel demand, y seraPPed 42 miles of historic data to make including the elderly and th c! ly e 2 based ~estrian streets" wi thin costoric data and while 3% Is a PArL mm, handicapped"); specific ad ami ,200 total streedefuU of t roes In the very small percentage le city 'and uses (such as businesses, above. 7tdsonfithe a does does on cited streeb considered to be nstitudom, parks and agure not ' Include the downtown area "Peda~ian friendly," Sattk ecreatlonal facilities);particular (which meets the "pedestrian- has expressed a commitment to ull-wad ch side riatics (including frikndly" criteria inmost Pro viding a safe and appealing u11-widthsidewaib, marked pedestrian environment in all rosswalks, and curb ram instances). Incorporating a neighborhoods within the city. nd operating characteristic reasonable estimate for This commitment rust be pedestrians using the streets for figure by would Increase that translated into sustained effort„ ' avel and complying with by at least 50% for a total but it does suggest a movement -afficcontrol devices of approximately 3% ofSeattie streets toward sustalnaboity(whatever berg "meetinpedestrig the criteria for we do to promote walking fowever, these data are lIrnited an-friendly" instead of driving moves ns y their age, the narrow We would expect this toward stutafnaboity) INS efnition of "pedesMan- figs to lndfcotor WM be further iendly- (which leaves out rise in the future as the region's developed In future years to . 3propriate criteria forstreeb in g takes hold. rowth m 1rt l gementstrategy reflectimprovernmts In data • stdential rulghborhoods), and . C Spring 1993 collection and analysis. e exclusion of new ~p►eharsfxPian programs the man 7oaanf a S ustainWc Sesitte, the LINKAGES I Walking City of Seattle specifies that each SdnBlo+prtrves ivi ' ronment. This Indicator health, Ls rtori•polluting, . ~ ould be treated as a Urban Village will be designed promotes social interaction and Uisitional one, and the Seattle to encourage pedestriam. 8y , is an inexpensive torn of peopl to walk, inning DepartmentshouId gather and~eny t1x b/Mfits of r ~~atlom Improvements to rr nsiderhowbest Augment urban life, the success of the . e ~ facilities Will expand • • • ently sketchy data as Urban V. rnobllity and safety fOr or 5endal Urban Village sites are probabk~ wW ttcome more everyone' am apeckRy for - ken' at more closely. elders, People with disablydes, . and ddldren. ;falNrbls Sratf(e Lrflcitvnr J993 to • • rpof 04000 and 92e '01?P0 a DESCRIPTION I Thefaster Population population grows, the harder it j becomes to make progress of ring County toward sustainabBity. Population growth drives urban and suburban sprawl It challenges our ability to menage traffic, maintain wilderness and 1,600 7 open space, control crime rates, 6 and handle many other social a 1,500. 5 and environmental problems. ° 1,400 4 At some point, a population can become too large for the local s 1= 3 8 environment to sustain It with ° 2 C adequate water, air quality, and X, 1.200 1 ° other resources. At the same ° 1,100 0 ' time, a shrinking population- .1 while often good for traffic E 1,000 •2 congestion and environmental z' 1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 quality - can be an indicator of a depressed and shrinking economy. S Popumon Clan=e Rue DEFINITION i King County Popalatim Las been rlslq steadily since 1977 population data was fumbhed by the Forecasting Division of the Washington State Office of ZS percent The area It would be difficult to Financial Maragernent In the experienced another growth determine what level of human years between official US. spurt of comparable magnitude population is sustainable In any Census data (taken in 1970, from 1987 to 1992, expanding by given area. But a slowly 1980, and 1990), the population 23 percent a year. By 1992, growing or stable population figures cited are the OFW% however, growth rates were nukes It easier to formulate anc official estimates. Rolling three beginning to level off. Mpg Implement sustainable policies. year growth rates are used to County population is expected King County's rapid populador illustrate variances In the pace to increase at an annual rate of growth is putting pressure on of growth throughout thrt 22. 15 percent In the 1990s, a pace existing infrastructure and on year period. The King County somewhat slower than the 1.9 many social and envkonmmtal Planning and Community percent rote experienced In the systems, for this reason, it Is Development division assisted Ms. considered to be moving us with data Interpretation. . , away from sustainabllity. EVALUATION I A k>cal INTERPRETATION 171wrewere economic boom and positive LINKAGES I Population "Yes 1,564,500 people living in King nationwide publicity have numerous other social and County In die spring of 1992- contributed to KingCounty s environmental indicators. 400,000 more than inhabited the rapid growth In recent years, Population d Iwdy affects I"- county in 1970. King County Is although with the mession of use patterns, and can lrdlrectiy the thirteenth largest county In 1991 and 1992 the pace has affect crime rates, wildlife, the nation in terms of slowed down. Analysts expect water and air quality, traffk„- ulation, and ranks gy pdon♦, and so on • ~ P°P ~tY' the growth rate to continue to ever coreum • seventh in population density., decrease slightly through the The county experienced a npld rerralyder of the 1990s. growth spurt between 1977 and 1982, with the population I Increasing at an annual rate of SurAafrrr c*seatfta k4vAwi 1993 ff hvlr a • • :f opt&woo and 9~asaa~-cis DESCRIPTION I A sustainable , society uses its fresh water supplies efficiently, 7d5 Re$idental Indicator measures the average Water number of gallons of water consumed per person, per day. Consumptlon The limits to our supply of fresh Pei C-00a In *V County water were dramaUMUy demonstrated dur£rig the drought o11992, when restrictioru were placed on Realdenrlal Weer Consumption household water use. Despite in Mega ganoastpe,npr/ypr our damp climate, King County 130 depends on Cascade Mountain snow packs for summer water 100 Supplies - a renewable resource, but one subject to 50 major fluctuations caused by changes in weather and climate. 0 DEFINITION I 19M 71 72 73 71 73 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9o 9192 Department supplies water meter [Un8 County residents are wln6 their wager more eatdeatly. most of King County, serving 12 million customers pr£nWUjV rom the Tolt significantly more water in the and Cedar River and conservation were riot vatersheds. water dry summer months from May keeping up with ineream jr, onsumpt£on data Is reported b through September than during population. Upopulation ' he Wa ter Department as by the wet winter months (average continues to grow, we will need verage dally consumption, by summer consumption is to intero c -tonth, In ~ganons (millions winter) summer a in to avoid water shortages, or efforts f gallons). Department's win er), making o the environmental problerru ata do not Include the especially and risks associated with ata do n percentage the the lmportant. Fortunately, are: nk=won that relies on private residents have been responsive developing new water supplies. opulati CIS (a percentage believed to to changing seasons[ conditions. LINKAGES t Water use Is very, failing because of increased During the 1992 drought, strongly linked to population rvelo summer water consumption levels Global warnir g -fed pment), or consumption was reduced to an average of those areas of the County 1128 rru"~Ilon gallons by global carbon 'emissions, bout 20% of the population) d42-8 rn ll per day, Muding those produced In the at are served by other water from the 200 to 210 Sea ttIearea -may eventually stems, primarily million gallons consumed per affect water supplies, though oundwater•based. day during the summers of 1988 the exact nature of Its impact is to 1991. not yet Predk table. TERPRETATION I PercaPita. nterconsumption has we EVALUATION have been I TION recowto creased by 30% Since 1970. ve m lnoving c low to ~ificantdecreasesoccured wstater use£lityfneao effective ring the 1970s, followed by and w use, flanks ve itive stability up to 1990. far-sighted conservation op tal w to efforts. nservation efforts In 1992 consumption to inter • elerated a significant drop consumption ( spin • • t began in 1991. les P ' genes population) >ortant to mote that Kin in 1990 was actually higher that snty residents consume 1970: gains in efluter►ry W 1JLC a Sea 04; fr+4Oat v" 1993_ /2 w~ • • poplawon and 94soarces DESCRIPTION I Asustafnable Solid Waste society mirdn-dzes theam°unto r Generated waste that cannot be recycled or reused (and so gets buried in and Recycled landfills or Incinerated). It uses materials efficiently and in pounds per Coptto cycles in other per day In Wng County words, using Total Genaaled 1976 tons materials over and over again instead 8,00 ToWGettaated 1992.2,160,225 tons of'usingthem up." 7.00 6.00 DEFINMON I King 5.00 Pounds gerterated County defines 4.00 Percapita Pa day 'municipal solid 3.00 Pouusds req%w waste generated' as 2.00 per canto per day the total solid waste 1,00 stream producedby 0.00 residences, stores, 1976 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 93 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 offices and other generators. It Solid wash generation per person In King County is increasing excludes waste steadityand staying abead of thegrowth In recyclingratm from industrial, agricultural, or demolition sources (these may INTERPRETATION I Solid waste EVALUATION I Per person, we also represent sig vfkant generation Is Increasing due to are generating Increasing problems). M%lsd-flrtitionalso population growth, business amounts of waste - a move excludes special wastes such as sector growth and Increases In away from sustainabillty. asbestos, medial waste, the amount of waste each Increased recycling should contaminated soils, wood waste, lndlvidual generates. These continue to be a priority for and construction debris. Solid increases have been driven by businesses "households waste generated U broken down such trends as urbanization (the alike. For those who are already into waste disposed at landfills construction of more housing recycling, waste reduction and other processing/disposal and commercial building, and should bea primary focus in the facilities and waste materials the increased purchasing, mall future. that are collected and recycled - delivery. etc. that: come with it); typkaIly paper, me tai, glass, Increases in personal Income Producers an minimize the plastics or yard waste. (mare consumer spending, manufacture of non-reusable or r leading to more purchasing of non-recyclable products, King County Solid Waste new Items, discarding of their packaging and waste by Division provides waste packaging, and discarding of products. Consumers can management service or the items they replace); and minimize their use of such contracts and collects data for demand for convenience and products and avoid unnecessary all municipaI'itia-other than timesaving products consumption. Govemrssent Seattle, as weU for all (disposables, high-packaging agencies an encourage unincorporated areas within food items). Waste recycling is business" and individuals to King County. The City of also increasing - thanks largely reduce, reuse and recycle (and Seattle Solid Waste Utility to high participation in curbside kid by example). handles collection and data recycling programs but it wlthln city limits, This Indicator rata that are not yet sufficient These suHwcs do not cover • • combines data fromboth. to offset growth In waste Utter or other waste not sources. generation per capita. The properly disposed of, which an result is a'net Increase in waste be of environmental, health, and I disposal per capita. aathetk concern A sense of i SusW a64aSeaMdlNAWoft1993 13 Lei ViJ♦ • • ~~H~aJf AJll~ ~SGN!'Ca4S ' civic responsibility and a commitment to waste reduction are needed to address this Important area as well, LINKAGES I Continued increases In waste generationper capita coupled with population growth will result in ever larger mountains of garbage. Waste In landfins can be a source of contamination to soil andgroundwater, wbkh can have impacts on health and wiidlifeNbitat Insome instances landfills product methane Vs. When burned, methane contributes to air pollution and global warming , carbon emissions. when vented, 1 t contribu tes directly to global warming (rr+ dww Is 100 times more powerful than carbon 11oxhde in trapping heat). Vherr an Item is thrown out a they than being reused, It aW rears that more energy and then resources are Ilkely to be sed to make a product to aplace the one thrown out (e.g. are plastic bags, a new toaster Cher than a repaired toaster) )r all these r asont, reduce, use, recycle" continues to be a 11c Imperative e4+" S"*4 Lnfl"fws 1991 • • S ~ /nopulatdvo aHd RBSdK!'Ca 1y" j ' DESCRIPTION I The more we Vehicle Miles Traveled drive, the further we are from r- sustainability. Increasedmiles and Fuel Consumption traveled reflect Increased use of per Capita In IGng County 5-. resources; decreased ability to work, live and participate In the . neighborhood or local community; and an Increased The steadyinerease In vehicle miles traveled in amount of time spent on what is Kira County has only recently begun to level off. generally not a productive or enjoyable task -cornrnuttng 10000 600 a from one place to another. 