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Home My WebLink About2023-058 Summary of Senate Bill 2August 25, 2023 Report No. 2023-058 INFORMAL STAFF REPORT TO MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL SUBJECT: Summary of Senate Bill 2, from the Second Special Session of the 88th Session of the Texas Legislature BACKGROUND: On July 25, 2023, City staff and the City’s state legislative consultant, Jackson Walker, provided an update on the 88th Session of the Texas Legislature. During that discussion, several Council members inquired regarding the provisions of S.B. 2 (from the second special session), to which staff responded that a summary would be made provided to the City Council. S.B. 2 addresses various aspects of property tax relief, including: • Over $12 billion in state funding to reduce school property tax rates; • $100,000 homestead exemption for school property taxes; • A 20% circuit breaker (essentially an appraisal cap) on appraised values for non- homesteaded properties that are valued at $5 million and under as a three-year pilot project; • Creates newly elected positions on local appraisal boards; and • Savings on franchise tax for small business DISCUSSION: Articles 2 through 6 encompass the substantive components of S.B. 2, each addressing distinct aspects of school district taxation and governance. Article 2 - School District Tax Rate Compression: This article directs the Texas Education Agency (TEA) Commissioner to calculate the maximum compressed tax rates (MCTR) for school districts for the 2023-24 and 2024-25 school years. The MCTR is then reduced by 0.107 cents as specified in the bill. Notably, an exception applies to ensure that no district's MCTR falls below 90 percent of another district's MCTR (a hold harmless provision). The article includes a Sunset Provision on September 1, 2025, and takes effect upon passage of H.J.R. 2 on the November 7, 2023 election following the official canvass. Article 3 - School District Residence Homestead Exemption: This article raises the homestead exemption to $100,000 of appraised value for school districts. It also prohibits reductions or repeal of exemptions adopted under Tax Code 11.13(n) for the 2022 tax year by school districts, municipalities, and governing bodies until December 31, 2027. School districts are entitled to additional state aid if state and local revenue servicing debt under SB 2 is insufficient compared to the previous status as of September 1, 2022. Various provisions come into effect upon passage of HJR 2 on the November 7, 2023, election, with specific sections having distinct effective dates, including January 1, 2025. August 25, 2023 Report No. 2023-058 Article 4 - Circuit Breaker Limitation on Property Value Increases: Focused on non-homesteaded real property, this article establishes a “circuit breaker” appraisal limitation of 20% for properties with up to $5 million appraised value for the 2024 tax year. This circuit breaker applies to all taxing jurisdictions. The chief appraiser is responsible for providing notice on property eligibility. If H.J.R. 2 is passed in the November 7, 2023, election, the circuit breaker limitation will take effect on January 1, 2024. The circuit breaker functions as a pilot program that will last until December 31, 2026. Other provisions of Article 4 dealing with the appraisal process will take effect on January 1, 2027. Note: The City is currently working to secure data from the Denton Central Appraisal District that would allow our staff to approximate the impact of this “circuit breaker” appraisal cap, had it been in place in the current tax year. If staff is able to receive the data for analysis, there will be a follow-up report outlining the estimated financial impact of this portion of S.B. 2. Otherwise, the Appraisal District plans to provide these calculations to the City in preliminary values delivered to us beginning in late April 2024 (if applicable).” Article 5 - Boards of Directors of Appraisal Districts: In counties with over 75,000 population, Article 5 creates appraisal district boards of directors comprising nine members. Five members are appointed by taxing units in the district, three are elected in the general election, and the county tax assessor -collector serves as an ex officio member. The article outlines election procedures, changes to the recall process, and effective dates. The key provisions of the article become effective on July 1, 2024, provided H.J.R. 2 is approved by voters. Article 6 - Transitional Tax Year Provisions: Article 6 mandates chief appraisers to prepare supplemental appraisal records for the 2023 tax year to account for changes in the law under S.B. 2. Individuals receiving