2025-029 Fair Chance Hiring February 14, 2025 Report No. 2025-029
INFORMAL STAFF REPORT
TO MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL
SUBJECT:
Implementation of a Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance of the City of Denton.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
On February 4, 2025, Council Member McGee presented a two-minute pitch to consider an
ordinance setting hiring standards to limit employers' consideration of criminal history on initial
job applications.
BACKGROUND:
On June 6, 2023, Council Member McGee presented a 2-minute policy pitch to the Council
requesting a fair chance hiring ordinance be brought to the Council at the next meeting for
consideration and vote. The pitch received support from the Council and a proposed Fair Chance
Hiring ordinance was brought forward for consideration on June 27, 2023. At that meeting, the
Council postponed consideration of the ordinance until the first meeting in January 2024 and
requested staff seek community and business feedback on the ordinance prior to that time.A public
engagement period was held from October to December 2023.
On Jan. 9, 2024, a proposed Fair Chance Hiring ordinance was brought forward for consideration.
Council postponed consideration of the ordinance for 120 days to allow for the Denton Chamber
of Commerce to propose an alternative to an ordinance. The 120 days expired in May 2024, and
the Chamber presented a proposed pilot program to Council at the June 4, 2024 Work Session.
Council provided direction to the Chamber to proceed with the proposed program. The ordinance,
postponed from January, was considered by Council at the June 4 Council meeting, and did not
pass.
On December 3, 2024, staff provided an update on the Chamber's proposed plan, citing that the
Chamber reported their program timeline had been temporarily impacted by the transition of the
Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB). The Chamber expressed intention to launch the program
in early 2025.
DISCUSSION:
Fair Chance Hiring Overview
Fair chance hiring initiatives(also known as"ban the box"initiatives due to their goal of removing
criminal history question boxes in job applications) generally refer to a policy or practice of not
considering an applicant's criminal history in an employment application until later in the hiring
process. This information is then typically obtained once a conditional offer has been made.
Importantly,these initiatives and their related ordinances,do not limit the authority of an employer
to withdraw an employment offer for a lawful reason.
According to National Employment Law Project(HELP),37 states and 150 cities/counties enacted
fair chance laws for themselves as public employers. Of these, 15 states and 22 cities/counties
extend these to private employers. Most cities and counties listed with NELP as having enacted
February 14, 2025 Report No. 2025-029
fair chance hiring laws have only had those laws apply to their organization as an employer. An
even greater number may utilize this practice outside of a formal ordinance, like the City of
Denton.
In Texas, the following cities have enacted formal laws relating to fair chance hiring:
Applies Only to Organization Applies AcrossJurisdiction
Dallas County City of Austin
City of San Antonio City of Desoto
Travis County low_ -
Harris County
Existing Laws and Statutes
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, does not restrict employers from requesting criminal
history information at any stage in the hiring process but they should be cautious that doing so
does not have an adverse impact against a particular class of applicants. To avoid discrimination
that denies equal employment opportunity to anyone on a protected basis, whether by intent or by
unlawful disparate impact, employers conduct an individualized assessment of a candidate's
criminal record and the position sought.
Additionally, some federal and state laws require a criminal background check to be performed
for some positions. These include peace officers, Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS)
certifications,and certain positions in other sectors such as insurance,childcare, energy, etc. There
is no requirement as to when a criminal background check should be performed under these
statutes.
With respect to criminal history inquiries across all job types, no federal or State of Texas laws
prohibit inquiring about an applicant's criminal history prior to a conditional employment offer,
though the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) states that an employer that
rejects everyone with a conviction from all employment opportunities is likely engaging in
discrimination. Also, the EEOC states that an employment policy that rejects many more
applicants of one race, national origin, or sex is discriminatory if the policy is not closely related
to the job. The EEOC suggests employers consider waiting until later in the hiring process if they
are going to ask criminal history questions.
Proposed Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Structure
The ordinance presented incorporates fair chance hiring regulations into the current
Comprehensive Non-Discrimination Ordinance(NDO), codified as Chapter 14,Article VIII of the
code of ordinances. In this manner, employment protections already provided under the NDO
would be extended to include persons with criminal histories under a new section. Additionally,
new definitions specific to fair chance hiring would also be incorporated into the NDO. By
including fair chance hiring regulations in the NDO, the same administrative and enforcement
provisions would apply to fair chance hiring complaints in the same manner that they currently do
for NDO complaints. Importantly, this would not add any protected classes to the NDO.
February 14, 2025 Report No. 2025-029
Regulated Fair Chance Hiring Practices
The fair chance hiring provisions prohibit employers from the following practices if they result in
unlawful discrimination(whether such discrimination is intentional or through disparate impact):
1. Publishing information that states or implies that criminal history is an automatic
disqualifier for employment
2. Soliciting or otherwise inquiring about criminal history on a job application
3. Soliciting criminal history information or considering criminal history prior to a
conditional employment offer
4. Refusing to consider an applicant because criminal history was not provided prior to a
conditional employment offer
5. Taking adverse action against an individual due to criminal history unless the individual is
unsuitable for the job based on an individualized assessment
Staffing agencies may solicit criminal history information and perform an individualized
assessment when the staffing agency has identified a job to which the individual will be employed
or the individual is placed in a staffing pool.
Additionally, an employer who takes an adverse action based on criminal history must inform the
individual in writing that the adverse action was based on the criminal history. The regulation also
does not absolve the employer from any other federal or state requirements, as applicable, when
withdrawing an offer of employment.
Applicability and Exclusions
The fair chance hiring regulations will apply to all employers in which the NDO is currently
applied. This is generally all employers with 15 or more employees. Additionally, the same
exemptions within the NDO would also be applied to the fair chance hiring regulations:
• Religious organizations
• The United States Government or its departments and agencies
• The State of Texas or its departments, agencies, and political subdivisions
An additional exemption specific to fair chance hiring regulations includes positions for which an
individual may be disqualified based on criminal history under federal, state, or local law. This
includes peace officers and certain positions in fields such as insurance, childcare, the energy
sector, etc.
Administration and Enforcement
If fair chance hiring regulations are included in the NDO, all administrative and enforcement
provisions currently applied to NDO complaints would also apply to fair chance hiring complaints.
Just as the NDO directs that for complaints where the state or federal government has jurisdiction,
those complainants be referred to those entities, fair chance hiring complainants will be referred
to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or other applicable state or federal agency.
Should such federal or state agency determine it does not have jurisdiction to investigate the
complaint, the City may perform an investigation using the processes under the NDO. Since the
February 14, 2025 Report No. 2025-029
NDO's discrimination regulations are the same as the EEOC, if the EEOC determines it has no
jurisdiction, the City will almost certainly defer to the EEOC jurisdiction determination.
As with the NDO, staff has included a 120-day delay in the effective date of the ordinance to
communicate the provision of the ordinance to the community.
Public Feedback and Eni!al!ement
At the June 27,2023, City Council meeting,the Council postponed consideration of the ordinance
until the first meeting in January 2024 and requested staff seek community and business feedback
on the ordinance prior to that time. Staff began the engagement period in early October 2023 with
feedback and input being accepted through Dec. 5, 2023.
During this period, staff conducted three (3) in-person listening sessions, two (2) virtual listening
sessions, and hosted a Discuss Denton project page. On the Discuss Denton page
(www.discussdenton.com/fairchancehiring), members of the public were able to review
information and FAQs on the proposed Fair Chance Hiring ordinance, leave comments, ask
questions to be answered by staff,and voice their support or opposition for the proposed ordinance.
Additionally, a public hearing was held at the Dec. 5, 2023, City Council meeting where members
of the public gave live feedback directly to the City Council.
A complete report of the feedback and input received was provided to the Council on Dec. 22,
2023 (attached).
CONCLUSION:
Upon receipt of the Informal Staff Report,Council Member McGee may indicate if the information
provided satisfies their request. Should the request not be satisfied,the item will be considered by
the Agenda Committee for placement on a future Work Session agenda or routing through an
appropriate board, commission, or committee.