9000 550 8000 500 e4 Gasoline-fueled vehicle use 7000 450 a creates air and water pollution 6000 400 as well as traffic congestion and 5000 350 u social stress. Gasoline Is a non- 4000 300 ; renewable resource. Roads take 3000 250 ay up valuable land, reduce habitat 2000 200 for wildlife, and result in less 197 . 72 74 76 78.80 .82 84 . 96 88 90 92 open space for the human community. Most of w live In Travel - Annual Fuel dwellings where a smelt child cannot go more than a few ConsmPtion yards from the front door without a potential brush with 1991. Some change has taken patterns, and vehicle use habits death our hunter-gatherer place in the last three years wi th are required In order to arhleve ancestors faced far less growth leveling off and, sustalnability. Immediate risk. Decreased perhaps, decreasing. Adding In vehicle miiestraveled would . the effectofpopulation growth, UNKAGES IVeNcleuseand reflect reduced travel distances, total miles traveled almost gasoline consumption are linked more walking and biking, and doubled between 1970 and MI. to excessive use of non- wider use of multiple renewable resources, pollution, occupancy vehicles (one bus Increased fuel efflctency and loss of open space and wildlife carrying 90 people &utead of 40 Improved emIssions controls habitat decreased social health cars each carrying one person). have helped to reduce some of as a result of stress and the Impact of this growth on air pollution, and a declining sense DEFINITION I The Washington quality. Gasoline consumption of community. Many of these State Department of Transporta- per capita was about the same can be Improved by switching Lion Is the source of this data. in 1991 as in 1980, and is slowly transportation modes to more Miles traveled per capita Ls es- turning downward. use of mass transit, watking and timated using the Department's . , bkyding, as well as increasing • High Performance Monitoring EVAItfAnON I There are efficiency. Others may require System. Annual fuelcocuump- encou raging signs that we are . action on land use and other tion is estimated based on beginning to level off and social factors, revenues from motor fuel taxes, perhaps make small improvements in trauportadon An increasa In the avatlability of INTERPRETATION I VehIck use. U Ihis pattern continues, we affordable housing rear work tru'les traveled have Increased may be able to balance the would make vehlde use less • O • from 5,763 per capita ]n 1990 to effects of population growth In necessary. A stable population 9,364 In 1991. Growth averaged the long run, however, more ' would also reduce sprawl and about 150 miles per year from major dunges in land case, help crake Increases In vehicle J 1970 to 1985, and more dun 200 vehicle technology, fmptoymeat use less likely. miles per year between 1985 and SresWN9614 Sm "A hfAJ s f 1993 K 77 • • . ~o~ulai<YvNand R~sourcas DESCRIPTION I Energy use, Integral to every facet of our Renewable and dahy lives, is a critical . component ofsustainabllity By Nonrenewable defrddon, the use of Energy Use resources - - oil, OI energy BTUs per capita In )Ong County natural gas, and coal for example - is not 7000 sustainable in the long term because 60,00 Oil is of the most 0 50.00 Immediate concern, Natural rim supplies are finite. a F~Ekl7ectridty FY with most energy 40.00 wab le experts suggesting 30.00 . that natural gas Is the we waNe cleanest, rnoet ~ 20.00 available transitional fuel as we move 10.00 COmpadsoa datr towa rd an economy _ Average nbctrical tw Ia based on renewable O.Do USA: 34.4 energy resources. newables The 1980 81 82 83 84 95 86 87 88 69 90 91 92 W 6 use of renewables 93 1„dL (such as hydropower 0." Nahrenawabla energy and solar electridty) nra in Mog County is rising. is sustainable if the resource is managed to take DEFINITION 1 This trdiator other other values into account 28%ofthetotal Fully80%of (for tracks consumpdono(gasdine, energy use in King County In example, salmon rani for electricity, and natural as with g ty hydropower). With careful data provided 1992 was from nonrenewable planning, such resources are nt Washington resources. only limited by the life of the State htrn0^, of sun. WB Over the decade 1983-1992, our State Energy Office, Seattle City use of nonrenewable energy has Poorly planned use of ght, Puget Power, Washington increased. Of our total energy renewables such as hydropower Natural Cas, and the Puget use In 1983 (approxlaatdy 165 nay resul In erosions Sound AirPollulioncontrol trillionBtu),about 95%was sustainabili r Agency. Data for heating of ty In other areas L derived. from he loss of salmon runs and the wood orgy, and Other smaller resources. 1n 1992, of 216 TBw iestruc lion of forest and aquatic resources were not available. total energy used, 80y% was Yosystems from dammed INTERPRETATION i Of total derived from nonrenewable ivers, for example. Weyiu v_ resources. From 1983 to 1942, ncrease our sustainability to•the 1442 energy use Mang CCounty ou-c use C4 gaso Increased by i extent that we are able to _ g , electricrry, and 22%, and our use of electricity lecrease our dependence on natural gas - the greatest pnwerabed from nonrerdwable lonrenewable energy resources, amount of energy, 47% of the resources more than doubled. • fevelop renewable resources in' IOW, was used in Nang Nahtra] gas consumption n environmentally and vehkI6 with accounted us* of Increased by 32% between 1487 • conomlcally responsible' natural Ps for 25% and i442. CasoAne use per • canner, and shift our use of of tlhe tot&LL Electricity use, • apita only Increased by 2.5%. )ssil fuels toward essential uses more than one quarter of whkh during this decade. The factor [s id transitional needs, generated us4rg ' most critical to Increased energy ihoruenewable resources, use Is tike increase in population accounted for the remaining during the past ten yearn: 19%. 0ttrlr 16sufis'dfirrflcato►Yf993 i! ff • • ti..._ M. y. i t4' pop NjBtIOH ANd ~RdSONYCNS EVALUATION I Areview of computer software prodm-don _ King County energy use over is just one example. "past decade suggests that we are moving away from All of our activides related to T. sustainability. Our total energy energy, from the extmction of use has Increased by more than resources from the earth to = • 20% and our use of buming gasoline In our can, nonrenewables has Increased by have direct and indirect more than 30% in ten yeam environmental Impacts. C00- '[tie two largest factors In this fired power plants affect air equation are population growth quality. Hydropoweraffects and our use of automobiles.-- streams, riven, foresb, and fish our continued dependence on The produd{on of oil and gas gasoline, almost halfofour affect wildlife. energy use, poses the most critical challenge to our long- Our use of gasoline in autos, term energy sustairability, central to a wide web of Ilnka, has far-reaching implicadors for For the next several decades, we su0Airab01ty. Wars, have an opportuni ty to use our ecosystems damaged from fossil fuels to build the extraction activities, and oil Infrastructure and facilities to spills arc all consequences we operate our society on face. The production of can renewable resources. At some and roads consume vast future ponnt, we will no longer amounts of energy; urban have this option. Current trends design and lend-use polida suggest that we have made only have been greatly Influenced by the smallest of steps toward this the autoaw , and can are the critical trarsitiom mayor contributor to urban air pollution. For electricity, increased conservation can make the most efficient use of our fairly constant supply of renewable hydropower. LINKAGES I Energy use is directly 14JA to most facets of our social, economic, and cultural fabric. We heat oui hones with gas, electricity, and • o0. Our automoblies, stiR central to our transportation system, consume vast quantities of gasollne. In the production of food, significandy more energy Is required to provide meat products d= grains that reside c" • lower on the food chain. Fanttgy • ! use per employee and energy use per unit of economk productivity vary significantly from one Industry to another. aluminum smelting versw Susfafinabla Seaf o* GwflM&" 1592 n _ +e 0 • • DESCRIPTION I This indicator is a meatye of economic Employment diversity. A sustainable community values diversity in Concentration its economyf cost as it values di percentage of King County lobor force diversity In its natural systems, and for many of the same employed by the top ten employers reasons. Just as a diverse natural system Is better able to withstand stocks, a diverse economy - comprised of many smaller enterprises 1.100,000 fig, rather than being dependent 1,000,000 on a few large employers and 2096 key industries -Is better able 800,000 M King Co. Labor Force to withstand cyclical down 15% fur's and changing market 9 Empl,yed by Top Tea demands. If too many Jobs 400,000 10X, are concentrated in the few largest employers, a 100,OOo 5% % Employed by Top fen 10wntum in a key industry, 0 :ould have more serious 1481 82 83 84 85 66 8788 89 90 0 epercussions throughout the ocal economy. A d," peNmet of King n is concentrated In the top term emplo neNdrplOymeat >EFINITION I In 1981, 19S4 10r and sustalnability. a [Dore, nd 1987,Seatoe City Light zleased data on the ten irgest employers in the "Seattle INTERPRETATION I The rea,' as determined by Seattle significant decrease in round of Boeing layoffs will lorthwest Financial Advisors employment concentration affect this Indicator.in the dunfcipal Light and Power between 1981 and 1984 was future. =_venue Bonds Statemenr 1984, driven mostly bya sharp EVALUATION I IM and 1988 editions). It then decline In employment by the With so much $continued tracking that data. Boeing Company (from ,000 of our local ec 1990, The Economic Devel• to 62,000 workers). By 1990, on the fortuzM alone comp nu y 'ment Council of Seattle and Boeing i Shure of the kxd - (Boe ing) and one Industry ng County released data on Payroll had increased to 99 (aerospace), the Seattle/King a top twenty employers in the Mule eclipsing its earlier ~ County area is still susceptible entral Puget sound won,- to sudden ec employment Levels and shy °n04ilc shocks as , m which data were extracted tOPPI^g the list Boeing's growth events both recent and a dxade the Seattle and Kin Coun was matched by old County gr to other local employers - such as 'a ('Coalition for a Sound sectors such as goverrun errvstenp y • )nomy'). The percenta retailing, and Software government and large rtu lers - 8~ development are directly affected by the se b employers to total Y employment accounted for 11% status of Boeing employment. 'dent, noncommu thug labor of the total in 1990, down from New growth Industries 11.9e :e m King County. Note, 119E in 1981 but back up from a software development and vever, tla t the data does not low of 9'% In 1984. Overall, this dlghrteehnoloHl, are - erentiate resident from non- In i~ for is trer+ding toward lass on Boring but tlyt • • • dent employees (Ie"those P ymentcorcentrad with- unuting from outsfde icing just over one-fifth of total retrtalrss very important nty), employment concentra ted In the LINKAGES I Concentradonof ' top ten employers. The recent employment hncreases the ylxeGlc Scettfs fiupc'+t+m [493 t ~ I S t .:I.w '4 -.