provisional tax bills are notified of potential changes. The tax assessor is required to mail a supplemental and final tax bill, and a one-month extension is granted for paying delinquent taxes until December 31, 2024. Article 6 took immediate effect upon passage of S.B. 2. Note: Since the city has not changed its exemptions relating to property tax since January 1, 2022, and since the changes in the exemption amounts under S.B. 2 apply to school district tax impositions, there is no significant change to the city’s calculations for the current year no new and voter approval tax rates. Conclusion: Senate Bill 2 encompasses a comprehensive set of provisions aimed at refining school district taxation, appraisal limits for all jurisdictions, and appraisal district governance. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Senate Bill 2 – Enrolled STAFF CONTACT: Ryan Adams August 25, 2023 Report No. 2023-058 Chief of Staff Ryan.Adams@cityofdenton.com (940) 349-8565 REQUESTOR: Staff initiated STAFF TIME TO COMPLETE REPORT: 2 hours PARTICIPATING DEPARTMENTS: City Manager’s Office Legal O*>*=Jk*=. =J =?P nah]pejc pk lnkre‘ejc lnklanpu p]t naheab pdnkqcd pda lq^he_o_dkkh bej]j_a ouopai(atailpekjo(heiep]pekjo kj ]lln]eo]ho ]j‘p]tao( ]j‘lnklanpu p]t ]‘iejeopn]pekj7 ]qpdknevejc pda eilkoepekj kb ] baa* >A EP AJ=?PA@ >U PDA HACEOH=PQNA KB PDA OP=PA KB PAT=O6 =NPE?HA -*ODKNP PEPHA OA?PEKJ=-*,-*==Pdeo =_p i]u ^a _epa‘]o pda Lnklanpu P]t Naheab =_p* =NPE?HA .*O?DKKH @EOPNE?P P=T N=PA ?KILNAOOEKJ OA?PEKJ=.*,-*==Oq^_d]lpan B(?d]lpan 04(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekjo 04*.111 ]j‘04*.4/pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=04*.111*==I=TEIQI ?KILNAOOA@ P=T N=PA BKN .,./).,.0 O?DKKH UA=N*$]%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc ]ju kpdan lnkreoekj kb pdeo pepha kn ?d]lpan .2(P]t ?k‘a(bkn pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n(pda _kiieooekjan od]hh _]h_qh]pa pda r]hqa kb ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa ^u ‘apaniejejc pda ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘n]pa qj‘an Oa_pekj 04*.11-kn 04*.11.$^%(eb ]llhe_]^ha( ]j‘na‘q_ejc pda p]t n]pa ‘apanieja‘qj‘an pda ]llhe_]^ha oa_pekj ^u i,*-,3* $^%==Eb ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa ]o _]h_qh]pa‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%skqh‘^a haoo pd]j 5,lan_ajp kb ]jkpdan o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%(pda ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa eo pda - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 - r]hqa ]p sde_d pda ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa skqh‘^a amq]h pk 5,lan_ajp kb pda kpdan ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa* $_%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc ]ju kpdan lnkreoekj kb pdeo pepha kn ?d]lpan .2(P]t ?k‘a(bkn lqnlkoao kb ‘apaniejejc bqj‘ejc bkn o_dkkh ‘eopne_po bkn pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n(]nabanaj_a ej ]ju kb pda bkhhksejc lnkreoekjo kb h]s pk ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa kn i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘n]pa ]o ‘apanieja‘qj‘an Oa_pekj 04*.11-ia]jo pda i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa ‘apanieja‘ bkn pda ‘eopne_p qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj6 $-%==Oa_pekj -/*,10$b%7 $.%==Oa_pekj 01*,,/$‘%7 $/%==Oa_pekj 01*,,/.$]%7 $0%==Oa_pekj 04*,1-$]%7 $1%==Oa_pekjo 04*.11/$]%]j‘$a%7 $2%==Oa_pekj 04*.1127 ]j‘ $3%==Oa_pekj .2*,4$j%(P]t ?k‘a* $‘%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb Oa_pekj /,*,,/$b)-%(]nabanaj_a ej pd]p oa_pekj pk Oa_pekj 04*.11-ej_hq‘ao pdeo oa_pekj* $a%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc ]ju kpdan lnkreoekj kb pdeo pepha(bkn lqnlkoao kb ‘apaniejejc ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa qj‘an Oa_pekj 04*.11-bkn pda .,.0).,.1 o_dkkh ua]n(pda r]hqa kb pda ‘eopne_p #o lLUI?Nl eo pda i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘p]t n]pa ‘apanieja‘bkn pda ‘eopne_p qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj bkn pda lna_a‘ejc o_dkkh ua]n* $b%==Pdeo oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.1* Oa_*=04*.4/*===@@EPEKJ=H OP=PA =E@ BKN ?ANP=EJ @EOPNE?PO - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. . 