ATTACHMENTS:
1. Fair Chance Hiring Detailed Engagement Report (December 2023)
2. Proposed Ordinance (January 2024)
3. Comprehensive Non-Discrimination Ordinance
STAFF CONTACT:
Kristi Fogle
Chief of Staff
Kristi.Fogle@cityofdenton.com
(940) 349-8565
REQUESTOR: Council Member McGee
STAFF TIME TO COMPLETE REPORT: 2.5 hours
PARTICIPATING DEPARTMENTS: City Manager's Office, Legal
Project Report
20 April 2021 - 11 December 2023
Discuss Denton
Fair Chance Hiring
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Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
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Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
INFORMATION WIDGET SUMMARY
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Page 3 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
FORUM TOPIC
Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Feedback
Visitors Contributors ® CONTRIBUTIONS
This must be done because how can expect people to reintegrate society if they can't g
Liam Gaume-Wakefield et a job.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
3 2 0
16 October 23 This is not a municipal concern. This would be a state legislature concern. My person
Dave Collins al opinion is the city has no business trying to tell a business that they are prohibited fr
om protecting their personnel and property by screening applicants.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
7 1 1
18 October 23 You have no business forcing businesses to hire ex cons. You are adding costs to busi
Lincoln nesses.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
3 2 0
19 October 23 It seems to me that once someone has served their time,the punishment should be ov
kevans14 er. Ex-cons should be able to move on with their lives and improve themselves and so
ciety after paying for their crimes. I would be in favor of the'fair chance'initiative. I se
e other comments talking about'forcing'businesses to hire ex-cons,but that misrepres
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES ents what's going on. The idea is not to force any hire. It's just to Not force ex-cons to
2 1 0 have to identify as having been convicts. Businesses can hire who they want,on the m
Brits, but will do so without necessarily knowing a person's previous convict status. Do
I have that right?
23 October 23 Although I am in favor of the'Fair Chance'ordinance in principle, I think you raise an in
kevansl 4 teresting point about what level of government this should happen within. Maybe this s
hould even be a federal concern...but why necessarily should it be a city concern? Ag
ain, I'm in favor,but it's a good point you raise.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
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Page 4 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
FORUM TOPIC
Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Feedback
26 October 23 Do not think this is fair to smaller business.The cost and time put in for interviews,then
KW finding out after the fact that someone does not fit,possible missing out on some one w
ho was a better fit.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
�4 1 0
26 October 23 If you have a business'that has lots of children and hires young teenagers,seems you
KW would want to know if they had a sexual conviction.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
3 0 0
26 October 23 While I think that low level misdemeanors and small convictions could be seen as a hin
Lazarus drance to people looking to get hired, because people have a unfair vision of anyone w
ho has a conviction. But higher and more dangerous convictions should be disclosed t
o protect workers and others.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
4 0 0
02 November 23 1 want to thank city staff for doing their due diligence to develop this ordinance. I think t
S Hunt hat the ordinance effectively addresses a critical obstacle to citizens who are earnestly
working towards gainful employment while putting criminal history behind them. Peop1
e need to work and employers have many jobs that need to be filled. Not all laws or leg
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES al processes are just and not all punishments fit the crime.Our justice system is imperf
0 ! ect.The stigma of having a criminal background is heavy no matter how minor the crim
1 e.When people are unable to obtain an honest living due to discrimination,they have n
o choice but to pursue dishonest means of providing for themselves and their depende
nts. This ordinance doesn't compel any employer to hire ex-cons. I only wish there wer
e a way to help more citizens come to this discussion with a better understanding of th
e realities of the hiring process,and without the fear-based misconception that a munici
pality would somehow be motivated to coerce employers to hire former criminals again
st their wishes.Comments to the effect of the city being the wrong level of government
to address the issues strike me as NIMBY-ism. I think that should this ordinance be ad
opted and the local unemployment rate decrease, Denton will be well-regarded for its I
eadership and visionary approach.
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Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
FORUM TOPIC
Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Feedback
05 No\) We live in a wonderful society where you can get a first,second,third chance etc. if/wh
KAS en necessary.Those scenarios are entirely common,and as an employer in this count
y for decades,we have engaged in employing folks looking for opportunities,based on
a criteria we have for public safety and our consumers. For context,the State of Texas,
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES the City of Denton, Denton County and the entire business community in this State hav
2 O O e and are participating in"At-Will"employer/employee relationships.Quite literally,this
means that any entity and person seeking employment in/and doing business in the St
ate of Texas are in a default employment relationship.Which interprets to that employe
rs and employees can terminate or modify the employment at any time,for any reason,
without notice or jurisdiction,unless prevented by law or express agreement. This quit
e literally gives them the governing bodies authority to discriminate based on their hirin
g and employment criteria for any reason or without,at any time.The same applies to c
ommerce,you are free to conduct and engage in business with anyone in the product s
pace you are pursuing,both as the offerors and the potential receivers of such goods o
r services.That's why Texas is booming and Fortune 500 companies are continually m
oving in and investing in Texas.The question is,will the governing bodies comply with
the ordinance that is being proposed to the private business sector?And the answer is
no.-From the private business side,there are costs that will effect the COGS of any bu
siness when efficiencies are compromised, including the hiring process. It's part of the
general overhead,often overlooked,but the value is present regardless.And I have yet
to see a successful business or organization that does not require efficiencies, regardle
ss of their models. (In our personal business and corporate operations,we look for tale
nt,but we assess every aspect of the hiring process to best fill a position for employme
nt that represents the culture we are maintaining,developing and/or creating.That proc
ess includes people being up front honest and transparent about whatever offense the
y have committed.We as the employer maintain control to create the culture we want t
o best represent our core values and services.And that has historically included emplo
ying people with previous convictions, H1 B visas,wherever the talent pool takes us. B
ut ultimately, it's our process and our decision.And omitting information would be view
ed as deceitful and not very helpful to the prospective applicant.) -Looking at it from th
e employee side,why would you want to apply and possibly work for an organization th
at has the potential to discriminate against you?Would it not be better for an individual
to understand prior to application to know and understand that they may not be qualifie
d for any various reason set forth for employment?Thus increasing their opportunity to
be efficient in finding gainful employment.As prospective hire, if hired as an employee
would you stand to gain by being in an uncomfortable work environment?If in the end t
he employer has a set of criteria,which will be made know in the process ultimately,an
d restricts your employment,would you not wish to know that as well?So as not to was
to your time and be in the best position based off of your personal criteria to be success
ful in achieving gainful employment?- In conclusion, I personally feel that people who
have paid their debt to society,have paid their debts when in compliance. I also find it e
xtremely valuable to an employer to have the ability to create a job position or career o
pportunity based on whatever criteria they set. It's not up to the local municipality to dec
ide how you run or operate your business,that's for you and the markets to decide.An
d if you develop a product that is beneficial to your community,you will be rewarded re
gardless of who the employee class is or were. I am curious to what the"prosecutorial
commission to be created"(at taxpayers expense)would use as a criteria for"investiga
ting"and potentially prosecuting local business owners for trying to create the best pro
duct they can for their communities safely and efficiently?Which prosecuting such"offe
nse", in itself is a conflict of interest with the State of Texas and business practices. Pro
secution in turn,which would pit the State(prosecuting municipal attorney),against the
State of Texas and their adopted business laws.The municipalities have to either enfor
ce exiting laws,engage in another losing legal battle,or seek relief through the Iegislati
ve process. I would also suspect that a lawsuit would arise from the State itself and th
e business community,against this proposed ordinance if enacted,in which the taxpay
ers of the City of Denton will be left defending,and losing,wasting$million$more,just
as we have in recent legal losses that we are still on the hook for and are paying. I'm of
ten reminded of that wastefulness engaged in when attempting to maneuver around or
running over a pot hole,as many taxpaying citizens are as well. And then ask yourself
, if the proposers of the ordinance were liable and the fiduciary protections were remov
ed against elected officials,would they govern and behave the same way?The answer
to that as well is no,the proposers will not risk personal wealth and treasures. Thanks
as always for the opportunity to chime in and for the platform to do from.
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Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
FORUM TOPIC
Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Feedback
If you are in a business employing high school and college age boys&girls,there
Bob must be some way of screening possible employees who might be either working along
side or managing these other employees.You should not be restricted from finding out
about questionable background right up front.Saves everyone time and disappointmen
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES t
3 0 0
06 November 23 I'm always guarded against accepting rules from authorities who will not accept the sa
Bob me rules themselves.What's good for the goose should also be good for the gander. M
y understand is that our city departments will not be held to the same requirement(s)s
et by the Fair Chance Employment rules&restrictions being discussed.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
4 0 0
06 November 23 The members of a seven member City Council in a city like Denton,with two universiti
Bob es and a community college and literally hundreds of businesses should not have the a
uthority to establish restrictions on what questions owners/managers can ask"up front
"of a prospective employee.Such questions&answers could help determine saf
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES ety factors,actions,environment or other key elements affecting their business,other
3 2 0 employees,their operation and their business's performance.Too often,those governi
ng members have little,or no,experience actually hiring employees themselves or dev
eloping/running a business.