~~•.~+..u.....r~.r..•rr~`VM'w.~r.wr~nr~~..•-`...~.ir...~.•••~i • r_riMn~ - ~ ~COtfUiNj~ likelihood of ecawallc ahocvA resulting from large layoffs at a key employer.. 74e resulting cub in tax revenues and corvumoer spending can cause other layofb, driving up homeksamess, poverty, aim rates, and other social irdiaton• A society expert such shocks b ku Mely toUve the resources to adequately suppod envisonmental probsction or Improve rove the quality of urban t SuthlN"S'eSM6 to4w ont /993 ' t•'. - mss. - i , ;eft r ~ t~1 ~,(~~31>" k~~, ,h',l ~ S r~ ~`E4~ Yt S,S,k`tf, r~~ c;; 1F~r ~ ,y' Jw 3~t , .t-:; .w -{;k,th d s •f'cf•...f, ,~•1~.. .y'Ytiel k4 ~ - - a i, • • fu~ti~~tr•:•zv • F•cutfvisf~ , DESCRj"ION 1 7}ds iradlcator attempts to answer the vests . very modest level. The cost of Ow each 'How long must we work each basic seed,.r,dwagelevels Work Required month to meet our basic ' Increased at approximately the survivalneecisr it combines same rate, with only minor for 84SIC Needs hvo different pieces of data. the fluctuatiors. However, average number of hours of average wage In !fig County, WIge 1 Lures could be making work at the average and the cost of a market basket growing disparities between the of ba )Ong County wage sicreq~ements such as poor an the widely wealthy (which required to meet food rcr4 clothing. have been reported and bas1C needs Combining this data allows us supported by other data). Also, to see anestirnate of how many the assumptionol hours of work are required each a ahour work month at an average wage to week could be 100 n"t basic needs for r a farru'I hid Ing changes in ie four living a very y of employers' a 80 lifestyle. A trend upward in the expectations of hours of time one mwt "trade" salaried (non. l~ 60 for basic amenities would be a hourly) 3 40 trend away from susainabfllty, rn ployees; news 20 since It would be reducing reports have Personal time that would Indicated a Mt 0 otherwise be available for other dramatic trend 1980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 8d 89 90 aonomlc purposes, odor upward in the family, education, and work week In The bayfng Power of the overaos community concerns, recentyears. YntV In King couotyhas held steady In recent years. DEFlNITIOM I U.S. Census data EVAlUAT1ON I cn foal annual Payrolls and That the amount would acknowledge that time Is total employees were used to of wofk time required to meet determine utaverage wage our basic needs has held stead Ourmostpreclous resource, it the King county are , assminx is encouraging. However, we y would recognize the value of a 40-hour work week. The 8 must take into considerstion reducing the time spent In trends In thls data weft, several other factors. First, the meeting bale needs and In paid consistent with the U.S. flgureIs perhaps already too employmentln favor of time Department of Housing and high, Second, consumer spent with friends, family, and Urban Development,$ data on expectations continue to rise, oneself, and In eduation, median family income Basic Which places psychological recreation aced co mmunity needs are measured . pressure on workers to work Involvement. the Washington Sate-Wllyby harder" eammore,whichln LINKAGES (This Department of Social and turn makes them less available Indicator Health Services (DSHS). for family interaction and links directly to community community LnYC4vtmWL service and participation levels • PMRPRETATION I In 1982 Finallyp the rise of twotamer borh of which are driven DSHS changed the wa r famllles has led to the downward by increasing f y it determined basic needs In professforWIzation of services demands at work, Child ' WestemWasHngton. Since Mchildcare,home seeuri povertyrataandjuverdlecrime then, the reladowNp and convenience foods, once rates would &W track with this the average wage and t b~ agaZA Increasing the pressure lndiator, as would. cost of livin Gmlly hxOm-M The tai *t effect on is Participation in the arts and g to the SeaMle area that eff recruttk n, • has refrained relatively sable that those who materially have • • +I about half of the average wage. more than rrwvgh feel . lamer i salary would suffice to themselves to be poor compared uPporl a family of four It a with what society seems to. value. ASustainable soclity wlrelHaL(t Sultfa rrtirr,~„ r993 20 r . ~iCONOHI~ ' DESCRIPTION I SustatnabUttyh Increasing stralns'unsupport Children Living about the future, and how well services, we care for the next generation In Poverty tells us something fundamental EVALUATION 171* data In Seattle and about our attitude toward the suggest that the longterm trend OV County future. A sustainable society is toward greater numbers of would prepare for the future by children living in poverty: a ensuring that all individuals In clearly unsustslruble each new generation have the -development opportunity to make the best use ofdhetr guts. Children living LINKAGES 1 16% in poverty are denied that Children groving up 1496 opportunity: their health and In poverty are more nutrition, edua clonal and likely to be at risk for 12li personal needs are generally not substance abuse and 10% met at the same levels as other crime; to receive 11% children, leaving them at a fewer eduadww ® ! disadvantage when they enter opportunities; to County adulthood and at risk for s pend more time continuing problems as adults, alone; and to suffer 2% the effects of poor 0% DEFINITION I The Fed" health are, from 1979 1989 Government defines children malnutrition to living In poverty as persons unwanted Incresslrq numbers of cWWron between the ages of 0-17 and pregnancies. are Uvint In poverty, living in a family with an Childhood poverty Income below the federal links directly with such Issues as poverty line - $14,350 per you low birthwelght, literary, for a family of tour in 1993. ne Juvenile crime and other social data are drawn from the United Indicators. States Census, conducted every ten years, and were reprinted in Children's An lime for * Washington's 1993 report "Washington KkisCouW INTERPRETATION I In 1979, 13.4% of children in Seattle were Uving below the poverty line. By 1989, that flare had risen to 15.7% of a larger population. • (The total number of children living In poverty in King „ County in 1989 was 12,754.) In i general, the rate of children , Living in poverty Is growing faster than theto f the population as a whole. While a great number of factors are • contributing to thls trend, of • • particular note arr. a rise In the number of one-parent famUles, the continued exisbam of areas of persistent povorty, and Sws►5alntabri Srelt'ls lxt7ertasr f 99;e ?1 . • • ..r , t 45;q0-sf0 srb . . DESCRIPTION I it is not possible to have susta nab)e _.communitles without adequate Housing housing for an. Lack of Affordability affordable housing is a nujor cause of homelessness, and it Rollo contributes to MAny 00versodal comporison of median income stresses. Since communities are to hou#Q pdce3 k1 *V Coup made up of households 1y with widely varying incomes, adequate and affordable housingneeds 0.00 to be available for all Income levels, both for -0.50 ® P`W%-hW • median purchase and rent •1.00 Income DEFINITION I"Hc.ving .1.50 Purchase - "Smedian affordal llity- refers lo the income (low Income) relationship between the •2.00 Rental • median price of living quarters income and the ability to pay, •2.50 " Reotal - M median There ue formulas and Income pow ire) ddialdons for both -3.00 housing (purchase) 1982 87 84 85 86 87 88 89 9o 91 92 affordability and rental Honsin8 Is close toaffordabh for medlar hseoma bosr+eboids, but affordability. The a slrAc ~ houstngaffordability ~arc0{dae9ltyrPe~srorlowfaeoeoelouuLofds, 5o% of formula uses the -er °CWve numbers Indicate FjeM Bap between income and affordabwW,, median Income as a basis 00.00" equals m)nimum accepted standard o[ afYCrdabUity,) for estimating low income housing affordability, than the full average rice of a Assuming a30• eaz P eHorm lugs fblll"fremayfirst- and a 20 ercent down-payrne ent apger the nqa bigger the mbar. d extremely or many e at market interest rate, monthly d" and County. come buyer Principle andlnlerestpayments INTERPRETATION 1 Theabaity l~Ir+BCounry are defined as "affordable" if to purchase a single family they are no more than 25% of house In King County improved The median Income tenter household income, For renter, >n the 19805. By 1987, the currently spends about 31% of Paying no nnore than 30% of average King Coup annual income for a typical two- one's monthly Income is d was bedroom, the orue-bath afto des dwelling considered *affordable," idordabl(oft the median alterla for dosearthafforability hou`dnold~However s~r+dazd,atlwtfoiasmall The King County planning and . into ne households coatlntwd to household -fixo , renters is much Community Development . be effectively priced worse. Lo kwon is much ~ Division collects data on house home Pur tmarked outofthe worse, lvenoousselsolde sales and rental prkes and some chase market despite that receive no housing' detenrOnes the "affordability Irrnprovement asststancemusts tend a muds gap'- the average salt or Housing dfadabQlry then Igher percentages of "r rental price of a house minus de"ofated rapidly M orate for a almll o dwallfrtg. e the affordable housing prke- 1990 but has Improved sine. morethan 38 teIn 0001useh • • for both by means of a formula then due to a substantial drop In ~ertoderate Inconne howehoids and ratio. The affordabtli ry interest rates and to spite of & p~ mores tMn brit of , ra Ho is negative when the slight decreau (0.2 perrmt) In ' their income on rent affordable housing price is less medlan household income. The . rcrtfrlxobla Sum l 4wtvhr 1993 22 Eaasraf:f~ 9VALUATION I •rbere Is a slight positive trend toward affordable -housing, both for purchase and rental, for median income households. However, low- income households are facing much greatsr problems of housing affordability. Most 16w4ncome households have no option but rental and have great difficulty even keeping up with ten tat payments.'rhose with low kxomes paying uwre than half of their Income on Sett an at high risk of becoming homeless. UNKAOU 11beavaflabLUtyof adequat<, affordable housing directly elates to the quality and stability of netghbochoods andcommunftfa. Lack of affordable housing Is a primary cause of homelessness. Greater affordability gaps are linked to increased child povMtty and crime rates, AS well as reduced mental health and a diminished sense of personal well-being. SastrbraGla Swttfa Gsl/ortw~r 1442 ~ r. ~s„'•~ ~i f,~~~~ „ lr, n~ ~ (-~ij ~~~j,i~!:~~~~~~ jYi~i~ •l~l 3~,. , [ ~~i F~~~, . _/~1 ~r .t~....__._ - - yam' rl} " `i.: r ~a y Y/ i Z ]+,'S', , e 1 s k' r • • FcoHaKr~ • DESCRIPTION I Healthcare has always been a basic function of Health Care community 11fe. The resources str6cated to health care, and the Expenditures effectiveness of that care, per Capita per year to Washington state. directly affect the sustainabillty, of a culture. This Indicator reflects how much of our $3,000 financial resources are being allocated toward caring for or 52.500 preventing illness (and are 1696 therefore unavailable to meet 11% Tom Spent pet other needs). What It does not $2,000 Capita Annually reflect is how effectively those 12% on 1990 dolls) resources are being used to $1,500 10% improve health; how many ® p~xtion of Personal people don 7t have approprla to 8% access tq health servkes; and $1,000 k"IM how much of our total effort a ®PoNon of Total t spent caring for illness rather $500 4% than promoting health. 