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. / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 1 _qnnajp p]t ua]n ]o _kil]na‘pk pda lna_a‘ejc p]t ua]n ej pda ]ccnac]pa ]ikqjp kb pda atailpekjo pk sde_d pda ej‘ere‘q]h eo ajpepha‘qj‘an Oa_pekjo --*-/$^%]j‘$_%^u pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o p]t n]pa bkn pda _qnnajp p]t ua]n7 ]j‘ $1%==oq^pn]_pejc pda ]ikqjp _kilqpa‘qj‘an Oq^‘ereoekj $0%bnki pda ]ikqjp _kilqpa‘qj‘an Oq^‘ereoekj $/%* $])--%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk ]j ej‘ere‘q]h sdk ej pda .,./p]t ua]n mq]hebeao bkn ]heiep]pekj qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj ]j‘ bkn sdki pda .,..p]t ua]n kn ]j a]nhean p]t ua]n s]o pda benop p]t ua]n pda ej‘ere‘q]h kn pda ej‘ere‘q]h #o olkqoa mq]hebea‘bkn ]j atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/$_%*Pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj lnkre‘a‘^u pdeo oa_pekj kj pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘kb ]j ej‘ere‘q]h pk sde_d pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n eo pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj ]o _kilqpa‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $])1%( $])2%($])3%($])4%(kn $])5%kb pdeo oa_pekj(]o ]llhe_]^ha(haoo ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk pda lnk‘q_p kb i2,(,,,]j‘pda p]t n]pa kb pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao F]jq]nu -(.,.1* $])-.%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk ]j ej‘ere‘q]h sdk ej pda .,./p]t ua]n mq]hebeao bkn ]heiep]pekj qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj ]j‘ bkn sdki pda .,.-p]t ua]n kn ]j a]nhean p]t ua]n s]o pda benop p]t ua]n pda ej‘ere‘q]h kn pda ej‘ere‘q]h #o olkqoa mq]hebea‘bkn ]j atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/$_%*Pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj lnkre‘a‘^u pdeo oa_pekj kj pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘kb ]j ej‘ere‘q]h pk sde_d pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n eo pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj ]o _kilqpa‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $])--%kb pdeo oa_pekj haoo ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk pda lnk‘q_p kb i-1(,,,]j‘pda - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 2 p]t n]pa kb pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p bkn pda .,..p]t ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao F]jq]nu -(.,.1* $k%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $]%W($])/%(Y ]j‘$^%(]j eilnkraiajp pk lnklanpu pd]p skqh‘kpdanseoa _kjopepqpa ]j eilnkraiajp qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $^%eo jkp pna]pa‘]o ]j eilnkraiajp qj‘an pd]p oq^oa_pekj eb pda eilnkraiajp eo ]nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna bkn ]opnq_pqna pd]p s]o naj‘ana‘qjejd]^ep]^ha kn qjqo]^ha ^u ] _]oq]hpu kn ^u sej‘kn s]pan ‘]i]ca*Bkn lqnlkoao kb ]lln]eoejc pda lnklanpu ej pda p]t ua]n ej sde_d pda opnq_pqna skqh‘d]ra _kjopepqpa‘]j eilnkraiajp qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $^%(pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a ]j eilnkraiajp qj‘an pd]p oq^oa_pekj kjhu eb6 $-%==pda omq]na bkkp]ca kb pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna at_aa‘o pd]p kb pda nalh]_a‘opnq_pqna ]o pd]p opnq_pqna ateopa‘ ^abkna pda _]oq]hpu kn ‘]i]ca k__qnna‘7 kn $.%==pda atpanekn kb pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna eo kb decdan mq]hepu _kjopnq_pekj ]j‘_kilkoepekj pd]j pd]p kb pda nalh]_a‘opnq_pqna* OA?PEKJ=/*,/*==Oa_pekj 02*,3-(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]iaj‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $])-%]j‘$^)-%]j‘]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $]).%( $^).%(]j‘$_).%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $])-%==Bkn W>acejjejc sepdY pda .,..).,./o_dkkh ua]n(] o_dkkh ‘eopne_p eo ajpepha‘pk ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘qj‘an pdeo oq^_d]lpan pk pda atpajp pd]p op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa qoa‘pk oanre_a ‘a^p ahece^ha qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan eo haoo pd]j pda op]pa ]j‘ hk_]h narajqa pd]p skqh‘d]ra ^aaj ]r]eh]^ha pk pda ‘eopne_p qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]o ep ateopa‘kj Oalpai^an -(.,.-(eb ]ju ej_na]oa ej - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 3 pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$_%(=npe_ha REEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj(]o lnklkoa‘^u pda 43pd Haceoh]pqna(/n‘ ?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,.-(d]‘jkp k__qnna‘* $]).%==>acejjejc sepd pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n(]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p eo ajpepha‘pk ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘qj‘an pdeo oq^_d]lpan pk pda atpajp pd]p op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa qoa‘pk oanre_a ‘a^p ahece^ha qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan eo haoo pd]j pda op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa pd]p skqh‘d]ra ^aaj ]r]eh]^ha pk pda ‘eopne_p qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]o ep ateopa‘kj Oalpai^an -(.,..