07 November 23 Quit virtue signaling. How about you fix streets,support law enforcement,decrease va
Ttocsdor grancy,&lower our taxes rather than waste time on on your pet social causes. W
e have enough federal hiring guidelines to choke on.Stay in your lane. I own a financi
al services business. Do you want a money launderer involved in handling your money
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES ?
1 2 0
07 November 23 Why don't you help people without criminal records get jobs?Why would you advertise
Denton for criminals to come work in our city?Then they move here then we have more crime.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
0 1 0
13 November 23 I am wondering why the city of Denton really wants to pass this ordinance. Is it becaus
Angela a Austin passed it,so now we need to pass it?Why does our Denton leadership want
to be the next Austin?We can see how left leaning policies have destroyed that city.Al
so,why does Denton leadership want to control how small businesses operate?They
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES should be grateful that businesses provide tax dollars to fund their pursuits.
2 1 0
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Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
FORUM TOPIC
Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Feedback
zO Any profession that requires a fiduciary relationship with others must be excepted. Als
Mark o, many crimes involve violence or moral turpitude which could affect the duty of an em
ployer to provide a safe workplace....unfairly placing other employees at risk and/or for
cing an employer to be held accountable for not protecting other employees(in the eve
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES nt a workplace incident happens with an employee with such a history).Other criminal
1 history(e.g. minor,with no violence or honesty issues) may not involve such risk to thir
4 1
d parties.Finally,while we are at effectively full employment with many jobs going unfill
ed that may be by preference or choice of the unemployed,a compelling need for such
an accommodation may not exist, meaning the risk may not be worth imposing such a r
egulation.
20 November 23 My office would have some concerns about this legislation. Everyone in our office has
Franny full access to hundreds of client's personal information,such as full names,social secu
rity numbers,addresses,and birthdates. We have to be very careful when hiring,and
would not be able to hire someone with a criminal history.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
3 0 0
21 November 23 1 have concerns about the ordinance as written. My company does not generally take c
Kels riminal history into account when hiring, however we do inquire about criminal history i
n our application.We do not make interviewing or hiring decisions based on this inform
ation, but we do consider whether an applicant can be honest in answering and approp
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES riate in reflecting on the history. It is also the best opportunity to frankly discuss the crim
3 i O inal history productively with the applicant if there are concerns. I see the City saying th
I at federal or state law requiring background checks supersedes this ordinance,but my
staff fall outside those very specific jobs even though many have access to very sensiti
ve personal and financial information,come into contact with children regularly as part
of their duties,etc. If nothing else,prior knowledge of criminal history might affect the a
ccess and supervision given to a new staff member. Due to the nature of our business,
there is not usually much, if any,of a waiting period between an offer of employment an
d starting in a position,so the idea of making a conditional offer and only then explorin
g criminal history is fairly unworkable for us. I understand that the City is trying to acco
mplish something positive here,but I think the actual result is going to be increasing th
e burden and management of hiring processes(which my company tries to keep simpl
e and up-front)with no material gain to the stakeholders they are trying to assist.Havin
g said all of that, upon closer reading,the City seems to be trying to sidestep certain co
mplications by inserting the underlined section suggesting that the prohibited conduct i
s only prohibited if it results in unlawful discrimination.And if that's the case,then I am
not really sure what the point of the ordinance is,as unlawful discrimination is already u
nlawful and this ordinance would simply add confusion to a hiring process that can alre
ady be burdensome for employers.
24 November 23 Businesses should be allowed to make hiring decisions for themselves and not have re
Shawash2 gulations put on them that restricts them.Who they choose to hire is their decision,and
no one else's.
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
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Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
FORUM TOPIC
Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance Feedback
25 November 23 1 was going to reply to this discussion but this gentleman's statement sums up what I w
Eh as going to express.The ordinance is nonsense!
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES
0 0 0
26 November 23 He governs best who governs least. First requirement of creating laws is to do no harm
Mark .This proposal has a good motive, but the unintended consequences are legion and off
set any substantive value. Second requirement for lawmaking is that a law should ONL
Y be created to address a compelling need that cannot be resolved otherwise. That ne
AGREES DISAGREES REPLIES ed at a time of effective full employment has not been demonstrated.
1 1 0
Page 9 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
QANDA
Submit a Question
Visitors Contributors Q CONTRIBUTIONS
IQ Seanjake
October 23
Have you considered the unintended consequence, which has been documented following similar"ban the box"initiat
ives,that employers may simply avoid hiring anyone who seems like they may have had a criminal background,thus
actually narrowing hiring opportunities instead of increasing them?
A Publicly Answered
Thank you for your feedback. One of the reasons the City is providing multiple opportunities for community and busin
ess input is to ensure we are considering any potential unforeseen and unintended consequences.
Q Seanjake
Will organizations and businesses that work with vulnerable communities (child care, pregnancy care, human traffickin
g recovery, etc.) still be able to require criminal background checks, even in the absence of federal regulations requiri
ng them?
A Publicly Answered
A Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance does not prohibit an employer from inquiring about an applicant's criminal history if th
ere are federal or state laws that require a criminal history check, or if a conviction of a criminal offense would
disqualify a person from holding a particular position (e.g., child day care facilities, public safety positions, certain fina
ncial or insurance positions) Further, a criminal history check may still be performed, provided it does not result in
illegal discrimination, including by a disparate impact of such checks.
Page 10 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
QANDA
Submit a Question
Q Glenda
So what is to prevent a convicted pedophile from applying for a job at a child care center? Do you think that is ok--
really?Gee,what could go wrong??This proposal is insane. This is government overreach, and we believe the City C
ouncil should BACK OFF and leave businesses alone. Glenda and Robert Kallman
A Publicly Answered
There are laws that disqualify a person from holding a particular position due to a conviction for a certain offense (e.g.
, persons employed by child day care facilities, public safety positions, certain financial or insurance positions)so, em
ployers for those positions would not violate the ordinance merely by performing a criminal history check unless they
did so in a manner that was also in violation of federal or state law.
Q GraceWeatherly
'��Irniomhor 9'2
There is an exemption for jobs requiring a background check but who decides whether that exemption actually
applies?Also how does this affect the affirmative defense created under state law for employers of service&delivery
people whose job it is to go inside customer's homes?
A Publicly Answered
The prospective employer in making its hiring decision will be responsible for determining whether an exemption appli
es. If a complaint is filed, and if the complaint is referred to the state or federal agency responsible for investigating e
mployment discrimination complaints,that agency will determine whether an exemption applies. If the state/federal ag
ency determines it does not have jurisdiction over the complaint, the complaint will be investigated by a third-party inv
estigator hired by the City,who will be responsible for determining whether an exemption applies. If the investigator d
etermines an exemption applies,the complaint will be closed. Regardless of who investigates the complaint, a prospe
ctive employer would be allowed to assert any affirmative defense allowed by law and a final determination on the me
rits of the complaint would be made by the investigating authority.
Pagel 1 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
QANDA
Submit a Question
IQ Denton
07 November 23
How can the city get involved in a private companies hiring practices? Especially having them waste their time intervie
wing someone they will not hire because of there criminal back ground.
A Publicly Answered
Local, state, and federal governments have the right to regulate,within certain parameters,the hiring practices of priv
ate companies to protect individuals from illegal acts of an employer. For example,the United States Congress has p
assed legislation that prohibits certain actions of an employer, such as child labor prohibitions and protections, and dis
crimination in employment based upon being a member of a protected class, including but not limited to race,
religion, national origin, age, and disability.
Page 12 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
ENGAGEMENT TOOL: QUICK POLL
Do you support the proposed Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance?
Visitors ®i Contributors CONTRIBUTIONS
Do you support the proposed Fair Chance Hiring Ordinance?
1 (3.4%)
3(10.3%)
10(34.5%)
15(51.7%)
Question options
Yes No Unsure Unsure,and need more information
Mandatory Question(29 response(s))
Question type:Radio Button Question
Page 13 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
ENGAGEMENT TOOL: QUICK POLL
Do you live or work in Denton?