2% State & Loci Qov't Expenditures DEFINITION I Percapitahealth so 0% we expenditures are defined as 1980 1990 the sum of spending by the Health are expenditures have been increasln; rapidly. srivate sector (household and )usiness -60% of the total), 10.1% of the average Person's legislators hope eventually to rublic sector (federal, state and total annual income. By 1990 alow the rate of increase, ocal govenunent-35%), and that percentage had risen to economic reforms will not ther (non-Patient revenue - 14.6%, and It trends continue it suffice to change the trend. An divided by the population will be 21.1% by 2000, Health aging populadon}ust now f Washington State. All dollar care took 7.5% of state and local entering the stage of life where mounts are adjusted for taxes In 1980,12.4% in 1990, and chronic and disabling disiesses "nation to 1990 dollars. The will account for 203% by 2000, are more common will place ate Is complied and published These figures are similar to hncrasing Suess on the health e the State of Washington, national trends. If compared are system To achieve ffice of Flnancial Management against data from the 1950$, sustainable health care will 1990 Health Care Estimates: A 1960s, end 1970s - or against the require a focus on the broad Murce Publication for Policy data from other fndustriatized social,, economic, nalysis,' May 1992, p.43). countries - the trend would look environmental, and Iifesttyyttec TERPRETATION I In 1980 we Sigtifkandy worse. ISSUes that promote health am dirnirdsh or eli ent $1,081(in 1990 dollars) EVALUATION I The trend is . mina risks to • r person on health care._By , obviously away from Suhalm th. as heart ilOtherwise,probomsa 90, that figure had risen to Sustairtallity, The WashH ea",, stroke, ,737, it this trend were to State Le$Alatur, passed Health cuu" AIDS er,]ungd conti accidents, ntin ue, by the year 2000 we Care Reform legislation in 1993 an incensing demand foci rate utd be spending $6,927 per that takes important first Step - modkol care. rsan. Total expenditures are toward addressing the economic vlarly staggering; 54.5 billion auses of esalating Our Society cartnot"ustaln the . • • • 1980,$13.4 billion in 19900 expenditures. lnltidly, rising level of healthcare . 3 a projected 633.9 bit hors In however, theca reforav Art expendlMm. Furthermore, it is 10. In 1980 health care expected to Increase 'notappatentthat thae enditures were equivalent to expenditure per capita. While "able Sec 04 Wksfm log2 24 • { I ~COjfOlslb expenditures are:chwly making us healthier. UNKAGIS I Escalatlngcosts make iccess to appropriate and timely health ere for those most vulnerable - the young the old, the sick and the poor - ever more difficult Economic effects are acute: personal, business; a,nd governmental budgets are all seriously affected and potenli lty devastated. A" that Is spending dispropor"mte amounts on health can cantm afford to Invest appropriately in manyodw arcs, from educed on to environmental protection. Sxrds Au4 Seems N&r w 1992 t~ • r • CN<f~vs sN~Socle.~ , • DESCRIPTION I A sustainable society adequately nurtures the LOW nextgeneration. Low birth- tselght Is the most important Birth Welght single cause of preventable infant deaths. In King county, a Infana tS low bkthweight infant is percent of babies in bng County, nearly 19 times more rolling 3-year aver e likely to die than a normal a9 weight infant. She or he Is 14 also at risk for childhood neurological andtespira• 13 tort' problems. A 12 ~0- - 4 • ~O A. -rkm weight infants would Q- decrease in low birth- ! 1 [@=TOW contribute to the health of 10 the nod genera don and 9 suggests trend towards g a ~ \ fl sustatrubillty. ~P 7 x- .X'DEFINI TION i Lowbirth• 6 ~weight Infants are defined 5 X•Xas We ighingless than25M 496 •..~..,y•••A•-`e-"6 ••,s...e•••~.- s . grarns (approxlmsboy 55 pounds). Data are 1980. 1981.1982. 198]-1984 1985.1986 1987- 19M 1989- collected from county 1982 1983 1984 1983 1986 1981 1988 1989 1 birth cerdfkates, analyzed 990 1991 annually by the Seattle- Incrl"109 oumba"of Infants In K King Department of born wfth lowbinlbwaljhL Intl County a" Public Health, and were most recently published In MW Health of King County blethwelght Infants, For the different ethnic oar 1990.0 Rolling three-year period 1989-1991, for'example, likely reflect othgroups social a&W sverages are used to calculate the rates ranged from 122% for economk inequities that also stable ra tes among raclal or Black Infants to 4.9% for Whites, signal an unsustainable social !Mc groups. Note that data During the past ten yeah, the environment. :ollection for Hispanics did not rate for Black low birthwei0t until 1988. Also note that Infants W Increased 12%; and LINKAGES I Low bkthweight he ethnic and racial designs. the rate for Native Amerksns is an Important indicator of Ions presented here are those has Ir' ~ 38%. The rate for sustainablei bet sed PrtheHealth Department WhiteshasIncre edslightly correlateswideaianyother. I Its report. but signifluntly, while the rate WW facto", such as late or no for Asians deem---' In the early prenatal Core, poor buternal • WERPRETATION' I In199J1980s and then staollized at lis nutridM lowIncome, 35% of King County Wants Current Ievrls. during the rnotheess &Idhood, x215 babies) were born with lfrrslted education, Geer w birthweights. During the EVALUATION I Tie data mvwq s t len years, the role of low suggest an overall trend away and r h rthwelght in King County for from susWnabllltyfor the bits, apedally$=kingam e population population so a whole, and a trse• A rise in low, as a whole has serious trend awn ftorr~ bkthweight infants suggata a • • • own a slight but significant - y probable Increase in on* or crease. However' significant susWnability for the Black and. ra tors as wen. heruusatlre fferences were seen by nce or Native Merlon populatkns. , viicl ly in the rate of lw The Inequldes in the rata for factors as eL rhfirabls strtl/s rHr!le~twr t993 . 26 • • 0 )r- ; . Cul#ures eHd Sucle~t DESCRIMON I Juvenllecrime Juvenile rates (together with adult crime rates) tell us about the present Crime r;^ health of the community- pouce refefrb4i and ofmotloru fled reflecting how safe citizens are in their homes and on the K1f1Q County streets, and what portion of the city's resources must be spent fighting aime or remedying its effects. JuvenlIe crime 16000 f rates in particular also tell us 14000 about the direction the 12D00 ` Felonies - Police community Is headed. Young Involvement eopla Involved In crime are 10000 - . - - Misdemeanors - more likely to grow up to he 8000 police involvcmtenr criminal adults. The more Felonies - Informations youths are Involved In 6000 flied with mum criminal AC tivity today, the 4000 Misdemrcanars . : , more we can expect to pay as a sockty over the long term 2000 Iaformatksns Ned In lost life, damaged property, 0 if-ill oil ii--", ~ court prison, parole and counseling 1980 81 82 83 84 83 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 costs, and disintegrating urban morale. Mat Juvenile erlroe indkaton have been Inereutry'In recent ' rears, with violent crime increashl most rapidly. DEFINITION I Juveniles are defined as those 17 and under. Other related Indicators are worse. The trend is clarl Data clted are for crimes perhaps more tallln & y comrnitted in County Gang' movtr$our society away from which Involved~the police (a related alma have rnore the past than sustalroblliry. frsta tep) and on which doubled in eadtotthefew 'irs t #tep) on fled by the years: In 1989, there were 89 LINKAGES I Because crlme has 'are Criminal and Juvenile by th n reported gang-related offenses, become so prevalent [n certaln of the County's Office of the In 1990, there were 400, and areas of the city, It has an overall Prosecuting Attorney (a second 1991 saw 243 In the first quarter deleterious effect on all aspects step; not n all reported classified crimes sae alone' The number of Juveniles of urban life - both in terms of so filed}. Crime are ced arrested for violent crimes has resources used and, especially, I as either felony (a are viol Used 64% since 1988. The In terms of community spirit. ! crime and carious theft} a Increase has bocci* so marked Directly affected art hal"re misdemeanor puss seriow that the Sea We Times called the costs, ctilMren in poverty, and criminal tnfracl es s), trend a tidal wave of violence, vd*k miles traveled (as people rating tltat'School-age move away from urban areas children, who rnake up a sllver perceived as too dangerous). • INTERPRETATION I Juvenile of the state's populatlort, )uvenfle crime Is driven in art . cri me in King'Countyfas judged commit almost of by child poverty, and there both by the number of felony Washington's murders; rapes, seems likely to be an lnverse . I and misdemeanor filings, has robberies, assaults and relatknshIp between Juvenile risen in recent years: from 2791 domestic-violence incidents.' crime arid youths in community felony and 2,995 misdemeanor service. filings In 1980, to 3,121 felony EVAWATION I Over the fast 12 • • • and 4,891 misdemeanor Rlings yap, Juvenile crime has gotten ! In 1992. Note that this Is not a worse, whik over the bit five per caplti measure, and that yew, gq.related and violent pop ula 8 Dn grow th coul d crintoKu gotten 'very,rnuch account for some of the increase. SkrA&4fabk Seahyd fndkWm 1997 27 z • :r . CHJ!flff B BHd S~1C~~' DFSCRIPWN I krgenerationS we have lamented increasing Youth involvement allena *austrial tiona society. monetyg. you ' Gsdus Deteriorating inriorating In Communlfy Service family and educational systems lnckotor Still f o are comrrso ily Identified as be developed causative factors. Turning a chAnges, but one of the most round this trend requires many confidence. Important would be to lively Anecdotal evidence engage youth in community does suggnt that service at an early age Such youth Involvement is involvement will help build the beginning to tread basis forcornmunlty Activity As upward after being a life-long pa item, will engage at a low level for and activate the Idealistic minyyean. The impulses of youth, and will growth of make a valuable contribution to organiutlom such a civic and social life. It will also as YMCA Earth ; help youths develop pwi Live Service Corps and (search Irs progress for selt•concepts, proven skills, and the You th a good Indicator) social commitments that will Involvement help build a sense of personal Networ(, as well as well-being and a sense of place reports of Increased in the community. A sustainable participation In soclety will have well-organized traditional systems for Involving youth in orgardrationssuchas commanltles In many different Scouting and Key WAYS, Club, suggest that we have turned the Inversely correlated with youth coma and are me rates. Adult community DEFINITION I Youth g to appreciate the crik with it, Involvement is defined as importance of this activity, service a%r will will voter closely losely participatio.s In volunteer However, unto we provide the other indications Voter P r of pa cotredauna nnd l activities, ranging from social oPPo~tles aril structures strength an AM d a healthy social s ry servlces and t olitical activism to necessary to facintate environment tralI hwth environmenW,sdvocacy &M lrvoivement by a loge action pro)ec ts. We do rot yet percentage of youth - and until nuinbtts of youth In commurtlty have good doh sources for this we regard this as Important mpror CLn 4dica~tly indicator, w?•rch suggests our enough to at least know what educational achkvtrrsent, soote!j's failure to adequately ,oath are actually doing _ we se negwptivative effects of Appreciate thisfmpommt caruotbeconfident that wewe decre decream poverty and hMthprobknu, Activity, No publk agency achieving what is needed --ollects improve environmmW quality, xn the the statistical wide e array irsformatlon and have numerous other • y of. . EVALUATION I the s1g}u of an positive benell ter, ~ srganf ra tions with which youth upward trail need to be an become Involved {or even it doo"rented. The trend Itseg epresenta Live sample of such needs to be reinforced and rganlcations), Sustainable providedwith ciurcommunity eatile will continue to research support In order to adam cad develop this Indicator. needed progress towards • • • , suabinabtUty. ' , ' MRI'RETATION I Because atistlcsarelacking, wecannot UNXAGE! IYouthin` lerpret►hisIndicator with any co utYkrvkeispr*bly rhslxabfs Sea{ffa G+rllcatatr 1991 ?.t 1. C~i i wr....N ~ • • 0"A"ty OHd seek ~j DESCRIPTION 1 In a democradc + society, the level of voter Voter turnout reflects both the . Participation commitment that people have to In prim 0 thepolidcal system and the ry electlons In Icing County t extent to which alt segments of society can and do partidpa to in crucial decision-making; 'it is also a measure of citizen confi•' dente in social and political 7D% institutions. 