(eb ]ju ej_na]oa ej ]naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$_%(=npe_ha REEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj(]j‘]ju ]‘‘epekj]h heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$‘%kb pd]p ]npe_ha ]o lnklkoa‘^u pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna( .j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(d]‘jkp k__qnna‘* $^)-%==Oq^fa_p pk Oq^oa_pekjo $_)-%($‘%(]j‘$a%( ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj bkn W^acejjejc sepdY pda .,..).,./o_dkkh ua]n eo amq]h pk pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pda hkoo kb hk_]h ejpanaop ]j‘oejgejc narajqa bkn ‘a^p oanre_a ]ppne^qp]^ha pk ]ju ej_na]oa ej pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$_%(=npe_ha REEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj(]o lnklkoa‘^u pda 43pd Haceoh]pqna(/n‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,.-(eo jkp kbboap ^u ]c]ej ej op]pa ]e‘qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan* $^).%==Oq^fa_p pk Oq^oa_pekjo $_).%($‘%(]j‘$a%( ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj ^acejjejc sepd pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n eo amq]h pk pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pda hkoo kb hk_]h ejpanaop ]j‘oejgejc narajqa bkn ‘a^p oanre_a ]ppne^qp]^ha pk ]ju ej_na]oa ej ]naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$_%(=npe_ha REEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj(]j‘]ju ]‘‘epekj]h - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 4 heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$‘%kb pd]p ]npe_ha ]o lnklkoa‘^u pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(eo jkp kbboap ^u ]c]ej ej op]pa ]e‘qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan* $_).%==Bkn pda lqnlkoa kb ‘apaniejejc op]pa ]e‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekjo $]).%]j‘$^).%(hk_]h ejpanaop ]j‘oejgejc narajqa bkn ‘a^p oanre_a eo heiepa‘pk narajqa namqena‘pk oanre_a ‘a^p ahece^ha qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]o kb Oalpai^an -(.,./(kn ]qpdkneva‘ ^u pda rkpano ^qp jkp uap eooqa‘]o kb Oalpai^an -(.,./(pd]p h]pan ^a_kiao ahece^ha qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan(ej_hq‘ejc nabqj‘ejc kb pd]p ‘a^p(oq^fa_p pk Oa_pekj 02*,2-*Pda heiep]pekj eilkoa‘^u Oa_pekj 02*,/0$]%‘kao jkp ]llhu bkn pda lqnlkoa kb ‘apaniejejc op]pa ]e‘ qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj* OA?PEKJ=/*,0*==Oa_pekj 04*.10.(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘ pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=04*.10.*===@@EPEKJ=H OP=PA =E@ BKN =@FQOPIAJP KB HEIEP=PEKJ KJ P=T EJ?NA=OAO KJ DKIAOPA=@ KB AH@ANHU KN @EO=>HA@* Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc ]ju kpdan lnkreoekj kb pdeo _d]lpan(eb ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p eo jkp bqhhu _kilajo]pa‘pdnkqcd op]pa ]e‘kn pda _]h_qh]pekj kb at_aoo hk_]h narajqa qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ^]oa‘kj pda ‘apaniej]pekj kb pda ‘eopne_p #o p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan I(?d]lpan 0,/(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a(pda ‘eopne_p eo ajpepha‘pk ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘ej pda ]ikqjp ja_aoo]nu pk bqhhu _kilajo]pa pda ‘eopne_p bkn pda ]ikqjp kb ]‘r]hknai p]t narajqa hkop ‘qa pk ]na‘q_pekj kb pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekjo --*.2$])0%($])1%($])2%($])3%( $])4%($])5%(W]j‘Y $])-,%($])--%(]j‘$])-.%(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]llhe_]^ha* - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 5 OA?PEKJ=/*,1*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.1(Oa_pekj 04*.10.( A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=04*.10.*===@@EPEKJ=H OP=PA =E@ BKN =@FQOPIAJP KB HEIEP=PEKJ KJ P=T EJ?NA=OAO KJ DKIAOPA=@ KB AH@ANHU KN @EO=>HA@* Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc ]ju kpdan lnkreoekj kb pdeo _d]lpan(eb ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p eo jkp bqhhu _kilajo]pa‘pdnkqcd op]pa ]e‘kn pda _]h_qh]pekj kb at_aoo hk_]h narajqa qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ^]oa‘kj pda ‘apaniej]pekj kb pda ‘eopne_p #o p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan I(?d]lpan 0,/(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a(pda ‘eopne_p eo ajpepha‘pk ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘ej pda ]ikqjp ja_aoo]nu pk bqhhu _kilajo]pa pda ‘eopne_p bkn pda ]ikqjp kb ]‘r]hknai p]t narajqa hkop ‘qa pk ]na‘q_pekj kb pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj --*.2$])-,%WOa_pekjo --*.2$])0%( $])1%($])2%($])3%($])4%($])5%(]j‘$])-,%Y(P]t ?k‘aW(]o ]llhe_]^haY* OA?PEKJ=/*,2*==Oa_pekj 04*.10/(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘ pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=04*.10/*===@@EPEKJ=H OP=PA =E@ BKN DKIAOPA=@ ATAILPEKJ* $]%Bkn W>acejjejc sepdY pda .,..).,./o_dkkh ua]n(]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p eo ajpepha‘pk ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘pk pda atpajp pd]p op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]j‘?d]lpan 05 eo haoo pd]j pda op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa pd]p skqh‘d]ra ^aaj ]r]eh]^ha pk pda ‘eopne_p qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]j‘?d]lpan 05 ]o pdkoa _d]lpano ateopa‘kj Oalpai^an -(.,.