Visitors 0 Contributors Q CONTRIBUTIONS 0
Do you live or work in Denton?
1 (25.0%)
3(75.0%)
Question options
Live and work in Denton Live,but do not work in Denton
Mandatory Question(4 response(s))
Question type:Radio Button Question
Page 14 of 15
Discuss Denton : Summary Report for20 April 2021 to 11 December 2023
ENGAGEMENT TOOL: QUICK POLL
What best describes you?
Visitors 0 Contributors Q CONTRIBUTIONS 0
What best describes you?
2(50.0%) — 2(50.0%)
Question options
Business owner/manager Not a business owner/manager
Mandatory Question(4 response(s))
Question type:Radio Button Question
Page 15 of 15
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF DENTON AMENDING CHAPTER 14, ARTICLE VIII
OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES (NON-DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC
ACCOMMODATIONS, EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES, AND HOUSING), TO ADD A FAIR
CHANCE HIRING PROVISION TO SECTION 14-203-5 SETTING HIRING STANDARDS TO
LIMIT EMPLOYERS' CONSIDERATION OF THE CRIMINAL HISTORY ON AN INITIAL
JOB APPLICATION; PROVIDING SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING A SAVINGS CLAUSE;
PROVIDING FOR PUBLICATION AND CODIFICATION; PROVIDING FOR A PENALTY;
AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, the City of Denton recognizes that people with criminal histories suffer from
pervasive discrimination in many areas of life, including employment, housing, education, and
eligibility for many forms of social service benefits; and
WHEREAS, an employer's neutral policy (e.g., excluding applicants from employment
based on certain criminal conduct) can disproportionately impact some individuals based on their
race or national origin as described in the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Enforcement Guidance on the Consideration of Arrest and Conviction Records in Employment
Decisions under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act,EEOC Enforcement Guidance No. 915.002; and
WHEREAS, the City of Denton recognizes that legal protections extended to most
protected classes under federal and state law do not apply to persons with criminal histories; and
WHEREAS,the City of Denton seeks to assist with the successful reintegration of formerly
incarcerated people into the community after their release; and
WHEREAS, lack of employment is a principal factor for recidivism, with people who are
employed proving significantly less likely to be re-arrested; and
WHEREAS, removal of obstacles to employment for people with criminal histories
increases public health and safety by providing economic and social opportunities to large groups
of citizens; and
WHEREAS, people with criminal histories represent a group of job seekers who are ready
to contribute and add to the workforce; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that denying an employment opportunity to an
otherwise qualified person based on the person's criminal history that is not relevant to the job
under consideration is unjust; is detrimental to the health, safety, and welfare of the residents of
the City; prevents the reintegration of the person into the community; creates a burden on public
resources and law enforcement; contributes to crime and recidivism; and contributes to
unemployment and harms the local economy; and
WHEREAS, the Council further finds that it is within the police power and the
responsibility of the City to remedy the problems enumerated in herein; and
WHEREAS,the City Council declares it to be the public policy of the City that all persons
subject to its jurisdiction should enjoy equal human rights, including the ability to earn wages
through gainful employment, without being subject to discrimination based on their criminal
history;NOW, THEREFORE,
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY ORDAINS:
SECTION 1. The findings and recitations contained in the preamble of this Ordinance are
incorporated herein by reference to the body of this Ordinance as if fully set forth herein.
SECTION 2. The City Council finds that adopting this amendment to Chapter 14, Article VIII,
that Section 14-203-5 of the City Code of Ordinances removes an obstacle to employment for
people with criminal histories, increases public health and safety by providing economic and
social opportunities to large groups of citizens, ameliorates the disproportionate impact of certain
hiring practices on individuals based on their race or national origin, and enhance the quality of
life of the citizens of the City of Denton and serves a compelling governmental interest.
SECTION 3. Chapter 14, Article VIII of the City of Denton Code of Ordinances, entitled "Non-
Discrimination in Public Accommodations, Employment Practices, and Housing," is hereby
amended to add Section 14-203-5(c), entitled"Fair Chance Hiring," and provided as follows:
"Sec. 14-203-5: Employment Practices
(c) Fair Chance Hiring
(1) Policy Declarations.
(a) The City of Denton celebrates its diverse population, and to that end, it is
hereby declared to be the public policy of the City of Denton that all persons subject
to its jurisdiction should enjoy equal human rights, including the ability to earn
wages through gainful employment.
(b) The City of Denton recognizes that legal protections extended to most
protected classes under federal and state law have not been extended to protect
individuals with criminal histories, but that excluding applicants for employment
based on criminal history may result in discrimination, whether by intent or by
unlawful disparate impact, that denies equal employment opportunities due to an
applicant's race, color, national origin, age, religion, disability, sex, sexual
orientation, or gender identity.
(c) The City of Denton recognizes that an employer that rejects everyone with
a criminal conviction from all employment opportunities is likely engaging in
2
discrimination, and that an employment policy that rejects many more applicants
of one race, color, national origin, age, religion, disability, sex, sexual orientation,
or gender identity is discriminatory if the policy is not closely related to the job.
(d) The City of Denton has determined that employers waiting until later in the
hiring process to inquire about an applicant's criminal history will reduce
discrimination,whether by intent or by unlawful disparate impact,that denies equal
employment opportunities due to race, color, national origin, age, religion,
disability, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
(2) Definitions:
(a) In addition to the definitions in Section 14-203-2, the following definitions
also apply to Subsection 14-203-5(c).
(b) In Subsection 14-203-5(c),the following words,terms,and phrases,when used,
shall have the meanings ascribed to them,except where the context clearly indicates
a different meaning:
Adverse Action means an employer's refusal to hire, a refusal to promote, or the
revocation of an offer of employment.
Applicant means an individual who submits an initial job application or other
documentation for employment.
Conditional Employment Offer means an oral or written offer by an employer to
employ an individual in a job, or placement in an employment agency's staffing
pool, that is conditioned on the employer's evaluation of the individual's criminal
history.
Conviction means a record from any jurisdiction that includes information
indicating that a person has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, provided
that the conviction is one for which the person has been placed on probation, fined,
imprisoned, or paroled.
Criminal History means an arrest, conviction,plea of nolo contendere, or deferred
adjudication arising from a felony criminal accusation, or a Class A or Class B
misdemeanor criminal accusation, made under state law, federal law, or a
comparable law of another state of the United States.
Criminal History Report means any criminal history report, including, but not
limited to, those produced by the Texas Department of Public Safety, National
Crime Information Center (NCIC), Federal Bureau of Investigation, other law
enforcement or police agencies, or courts, or by any consumer reporting agency or
business or employment screening agency or business.
3
Employment means to work for an employer for pay. The term includes full time
work, part time work, temporary or seasonal work, contract work, casual or
contingent work, work through the services of a temporary or other employment
agency, and participation in a vocational, apprenticeship, or educational training
program.
Individualized Assessment means an evaluation of the criminal history of an
individual that includes, at a minimum, the following factors:
(1) the nature and gravity of any offenses in the individual's criminal
history;
(2) the length of time since the offense and completion of the sentence;
and
(3) the nature and duties of the job for which the individual has applied.
Initial Job Application means the first written or oral expression of interest in a
job by an individual made in compliance with the employer's established criteria
for receiving expressions of interest.
Job means an employment position with an employer for which the employer has
solicited or accepted applications and which the employer is currently attempting
to fill.
Staffing Pool means a list of individuals retained by an employment agency before
the assignment of a specific job to perform for another employer.
(3) Applicability
(a) Subsection 14-203-5(c) applies to an employer as defined in Section 14-
203-2.
(b) Subsection 14-203-5(c) does not apply to employment for which an
individual may be disqualified based on the individual's criminal history under a
federal,state,or local law,or compliance with legally mandated insurance or bond
requirement.
(c) Nothing in Subsection 14-203-5(c)limits an employer's authority to make
a hiring decision for any lawful reason, including the determination that an
individual is unsuitable for the job based on an individualized assessment of the
applicant's criminal history.