60R of Elgible Voters In a sustainable society, citizens so% PnWend engage thoughtfully In key 4091 decisions about governance, and ® %of Regfsrued i have confidence that their 30% Voters Voting voices will be heard. while the 20% concept that 'one vole can make 10% ti of Fbpulation a difference" U an important Over 18 Voting one, In practice this is not a 0% 41 1 - - su(fldentmotivalor. Radler, 1983 1983 1987 1989 1991 . participation must be seen as an Voter registration and partidpatton rata are la decline, affirmation of the belief that the democratic system can and will high 0130% in 1977 to a low of hopeful sign for the future, but work. Decreasing turnout h-4. 13% in 1985. The general trend It'remahu to be seen whether cater either that the system Is has been downward. In the five this increased interest in a organized to discourage civic etections from 1973 to 1981, presidential election year participation, or that people tumout averaged 24% of trwlates to more involvement perceive that it Is so organized registered voters, while in the in local electionsk and have become cynical about five elections from 1983 to 1991 change. tumou t averaged only 18%. EVALUATION I while this data These figures oust be inter must be interpreted with care, DEFINITION I primary elections . prated with some uudM as the even the level 0307G voter are used for the indicator presence of major issues and turnout in primary elections Is because they shape the choices hotly-contested races can not a strong affirmation of the for the final election. Primaries greatly influence turnout. On health of the democratic also provide an opportunity for the other hand, the absence of process. insofar as we maybe protest and dissenting move. such contests can reflect a seeing a downward h end in ments to enter the political weakness in the systeun, at least partkipadon over the last arena. Odd-yearelecdora are In giving dukes Out voters twenty years, we should be very used since even-year elections perceive as Important 'the concerned about the • exhibit erratic voting psttems declining ratio of regUtered impliadom for our ability to (reflecting the presence or voter to populadon U abo a govern ourselves and make the absence of a signUkant sign o(allerudon and decrees. kinds of difficult decisions that ' statewide race), and because the Ing partidpation.. In IM the will be needed to creak a key to active democracy is 642,000 registrants represented sustainable society with the full involvement in local govern- about 55% of the pope Gem, Involvement and concordances ment elec dons, which in while the 733,000 reglste,ed in of titre cidurruy. Clearly, a major • Washington take place in the 1991 represented kss than 47%, ampalgrt for the revlvaI of • • Odd-years. Data come from the despite new laws that have , - an dve ddzen partidpadon Is a offke of the King County Clerk. made registration Significantly high pclodty, weer. Tleaddidonofmore iNTERPRETATION I Pr[ ary than 130AMregistri ll ns in UNKAGE! I Voter involvement voter tv mout has ranged from a 1992 (backup 1055%) I S& U Unked to poverty levels and SKSfafHabla Sars'f!s I+oQ'c+fart 9991 24 i 0 • PM___ SIMMONS . r>rs eHd Socla~ . the health of the sodas r envirorurtea Youth and citizen . 'flied India orslcCrinw, social pro6ler~aro d o9w social associated wlth decrwing civic parwpation i sinus(, Seems j%w'Vf'W 1991 1 ~.wa ~-v ,,fit ~2. r A~q;~ ~ . ~Y~'.Y~ ~ ~i~~~~i~N ~~~i, ~ 1 1 r ) y ~tilr~w.r~wwsq/~IletwW' • V r 1 "a '..i 'N rW i ~ ~ RQF"lr}~~;'~~~ ~S'~"'~~.7 • • Ca/tY+r~s aHd Soc1~t#~ r DESCRIPTION I A sustainable Adult society relles on an informed citizenry, end literary Is Literacy fund amen tat to being percentage of literate adults edequaWyWormed and In IQng County educated. Even in an age of telecommunications, written information continues to be our primary means of disseminating 1009{ critical tr;formation among citizens, government, business, 80% - and educational organizations. 6091 The literary rate describes the percentage of ciizens who are 40% - able to read and write - an 20% indicator of basic educational competence. 0% Uteraey for King County reatdenb DEFINITION I In the Fall of was estimated fa 1990 at 35%. 1993, data from the federally- funded "1992 Washington Uteracy Survey" - which w1Il are currently available; affected: busUmma base its results on one•on-one however, high school increasingly need multi-skilled interviews and actual reading graduation rates in King County employees, not employees and writing tasks - will become have shown aslight drop In lack Ingbaslc skills. available. Undlthen,we me men t ye a rs, f rem 84 44% In using an estimate of state-wide 1989 to 63.96%'at 1991, which literacy originally developed by mayalso indkateadedineIn the State of Oregon and adapted literacy, for use in Washington by the State Office of AdultUteracy. EVALUATION I Movement In This estimate Is based on census the direction of 100% literary data and trends in high school would indicate increasing graduation rates, which are sustainablUty. The data do not considered to correlate fairly suggest that we are moving In well with literacy (the number thatdirecdon7 bul"d,we may of illiterate graduates generally be experiencing a downturn In offsets the number of literate Ode essential component of a non-graduates). INs estimate sustainable society, will be updated as soon as thi 1992 study Is released. Note, LINKAGES 1 T'tu Universityof 6 however, that the 1992 study Is Washington 'riuman Services funded only for thL',sIngle . Policy Center has linked bask effort. Also notetliat$ie skills defklencinwithhigh relatively large homeles particlprtion in welfare and population In King County is othat sjda1 service programs, not reflected in this estimate, lower arrangs, and mote children at risk. In additioM f INTERPRETATION I The data those who all Illiterate are Los 0 suggest that a sizeable patent., likely to parddpate In publk age - around 15%-of King lile;ortober4 it from puWk County residents are not - education efforts. Regions! functionally literate. No ri-f!' on ecorromk vitallty is also It historical trends in literacy rates SkoWfifakf6 Sea 04 rrr t r991 N C .I 1yi.~'-tF CH~fi'!i'814N1;(SOCIBif~ ' DESCRIPTION I Healthy public lfbrariesandcommunity centers Library and. -are both hallmarks of a sustainable society, 7heyfoster Community Center Nr$Onal d development by by making g Usage Rates learning, knowledge, health and Per COPtto In King County fitness accessible to all. They are also an efficient use of resources, allowing for shared use among large numbers of People. In the emerging'age of Library Circulation Rates informatfon; libraries are (Dootu/penoo annuauy) A becoming increasingly 12 If 3rtlficant; and community 10 centers, with their emphasis on g welhv3s and community King Co. Ubrary participation, are often the most 6 r important gathering place in the 4 Seattle Library neighborhood, Weu.used 2 libraries and community centers are indicators of a sustainable 0 society. 1970 75 76 79 82 83 88 91 DEFINITION I Ubrary usage rates are measured by books Attendance at Seattle checked out Per capita per year Commudty Centers for the Seattle and King coup (yidtslyur.Gp[v) library systems. For the Seattle 6 Public Libraries, the Iota! S clrcuIadon b divided by the 4 city's population. For King 3 County, the Itaus tic is 2 determined by dividing total I. circulation by the county 0 population tninusthe 1983 84 83 86 87 88 89 90 91 PoPulation Of Seattle, Data wu obtained from the Amrrkan Library Use std tommanity center use 1 WrAry Directory and the are both Headley tncraaelng. washington Stab LArAry suh.sl4w Bulletin. gone up dramadcally over the Past two decades. In Sattle the Use of Seattle comerturdty • Usage rata for commur3lty.. number of books and other centers has also risen centers are measured by annual material checked o;rt per person substantially slu" 1983. In visits per year at the Cltyan each Year hasrisen from 7SIn 1991, the most remt#yearfor Seattle's 25 community centers, I91D to 10.3 in 1991, a 37 percent which data Is avaBablo, Data on community centers was increase. "County communitycentea were vlslted furnished by the Seattle circulation hoot risen even tub r, 2,885,442 tlmq, up from Department of Parks an' from 5.3 to 103 Items cucuiated 1,719,341 visits In 1983. This ~ • • • Recreation. per person peryar-a9! tart Parcencir+aeaaa 9heoverall be Partlapyattrtbutedtothti, J INTERPRETATION 1 The usage ' upward trend Ls'due in part to use ooff,hthe fa(but uran"surea) dpties y} non- )I both the Seattle and King Improvements Irt Library . Seattle city resid"" In 2cunty Librarysystems has servlces, hours, and ooriecttons. 'addition, the Ravana/Ecbtdn 'OaWfifrbfeSeerft fra7ee v /943 22 . R • rye Imo. ~~~.~r • ' CaftWwft shd Sooisty center, which added about 1 OQ O00 visits per year by 1989, was only opened in 1986 EVALUATION 1 The data for both llbrarksand community centers suggest a strong tend toward sustaWbuity. LINKAGES i Ubrary usage Is closely tied to other signs of soc W sustalnabll[ty such as literary, polRkal interest and knowledge, education level and tntellectwl vitality. The late ate and Wormed population resulting from fnqumt u" of libraries helps to keep crime and other social problem down use of community reeraation centers directly ow4ributes to the physical and mental health of a community, and an help build an biter-cw*cted and fdw4y neighborhood• skdafPe "srttls, tP~larlax x992 iF . 4, ~ ~~~'l~~`h` si .ti i:~P~(•a f -,.y i ~ t ~{~-'r• • : : 4 )h~} 7]~, ti , rip • • Ca6Mre and Soclay. ' DESCRIPTION I Acomtnunity !nay be rnanagingitsaffairsand Public Participation, 'Ming for Itself adequately, But In the' Arts without the life of the Imagination, it may not be a )Qng County, reported exposure worthwhile place to live, and so to O tiat{o Modes not sustainable-This Indicator looks at participation levels In various artistic media to get a sense of our area's culturalvltallty. Rader: Musk, Plays DEFINITION I in 1992, AMS Read: NA Poetry Planning & Research Corp, Novels performed a one-time survey of Seattle/King Movies County residents, commissioned by the IV: Art, Music National Fndowment for Plays, Danac ' the Arts In partnership with. Ahead: Art, Musk the Seattle Arts ComnUssicn Playspance and the King County Cultural Resources 0% 1011 2091 VS 40% StM 60% 9091 8091 90% Division. Residents were asked whether they had Mast King Cmaty nddeots report some srpoaure to the arts, participated In, or had any exposure to, a wide variety ofarts, Thissurveyhasnot 18% attending publicmdings assess how weIlOUT society been finalized, and this data - of books. Movie attendance was accompIlshn that. which measures any exposure also in the by tics of rankings, to the listed medium = should EVALUATION UNKAGEa I Participation with It In the be taken as preliminary. I No hbtorkaJ arts probably finks with Uceracy data is available to dehrn%hw and educational attairvnent INTERPRETATION I Seattle/King trends, but Seattle and King High fit" of poverty and low County enjoys a relative wealth County a')oy very high levels of economic vltaUty would tend to of artistic opportunities. participation In the arts - . state depress participation levels. However, participation by of aftnirs ttut bodes w•'.s for the Some connection could be Seattleites at most traditional areas sostrirybUity An , postulated as well with oerforming arts Is considered Imaginadve,culbrally Alive community service "voting avenge" in comparison with population has 'jw potential to rates, but the nature of that rther major metropolitan cities engage with r:ie issues of connection Is dllficult to n the United States. Residents sustairabllitrln very creative determine. • !o report signiflcantlyhlgher ways -ates of participation Wthestre, )allet, and dance, and they A distinction "Wei be rated, eported the 2nd highest however, between passive 5articipationrateforart PaxlidPatlon(attendsnceand nuseurres and galleries in a 12- exposure) and active pardd• ' 4 study, Patron (creative expression). A • • • truly sustsLable society would ling County ranked Ant In encourage turd tosber the terary pursuits in the same esPressloo ofcreativitybyanof udy, with 82% reporting they Its dtizerts. Other mawrp ead books for pleasure and would have b be developed to tstar,.afak Sasrt`tfa t~rr//citvht l941 ~ . i (f?efr#1elpaxts SUSTAINABLE DaAdyaKazpemyk Dave Cole Bonnie Berk: SEATTLE TRUSTEES Araftect/BioregWW Rkhard Conlin Carla Berke" ' Planner, Dorothy Craig Julie BIscidow (Organizations lfsfed for Shelia Crofut Keith Blume identmtioa only) Doug Kilgore Amy Duggan Juan Boansgra Service Empl*w . Brian Epps Sandy Bradley Mark Asus International Union Edorah Fraur Catherine Bradshaw Solar Sox Cooker Barbara Freeman David Bricklln Northwest David McCloskey ' Pat Fullmer ' KayBuilitt . Departnunl o/ Mid" Garrity, Emory Bundy Alan AtKfsson Sortafogy, Scnttie Lee Hatcher Doug Burro • AfKtwn&A.nodafes Uniaasity Jody Haug - NoreenGLghan Bruce Herbert Nea Carroll Belinda Berg Stem Nicholas Diane Hom Dorm Cato Coorowtor, Pint. City of Sadtfs,-, Katherine" . VIVIM cover SusWnaNeSeaIfie• DepartmattofPfann(ng LaurkMth Bill Chapman Forum Kathryn Kelly . Chris tOrarbonrwn Maura OBrlen Shelia Kelly Short Clarke Rev. Carla Berkedal Rolaryinternational ' Anne l(solw Ron Clink Earth Ministry, Victoria Lambardin! David Cole Episcopal Diocese of Kit Perkins Naydaru Maykut Brian collins Olympia Plrner, Coy of Port )wafer Mundee • TimCalmsn Townsend Pater Nelson Richard Conlin NeaCarroU SawNkhoW Nicholas Corff ToucbWne Vicki Robin ' Mauro O'Brien Pets CostantW New Road Map KH PerkL l ' Don Covey Dan Clarkson Foundation Derek pooh Dana Cox Department of Ecology I" 11tow Alice'Shored Lelia Smith Sheila yyCro~t Richard Conlin Triangle Awdafts Chris Stafford Groin Dee: Mebocenter YMCA Alex Stdhn Dee Dtckw"n Chris Stafford Joan Sundborg Jim Dins Shells Crotut The Stg"Archfactf AllsonTucker Martha Dips Bain wdge Island city Mika Woavw Carol D. DiMarodio Cmuno David Smukowskl Fablola Woods Susan Doededetn Boring Company. 