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RESOLUTION NO.
A RESOLUTION REVISING ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY NO. 403.07 "DEBT SERVICE
MANAGEMENT" AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, on the 5°i day of March, 1996 the City Council passed Resolution No. 96-013
adopting Administrative Policy No. 403.07 "Debt Service Management"; and
WHEREAS, the Assistant City Manager of the Finance Department for the City of Denton
has presented a proposed revision of the Debt Service Management Policy for the Council's
consideration; and
WHEREAS, the City Manager recommends adoption of the revised policy and the City
Council desires to adopt such policy as the official policy regarding Debt Service Management;
NOW, THEREFORE,
THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY RESOLVES:
SECTION 1. The following policy entitled "Policy No. 403.07 "Debt Service
Management", attached hereto and made a part hereof, is hereby adopted as an official policy of the
City of Denton, Texas and shall replace the existing Debt Service Management Policy.
SECTION 2. The attached policy shall be filed in the official records with the City
Secretary.
SECTION 3. This resolution shall become effective immediately upon its passage and
approval.
T
PASSED AND APPROVED this the,20 day of 2006.
PERK McNEILL, MAYOR
ATTEST:
JENNIFER WALTERS, CITY SECRETARY
VVBY: 4~
CITY OF DENTON PAGE I OF 19
POLICY/ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE/ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTIVE
REFERENCE NUMBER:
SECTION: FINANCE 403.07
INITIAL EFECTIVE DATE:
SUBJECT: DEBT MANAGEMENT 03/05/96
LAST REVISION DATE:
TITLE:DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 09/27/00
POLICY STATEMENT
This policy shall provide general guidelines by which the City of Denton (the City) will
issue debt. It is the objective of this policy that (1) the City obtain financing only when
necessary, (2) the process for identifying the timing and amount of debt or other
financing, proceed as efficiently as possible, and (3) the most favorable interest rate and
other costs be obtained.
This debt management policy applies,to the financing activities of the City of Denton,
Texas. It also addresses the issues of process, use and limitations. Obligations will be
timed for issuance and delivery of proceeds as close as possible to the time that contracts
are expected to be awarded so that the proceeds are spent in the most efficient manner.
ADMINSTRATIVE PROCEDURES
1.DEBT MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
A.Members
The Debt Management Committee (the Committee) consists of the City Manager,
Assistant City Manager (Utilities), Assistant City Manager (Finance), Chief
Financial Officer, (Chief Budget Officer); and, financial advisor and bond counsel
as ex-officio members.
B.Scope
The Committee shall meet as necessary to review the debt program. Included in
its discussions will be such topics as: the Capital Improvement Program, status of
financed projects, timing of additional financing needs, the effect of proposed
financing activity on the related rates supporting the debt (i.e. property tax rate,
utility rates, user fees, etc.).
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REFERENCE NUMBER:
TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
II. RESPONSIBILITY AND STANDARD OF CARE
The Fiscal and Municipal Services Department will coordinate all activities required for
the issuance of all debt.
A.Delegation
The primary individual who shall be involved in the development of financing
recommendations will be the Chief Financial Officer. The Assistant City
Manager (Finance) shall be responsible for all debt financing activities and shall
establish a system of controls to regulate the activities of the Chief Financial
Officer.
B.Conflicts of Interest
All participants in the debt management process shall seek to act responsibly as
custodians of public assets. Officers and employees involved in the debt
management process shall refrain from personal business activity that could
conflict with proper execution of the financing program, or which could impair
their ability to make impartial financing decisions.
C.Reporting
The Chief Financial Officer shall prepare at least annually a report summarizing
all debt outstanding by type (tax supported and revenue backed), remaining
balance of bond proceeds, update of arbitrage liability, and update of pertinent
legislative changes.
D.Investor Relations
The City shall endeavor to maintain a positive relationship with the investment
community. The Chief Financial Officer and the City's financial advisor shall, as
necessary, prepare reports and other forms of communications regarding the
City's indebtedness, as well as its future financing plans. This includes
information presented to the press and other media. The information includes
annual program of services, comprehensive annual financial report, financial
plans, capital improvement plans, comprehensive development plans, etc.