(4) Fair Chance Hiring Practices
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(a) An employer may not commit any of the following listed actions where such
action results in discrimination, whether by intent or by unlawful disparate
impact, that denies an applicant an equal employment opportunity due to race,
color, national origin, age, religion, disability, sex, sexual orientation, or gender
identity:
(1) An employer may not publish or cause to be published information
about a job that states or implies that an individual's criminal history
automatically disqualifies the individual from consideration for the
job.
(2) An employer may not solicit or otherwise inquire about the criminal
history of an individual in an initial job application for a job.
(3) An employer may not inquire in oral or written form about an
applicant's criminal history, solicit a criminal history report about an
applicant, or consider an applicant's criminal history before the
employer has first made a conditional employment offer to the
applicant. This does not preclude an employer from explaining to
applicant, in writing, the individualized assessment process that the
employer uses to consider criminal history.
(4) An employer may not refuse to consider employing an individual in
a job because the individual did not provide criminal history
information before the individual received a conditional employment
offer.
(5) An employer may not take adverse action against an individual
because of the individual's criminal history unless the employer has
determined that the individual is unsuitable for the job based on an
individualized assessment conducted by the employer.
(6) An employer who takes adverse action against an individual based
on the individual's criminal history must inform the individual in
writing that the adverse action was based on the individual's criminal
history.
(7) Notwithstanding any other part of Subsection 14-203-5(c), an
employment agency may solicit criminal history information about
an individual and make an individualized assessment of an
individual's criminal history before the staffing agency places the
individual in a staffing pool or has identified a job to which the
individual will be employed."
SECTION 4.This Ordinance shall be cumulative of all provisions of ordinances of the City
of Denton, except where the provisions of this Ordinance are in direct conflict with the provisions
5
of such ordinances, in which event the conflicting provisions of such ordinances are hereby
repealed.
SECTION 5. All other provisions of Chapter 14,Article VIII apply to Fair Chance Hiring
except where there is a direct conflict with a specific provision of Section 14-203-5(c), in which
case the specific provision of Section 14-203-5(c) shall control.
SECTION 6. It is hereby declared to be the intention of the City Council that the phrases,
clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and sections of this Ordinance are severable, and if any phrase,
clause, sentence, paragraph, or section of this Ordinance shall be declared unconstitutional by the
valid judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, such unconstitutionality shall not
affect any of the remaining phrases, clauses, sentences,paragraphs, and sections of this Ordinance,
since the same would have been enacted by the City Council without the incorporation in this
Ordinance of any such unconstitutional phrase, clause, sentence,paragraph, or section.
SECTION 7. The City Secretary is hereby directed to record and publish the above
regulations in the City's Code of Ordinances.
SECTION 8. Any person violating any provision of this Ordinance shall,upon conviction,
be found guilty of a Class "C" misdemeanor and fined a sum not to exceed five hundred dollars
($500.00) for each violation.
SECTION 9. This Ordinance shall become effective one hundred-twenty (120) calendar
days from the date of its passage, and the City Secretary is hereby directed to cause the caption of
this Ordinance to be published twice in the Denton Record-Chronicle, the official newspaper of
the City of Denton, Texas, within ten(10) days of the date of its passage.
The motion to approve this Ordinance was made by and seconded
by this Ordinance was passed and approved by the
following vote [ - ]
Aye Nay Abstain Absent
Mayor Gerard Hudspeth:
Vicki Byrd,District 1:
Brian Beck,District 2:
Paul Meltzer,District 3:
Joe Holland, District 4:
Brandon Chase McGee, At Large Place 5:
Jill Jester,At Large Place 6:
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PASSED AND APPROVED this the day of 32025.
GERARD HUDSPETH, MAYOR
ATTEST:
LAUREN THODEN, CITY SECRETARY
BY:
APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM:
MACK REINWAND,CITY ATTORNEY
BY:
7
ORDINANCE NO. 22-407
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF DENTON AMENDING CHAPTER 14 OF THE CODE
OF ORDINANCES (HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES) TO ADD ARTICLE VIII, TITLED
"NON-DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, EMPLOYMENT
PRACTICES, AND HOUSING;" REPEALING CHAPTER 15 OF THE CODE OF
ORDINANCES (HOUSING), PROVIDING SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING A SAVINGS
CLAUSE; PROVIDING FOR A PENALTY; PROVIDING FOR PUBLICATION AND
CODIFICATION; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS,the City of Denton celebrates its diverse population; and
WHEREAS, the City of Denton recognizes that legal protections extended to most
protected classes under federal and state law have not been completely extended to protect
individuals against discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity; and
WHEREAS, the City of Denton declares it to be the public policy of the City that all
persons subject to its jurisdiction should enjoy equal human rights, including the ability to earn
wages through gainful employment, to obtain and enjoy goods, services, facilities and
accommodations in all places of public accommodation, and to obtain housing, without being
subject to discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age,religion, disability, sex, sexual
orientation, or gender identity,which otherwise is detrimental to the peace, progress, and welfare
of the City; NOW, THEREFORE,
THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DENTON HEREBY ORDAINS:
SECTION 1. The findings and recitations contained in the preamble of this Ordinance are
incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 2. The City Council finds that adopting a Non-Discrimination Ordinance that
addresses public accommodations, employment practices, and housing, enhances the public
welfare and quality of life for residents,visitors, and businesses in the City of Denton.
SECTION 3. Chapter 14 of the City of Denton Code of Ordinances, entitled "Health &
Human Services," is hereby amended to add Article VIII, entitled "Non-Discrimination in Public
Accommodations,Employment Practices, and Housing," as provided as follows:
ARTICLE VIII: NON-DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS,
EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES,AND HOUSING
Sec. 14-203-1.Equal rights policy.
(a) Policy Declarations.
(1) The City of Denton celebrates its diverse population,and to that end,it is hereby declared
to be the public policy of the City of Denton that all persons subject to its jurisdiction
1
should enjoy equal human rights, including the ability to earn wages through gainful
employment, to obtain and enjoy goods, services, facilities and accommodations in all
places of public accommodation, and to obtain housing.
(2) It is policy of the City of Denton to ensure that no one is denied employment, public
accommodations, or housing based on race, color, national origin, age, religion,
disability, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
(3) The City of Denton recognizes that legal protections extended to most protected classes
under federal and state law have not been completely extended to protect individuals
against discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Sec. 14-203-2. Definitions
(a) In this ordinance, the following words, terms, and phrases, when used, shall have the
meanings ascribed to them, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:
(1) Administrator means the individual designated by the City Manager or their designee
to receive,investigate,and conciliate complaints under this ordinance and includes the
administrator's designated representatives.
(2) Age shall mean a person forty (40) or more years of age.
(3) Business day shall mean a day the City of Denton is open and conducts official business.
(4) Complainant shall mean a person who files a complaint pursuant to Section 14-203-11.
(5) Conciliation shall mean the attempted resolution of issues raised by a complaint or by
the investigation of a complaint,through informal negotiations or mediation.
(6) Conciliation agreement shall mean a written agreement setting forth the resolution of
issues pursuant to conciliation.
(7) Disability shall mean a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one (1)
or more major life activities of an individual, a record of such an impairment or being
regarded as having such an impairment; it is to be construed to be in accordance with
the Americans with Disabilities Act and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008.
(8) Discrimination shall mean any direct or indirect disparate, prejudicial, or unjust
treatment, distinction, segregation, limitation, refusal, denial or other differentiation of
a person or persons,based on a particular characteristic or by classifying or categorizing
a person based on perceived or actual participation in a certain group of people with a
particular characteristic.
(9) Dwelling shall mean:
a. A building, structure or part of a building or structure, that is occupied as, or
designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence for one (1) or more persons;
2
b. Vacant land that is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location of a
building, structure or part of a building or structure, described in subsection(a).
(10) Educational institution shall mean:
a. Any prekindergarten, kindergarten, primary, secondary, or postsecondary
educational institution, supported in whole or in part by state tax funds;
b. A "private school" as defined by V.T.C.A., Education Code § 5.001(6-a);
c. An "open-enrollment charter school" as defined by V.T.C.A., Education Code §
5.001(6);
d. An "institution of higher education" as defined by V.T.C.A., Education Code §
61.003(8); or
e. A "private or independent institution of higher education" as defined by V.T.C.A.,
Education Code § 61.003(15).
(11) Employee shall mean any individual employed by an employer. The term does not
include an elected official.