-(eb ]ju ej_na]oa ej pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$_%(=npe_ha REEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj(]o lnklkoa‘^u pda 43pd Haceoh]pqna(/n‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,.-(d]‘jkp k__qnna‘* - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -, $])-%==>acejjejc sepd pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n(]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p eo ajpepha‘pk ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘pk pda atpajp pd]p op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]j‘?d]lpan 05 eo haoo pd]j pda op]pa ]j‘hk_]h narajqa pd]p skqh‘d]ra ^aaj ]r]eh]^ha pk pda ‘eopne_p qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan ]j‘?d]lpan 05 ]o pdkoa _d]lpano ateopa‘kj Oalpai^an -(.,..(eb ]ju ej_na]oa ej ]naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$_%(=npe_ha REEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj(]j‘]ju ]‘‘epekj]h heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao qj‘an Oa_pekj -)^$‘%kb pd]p ]npe_ha ]o lnklkoa‘^u pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna( .j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(d]‘jkp k__qnna‘* $^%==Pda haooan kb pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o _qnnajphu ]‘klpa‘ i]ejpaj]j_a ]j‘klan]pekjo p]t n]pa kn pda ]‘klpa‘i]ejpaj]j_a ]j‘ klan]pekjo p]t n]pa bkn6 $-%==pda .,.-p]t ua]n eo qoa‘bkn pda lqnlkoa kb ‘apaniejejc ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%7 ]j‘ $.%==pda .,..p]t ua]n eo qoa‘bkn pda lqnlkoa kb ‘apaniejejc ]‘‘epekj]h op]pa ]e‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $])-%* OA?PEKJ=/*,3*==Oa_pekj 04*.112$]%(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%==Pda ]caj_u od]hh lkop pda bkhhksejc ejbkni]pekj kj pda ]caj_u #o Ejpanjap sa^oepa bkn lqnlkoao kb ]hhksejc pda _deab ]lln]eoan kb a]_d ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ]j‘pda ]ooaookn bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p pk i]ga pda _]h_qh]pekjo namqena‘^u Oa_pekjo --*.2$])1%($])2%($])3%($])4%($])5%(W]j‘Y $])-,%($])--%(]j‘ $])-.%(P]t ?k‘a6 $-%==a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘n]pa(]o ‘apanieja‘qj‘an Oa_pekj 04*.11-(bkn a]_d p]t ua]n ^acejjejc sepd - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -- pda .,-5 p]t ua]n7 ]j‘ $.%==a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o pean kja i]ejpaj]j_a ]j‘ klan]pekjo p]t n]pa(]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj 01*,,/.$]%(bkn pda .,-4 p]t ua]n* OA?PEKJ=/*,4*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.1(Oa_pekj 04*.112$]%(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb ]hhksejc pda _deab ]lln]eoan kb a]_d ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ]j‘pda ]ooaookn bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p pk i]ga pda _]h_qh]pekjo namqena‘^u Oa_pekj --*.2$])-,%(P]t ?k‘a( pda WPdaY ]caj_u od]hh lkop Wpda bkhhksejc ejbkni]pekjY kj pda ]caj_u #o Ejpanjap sa^oepa Wbkn lqnlkoao kb ]hhksejc pda _deab ]lln]eoan kb a]_d ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ]j‘pda ]ooaookn bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p pk i]ga pda _]h_qh]pekjo namqena‘^u Oa_pekjo --*.2$])1%($])2%($])3%($])4%($])5%(]j‘$])-,%(P]t ?k‘a6 W$-%Y==a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o i]teiqi _kilnaooa‘n]pa( ]o ‘apanieja‘qj‘an Oa_pekj 04*.11-(bkn pda _qnnajp Wa]_dY p]t ua]n ]j‘pda lna_a‘ejc W^acejjejc sepd pda .,-5Y p]t ua]nW7 ]j‘ W$.%==a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p #o pean kja i]ejpaj]j_a ]j‘ klan]pekjo p]t n]pa(]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj 01*,,/.