All forms of media deemed appropriate and immediately available to the City will
be utilized to disseminate information to all investors. Examples include Texas
Municipal Report, The Bond Buyer, Nationally Recognized Municipal Security
Information Repository and State Information Depository. Bond counsel will
advise on the use of electronic media in connection with the City's debt program.
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
E.Financial Advisor
The City shall retain an independent financial advisor for advice on the
structuring of new debt, financial analysis of various options, the rating review
process, marketing debt issues, marketability of City obligations, sale and post-
sale services, the review of the official statement and other services as necessary.
The City will seek the advice of the financial advisor on an ongoing basis. The
financial advisor will perform other services as defined by the agreement
approved by the City Council.
F.Bond Counsel
The City shall retain bond counsel for legal and procedural advice on all debt
issues. Bond counsel shall advise the City Council in all matters pertaining to its
bond ordinance(s) and/or resolution(s). No action shall be taken with respect to
new obligations until a written instrument has been prepared by the bond
attorneys certifying the legality of the proposal. The bond attorneys shall prepare
all ordinances and other legal instruments required for the execution and sale of
any bonds issued which shall then be reviewed by the City Attorney and Chief
Financial Officer. The City will also seek the advice of bond counsel on all other
types of debt and on any other questions involving federal tax or arbitrage law.
Special counsel shall be retained to protect the City's interest in complex
negotiations and comment review.
III. OFFICIAL STATEMENT
The preparation of the Official Statement is the responsibility of the financial advisor in
concert with the Chief Financial Officer under the supervision of the Assistant City
Manager Finance). Information for the Official Statement is gathered from
departments/divisions throughout the City.
The City will take all appropriate steps to comply with the federal disclosure rules (i.e.,
Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 15C2-12). The City will provide annual and
event disclosure to information repositories throughout the term of securities for the
benefit of the primary and secondary municipal market.
IV. DISCLOSURE
A.With each bond offering, and at least annually, in the preparation of Financial
Reports or Official Statements of any bond prospectus, the City will follow a
policy of full and complete disclosure of financial and legal conditions of the
City, in conformance with guidelines issued by the Government Finance Officers
Association Disclosure Guideline, and as advised by disclosure counsel or
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 40107
financial advisor. Furthermore, all City finance and debt-related information
which may appear in publicly distributed documents in anticipation of the
issuance of bonds by the City Enterprise Funds, Redevelopment Agency or
Housing Authority should be reviewed by the Finance Department prior to
distribution to ensure that the information is presented on an accurate and
consistent basis.
B.Material Events
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 15c2-12 lists eleven events
that, if material, must be reported in a timely fashion to each Nationally
Recognized Municipal Security Information Repository (NRMSIR) or to the
Municipal Security Rulemaking Board (MSRB) and to the appropriate State
Information Depository (SID).
The events that must be reported, if material, are:
1. Principal and interest payment delinquencies;
2. Nonpayment related defaults;
3. Unscheduled draws on debt service reserves reflecting financial difficulties;
4. Unscheduled draws on credit enhancements reflecting financial difficulties;
5. Substitution of credit or liquidity providers, or their failure to perform;
6. Adverse tax opinions or events affecting the tax-exempt status of the security;
7. Modifications to rights of security holders;
8. Bond calls;
9. Defeasances;
10. Release, substitution, or sale of property securing repayment of the securities;
11. Rating changes.
Unofficially considered, the twelfth material event to be reported is the failure of any
obligated person to provide the required annual financial information on or before the
date specified in the related undertaking. According to the SEC, this requirement would
be satisfied if a disclosure contract states that the annual information would be provided
within a specified number of days after the fiscal year end.
Full disclosure of the operations will be made to the bond rating agencies. The City staff,
with the assistance of the financial advisors and bond counsel, will prepare the necessary
materials for and presentation to the rating agencies.
V.RATING AGENCY COMMUNICATIONS & CREDIT OBJECTIVES
The City will seek to maintain and improve its current bond rating so its borrowing costs
are reduced to a minimum and its access to credit is preserved.