(12) Employer shall mean any person who has fifteen (15) or more employees for each
working day in each of twenty(20) or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding
calendar year and includes any agent of such person. The term does not include any
person specifically excluded from this section.
(13) Employment agency shall mean any person, and any agent of a person, who regularly
undertakes,with or without compensation,to procure:
a. Employees for an employer; or
b. Opportunities for a person to work for an employer.
(14) Familial status means one (1) or more individuals, who have not attained the
age of eighteen (18) years, being domiciled with:
a. A parent or another person having legal custody of such individual or
individuals; or
b. The designee of such parent or other person having such custody,with the written
permission of such parent or other person; or
c. A person who is pregnant or is in the process of securing legal custody of any
individual who has not attained the age of eighteen (18)years.
(15) Family includes a single individual.
(16) Gender identity shall mean a person's real or perceived gender identity as male, female,
both, or neither, and/or an innate, deeply felt sense of gender, which may or may not
correspond to the person's physical anatomy and also includes a person's gender
expression through external characteristics and behaviors including, but not limited to,
dress,grooming,mannerisms,speech patterns and social interactions,that are identified
with a particular gender or sexual orientation.
3
(17) Joint labor-management committee shall mean an entity that controls apprenticeship or
other training or retraining programs, including on-the-job training programs.
(18) Labor organization shall mean a labor organization and any of its agents, and includes:
a. Any organization, agency or employee representation committee, group,
association, or plan in which employees participate and that exists for the purpose,
in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor
disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours or other terms and conditions of employment;
and
b. Any conference, general committee, joint or system board or joint council so
engaged,that is subordinate to a national or international labor organization.
(19)Non-profit organization shall mean an organization exempt from taxation as provided in
Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 501(c).
(20) Person includes one (1) or more individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations,
labor organizations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies,
trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, receivers,
fiduciaries, and any other organization or entity of whatever character.
(21) Place of public accommodation means any of the following establishments if they are
open to the general public and, for compensation, offer any product, service, or facility
to the general public:
a. Any inn,hotel,motel, or other establishment that provides lodging to transient
guests, other than an establishment:
1. Located within a building that contains not more than five rooms for rent
or hire and that is actually occupied by the proprietor of the establishment
as a residence; or
2. In which the majority of the occupants are permanent residents and
maintain their fixed place of domicile in the establishment.
b. Any restaurant, cafeteria, lunchroom, lunch counter, soda fountain, or other
facility principally engaged in selling food for consumption on the premises,
including, but not limited to, any such facility located on the premises of a retail
establishment or gasoline station;
C. Any motion picture house, theater, concert hall, sports arena, stadium, or other
place of exhibition or entertainment;
d. Any bar, tavern, pub, drinking establishment, or facility where alcoholic
beverages are served;
e. Any retail or wholesale establishment selling any kind of goods or services;
or
f. Any public conveyance, including stations and terminals.
4
(22) Public conveyance shall mean any vehicle, or any other means of transport operated on
land,water or in the air, which in fact caters to, or offers its goods, facilities, or services
to,or solicits or accepts patronage from the general public. "Public conveyance" includes
any person who is the owner,lessee,operator,proprietor,manager,superintendent,agent
or employee or any public conveyance.
(23) Protected employment characteristic shall mean an individual's race, color, national
origin, age,religion, disability, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
(24) Protected housing characteristic shall mean an individual's race, color, national origin,
age, religion, disability, familial status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or a
veteran's source of income.
(25)Reasonable Accommodation means a change, exception, or adjustment to a rule,policy,
practice, or service that may be necessary for a person with disabilities to have an equal
opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling, including public and common use spaces, or to
meet program requirements.
(26) Reasonable Cause means that there is sufficient evidence to allege that a respondent has
violated this ordinance. Evidence is sufficient if a reasonable person would believe that
further inquiry into whether a violation occurred is warranted.
(27)Reasonable Modification under the Fair Housing Act means a structural change made to
existing premises, occupied or to be occupied by a person with a disability, in order to
afford such person full enjoyment of the premises.
(28) Religion shall mean all aspects of religious observance and practice, as well as belief.
(29) Religious organization shall mean:
a. A religious corporation, association, or society; or
b. A school, college, university, or other educational institution or institution of
learning, if:
1. The institution is, in whole or in substantial part, controlled, managed,
owned, or supported by a religion, religious corporation, association, or
society; or
2. The curriculum of the institution is directed toward the propagation of a
religion.
(30)Respondent shall mean a person,organization,or entity against whom a complainant has
filed a complaint pursuant to Section 14-203-11.
(31) Sex shall mean gender and the biological differences between men and women.
(32) Sexual orientation shall mean the actual or perceived status of a person with respect to
their sexuality.
(33)Source of income means lawful,verifiable income paid directly to a tenant(child support,
or spousal maintenance) or to a representative of a tenant, or paid to a housing owner or
landlord on behalf of a tenant, including federal, state, or local public assistance, and
5
federal, state, or local housing subsidies, including, but not limited to, federal housing
assistance vouchers issued under Section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937.
(34) To rent includes to lease, to sublease, to let and otherwise to grant for a consideration
the right to occupy premises not owned by the occupant.
(35) U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-Veterans Affairs (VA)
Supportive Housing Program (HUD-VASH) is a collaborative program between HUD
and VA combining HUD housing vouchers with VA supportive services to help
homeless Veterans and their families find and sustain permanent housing.
(36) Veteran means a person who served in the active military,naval,or air service and who
was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable.
Sec. 14-203-3: Exclusions
Except as required by state or federal law,this ordinance shall not apply to the following:
(a) Religious organizations;
(b) The United States government or any of its departments or agencies;
(c) The State of Texas, or any of its departments, agencies, or political subdivisions.
Sec. 14-203-4: Public Accommodations
(a) Unlawful practice. It shall be unlawful for any person with care, custody or control over
the premises of a place of public accommodation or for any owner, employee or agent,
of a place of public accommodation to discriminate against any person on the basis of
race, color, national origin, age, religion, disability, sex, sexual orientation, or gender
identity,to:
1. Directly or indirectly exclude,segregate, limit,refuse,or deny to any person any of
the accommodations, advantages, facilities, benefits, services or goods, offered to
the general public at a place of public accommodation; or
2. Circulate, issues, display, post, mail, or otherwise publish a statement,
advertisement, or sign indicating that:
a. A person will be denied accommodations, advantages, facilities, benefits,
privileges, services, or goods at that place; or
b. The patronage or presence of a person at that place is objectionable,
unwelcome, unacceptable, undesirable, or unsolicited.
(b) Defenses.
1. It is a defense to prosecution under this subsection on the basis of disability that the
discrimination resulted from a condition or structural feature that is in conformance
with the law.
6
2. It is a defense to prosecution if the refusal to admit a person to a place of public
accommodation or the expulsion of a person from a place of public accommodation
was required by law.
(c) Additional Exclusion.
1. This section does not apply to a bona fide social, fraternal, educational, political,
religious, or civic organization, including a private club, that is restricted to
members of the organization/club and guests and is not open to the general public,
when the profits of the accommodations,advantages,facilities,and services (above
reasonable and necessary expenses) are solely for the benefit of the
organization/club.
Sec. 14-203-5: Employment Practices
(a) Unlawful practice. It shall be unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any
person on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, religion, disability, sex, sexual
orientation, or gender identity by the following actions or inactions:
1. For an employer to fail or refuse to hire, or to discharge, any person;
2. For an employer to discriminate against any person with respect to compensation,
terms, conditions, or privileges, of employment;
3. For an employer to limit, segregate or classify employees or applicants for
employment in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive a person of
employment or employment opportunities,or that would otherwise adversely affect
a person's status as an employee;
4. For an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer for employment,or to otherwise
discriminate against, any person because of a protected employment characteristic;
5. For an employment agency to classify or refer for employment any person, on the
basis of a protected employment characteristic;
6. For a labor organization to exclude or expel from its membership, or to otherwise
discriminate against, any person because of a protected employment characteristic;
7. For a labor organization to fail or refuse to refer for employment any person because
of a protected employment characteristic;
8. For a labor organization to limit, segregate or classify its members or applicants for
membership, in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive a person of
employment or employment opportunities,or that would otherwise adversely affect
a person's status as an employee or as an applicant for employment;
9. For a labor organization to cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate
against a person in violation of this ordinance;
10. For an employer, a labor organization or a joint labor-management committee, to
discriminate against any person because of a protected employment characteristic
7
in the admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide
apprenticeship or other training;
11. For an employer to print or publish, or cause to be printed or published, any notice
or advertisement relating to employment by the employer that indicates any
preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination, based on a protected
employment characteristic;
12. For an employment agency to print or publish, or cause to be printed or published,
any notice or advertisement relating to membership in or any classification or
referral for employment by the employment agency that indicates any preference,
limitation, specification, or discrimination, based on a protected employment
characteristic; or
13. For a joint labor-management committee to print or publish, or cause to be printed
or published, any notice or advertisement relating to admission to, or employment
in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training by the joint
labor-management committee that indicates any preference, limitation,
specification, or discrimination, based on a protected employment characteristic.