$]%(bkn pda .,-4 p]t ua]nY* OA?PEKJ=/*,5*==Oa_pekj 05*,,0(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $])-%($^)-%(]j‘$_)-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $])-%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu eb pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,./(eo ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano ej ]j aha_pekj dah‘bkn pd]p lqnlkoa*=o okkj ]o ln]_pe_]^ha ]bpan na_aerejc nareoa‘ lnklanpu r]hqao pd]p nabha_p ]‘klpekj kb pda _kjopepqpekj]h - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -. ]iaj‘iajp(pda _kiieooekjan od]hh nareas pda hk_]h narajqa harah kb ‘eopne_po ej pda op]pa ]j‘nareoa ]o ja_aoo]nu pda jkpebe_]pekjo lnkre‘a‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%bkn pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.0* $^)-%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk ]‘eopne_p pd]p d]o jkp lnarekqohu dah‘]j aha_pekj qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan*Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $^%(]‘eopne_p pd]p ajpano ejpk ]j ]cnaaiajp pk atan_eoa ]j klpekj pk na‘q_a pda ‘eopne_p #o hk_]h narajqa harah ej at_aoo kb ajpephaiajp qj‘an Oa_pekj 05*,,.$/%($0%(kn $1%bkn pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n i]u namqaop ]j‘(]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj 05*,,0.$]%(na_aera ]llnkr]h bnki pda _kiieooekjan pk ‘ah]u pda ‘]pa kb pda aha_pekj kpdanseoa namqena‘pk ^a kn‘ana‘^abkna Oalpai^an -*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.0* $_)-%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $_%(]‘eopne_p pd]p na_aerao ]llnkr]h bnki pda _kiieooekjan pk ‘ah]u ]j aha_pekj ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $^)-%i]u ]‘klp ]p]t n]pa bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n ^abkna pda _kiieooekjan _anpebeao pd]p pda ‘eopne_p d]o na‘q_a‘epo hk_]h narajqa harah pk pda harah aop]^heoda‘^u Oa_pekj 04*.13*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=/*-,*==Oq^_d]lpan =(?d]lpan 05(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekj 05*,,0.pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=05*,,0.*==PN=JOEPEKJ=H LNKREOEKJO6 EJ?NA=OA@ DKIAOPA=@ ATAILPEKJ =J@ HEIEP=PEKJ KJ P=T EJ?NA=OAO*$]%Pda _kiieooekjan od]hh ]llnkra ]‘eopne_p #o namqaop qj‘an Oa_pekj 05*,,0$^)-%pk ‘ah]u pda ‘]pa kb ]j aha_pekj namqena‘qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan eb pda _kiieooekjan ‘apaniejao pd]p pda ‘eopne_p skqh‘jkp d]ra ]hk_]h narajqa harah ej at_aoo kb ajpephaiajp eb pda _kjopepqpekj]h - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -/ ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,./(sana ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano* $^%==Pda _kiieooekjan od]hh oap ]‘]pa ^u sde_d a]_d ‘eopne_p pd]p na_aerao ]llnkr]h qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj iqop kn‘an pda aha_pekj* $_%==Jkp h]pan pd]j pda .,.0).,.1 o_dkkh ua]n(pda _kiieooekjan od]hh kn‘an ‘ap]_diajp ]j‘]jjat]pekj kb lnklanpu qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan C kn _kjokhe‘]pekj qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan D ]o ja_aoo]nu pk na‘q_a pda ‘eopne_p #o hk_]h narajqa harah pk pda harah aop]^heoda‘^u Oa_pekj 04*.13 bkn ]‘eopne_p pd]p na_aerao ]llnkr]h qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj ]j‘oq^oamqajphu6 $-%==b]eho pk dkh‘pda aha_pekj7 kn $.%==‘kao jkp na_aera rkpan ]llnkr]h ]p pda aha_pekj* $‘%==Pdeo oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.1* OA?PEKJ=/*--*==Oq^_d]lpan =(?d]lpan 05(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekj 05*,-.-pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=05*,-.-*==PN=JOEPEKJ=H AHA?PEKJ @=PAO*$]%==Pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk ]j aha_pekj qj‘an pdeo _d]lpan pd]p k__qno ‘qnejc pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n* $^%==Oa_pekj 05*,-.‘kao jkp ]llhu pk ]‘eopne_p pd]p na_aerao ]llnkr]h kb ]namqaop qj‘an Oa_pekj 05*,,0.*Pda ‘eopne_p od]hh dkh‘pda aha_pekj kj ]Pqao‘]u kn O]pqn‘]u kj kn ^abkna ]‘]pa ola_ebea‘^u pda _kiieooekjan*Oa_pekj 0-*,,-(Aha_pekj ?k‘a(‘kao jkp ]llhu pk pda aha_pekj* $_%==Pdeo oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=/*-.*==Oa_pekj 05*-10(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $]).%]j‘$])/%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]).%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $]%]j‘$])-%(]‘eopne_p - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -0 pd]p na_aerao ]llnkr]h kb ]namqaop qj‘an Oa_pekj 05*,,0.od]hh l]u bkn _na‘ep lqn_d]oa‘6 $-%==ej amq]h ikjpdhu l]uiajpo ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda _kiieooekjan ^acejjejc I]n_d -1(.,.0(]j‘aj‘ejc =qcqop -1(.,.07 kn $.%==ej pda i]jjan lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $]%$.%( lnkre‘a‘pd]p pda ‘eopne_p jkpebeao pda _kiieooekjan kb pda ‘eopne_p #o aha_pekj pk l]u ej pd]p i]jjan jkp h]pan pd]j I]n_d -1( .,.0* $])/%==Oq^oa_pekj $]).