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
In conjunction with the financial advisor, the City shall maintain a line of communication
with the rating agencies (Moody's, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch), informing them of
major financial events in the City as they occur. The Comprehensive Annual Financial
Report, Annual Program of Services, and Capital Improvement Plan, shall be distributed
to the rating agencies after they have been accepted/adopted by the City Council on an
annual basis.
When necessary, a personal meeting with representatives of the rating agencies will be
scheduled when a major capital improvement program is initiated, or to discuss
economical and/or financial developments which might impact credit ratings. The
following documents may be required for the rating agencies:
Most recent annual audit reports, including a description of accounting
practices. Accounting changes in the past three years and the impact on
financial results should be explained.
Current budget.
Current capital improvement program/plan.
Official statements for new financings.
Description of projects being financed.
Sources and uses statement for project being financed. If additional funds are
required to complete project, the source of the funds and any conditional
requirements will be discussed.
Engineering and feasibility report (if applicable).
Zoning or land-use map (if applicable).
Cash flow statement, in the case of interim borrowing. Statement of long -
and short-term debt with annual and monthly maturity dates as appropriate.
Also, a report of any lease obligations, their nature and term.
Indication of appropriate authority for debt issuance
Investment policy (if applicable).
Statement concerning remaining borrowing capacity plus tax rate and levy
capacity or other revenue capacity.
VI. LIMITATIONS OF INDEBTEDNESS
City staff, in conjunction with the financial advisor and bond counsel, will produce a
comprehensive analysis of debt capacity prior to issuing bonds. This document should
cover a broad range of factors, including:
Legal debt limits, tax or expenditure ceilings.
Coverage requirements or additional bonds tests in accordance with bond
covenants.
Measures of the tax and revenue base, such as projections of relevant economic
variables (e.g., assessed property values, employment base, unemployment
rates, income levels, and retail sales).
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
Population trends.
Utilization trends for services underlying revenues.
Factors affecting tax collections, including types of property, goods, or services
taxed, assessment practices and collection rates, evaluation of trends relating to
the City's financial performance, such as revenues and expenditures, net
revenues available after meeting operating requirements.
Reliability of revenues expected to pay debt service.
Unreserved fund balance levels.
Debt service obligations, such as existing debt service requirements.
Debt service as a percentage of expenditures or tax or system revenues.
Measures of debt burden on the community, such as debt per capita, debt as a
percentage of personal income, debt as a percentage of full or equalized
assessed property value, and overlapping or underlying debt.
Tax-exempt market factors' affecting interest costs, such as interest rates,
market receptivity, and credit rating.
The City has both revenue bonds and other indebtedness of the Electric, Water,
Wastewater, and Solid Waste Funds. The City will endeavor to maintain two coverage
ratios as provided in the City's outstanding bond covenants (e.g. 1.25 and/or 1.50 times,
or as required by individual bond covenants).
i
The Electric, Water, Wastewater, and Solid Waste Funds' total long-term debt
outstanding shall not exceed the amount of combined fund equity.
VII. TYPES OF DEBT
The City's bond counsel and financial advisor will present the different types of debt best
suited and legally permissible under state law for each debt issue. These types may
include:
short-term vs. long-term debt,
general obligation vs. revenue debt,
fixed vs. variable rate debt,
lease-backed debt,
special obligation debt such as assessment district debt,
conduit issues, and
taxable debt;
A The City will seek all possible federal and state reimbursement for mandated
projects and/or programs. The City will pursue a balanced relationship between
issuing debt and pay-as-you-go financing.
B.The City will match the term of long-term debt issued up to the life of the projects
financed. Current operations will not be financed with long-term debt.
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
Debt incurred to finance capital improvements will be repaid within the useful life
of the project.
C.High priority will be assigned to the replacement of capital improvements when
they have deteriorated to the point there they are hazardous, incur high
maintenance costs, negatively affect property values, or no longer serve their
intended purposes.
D.An updated Capital Improvement Plan will be presented to the City Council for
approval on an annual basis. This plan will be used as a basis for the long-range
financial planning process.