(b) Additional Exclusions.
1. Nothing in this subsection prohibits a notice or advertisement from indicating a
preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination, based on a protected
characteristic when a protected characteristic is a bona fide occupational
qualification for employment.
2. This section does not apply to, and does not require, the provision of employee
benefits to a person for the benefit of the person's domestic partner.
Sec. 14-203-6: Housing
(a) It is the policy of the City of Denton to provide, within constitutional limitations, for
fair housing throughout the City by ensuring the opportunity for every person to obtain
housing without regard to race, color,national origin, age,religion, disability, familial
status, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
(b) Fair Housing means the prohibition of discrimination based on race, color, national
origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability when renting or buying a home,
getting a mortgage, seeking housing assistance, or engaging in other housing-related
activities.
(c) Unlawful practice. It shall be unlawful for any person to discriminate against any person
on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, religion, disability, familial status, sex,
sexual orientation, or gender identity by engaging in the following housing practices:
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1. In the Sale and Rental of Housing. A person engages in a prohibited discriminatory
act if,because of race,color,national origin,age,religion,disability,familial status,
sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity, they:
a. Refuse to rent or sell a dwelling;
b. Refuse to negotiate for the purchase or rental of a dwelling;
C. Discourage the purchase or rental of a dwelling or otherwise make
housing unavailable;
d. Impose different sales prices or rental charges for the sale or rental of a
dwelling; or
e. Set different terms, conditions or privileges for sale or rental of a
dwelling or in the provision of services or facilities therewith.
2. Other Prohibited Discriminatory Acts. A person engages in a prohibited
discriminatory act if,because of race,color,national origin,age,religion,disability,
familial status, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity,they:
a. Based on a person's disability, refuse to make a reasonable
accommodation in rules, policies, practices, or services when such
accommodations may be necessary to afford persons with disabilities an
equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling and public and common use
areas;
b. Based on a person's disability, refuse to permit, at the expense of the
person with a disability, reasonable modifications of existing premises
occupied or to be occupied by such person if such modifications may be
necessary to afford such person full enjoyment of the premises;
C. In publication, make, print or publish, or cause to be made, printed, or
published, any notice, statement, or advertisement, relating to the sale or
rental of a dwelling that indicates a preference, limitation, or
discrimination, for a protected housing characteristic or an intention to
make any preference, limitation, or discrimination, based on a protected
housing characteristic;
d. In inspection, represent to a person that a dwelling is not available for
inspection, sale, or rental, when the dwelling is available for inspection,
sale or rental;
e. For profit, induce or attempt to induce a person to sell or rent, or to not
sell or rent,a dwelling by representing that people of a particular protected
characteristic are about to move into the neighborhood;
f. In brokerage services, deny access to or membership in any multiple
listing service or real estate brokers' organization or other service
organization or facility;
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g. In residential real-estate-related transactions, refuse to make a mortgage
loan, provide other financial assistance for a dwelling, impose different
terms or conditions in a real-estate-related transaction, or otherwise
discriminate against a person in making a real-estate-related transaction
available.
3. Veteran Source of Income. Except as prohibited by Texas Local Government Code,
Section 250.007, as amended, it shall be a discriminatory practice to discriminate in
housing based on a Veteran's source of income.
(d) Additional Exclusions.
1. This subsection does not apply to the following:
a. To the sale or rental of a single-family house if the owner does not own
more than three (3) single-family houses at any one (1) time. Any such
sale of a single-family house shall be limited to one (1) such sale within
any twenty-four (24) month period if the owner is not the most recent
resident of the house prior to the sale or does not live there at the time of
the sale,and the owner did not use the services or facilities of a real estate
broker, agent, or salesman, or their agents and employees, for the sale or
to advertise the sale in violation of this subsection; or
b. To a rental of a dwelling containing living quarters occupied or intended
to be occupied by no more than four(4) families living independently of
each other if the owner actually maintains and occupies part of the
dwelling as his residence.
C. Religious organizations and private clubs are allowed to give preference
to their members as long as they do not discriminate in their membership.
2. Nothing in this article limits the applicability of any reasonable local, state, or
federal restrictions regarding the maximum number of occupants permitted to
occupy a dwelling.
3. Nothing in this article regarding discrimination based on familial status applies with
respect to housing for older persons as set out and defined in the Fair Housing Act.
4. Nothing in this article prohibits conduct against a person because such person has
been convicted by any court of competent jurisdiction of the illegal manufacture or
distribution of a controlled substance as defined in section 102 of the Controlled
Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. 802.
(e) Housing Enforcement; complaints.
1. Any person who claims to have been injured by a discriminatory housing practice
or who believes that they will be irrevocably injured by a discriminatory housing
practice that is about to occur, hereinafter referred to as the "person aggrieved,"
may request assistance from the administrator to file a complaint with the Fair
Housing and Equal Opportunity Division of the Region VI office of the U.S.
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Department of Housing & Urban Development. The administrator, if requested
by the person aggrieved, may assist with preparation and submission of the
complaint to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
2. Whenever the administrator has reasonable cause to believe that any person or
group of persons is engaged in a pattern or practice of resistance to the full
enjoyment of any of the rights granted by this article or that any group of persons
has been denied any of the rights granted by this article,administrator may prepare
and file a complaint to the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development.
setting forth the facts in his own name, and such complaint shall be treated in the
same manner as a complaint filed by a person aggrieved.
3. The administrator shall receive and accept notification and referral complaints
from the U.S. Attorney General and the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development pursuant to the provisions of Title VIII, Fair Housing Act of 1968,
Public Law 90-284,as amended(42 U.S.C. 3610), and shall treat such complaints
in the same manner as other complaints filed pursuant to this section.
Sec. 14-203-7: Unlawful Intimidation,Retaliation and Coercion
It shall be unlawful for any person to discriminate against,harass,threaten, harm, damage or
otherwise penalize or retaliate against another person for opposing an unlawful practice, for
filing a complaint, or for testifying, assisting or participating in any manner in an
investigation, proceeding or hearing, in connection with an act of discrimination prohibited
by this ordinance.
Sec. 14-203-8: Effect on Legal Remedies
(a) This ordinance shall not affect the right of any person to pursue any legal remedy for
discriminatory practices available under federal or state law by filing a claim with the
appropriate public agency or by filing a private civil action.
(b) This ordinance does not create a private cause of action.
(c) All of the regulations provided in this ordinance are hereby declared to be governmental
and for the health, safety, and welfare of the general public. Any member of the City
Council or any City official or employee charged with the enforcement of this
ordinance, acting for the City of Denton in the discharge of their duties, shall not
thereby render themselves personally liable; and they are hereby relieved from all
personal liability for any damage that might accrue to persons or property as a result of
any act required or permitted in the discharge of their said duties.
Sec. 14-203-9: Administration
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The City Manager or their designee shall be responsible for implementing and administering
this ordinance.
Sec. 14-203-10: Penalty
Any violation of the provisions or terms of this ordinance by any person, firm or corporation
shall be a misdemeanor offense and shall be subject to a fine of up to$500 in accordance with
Section 1-12(a)(4) of the City Code of Ordinances for each offense, as well as injunctive
relief.Every day a violation continues shall constitute a separate offense.A violation shall be
referred to the City Attorney's Office for prosecution if conciliation efforts are unsuccessful.
Sec. 14-203-11: Complaint Process
(a) A person who claims to have been discriminated against in violation of this ordinance
may file a complaint with the City Manager or their designee.A complaint must be filed
within ninety (90) calendar days after an alleged unlawful practice has occurred.