%]j‘pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlena Oalpai^an -(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=/*-/*==Oa_pekj 05*/,4(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $])-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $])-%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $]%(bkn pda .,./).,.0 o_dkkh ua]n(pda _kiieooekjan od]hh kn‘an ]ju ‘ap]_diajpo ]j‘ ]jjat]pekjo kb lnklanpu qj‘an pdeo oq^_d]lpan ]o okkj ]o ln]_pe_]^ha ]bpan pda _]jr]oo kb pda rkpao kj pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,./*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao Oalpai^an -(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=/*-0*==Oa_pekj 0,/*/,.(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘ ^u ]iaj‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $f)-%]j‘]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $f).%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $f)-%==Ej pda bej]h _anpebe_]pekj kb pda opq‘u qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $f%(pda _kilpnkhhan od]hh oal]n]pahu e‘ajpebu pda bej]h p]t]^ha r]hqa bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]o ]‘fqopa‘pk ]__kqjp bkn pda na‘q_pekj kb pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj --*.2$])-,%WOa_pekjo --*.2$])0%($])1%( - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -1 $])2%($])3%($])4%($])5%(]j‘$])-,%Y(P]t ?k‘aW(]o ]llhe_]^haY* $f).%==Ej pda bej]h _anpebe_]pekj kb pda opq‘u qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $f%(pda _kilpnkhhan od]hh oal]n]pahu e‘ajpebu pda bej]h p]t]^ha r]hqa bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]o ]‘fqopa‘pk ]__kqjp bkn pda na‘q_pekj kb pda ]ikqjp kb pda heiep]pekj kj p]t ej_na]oao lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekjo --*.2$])1%($])2%($])3%($])4%($])5%( $])-,%($])--%(]j‘$])-.%(P]t ?k‘a*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao F]jq]nu -(.,.1* OA?PEKJ=/*-1*==$]%Oa_pekjo --*.2$])-%($]).%(]j‘$])/%( P]t ?k‘a(]na nala]ha‘* $^%==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.1(Oa_pekjo --*.2$])1%($])2%( $])3%($])4%(]j‘$])5%(P]t ?k‘a(]na nala]ha‘* OA?PEKJ=/*-2*==Oa_pekjo --*-/]j‘--*.2(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]iaj‘a‘^u pdeo ]npe_ha(]llhu kjhu pk ]j ]‘r]hknai p]t ua]n pd]p ^acejo kj kn ]bpan F]jq]nu -(.,./* =NPE?HA 0*?EN?QEP >NA=GAN HEIEP=PEKJ KJ EJ?NA=OAO EJ R=HQA KB NA=H LNKLANPU KPDAN PD=J NAOE@AJ?A DKIAOPA=@ OA?PEKJ=0*,-*==Oa_pekj -*-.$‘%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘ ]o bkhhkso6 $‘%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(pda ]lln]eo]h n]pek kb lnklanpu W]dkiaopa]‘Y pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-]llheao eo pda n]pek kb pda lnklanpu #o i]ngap r]hqa ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p kn ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘(]o ]llhe_]^ha(pk pda i]ngap r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ]__kn‘ejc pk h]s*Pda ]lln]eo]h n]pek eo jkp _]h_qh]pa‘]__kn‘ejc pk pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ]o heiepa‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-* OA?PEKJ=0*,.*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.3(Oa_pekj -*-.$‘%( - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -2 P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $‘%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(pda ]lln]eo]h n]pek kb ] dkiaopa]‘pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./]llheao eo pda n]pek kb pda lnklanpu #o i]ngap r]hqa ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p kn ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘(]o ]llhe_]^ha(pk pda i]ngap r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ]__kn‘ejc pk h]s*==Pda ]lln]eo]h n]pek eo jkp _]h_qh]pa‘ ]__kn‘ejc pk pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ]o heiepa‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./* OA?PEKJ=0*,/*==Oq^_d]lpan >(?d]lpan ./(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekj ./*./-pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=./*./-*==?EN?QEP >NA=GAN HEIEP=PEKJ KJ =LLN=EOA@ R=HQA KB NA=H LNKLANPU KPDAN PD=J NAOE@AJ?A DKIAOPA=@*$]%==Ej pdeo oa_pekj6 $-%==l?kjoqian lne_a ej‘atl ia]jo pda ]ran]ca kran ] op]pa beo_]h ua]n kb pda ?kjoqian Lne_a Ej‘at bkn =hh Qn^]j ?kjoqiano $?LE)Q%(Q*O*?epu =ran]ca(lq^heoda‘ikjpdhu ^u pda Qjepa‘Op]pao >qna]q kb H]^kn Op]peope_o(kn epo oq__aookn ej bqj_pekj* $.