VIII. BOND STRUCTURE
Structural features that may be considered are:
maturity of the debt,
setting the maturities of the debt equal to or less than the useful life of the
project,
use of zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds, deep discount bonds, or
premium bonds,
debt service structure (level debt service payments, level principal
payments or other repayment' structure defined by state law),
redemption provisions (mandatory and optional call features),
use of credit enhancement,
use of senior lien and junior lien obligations, and
use of derivative products;
IX. SHORT-TERM DEBT
A.General
Short-term obligations may be issued to finance projects or portions of projects
for which the City ultimately intends to issue long-term debt; i.e., it will be used,
when appropriate, to provide in financing which will eventually be refunded
with the proceeds of long-term obligations.
Short-term obligations may be backed with a tax and/or revenue pledge or a
pledge of other available resources.
Interim financing may be appropriate when long-term interest rates are expected
to decline in the future. In addition, some forms of short-term obligations can be
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POLICY/ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE/ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTIVE Continued
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
obtained quicker than long-term obligations and thus can be used until long-term
financing can be obtained.
B.Commercial Paper
Due to the issuance costs associated with the marketing and placement of
commercial paper in amounts of less than approximately $25 million, it is not
considered feasible for the City of Denton to issue this type of debt. Should the
opportunity to participate in a commercial paper issuance pool present itself, the
advantages and disadvantages shall be evaluated by the Chief Financial Officer.
C.Anticipation Notes
Anticipation notes empower municipalities to issue debt without giving notice of
intent. Anticipation notes may be secured and repaid by a singular pledge, but not
a plural pledge, of revenue, 'taxes, or the proceeds of a future debt issue.
Anticipation notes may be authorized by an ordinance adopted by the City
Council.
Anticipation notes may be used to finance projects or acquisitions that could also
be financed with Certificates of Obligation.
Anticipation notes have several restrictions, which include:
1) Anticipation notes issued for general purposes must mature before the seventh
anniversary of the date the attorney general approves the issue,
2) Anticipation notes may not be used to repay interfund borrowing or a
borrowing that occurred up to/or more than 24-months prior to the date of
issuance,
3) A governing body may not issue anticipation notes that are payable from bond
proceeds unless the proposition authorizing the issuance of the bonds has
already been approved by the voters.
X.LONG-TERM DEBT
A.General
Proceeds from the sale of long-term obligations will not be used for operating
purposes, and the life of the obligations will not exceed the estimated useful life
of the projects financed.
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POLICY/ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE/ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTIVE Continued
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FTITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
A level debt service structure will be used unless operational matters and
marketing considerations dictate otherwise.
The cost of issuance of private activity bonds is usually higher than for
governmental purpose bonds. Consequently, private activity bonds will be issued
only when they will economically benefit the City.
The cost of taxable debt is higher than for tax-exempt debt. However, the
issuance of taxable debt may be more appropriate in some circumstances and may
allow valuable flexibility in subsequent contracts with users or managers of the
improvement constructed with the bond proceeds. Therefore, the City will
usually issue tax-exempt obligations but may occasionally issue taxable
obligations.
B.Bonds
Long-term general obligation or revenue bonds shall be issued to finance
significant and desirable capital, improvements. The general obligation bonds will
be used for purposes set forth by voters in bond elections.
General obligation bonds will strive to have an average life of approximately
fifteen (15) years or less, and revenue bonds will strive to have an average life of
approximately twenty (20) years or less.
A resolution of intent to issue bonds authorizing staff to proceed with preparations
shall be presented for the consideration of the City Council when the capital
budget is presented or as soon thereafter as reasonably possible.
Unless a compelling reason is identified by the Debt Committee, all bonds issued
for the purpose of supplying new monies as needed for current, ongoing public
improvements shall be sold at a public, competitive sale based upon sealed bids
pursuant to terns and conditions specified in the City's Home Rule Charter which
requires "the publication of a proper notice of sale in a national publication which
regularly includes municipal bond sale notices, stating pertinent facts relating to
the proposed sale including, but not limited to, the time, the date, and the place
which shall be in the City of Denton) that all sealed bids will be publicly opened,
read, and tabulated before the City Council. The date advertised for opening of
the bids shall be not less than 30 days from the date of publication."