1ByZiminornaan.,, Ann Dold Barbara Freeman, Joe Dominguez • . ' Student, Unkersityof Haul Wolf : Alan DomosU. Was)dnglon : Audubon Sockty 1994 CMC PANEL Kfkors Dorsey' Amy Duggan-, Lee Hatchei My 71mrnermara MarkAalk' Clair$Dyclanan . • Dames & Moore ' Poo & C►em Cynttnla Adcock ? Polly Dyer • Corrvnunlcattcns KleiberiyyAries► BobEaglostaEf f Bruce Herbert Susan Alotrloo . Dave EUSeet Prognsslae SerurifkS ' Cedle Andrews Linda El i$ IN0fCATORSTASK Amie Anfinson Jim Evans ..DianeHocn TEAM, 1991.1995 'Toni Angdl:i. Micksypram, FnvtronmenlaJ i Alan AlKWoei - -Toddfredonnkii • Consuttiq Strvka Mark'Aalh Ruth Baelrrrn r Rob Fellows • • Mike Fifts"im Alon Kathrjm Kelly Ed Bekher ton 1 Mona Halley : Nate lro r Environmental &lirida Berg Ed Bek9w. Angela Ford Trzicoto;y : Nei Gesori Phitllpp bottom Smphert Forerun • . international Dart CJarkaoa BdFndi Dreg loeev+e Franey SmOsb k Sarfi& frr4wforer M92 fS . y • But Freedman Barbara Freeman Ron Lewis wra. )im Rulls This dannrrtnI was _ T Friberg, Nkk Lkata Davis Ryan produced by the. John Little chase Rynd foUowin Pat Fullmer . 415 Shelton Diana Cale ) ma cy Lon , Bob Sickn WRfiFAS AND . Luddw Dave Galvin David Lurie Uster Simpson RESEARCHERS Bob Gary Michael MacS"ns Leon Smith Mark AaW . Pat Gibbon KateMandeL LfzSmith AlanAtKlsson Robert CdnAn Milenko Matanovkh' Ron,Sny ukowader &Lnda Berg Lonnie Goodtacher David McCloskey t Chris StafforClarkson g tY Bill Stafford ' Larry Coasett Mary er Kathy Crah,m Mark McDermott Lary SDens Peter CostantW Na Carron Michelle Crarugaard Evy McDonild' him Street Barbara FnmTAn Tom Grles Don Strombe Gerrity. Patty Grossman Nancy McKay rg Mchael pStrasahl Marcia Guthrie Patricia McLan. 1*0 Hatcher FemHalgren Virlgi' JdrsSun ys' JodyHiug Susan Hall Ed Medelros ' Oiof Suadin Diane Hom • ' S H&nmn Phil MILam Tom~.~,~,~ Shsna Keay. Lynn Miranda Paul Topvef : Kale Lazarus Lee Hatcher . _ Sharon Torrow Wally Toner Nsydene Maykut ' , . *e L ` Jennifer Mundea... Jody Haug John Morefield AI n Tude Steve Nicholas )mss " Hayes' Bill Moritz . , lu4m Van &Wen'- Kit Perkins Sharon Morns : Menno van Wyk Demk.Poon ; Jo Henderson ' Scott M°rf0 Am Waldo . Lesllo Smith Bruce T. Herbert Eug" Wasserman Carlos Herrera . Gia Moulton Mike Weaver Alex Shari Hirst MMar Murphy Edward Wenk, Jr. W ~ T Diane Horn Peter Nelson Carol yynn %W Et;ily Heather Houston Dick'Nelson Woody Wilklraon'' Fritz Hull . ' Steve Dlkholis . Don WUUs EDITORS r . ' Rick Jackson: Steve Nyberg Cart Woptwin : Alan A Hanel wolf ' rrow. t Phil ackson Maura O'Brien Kir ' Robert Wood Na Ciroli k lohmon Cary O weal Rkhard Conlin', David Bruce Jones ' Pettis Woods Vkld Robin Ortmen Kent Kammerer : VImG. Wright . - ' Davldya Kaspersyk Dick t Pigeler RY7Jmrrer ;Alex Steffen , Ron Kasprisin ka++PeLey LurieKelth KltPerklro GRMhiICS. Sheila Kelly ' McLisa Petersan Alan AtKlasdn , KathrynM • Bruce Kendal[ Hanna Petrol Na Carron, Doug Kilgore Cary Pivo Brian BPpsNancy Place J V Lee Ha tcher Charles rg RlchardPkw Penelope Koven Deeek Poori ArthurKnickenbeig Lorr,inePoii! 1h~lERNS Vic Kucera r Robert Reed .I a .1 i.'•MkhwlGaaity RossRaldet Y two. r .rr. • Ak1K urOse Michael Laforld °.Vkk1 Robin' r s' ' ti''s ti • Pa 1LampluKe Mary Robineen ' ' , : + ; Del Zarod Romtnka! 1 p Ter*yl Rosi• l,i•' .Y •.J t L I+. y.. { . r. '1. f. • • Agenda No 11 ~L Agenda hemn~nn~~ .9 Dale-ll[1- The Denton Plan Action Plan / Timetable Se;Aember 1997 City of Denton staff has been asked to develop recommendations ' regarding the Denton Plan. The completion of the plan will require many different levels of activity including opportunities for public review and comment at several stages throughout the entire process. Plan elements recelving attention are described below, and updates Will be QOM M["tMM►L." ~,M,b, W a E N circulated to keep ktterested parties Informed of plan progress in the SMALL A11tA PL ua absence of called meetings, It Is " w.."::" Important to note that since work on different stages of the plan WH occur simultaneously, careful attention 2EN N0 E11awwu w nOM[ needs to be paid to Overall =L"6 [nlxT++R[ MAane ►U w! coordination of the stages. E,"Q ,rw. eovt A.wT... oo ~w [ VDOlT[ I tON W / I"ME T MALIC fACIIi TI[1 .LAN! VOLV NTA A VIINC[NTTV ■ ►ROOIIAM [ In August 1997, an initial bnnetab~e was drwiated to City Council members daubing a sd*duls for Denton plan actions. Waft E under way, and a progress update Is given Wow, • EXISTING DATA (Outlet for City Counc& revlew Io be completed SepWd 1991 FORECA LS, pmrno for City Counul review to be canpleted mid-Sept 19971 An outrw* identifying existing data Is being prepared using two major caW906", `l)"Whks' i • and `Geography.' The Me A be organized to desetibe how the analyses A be performed to ~ • • present Information that will help planning and deveiopmenl poricy dooWon-ma", 1 CURRENT TIMETABLE; On schedule; dw Exlsdng Deft outylne and Forecasts memo Of be scheduled for city Counclf dlscmW of the October fa, 1497 work Sea84on. • • VISION STATEMENT [Draft for City Couna review to be cornpieted by late Sept 19971 The draft Vision Statement has been completed by the Development Policy Committee (City staff) and is attached, CURRENT TIMETABLE: On schedule; the Draft Vision Statement will be placed on the agenda for City Council review during the October 10, 1997 Work Session. PLANNING POLICIES IDraft for Uty Cound review to be completed by late Oct 1997] PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PROCEDURES [Proposal to be completed by late Oct 1997] The Develoi l Policy Committee (DPC) has prepared a 'Growth Management Strefegy' lo assist in s&ng a framework to the remaining Planning PoWes, The draft strategy was completed in advance and Is attached. The DI PC has completed a rough draft of the Ptaryiv*Q Policies and is in the process of final revislom and In-house review. CURRENT TIMETABLE: On schedule; the draft Growth HanopementStrategy will be placed on the October 14A, f997 City Council Work Session agenda. The bulk of the Planning Policies and the Pubfk invohiment Procedures will be scheduled for review at the October 28a, f997 City Council Work Session. CouncU wiU bs esked fo reiesse the WsW Statement and Planning Polkles for public review at the meeting on October 2P. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (Draft framework' to be completed by Dec 19971 Work on the Comprehensive Plan framework has not yet begun. Existing conditions data, forecasts, vision statement, and pokies need to be available before development of the • comprehensive plan can begin. While the Vision and Planning Porkies are undergoing public review in anticipation of eventual City Council adoption, staff will begin to work on the coordination of comprehensirve plan activities, CURRENT TIMETABLE; On schedule; staff Is prepared to schedule inNol discussion regarding the Comprehensive Plan for a December 10%, f997 City Council Work Session. • Additional review materials will be presented to City Council before actual work on the • • Comprehensive Plop begins. This stage is the most lntensivo stage In the Denton Plan, and will not be started in eemesf until Spring 1098. Pubik lnvolvament will be extensity during this effort. t 2 • • • SMALL AREA PLANS [Draft Program to be canpleted by Oct 19971 The City's Small Area Planning Division has prepared a draft program that Is about to be reviewed by the DPC. Research is being conducted at the same time to delemane how other cities approach this topic. The intent to develop a Fry Street Smai Area Plan has been announced, but has not yet been started, pending City Cound comments regarding the draft program. CURRENT TIMETABLE: On schedule; ft draft Smsfl Ana Planning Program wfH be completed by late October, but will be bold for review until tM November 11q 1997 City Council Work Session, IMPLEMENTATION (Sign Ordinance, Parts Dedication, Landscape Ordinance, and Thoroughfare Corridor Overlay Districts to begin as soon as possible] • Sion Ordinance: Draft amendments were prepared by staff and reviewed by P&Z on August 270,1997 and September 10^,1997. The City Council Work Session was conducted on Spetmber 231d,1997. Oty Council public hearings wd be held on October 76 and 210,1997, CURRENT TIMETABLE: The sign ordinance Is on schedule and nesrcompletion. 6 Park Dedleatlon, The Parks and Recreation Board has begun ducussion of park dedication requirements, and a tentative review schedule has been set as follows: Parks & Recreation Board: Monday, October 206,1997 Monday, November 17f, 1997 Planning & zoning Commission: Work Session Wednesday, Novembor 190, 1997 Public Hearing Wednesday, December 100,1997 City Council: Work Session Tuesday, January 131h, 1998 Public Hearing Tuesday, January 201h, 1998 CURRENT TIMETABLE: The park dedcadon ordinance Is on schedule. • • Landow Ordinance; Planning and Development staff Is revlw4ng a pre4mtnary draft of an ordinance intended to merge landscape, bufferyard, and tree preservation roqulrements. The review schedule has been tentat vely set as follows: Planning & Zoning CorrmissW: Work Session Wednesday, December 106,1997 Public Hearing Wednesday, January140,1998 City Council: Work Session Tuesday, January270,1998 • Pubic Hearing Tuesday, February 3rd,1998 • • CURRENT TIMETABLE: The landscape onftenco schedub wfH procsod as odgtnslty planned. s ti • • Tho rowhhro t;orridorv: Planning and peve *wt staff is preparing an Dunne for City Cound review that wit! dew M the methods proposed to address visual query ob)ctives fa * highway corridors. This effort wA ikely be proposed ass small area plan. 'V*wshW analysts lechni ues can be used to defermtne 'areas of senW y, and the extent to wW development charaderls6cs wd inlhwo visual Ward. CURRENT T_AS E: Th nwo outlMing m approrch wfq be dogvwod on rrd*&Ie, by We October 1997. Dfacussfon of ft Howmbrr 11a Cfnr coundt Woo* Sasfon wffl be schodufsd, ATTACHMENTS: Draft Vision Statement Draft Growth Management Strategy • J , 1 • , 4 • `,l.~' gyp. l~ v l_a.