(b) A complaint shall be in writing on a form provided by the City Manager or their
designee,made under oath or affirmation, and shall contain the following information:
1. Name and address of the respondent.
2. Name, address, email address, and signature of the complainant.
3. Date of occurrence of the alleged unlawful practice.
4. Statement of the facts upon which the allegation of an unlawful practice is based.
(c) Within ten (10) business days after the filing of a complaint, the City Manager or their
designee shall review the complaint and notify the complainant in writing as to whether
the city will:
1. Refer the complainant to another public agency pursuant to subsection(d) below;
2. Deny the complaint due to incomplete information;
3. Deny the complaint because it is legally deficient or untimely;
4. Accept the complaint for investigation.
(d) If the claim for discrimination is within the jurisdiction of a federal or state agency,the
complainant shall be referred by the city to the appropriate public agency. The
complainant shall be responsible for filing the discrimination complaint within
timeframes set out in federal and state law and the city shall take no further action with
regards to the complaint.
(e) If, and only if, a federal or state agency to which a claim for discrimination is referred
pursuant to subsection(d)of this subpart refuses to materially investigate the claim based
upon a lack of jurisdiction,the complainant shall have thirty(30) calendar days,running
from the date the complainant receives notice from the federal or state agency, to
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resubmit their complaint pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. If a complainant is
resubmitting a complaint in accordance herewith, the complaint shall contain a copy of
the correspondence or other documentation from the federal or state agency indicating
its refusal to investigate or denial of the complaint based on jurisdictional grounds, in
addition to the documentation required by subsection(b) of this subpart.
(f) The burden of proof shall be on the complainant that an unlawful act occurred.
Sec. 14-203-12: Investigation
(a) Promptly after a complaint that is not within the jurisdiction of a state or federal agency
pursuant to Sec. 14-203-11 (d) or the complainant receives notice from the federal or
state agency and has resubmitted their complaint pursuant to Sec. 14-203-11 (e) of this
section,the City Manager shall commence an investigation.
(b) The City Manager or their designee shall, in writing:
1. Notify the respondent named in the complaint that a complaint alleging the
commission of an unlawful practice has been filed against the respondent;
2. Furnish a copy of the complaint to the respondent; and
3. Advise the respondent of the procedural rights and obligations of the
respondent, including the right to file a written, signed, and verified informal
answer to the complaint within fifteen (15)business days after service of notice of
the complaint.
(c) Not later than the 15th business day after service of the notice and copy of the
complaint, a respondent may file an answer to the complaint. The answer must be in
writing,made under oath or affirmation, and contain the following information:
1. Name, address, email address, telephone number, and signature of the
respondent or the respondent's attorney, if any; and
2. Concise statement of facts in response to the allegations in the complaint,
including facts of any defense or exception.
(d) The City Manager or their designee may dismiss a complaint at any time if they
determine that:
1. The complaint was not filed within the required time;
2. The location of the alleged unlawful practice is not within the City's jurisdiction;
3. The alleged unlawful practice is not a violation of this ordinance;
4. The complainant refuses to cooperate in the investigation of the complaint or
enforcement of an executed conciliation agreement;
5. A conciliation agreement has been executed by the complainant and the respondent.
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The City Manager or their designee shall, in writing, notify the complainant and the
respondent of the dismissal of the complaint and include a statement of the reason for the
dismissal.
(e) The City Manager or their designee shall prepare a final investigative report showing,at a
minimum, the names and dates of contacts with witnesses; a summary of
correspondence and other contacts with the aggrieved person and the respondent
showing the dates of the correspondence and contacts; a summary description of other
pertinent records; and a summary of witness statements. A final report under this
section may be amended if additional evidence is discovered. If there are legal questions
involved,the complaint will be sent to the City Attorney's Office for review.
(f) After completion of the investigation, the administrator shall make available to the
complainant and the respondent,at any time,information derived from the investigation
and the final investigation report related to the investigation,except for information that
is not subject to disclosure pursuant to state law, federal law, or common law privacy.
(g) The complaint, the investigative report, and any evidence collected therein, shall be
subject to public disclosure pursuant to the Texas Public Information Act. Prior to any
release, documents related to the complaint/investigation shall be reviewed by the City
Attorney's Office to ensure information that is excepted from disclosure by state law,
federal law, or common law privacy is redacted. If necessary, the City Attorney may
submit the information to the Texas Attorney General's Office for an opinion.
Sec. 14-203-13: Conciliation
(a) If during or after the investigation, the City Manager or their designee determines that
there is reasonable cause to believe discrimination occurred, the City shall attempt to
conciliate the complaint. In conciliating a complaint,the City Manager or their designee
shall try to achieve a just resolution and obtain assurances that the respondent will
satisfactorily remedy any violation of the complainant's rights and take action to ensure
the elimination of both present and future unlawful practices in compliance with this
ordinance.This can include the voluntary discontinuance of the unlawful practice by the
respondent and adequate assurances of future compliance with this ordinance combined
with an educational component. Nothing said or done during the course of conciliation
may be made public or be used as evidence in a subsequent proceeding under this
ordinance. For these purposes, complaints and proceedings under this article shall be
considered as litigation.
(b) A conciliation agreement executed under this section must be in writing in a form
approved by the City Attorney and must be signed and verified by the respondent and
the complainant. A conciliation agreement is executed upon its signing and verification
by all parties to the agreement.An agreement shall be a public document, subject to any
redactions required by state law, federal law, or common law privacy.
(c) A parry to an executed conciliation agreement shall not be prosecuted in municipal court
for the unlawful practice identified in the agreement unless the complaint notifies the
City Manager or their designee within one (1) year of a violation of the agreement for
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the same discriminatory practice addressed by the agreement and the City Attorney
determines that the agreement has been violated.
(d) If a conciliation agreement cannot be reached, the matter may be reviewed for criminal
enforcement pursuant to Section 14-203-10.
Sec. 14-203-14: Defenses
(a) Any applicable federal or state constitutional or statutory defense may be asserted by a
person alleged to be in violation of this section.
(b) It is a defense that a person alleged to be in violation of this section was acting pursuant
to a court order.
Sec. 14-204-15: Education and Public Information
In order to further the intent and objectives of this ordinance, the City Manager or their
designee may conduct educational and public information programs.
SECTION 4. Chapter 15 of the City of Denton Code of Ordinances, entitled "Housing,"
is hereby repealed in its entirety.
SECTION 5.This Ordinance shall be cumulative of all provisions of ordinances of the City
of Denton,except where the provisions of this Ordinance are in direct conflict with the provisions
of such ordinances, in which event the conflicting provisions of such ordinances are hereby
repealed.
SECTION 6. It is hereby declared to be the intention of the City Council that the phrases,
clauses,sentences,paragraphs,and sections of this Ordinance are severable,and if any phrase,clause,
sentence, paragraph, or section of this Ordinance shall be declared unconstitutional by the valid
judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, such unconstitutionality shall not affect
any of the remaining phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and sections of this Ordinance, since
the same would have been enacted by the City Council without the incorporation in this Ordinance of
any such unconstitutional phrase,clause, sentence,paragraph, or section.
SECTION 7. The City Secretary is hereby directed to record and publish the attached
rule, regulation, and policy in the City's Code of Ordinances as authorized by the Texas Local
Goveynment Code.
SECTION 8: This Ordinance shall become effective one hundred-twenty (120) calendar
days from the date of its passage, and the City Secretary is hereby directed to cause the caption of
this Ordinance to be published twice in the Denton Record-Chronicle, the official newspaper of
the City of Denton,Texas,within ten(10) days of the date of its passage.
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The motion to approve this Ordinance was made by D-'b A r m l h-}o Y' and seconded by
Pat,+_ Ke-+t"2a.er-- ;this Ordinance was passed and approved by the following
vote T
Ave 1Vay Abstain Absent
Gerard Hudspeth,Mayor:
Vic1d Byrd,District 1: ✓
Brian Beck,District 2: ✓
Jesse Davis,District 3: ✓
Alison Maguire,District 4: ✓
Deb Armintor,At Large Place 5:
Paul Meltzer,At Large Place 6:
PASSED AND APPROVED this the day of )Iarc.i ,2022.
GERARD HUDSPETH,MAYOR
ATTEST:
ROSARIOS,CITY SECRETARY F
BY:
APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM:
MACK REINWAND,CITY ATTORNEY
BY:
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