C.Certificates of Obligation
Certificates of obligation may be issued to finance permanent improvements and
land acquisition, the need for which arose between bond elections. In addition,
they may also be used to finance costs associated with capital project overruns or
to acquire equipment.
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TITLE: DEBT SERVICE MANAGEMENT 403.07
In accordance with state law, a resolution authorizing publication of notice of
intent to issue certificates of obligation shall be presented for the consideration of
the City Council. The notice of intent shall be published in a newspaper of
general circulation in the City,once a week for two consecutive weeks with the
first publication to be at least fifteen (15) days prior to the sale date.
Certificates of obligation may be backed by a tax pledge under certain
circumstances as defined by law. They may also be backed by a combination tax
and revenue pledge eligible under state law. Some revenues are restricted as to
the uses for which they may be pledged. Electric, Water, Wastewater, and Solid
Waste revenues may be pledged without limit for Electric, Water, Wastewater,
and Solid Waste purposes but may only be pledged up to $10,000 for non-utility
system purposes.
D.Public Property Finance Contractual Obligation
Public property finance contractual obligations may be issued to finance the
acquisition of personal property.
E.Revenue Bonds
In addition to the policies set forth above, when cost-beneficial and when
permitted under applicable ordinances, the City may consider the use of surety
bonds, lines of credit, or similar instruments to satisfy mandated debt service fund
requirements on outstanding and/or proposed revenue bonds.
XI. REFUNDING AND RESTRUCTURING OPTIONS
The City shall consider refunding debt whenever an analysis indicates the potential for
present value savings of approximately 3.5% of the debt service being refunded or if
beneficial to the City in another way.
XIL METHOD OF SALE
A.Competitive Sale
When feasible and economical, obligations shall be issued by competitive rather
than negotiated sale. Favorable conditions for a competitive method of sale
include the following:
The market is familiar with the issuer, and the issuer is a stable and regular
borrower in the public market.
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An active secondary market with a broad investor base for the issuer's bonds.
The issue is neither too large to be easily absorbed by the market nor too small
to attract investors without a'concerted sales effort.
The issue is not viewed by the market as carrying overly complex features or
requiring explanation as to the bonds' soundness.
Interest rates are stable, market demand is strong, and the market is able to
absorb a reasonable amount of buying or selling at reasonable price changes.
B.Negotiated Sale
Bonds issued for the purpose of refunding and/or restructuring outstanding debt
may appropriately be sold on a negotiated basis when maximum flexibility is
required in order for the City to respond to day-to-day nuances in the marketplace
and other complications peculiar to the issuance of refunding debt. Whenever the
option exists to sell an issue on a negotiated basis, an analysis of the options shall
be performed to aid in the decision-making process.
The City will present the reasons and will actively participate in the selection of
the underwriter or direct purchaser.
In a negotiated sale, the underwriter may be selected through a request for
proposals (RFP) or because of a relationship established by previous debt
transactions. The criteria used to select an underwriter in a negotiated sale should
include the following:
Overall experience
Marketing philosophy
Capability
Previous experience as managing or co-managing partner
Financial statement
Public finance team and resources
Breakdown of underwriter's discount
C.Private Placement
When cost-beneficial, the City may privately place its debt. Since no underwriter
participates in a private placement, it may result in lower cost of issuance. Private
placement is sometimes an option for small issues. The opportunity may be
identified by the financial advisor.
D.Bidding Parameters
The notice of sale will be carefully constructed so as to ensure the best possible
bid for the City, in light of existing market conditions and other prevailing factors.
Parameters to be examined include:
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i
Limits between lowest and highest coupons
Coupon requirements relative to the yield curve
Method of underwriter compensation, discount, or premium coupons
Use of true interest cost (TIC) versus net interest cost (NIC)
Use of bond insurance
Deep discount bonds
Variable rate bonds
Call provisions
XIII. INVESTMENT OF BOND PROCEEDS
A.Strategy
The City should actively monitor its investment practices to ensure maximum
returns on its invested bond funds while complying with Federal arbitrage
guidelines. Specific investment strategies for the investment of bond proceeds are
provided in the City's investment policy #408.04.