~ ! , n.r i Y _'a4 r ta3i'iYa, • THE DENTON PLAN This draft Vision Statcnxni has been prepared for City Council review. City staff (the Development Policy Committee) has read the vision statements offered by several Council and P&Z members, and has attempted to combine the concepts that were voiced most frequently. The document is intended to be forward-looking and eerily read At the direction of the Denton City Council, city staff members will conduct a public involvement process to obtain comments from Demon's stakeholder. The draft Vision Statement, Growth Management Strategy, and Development policies ue intended so be released for public comment together. City of Denton Draft VISION Statement September 1997 Imagine hax Denton will look in 2020. Our city has grown to nearly 100,000 people. We are known as an attractive and distinct city. Quality, diversity, and opportunity are the keys to our success. People with all kinds of different backgrounds have found that Denton is a place where they can find work, reasonably priced housing, and good schools and parks. Residences come in all sizes and shapes and offer a choice of lifestyles, a true expression of our strength in diversity, Neighborhood centers now contain small shops and stores that are designed to 'fit ino with surrounding homes. You can choose to walk, ride a bike, use the transit system, or drive to and from many destinations throughout the city. Local businesses and employers are doing well, catering to customers needs and promoting Denton s image at the same time. There is a place in the city for all types of development necessary for a healthy, vibrant market, Wive all learned to balance cost with quality. The Downtown is bustling; the Square is used every day and night as a gathering place for civic events, entertainment, and commerce. Downtown residents have grown in numbers that have surprised everyone, and the renovated Civic Center Park has become a huge draw. Yet the scale of the downtown remains charming, and examples of the city's history have been wonderfully preserved. Walking from place to place within the downtown is actually more convenient then driving. The universities have prospered as Denton has grown. The campus of the University of North Texas has flourished, and is a highly visible landmark, • • prominently displayed to visitors passing through the city. The Fry Street Area and Oak-Hickory Historic District have provided Important linkages l between the Downtown and UNT as well. The Texas Woman's University • • continues to thrive, and has become strongly connected to the Downtown as a result of the Civic Center Park renovations. The UNT - Downtown - TW corridor has blossomed into a dynamic and lively area, and is the heart of Denton. Public facilities and services are extremely well-coordinated. Schools, roads, and utilities are planned properly, and the city, county, and school district work together better than ever before. Residents are confident that their taxes are devoted to quality and efficiency. We are proud that our commitment to education, culture, recreation, and entertainment has so much to offer to so many people. The lives of everyone in the community are enriched, regardless of age, income, or race. We can thank our schools and universities, our government, our civic groups, and our businesses for enhancing our lives. We have known all along that these resources contribute far more than a physical presence. We now know that we need nature as much in the city as in the countryside. Our land, air, and water resources support our built environment, and are precious, kesource protection is embraced to enhance our lives and avoid the costs of thoughtlessness. Lake Ray Roberts and the Elm Fork Nature Conservatory have proven to be resources of incredible value, well worth the initial investment. Floodplains and creeks have emerged as greenway corridors that serve many needs such as flood protection, recreation, tree preservation, and habitat support. Environmental planning has taken its rightful place as an essential part of Dentons strategy to grow wisely. The entire world is within easy grasp of Denton. We are regional partners with a major metropolitan area that has much to offer. Global transport is • within convenient distance, The ability to choose a certain level of interaction - be it the city, the metroplex, or the world - Is an element that has been used successfully to market Denton as a progressive city with a "home town" atmosphere. We have achieved what we wanted all along - the development of a dynamic, ` • • interesting, and healthy city that we can pass an to our children and future generations. Denton prepared for growth as a team and now prospers as a team. ,I s • • r THE DENTON PLAN DRAFT GROWTH MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Septembw 1997 pnpand for Cfty Councff Ravlew INTRODUCTION Growth wry continue to occur in Denton, and the rate of growth may accelerate In the near future. Proactive pia wkV is considered the preferable epproach, defining the 'rules' by whkh growth wN bemR the most people Proactive plervdng requires preparation and an who fnvestm l of resources 41 antWpation of growth. Public imWm d is o*d to plan success, Prevention of adverse hnparffs Is a key ebment h such a strategy. The tens preferable alfemaM Is to react to growth and Is Impacts as they happen. Preparation Is not necessary. Consumer demand ddws the bcefion and type of new devekprnert and gowerrmer filet services and WOW systems are desJ ned b response to growth trends. Pbnrang for cly sarvkes becomes on educated guesskV game. Responses to adverse Impacts are b ' more expensW to k than to prevent. Proactive p4rvft Is a'step ahead' of growth, reactions to growth are &Wys a 'step behind.' The growth management strategy contains policies that keep Denton a 'step ahead.' AN other pokes In The Denton Plan must adhere to the Growth Managemerd Strategy, Growth Management Strategy Elements 1. Essential services provided by govemmenl must be maintained at the highest levels of quality possVe. City services intended to protect and preserve pvbrrc heatth and safety must be provided In an e> sting and future Denton stakeholders, 2. The growth management strategy should support the coordination of public services with private developmenL DevpJopment patterns that make the most efficient use of public services and Infraslruchue should be promoted. The We impad of private development should be accurately ldenlified and assessed h proportion to public costs and benefits, • 3. The community should establish development rules that are clearly stated, admWstered eff0ently, and enforced oonWenlfy. ff developmenl Is proposed that does not satisfy the rules, it should not be alloyed. 4. The city needs to make use of economic Incentives, infrastructure and Investment to coordinate and enwurage development consistent with its vision. The use of Ihe% toots b _ • justified only when pubk benefits can be dearly defined and measured. • • 5. Land uses should be balanced to maintain a diverse eovM and a well-proportioned tax base. The dly will provide opportunities for the development of a fop way of land uses Wthln r the city. j Via. _ rY' : ~ y • Y, GO d Dmmn DaRfiYa~T S7+r0t s~pYRbr 1997 p~p~ 7 d 2 B. Areas of tine city susceptible b envvonmenhal damage, or where infratiichn systems are stressed, or where development would oortit ect city plannng objectives should be ldentifred and protected. 7. Zoning should be used as originally intended, to address extreme irrconrpatiblities betvreen land uses. Zoning should not be used to create rigidly defined sirrglejurpose d'istrict' that cause a variety of unintended and negative sine effects. A roexa lindon of he use of inning as a planning bol should be conducted to reeled conmuoity vakm suowssh fly. 6, Development guidelines should be estabGsbed to allow a wider range of land uses to coexist within dose proximity to each other. Site desgn principles, aesthetic guidefnes, and comtfuciion standards should be invesfgated as possible tools to promote land use oornpatib 4 and encourage developmental dnersrty. 9. The iocalion, placement, and design of pubk faciities such as paft, schools, fire VA". l brarlesr or human ser*es facilities should be used to create neightatmd acfN* center. Coordination of planning efforts between different units of local govemment should be encouraged to save money wA yield greater beriefits to residents. ID, Incentives should be developed to allow people from al incorne levels to frve In the same neghborhoods. Residential da•reloprnent that estat ties a variety of td sizes, dwe5ng types, and housing prices should be encouraged. 11, The City should be designed to accanxriodate people rather than autorobiles• As growth oocurs, a variety of mobF4 systems should be given space to owned people to destinsOons that are important to dally functions. Trensit, bicycle, and pedestrian k*agea should be planned and Implemented to serve logy transportation needs safely and comer, n1fy. • t 6 J y~~ Y l f r 1 nJ ° a ♦ I _...v ~ t1 l b, rr• ic~~~ r~yY k~~r, ) ~1•t art, ' l'~J4 !Yar J V ry'ilr~~,r [ a~~5~i ~~yt ♦i~}~ ~~~r~, ~'YI-~ 7 ~~~~~~~iy,f a~~tic51~~~f ~~~!•rt~rl l I OCTOBER, 1997 J. 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 U ~imk+l~►~1G~+ib ~~fl~C1ti/y~ 13 14 15 18 17 20 21 22 23 24 Ya~skfiau>~n~ G Gw~i~l ~arA : ~1~1~~ ~ca~,►+~: 6I~+n+Mc~*M~'4 \ • 27 29 30 31 1~l lo~k1++MV r r ' K 4 NOVEMBER, 1997 r 3 4 5 8 7 10 111&4 12 13 14 .S~II ~u ~~~s ~N tia 19 20 21 177 18 D(IMW 124 25 28 27 2e - 0 1 , r 4 as DECEMBER, 1997 1 2 3 4 ~u~1u Mkt. 8 9 10 11 12 NZ.~blw 4NIVI= V4 q4&4_0N . OracN~++w t,aNOlsc~ tx~4M 15 16 17 18 19 R~lu M+~K~ ~f jtA Co~,pr~~~+au~ r " ram 22 23 24 25 28 6; fla 129 30 31 • i JANUARY, 1998 1 2 Yes 5 6 7 6 9 12 13 14 15 16 ~;tw1 Z ~~blw ~wydb: ord~ria~c 19 20 21 22 23 %I;(. w4t: brd okv 27 28 29 3D 4rc~+laanc~ FEBRUARY, 1998 2 3 4 6 8 ~owt41 0(aiYlAt(1 9 10 11 12 13 18 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 28 27 t r x,- ~ L r r 1 t Y. r , ..-r,, . "~+K~' ;7 r~a~;~..:3 !r kr •fi.'$:`~~`: ~ ~~i'>+.w,5.,'7t Cam.,. \ r AQVda No. O/ Ag4nda Ittm Date ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF DENTON, TEXAS, APPROVING SETTLEMENT AND AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE A COMPROMISE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT IN LITIGATION STYLED JOEL DA_R_NELL PATTON AND NELDA JEAN PATTON V. THE CITY OF PARIS. THE CITY OF DENTON. AND THE CITY OF CORSICANA: AUTHORIZING THE EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS THEREFOR; AND DECLARING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY ORDAINS: SECTION 1. That the City Manager is hereby authorized to execute a Compromise Settlement Agreement in litigation styled RM Dameil Patton and Nelda Jean Patton v. The Citv of Paris, the Cily of Denton. and the City of Corsicana providing for the settlement of this case, in an amount to be apportioned by the Defendants, n Ith Vtnton's share not to exceed Thirty-five Thousand Dollars ($35,000,00), in substantiA accordam, with the terms of a Compromise Settlement Release of All Claims, executed i,.r a form to be r..pproved by the City Attorney. SECTION If. That the City Manager is authorized to make ;4c expenditures as set forth in this ordinance. SECTION Ill. That at s ordinance shall become effective immediately upon its passage and approval PASSED AND APPROVED this the day of_ 1497. JACK MILLER, MAYOR ♦ ATTEST: JLWFER WALTERS, CITY SECRETARY 1 i BY: 1 APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM: HERBERT L. PROUTY, CITY ATTORNEY BY: O&C3.,tp.+o. wak7 as r / r HANDOUT TO COUWX - 10/14117 MEMO OC1'OBFR 14, 1997 TD t7tY ODtAXLst' 'tT~t~ r r ' ~~t tf~1/R• ~ ~tltt~~J•. ~,{.s..l I~l' Y"< ~r~ 141 ,Y SUILRLR.';..lntlKSq MOAT' ~l♦~•. r a. ;y,.♦ FINANCIAL: 1. The preliminary financial reports for fiscal year ended September 30, are not available at this time. Attached is a brochure prepued for the annual meeting held in Denton on September 11, 1997. Items of particular interest: a) major accomplishments, Page 2 b) total agency regular employees, page 3 c) mwh cost breakdown, page 4 d) statistical charts comparisons, page 7 2. 1997 MWII production was 2,879,377; FY1996 was 2,571,360. REGULATION r LITIGATION: 1. Power Sales Contract Amendment. DeclaratoryJudgment was granted by Travis County Judge, Mugaret Cooper. The a_ .ndment will be effective 30 days after signing. Bond Counsel opinion that amendment will not adversely affect the security of the bond holders must be received prior to signing. 2. The antitrust lawsuit filed by College Statement relating to Transmission matters was dismissed by mutual agreement. 3. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission(FERC) and Public Utility Commission of Teaas(PUCT) . On September 26, FERC issued an order requiring that TMPA and Bryan immediately enter negotiations with College Station and submit "final offer" by October 14 to establish transmission rates for College Station. At special Board meeting held in Garland on October 1 , Board recommended that offer be based on PUCT rule with College Station to make some supplemental payments to adjust for DUCT transition formula. Without some supplement payments TMPA do Bryan would be subsidising College Station under the PUCT transition formula. • 4. Efforts to reduce cost of coal transportation are continuing. Primary effort is to work with regulatory commissions. 1 •i OPERATIONS: 1. Preliminary assessment by Performance Coasukant, Ben Green. Positives are: The move to powder rivet eoaL t' • a The advanced steam designed path and 10 yew inspection cycle. ~ • • State of the on Westinghouse WDPF control system. a Tat burning and evaluation of PRB feel sourm. Personnel performing acceptably under current controls configuration. Controb tweed to be tuned emote precisely. I •t Y 1 - r Y Bolles f Lmace exit temperature is lower than typicaL Summary of positives: A good Plant and good opeatioc. Has potential to be a great plant Negatives: Boikr exit temperatures are too high. Nox emissions arc Pushing allowable limit. Controw are not tuned sufficiently to allow high load operation at steady state. Instability of unit operation at high loads. 2. Transformer limits operation fit high bads. Other alternatives fife necessary for full load opeeuions. OTHER ACTIVMES3 BOARD OFFICERS FOR 1997.9& President Unda Brrgfi, Guland We President Bill Giese, Denton Secretary Mike Conduff, Bryan BOARD RETREAT: " Board Retreat is schedule for November 12 at Gibbons Creek Plant. The regular November meeting is scheduled for November 13. • all e'L . a • A Yen OF FREPARIm Folt ME JOURNEY Fiscal Year qY7 an overview ofTMPA's preparation for the journey into future competition Gibbons Creek at 490 KWs w </uly=d IW, Cy" n' e The turbine's low pressure rotor (47 tons) is being wt into pta:e _ A superheater section is lifted 00 feet off the =round and girded into the boa" bachpass ' t jprr71 J. 19 P7. Tess Municipal Power AAenry i O P.O. Box 7000 Bryon, Texas 7780S • in April the Ag ency purchased the lot 31 dragiine and the overland conveyor system r = from Met Life C'ap'ital and terminated the leveraged leases relating to the equipment. In t additi0% THE DRAGLONE WAS RECENTLY SOU! TO EWEGRASS COAL DEVELOPMENT ComPA,YT. These transactions will result in savings of $25 million In comparison to the leveraged leases. The Agency Is currentfy soliciting bids for the sale of the overland conveyor system. • In JUne the ROTARY CAR MPER'S DUST COLLECTOR Wad completed The dust collector removes air bonne coal dust particles and enmInates the need for water sprays for dust control. e On May 29, 1947, the plant was tested, In accordance with ERGOT guidellnes, and the plant ESTAILISHED A MET DEPENDUU CAPAa LFTY Of 462 :ter' ~ r MWS. Uts INCREASED THE PLANT RATING FROM 40S TO 462 NWS. y`Major accomplishments during RY97 have • impleimented a plant controls tuning initiative prepared the Agency for the J%WMEY, It starts with to improve load stability and full automatic an improved competitive position and a capability. proactive attitude for the futw a. Some of those • The Agency has contracted accomplishments are: performance evaluation on and end to how emsrrt • The Agencys Board of Diredors developed 8 performance e Inlids plant to develop rtasssrrabla adopted a new MISsION STATEMENT FOR THE AGENCY. °tndenci m and improve • SCOTT MCGOLIGH NAMED GENERAL MANAGER of TMPA operational efiicler►cles. in March, 1997. • Completed the scheduled lay-off of pamnrW and stabiTized the woredorce at 137 POSIT IONS Irefer to Insert). The Agency vWlted four power staRlons • in the Spring Outage TMPA Installed a GE burning either Ognits or western coal and ADVANCED DESIGN STEAM PATH (ADSP) HPi1P TuRauNE. gettrored data TO COMPARE WAGES, SALARIES, IENEFrTS, The Installation accomplished the following: ORGANIZATIONAL MUCTURE, NUMUR OF PERSONNEL, A" Increased the generation capacity by 10 SPECIAL OPERATING A MAINTENANCE PRACTICES. NTWs. The results were us ad to compere T11APA to Achieved the reduction of net plant heat other similar facilities. rate ofIS7 btuikWh. Extended the Initial turbine overhaul cycle to a 10 year Interval. c • In the Spring Outage TMPA Installed ADOITRONAL The following table oompares two different J SUPERHEAT SECTIONS. The installation eras of TMPA To tuurnuTE asPROVEMENTs iN uNR accomplished the following: PEuFORMAF u over the lest two fiscal years: Restored superheat and reheat . 1,H.AOlI/SNRanlows f temperatures to their design of LOOS A".PwAOSIISNlFA orxAr7bN! deg reel. The month of July Is used as the basis of the Reduced net plant heat rate by 115.5 comparison due to this time frame typically being btu/kWh. the Agencys highest gsnersdon month. ' IN' I • Total Agency Regular Employees IN, 4 Execute 8 6 6 5 5 5 0.0% 373% Finance 22 20 19 03 12.5 9 28.0% 59.0% Budget i 6 Na Na Planning Adm. i Hunan: 68 6I S5 30 16.5 3 8IA% 953% Resources General S"Ykes 5 Na rah o Engine 1 i'r g 6 2+8 236 219 173.5 117.5 100 N18% 5916% OPera.:w $ f Fuel 6 Land II 9 7.5 9 (20.0%) Na o Yobl 30 313 310 231 159 137 MW 60.4% • r, • • • MW h Cost Breakdown Fiscal Year 1998 Frel Cost _ 512.2 NoK•Fr.l oaM Debt Servlce - jIBJ9 Plant A Transm R A It • 51.27 .Adroln i General S 1.54 f 'TranamIsslonOiM Leaea Payne ents MIna Malsitinarc• a Reclamedon Total MWh Cost -x'40.2/ • • Performance Indicators Fiscal Year 1998 Projected Last 4 Description Months-FY97 7arget•FY98 Equivalent Availability (%I 93 95 Average Not Plant Heat Rate (btu/kWh) 10,200 10,250 Full Load Not Plant Heat Rate (btulkWh) r.,-t available 9,956 Production Cost ($IMWb): Budget 15.48 15.45 Actual 15.45 not available Peak Period Capacity Factor 91.5 92 Plant Impact on ACE Stay w/in 15 MW Range of Target not available 90% of the time • Safety Work Hours Without a Lost initial target Time Accident (hours) no lost time hours 250,000 ' Failure Prevention Hate load loss due to equipment failur*) 7.0 <4.7 • Error Prevention Rate load loss • • duo too rrator arror) Q <.30 Note - These indices are based on staff input and may change upon completion of the plant performance assessment. • • PREPARATIONS FOR THE UTILITY DEREGULATION Sources: ELfrP & Electrical World, Jan 97 and Report to 75'" Texas Legislature - Potentially Strandable Irnnstmsrrt IECOM) Report According to the Edson Electric Institute, coal generation currently provides more than half of the total electricity generation and remains relatively inexpensive compared to other fuels (oil, gas, and nuclear). Considering the unknowns associated with Dmwu" (ttetert WmEEt*K), TMPA has taken a proactive approach in positioning itself to compete when the effects of DmGmATm take place. This approach has led to cost cutting, downsizing, internal restructuring, and financial restructuring, that will prepare TMPA well Into the future. POST DEREGIAADO t will create a market where variable costs will dictate the setting of prices. The winners will be nuclear, hydro, and coal-fired units. Under, competition the market will seek out the generating units with the loww variable production costs such as hydro, nuclear, and coal-fired units.. TMPA's"coal-fired generation will continue to mirror the predictions for the nation's coal-fired generating capacity in providing a competitive priced energy. i Because variable costs are t)-,e key to setting prices in a COMMIME P*Ko MARKET, a major driver of regional wholesale prices will be the composition of the generation mix. As a 1 rule, the more generating capacity with low variable costs--such as coal-fired, hydro, and nuclear plants-a region has, the lower its power prices should be in a competitive • environment. Moody's energy and capacity pricing assumptions for each NERC Region show ERCOT to be exactly at median price for both energy and capacity. ERCOTs energy prices reflect the region's diverse fuel mix. . • TMPA Aw rrs MEm&ER CmEs, with coal-fired generation meeting based load requirements, • • J should continua to remain competitive within the ERGOT Region when the t.oulPETfTiVE ,I POWER MARXET becomes a reality. Z I ~I _ ~ -rte... i 0 • July Comparison - FY96 & FY97 Net Generation FY96 PRS-Pre FY97 PRB-Post Target ADSP/SH ADSPSH I I _ 4 Net Gen 270,459 313 25' 3 5 ' 3 Net HR 11,090 10 076 E2 5 2- Cap % 89.1 911 3t 5 EA 92.9 9ti 2 fl 5 0 - FOR 4.83 0.0 93 94 95 95 P 97 P 98 P 99 . TMPA ■ InEUStry Awnpr The comparison above shows substantial improvements as a result of the modifications. T At REDUCTION IN NET PLANT HEAT RATE ALONE RESULTED IN - - - - - - cuFLCOST SAYINGS OF APPROXIMATELY $450,000 for the Non-Fuel O&M Cost month of July. source: U01 The following charts compare TMPA's statistics of the last few years to the industry average and our projections for the future. 5 Results of previous years were dependent on the s eras of lignite and PRB-pre ADSP/SH modifications. Note, that in FY96, TMPA 23- performance statistics become more competitive a 2 and continue to improve in FY97 and into the - future. The conclusion of plant tuning coupled with D - the performance evaluation and benchmarks, will 93 94 93 95 P 97 P 98 P 99 provide TMPA with an excellent beginning for TMPA "Ustry AYrrap. FY93. Plant Reliability Fuel Cost C. i]~ ,°_?CHAOS so Vr:r LOI 1 co 20 ?,I-----fll--- O 1 nJ - - 315 4 ~10 0 3 -mod 95 95 P 97 P 98 P 99 93 94 95 9 6 P97P98 P99 T'/~A. . In~urtry A:rN~r . TMPA . Industry Avrr~p• Q pear of pre" Iq for the jpURNEY • • I, II tt,,. ,GliuF~is-YST~its ! Total Production Cost sours.: U DI In response to the forecast of a deregulated market, the Agency is positioned to compete 25 when the effects of deregulation take place. The four biggest challenges in the future for the 20 Agency are: 3:15 • MWGING THE AGENCY'S DEBT a 10 • REDUCWGTHE COST OF COAL TRANSPORTATION n • STUnIrzING THE OEM COST 5 INCREAS04 d SUSTAMING PLANT RELIABILRY D 93 94 95 96 P 97 P 96 P 99 Tu v~ 1rd.60y Awr1" Managing the Agency's debt is a challenge that depends greatly on the outside world's financlal markets A continuous affo-t is being made at the Agency to search for new ways to reduce the debt service through available During FY97, the AGENCY BURNED MEE DIFFERENT financial strata lea TYPES OF POWDER R1YER Maw (10119) FvEU (Mack Thunder, Antelope, & Cabello) for the purpose of evaluating unit operating performance on each THE RISING COST OF FUEL DELIVERY n THE MAJOR CHALLENGE type of fuel. Unit performance vnli be compered Fat THE AGENCY. Fuel uansPortetlon costs contirxre to determine the optimum fuel under all to drive the cost of fuel. Currently, the Agency Is operating owditions• dependent on a single rail carrier due to its The Agency will continue with the fuel connecdon to our plant spur. Several options are evaluation during FY98, with completion targeted being developed to address this situation in an after the 1' quarter, to determine the best fuel to reduce coal trans citation costa match for Gibbons Creek. Four different fuels effort Well be burned including Cabello, North Antelope, Cordaro, & Black Thunder. The selected fuel will then be burned for the In the deregulation market erTvironrnent THE remainder of the fiscal year. cowwmo EYALUAnON of OPERATIONS A MAINTENANCE COST IsyrtutY waTANT. This cost Is dependent upon ~ MAL urtocrrtrollable factors, such as Inflation, as well 17n= as controllable factors, such as how well the The FY98 budget has allocated $6.425 mili'ion plant is operated and maintained and how for capital improvements. THE MAJORITY OF THESE effective fu Lure planned outages and capital tm ovenmerd r rams are coordinated. PROJECTS lhYOLYF RESTORATION OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT TO EXTEND OPERATIONAL LIFE. I Major projects include replacement of boiler waterwall sections, Insulation, and selected The ability of the plant to operate In a base cooling water supply lines, life extension of the load condition, along with a high degree of • railroad spur, restoration of certain plant rer'iabuTrty, will benefit ow MEMBER CrtIEs by • buildings and strictures, upgrade of pulverizers, reducing the need to generate this load with J refurbishing the Gibbons Creek Reservoir dam, more expensive pasdired generation thereby and mine permitting & reclamation. reducing system average coat. R 1%1, n ~ . END OF, FiLE I to ',,I 1~11 1 ~ c S i f w' J -I Cog -Kea, ot