B.Arbitrage Compliance
The City will follow a policy of full compliance with all arbitrage rebate
requirements of the federal tax code and Internal Revenue Service regulations,
and will perform (internally or by contract consultants) arbitrage rebate
calculations for each issue subject to rebate on an annual basis. All necessary
rebates will be filed and paid when due.
C.Arbitrage Liability Management
The Chief Financial Officer will maintain a system for tracking arbitrage rebate
liability and ensuring that required calculations are performed on a timely basis.
These calculations will be performed annually. Funds should be set aside in
anticipation of potential rebate liabilities. Due to the complexity of the arbitrage
calculations and regulations, and to the severity of the penalties for
noncompliance, the advice of Bond Counsel and qualified experts will be pursued
on an ongoing basis.
D.All bond proceeds will be separately accounted for in the financial accounting
system to facilitate arbitrage tracking and reporting. Arbitrage rebate liability
reports shall be generated semi-annually and submitted to the Investment
Committee and to the Debt Management Committee for review.
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GLOSSARY
Amortization - The planned reduction of a debt obligation according to a stated maturity or
redemption schedule
Arbitrage - The gain which may be obtained by borrowing funds at a lower (often tax-exempt)
rate and investing the proceeds at higher (often taxable) rates. The ability to earn
arbitrage by issuing tax-exempt securities has been severely curtailed by the Tax Reform
Act of 1986, as amended
Average Life - The average length of time debt is expected to be outstanding
Basis Point - One one-hundredth of one percent (0.0001)
BBI - Bond Buyer Index. Comparison of current rates for various maturities
Bid Form - The document used by an underwriter to submit his bid at a competitive sale
Bond - A security that represents an obligation to pay a specified amount of money on a specific
date in the future, typically with periodic interest payments
Bond Counsel - An attorney (or firm of attorneys) retained by the issuer to give a legal opinion
concerning the validity of the securities. The bond counsel's opinion usually addresses
the subject of tax exemption. Bond counsel may prepare, or review and advise the issuer
regarding authorizing resolutions or ordinances, trust indentures, official statements,
validation proceedings and litigation
Bond Insurance - Bond insurance is a type of credit enhancement whereby a monoline
insurance company indemnifies an investor against a default by the issuer to pay
principal and interest in-full and on-time. Once assigned, the municipal bond insurance
policy generally is irrevocable. The insurance company receives an up-front fee, or
premium, when the policy is issued
Book-Entry-Only - Bonds that are issued in fully-registered form but without certificates of
ownership. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser is recorded on computer
Bond Years - $1,000 of debt outstanding for one year used to compute average life and net
interest cost
Call Option - The right to redeem a bond prior to its stated maturity, either on a given date or
continuously. The call option is also referred to as the optional redemption provision
Capital Appreciation Bond - A bond without current interest coupons that is sold at a substantial
discount from par. Investors are provided with a return based upon the accretion of value
in the bond through maturity
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Capital Lease - The acquisition of a capital asset over time rather than merely paying a rental
fee for temporary use. A lease-purchase agreement, in which provision is made for
transfer of ownership of the property for a nominal price at the scheduled termination of
the lease, is referred to as a capital lease
Closing - When bonds are exchanged for money (a/k/a delivery or settlement)
Commercial Paper (Tax-Exempt) - By convention, short-term, unsecured promissory notes
issued in either registered or bearer form with a stated maturity of 270 days or less
Competitive Sale - A sale of securities in which the securities are awarded to the bidder who
offers to purchase the issue at the best price or lowest cost
Coupon Rate - The interest rate on specific maturities of a bond issue. While the term "coupon"
derives from the days when virtually all municipal bonds were in bearer form with
coupons attached, the term is still frequently used to refer to the interest rate on different
maturities of bonds in registered form
Cover Bid - The runner-up in a competitive bond sale
Credit Enhancements - Credit enhancements are mechanisms which guarantee principal and
interest payments. They include bond insurance and a line or letter of credit. A credit
enhancement, while costly, will usually bring a lower interest rate on debt and a higher
rating from the rating agencies, thus lowering overall costs. Cost effectiveness of credit
enhancement will be evaluated for each debt issue
CUSIP Number - The term CUSIP is an acronym for the Committee on Uniform Securities
Identification Procedures. An identification number is assigned to each maturity of an
issue, and is usually printed on the face of each individual certificate of the issue. The
CUSIP numbers are intended to help facilitate the identification and clearance of
municipal securities. As the municipal market has evolved, and the new derivative
products are devised, the importance of the CUSIP system for identification purposes has
increased
Dated Date - A defined date at which interest begins to accrue from
Debt Burden - The ratio of outstanding tax-supported debt to the market value of property
within a jurisdiction. The overall debt burden includes a jurisdiction's proportionate
share of overlapping debt as well as the municipality's direct net debt
Debt Limitation - The maximum amount of, debt that is legally permitted by a jurisdiction's
charter, constitution, or statutory requirements
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Debt Service - The amount necessary to pay principal and interest requirements on outstanding
bonds for a given year or series of years
Debt Service Reserve Fund - The fund into which moneys are placed which may be used to pay
debt service if pledged revenues are insufficient to satisfy the debt service requirements.
The debt service reserve fund may be entirely funded with bond proceeds, or it may only
be partly funded at the time of the issuance and allowed to reach its full funding
requirement over time, due to the accumulation of pledged revenues. If the debt service
reserve fund is used in whole or part to pay debt service, the issuer usually is required to
replenish the funds from the first available funds or revenues. A typical reserve
requirement might be the maximum aggregate annual debt service requirement for any
year remaining until the bonds reach maturity. The size of the reserve fund, and the
manner in which it is invested, may be subject to arbitrage regulations.
Default - The failure to pay principal or interest in full or on time. An actual default should be
distinguished from technical default. The latter refers to a failure by an issuer to abide by
certain covenants but does not necessarily result in a failure to pay principle or interest
when due.
Defeasance - Providing for payment of principal of premium, if any, and interest on debt
through the first call date or scheduled principal maturity in accordance with the terms
and requirements of the instrument pursuant to which the debt was issued. A legal
defeasance usually involves establishing an irrevocable escrow funded with only cash
and U.S. government obligations
Depository Trust Company (DTC) - A limited purpose trust company organized under the New
York Banking Law. DTC facilitates the settlement of transactions in municipal securities
Downgrade - A reduction in credit rating
Enterprise Activity - A revenue-generating project or business. The project often provides funds
necessary to pay debt service on securities issued to finance the facility. The debts of
such projects are self-liquidating when the projects earn sufficient monies to cover all
debt service and other requirements' imposed under the bond contract. Common
examples include water and sewer treatment facilities and utility facilities
Final Official Statement (FOS) - A document published by the issuer which generally discloses
material information on a new issue of, municipal securities including the purposes of the
issue, how the securities will be repaid, and the financial, economic and social
characteristics of the issuing government. Investors may use this information to evaluate
the credit quality of the securities
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Flow of Funds - The order in which pledged revenues must be disbursed, as set forth in the trust
indenture or bond resolution. In most instances, the pledged revenues are deposited into
a general collection account or revenue fund as they are received and subsequently
transferred into the other accounts established by the bond resolution or trust indenture.
The other accounts provide for payment of the costs of debt service, debt service reserve
deposits, operation and maintenance costs, renewal and replacement, and other
requirements
General Obligation Debt- Debt that is secured by a pledge of the ad valorem taxing power of the
issuer. Also known as a full faith and credit obligation
Good Faith Deposit - A sum of money given by the Underwriter to assure his bid
Institutional Buyer- Banks, financial institutions, insurance companies, and bond funds
Issuance Costs - The costs incurred by the bond issuer during the planning and sale of
securities. These costs include but are not limited to financial advisory and bond counsel
fees, printing and advertising costs, rating agencies fees, and other expenses incurred in
the marketing of an issue
Junior Lien Bonds - Bonds which have a subordinate claim against pledged revenues
Letter of Credit - Bank credit facility whereby a bank will honor the payment of an issuer's debt,
in the event that an issuer is unable to do so, thereby providing an additional source of
security for bondholders for a predetermined period of time. A letter of credit often is
referred to as an L/C or an LOC. Letter of Credit can be issued on a "stand-by" or "direct
pay" basis
Level Debt Service - When annual payments are substantially the same each year
Line of Credit - Bank credit facility wherein the bank agrees to lend up to a maximum amount
of funds at some date in the future in return for a commitment fee
Manager - The member (or members) of an underwriting syndicate charged with the primary
responsibility for conducting the affairs of the syndicate. The managers take the largest
underwriting commitment
Lead Manager or Senior Manager
The underwriter serving as head of the syndicate. The lead manager generally
handles negotiations in a negotiated underwriting of a new issue of municipal
securities or directs the process by which a bid is determined for a competitive
underwriting. The lead manager also is charged with allocating securities among
the members of the syndicate in accordance with the terms of the syndicate
agreement or agreement among underwriters
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Joint Manager or Co-Manager
Any member of the management group
Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB) - A self-regulating organization established
on September 5, 1975 upon the appointment of a 15-member Board by the Securities and
Exchange Agreement. The MSRB, comprised of representatives from investment
banking firms, dealer bank representatives, and public representatives, is entrusted with
the responsibility of writing rules of conduct for the municipal securities market. New
Board members are selected by the MSRB pursuant to the method set forth in Board rules
Negotiated Sale - A sale of securities in which the terms of sale are determined through
negotiation between the issuer and the purchaser, typically an underwriter, without
competitive bidding
Net Interest Cost - The average interest cost of a bond issue calculated on the basis of simple
interest.
Paying Agent - An agent of the issuer with responsibility for timely payment of principal and
interest to bond holders
Preliminary Official Statement (POS) - The POS is a preliminary version of the official
statement which is used by an issuer or underwriters to describe the proposed issue of
municipal securities prior to the determination of the interest rate(s) and offering
prices(s). The preliminary official statement, also called a "red herring", often is
examined upon by potential purchasers prior to making an investment decision
Present Value - The value of a future amount or stream of revenues or expenditures in current
dollars
Refunding - An advance refunding is a refunding that occurs more than 90 days before the call
date of the refunded bonds. A current refunding is a process of selling a new issue of
securities to obtain funds needed to retire existing securities. Debt refunding is done to
extend maturity and/or to reduce debt service cost
Retail Buyer - Individual investors
Revenue Bond - A bond which is payable from a specific source of revenue and to which the
full faith and credit of an issuer with taxing power is not pledged. Revenue bonds are
payable from identified sources of revenue, and do not permit the bondholders to compel
a jurisdiction to pay debt service from any other source. Pledged revenues often are
derived from the operation of an enterprise activity. Generally, no voter approval is
required prior to issuance of such obligations
Secondary Market - The market in which bonds are sold after their initial sale in the new issue
market
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Senior Lien Bonds - Bonds having a prior, orf rst claim on pledged revenues
Serial Bonds - A bond issue in which the principal is repaid in periodic installments over the
issue's life
Split ratings - Different rating levels from different rating agencies
Surety Bond - A bond guaranteeing performance of a contract or obligation
Term Bonds - Term bonds usually refer to a particularly large maturity of a bond issue that is
created by aggregating a series of maturities. A provision is often made for the
mandatory redemption of specified amounts of principal during several years prior to the
stated maturity, which effectively simulates serial bonds
True Interest Cost (TIC) - An expression of the average interest cost in present value terms.
The true interest cost is a more accurate measurement of the bond issue's effective
interest cost and should be used to ascertain the best bid in a competitive sale
Variable Rate Bond - A bond on which the interest rate is reset periodically, usually no less
often than semi-annually. The interest rate is reset either by means of an auction or
through an index
Upgrade - An increase in credit rating