%==l@eo]opan na_kranu lnkcn]il ia]jo ]‘eo]opan na_kranu lnkcn]i bqj‘a‘sepd _kiiqjepu ‘arahkliajp ^hk_g cn]jp ‘eo]opan na_kranu ikjau ]qpdkneva‘^u ba‘an]h h]s* $/%==lJas eilnkraiajpl ia]jo ]j eilnkraiajp pk na]h lnklanpu i]‘a ]bpan pda ikop na_ajp ]lln]eo]h kb pda lnklanpu pd]p ej_na]oao pda i]ngap r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ]j‘pda r]hqa kb sde_d eo jkp ej_hq‘a‘ej pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda lna_a‘ejc p]t ua]n*Pda pani ‘kao jkp ej_hq‘a nal]eno pk kn kn‘ej]nu i]ejpaj]j_a kb ]j ateopejc opnq_pqna kn pda cnkqj‘o kn - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -3 ]jkpdan ba]pqna kb pda lnklanpu* $^%==Pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk na]h lnklanpu sepd ]j ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb jkp ikna pd]j pda ]ikqjp ‘apanieja‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $f%bkn pda p]t ua]n ej sde_d pda lnklanpu benop mq]hebeao bkn pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj ]qpdkneva‘^u pdeo oa_pekj* $_%==Pdeo oa_pekj ‘kao jkp ]llhu pk6 $-%==]naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘pd]p mq]hebeao bkn ]j atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/7 kn $.%==lnklanpu ]lln]eoa‘qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(B(C( kn D* $‘%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc pda namqenaiajpo kb Oa_pekj .1*-4 ]j‘ nac]n‘haoo kb sdapdan pda ]lln]eo]h kbbe_a d]o ]lln]eoa‘pda lnklanpu ]j‘‘apanieja‘pda i]ngap r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda p]t ua]n(]j ]lln]eo]h kbbe_a i]u ej_na]oa pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb na]h lnklanpu pk sde_d pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao bkn ]p]t ua]n pk ]j ]ikqjp jkp pk at_aa‘pda haooan kb6 $-%==pda i]ngap r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda ikop na_ajp p]t ua]n pd]p pda i]ngap r]hqa s]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h kbbe_a7 kn $.%==pda oqi kb6 $=%==.,lan_ajp kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda lna_a‘ejc p]t ua]n7 $>%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda lna_a‘ejc p]t ua]n7 ]j‘ $?%==pda i]ngap r]hqa kb ]hh jas eilnkraiajpo pk pda lnklanpu* - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -4 $a%==Sdaj ]lln]eoejc na]h lnklanpu pk sde_d pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao(pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh6 $-%==]lln]eoa pda lnklanpu ]p epo i]ngap r]hqa7 ]j‘ $.%==ej_hq‘a ej pda ]lln]eo]h na_kn‘o ^kpd pda i]ngap r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ]j‘pda ]ikqjp _kilqpa‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘%$.%* $b%==Pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $‘%p]gao abba_p ]o pk ]l]n_ah kb na]h lnklanpu kj F]jq]nu -kb pda p]t ua]n bkhhksejc pda benop p]t ua]n ej sde_d pda ksjan ksjo pda lnklanpu kj F]jq]nu -*Pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj atlenao kj F]jq]nu -kb pda p]t ua]n bkhhksejc pda p]t ua]n ej sde_d pda ksjan kb pda lnklanpu _a]oao pk ksj pda lnklanpu* $c%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $b%(]lanokj sdk ]_mqena‘ na]h lnklanpu pk sde_d pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao ^abkna pda .,./p]t ua]n eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk d]ra ]_mqena‘pda lnklanpu kj F]jq]nu -(.,./* $d%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $]%]j‘$‘%]j‘at_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^‘ereoekj $.%kb pdeo oq^oa_pekj(]j eilnkraiajp pk na]h lnklanpu pd]p skqh‘kpdanseoa _kjopepqpa ]jas eilnkraiajp eo jkp pna]pa‘]o ]jas eilnkraiajp eb pda eilnkraiajp eo ]nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna bkn ]opnq_pqna pd]p s]o naj‘ana‘qjejd]^ep]^ha kn qjqo]^ha ^u ]_]oq]hpu kn ^u sej‘kn s]pan ‘]i]ca*Bkn lqnlkoao kb ]lln]eoejc pda lnklanpu qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘%ej pda p]t ua]n ej sde_d pda opnq_pqna skqh‘d]ra _kjopepqpa‘]jas eilnkraiajp6 $-%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa pda lnklanpu skqh‘d]ra d]‘ej pda lna_a‘ejc p]t ua]n eb pda _]oq]hpu kn ‘]i]ca d]‘jkp k__qnna‘eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pd]p ua]n( nac]n‘haoo kb sdapdan pd]p ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa at_aa‘o pda ]_pq]h - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. -5 ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pd]p ua]n ]o heiepa‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $‘%7 ]j‘ $.%==pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a ] jas eilnkraiajp kjhu eb6 $=%==pda omq]na bkkp]ca kb pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna at_aa‘o pd]p kb pda nalh]_a‘opnq_pqna ]o pd]p opnq_pqna ateopa‘^abkna pda _]oq]hpu kn ‘]i]ca k__qnna‘7 kn $>%==pda atpanekn kb pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna eo kb decdan mq]hepu _kjopnq_pekj ]j‘_kilkoepekj pd]j pd]p kb pda nalh]_a‘opnq_pqna* $e%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $d%$.%(]j‘kjhu pk pda atpajp ja_aoo]nu pk o]peobu pda namqenaiajpo kb ]‘eo]opan na_kranu lnkcn]i(]nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna ‘ao_ne^a‘^u pd]p oq^‘ereoekj eo jkp _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a ]jas eilnkraiajp eb pk o]peobu pda namqenaiajpo kb pda ‘eo]opan na_kranu lnkcn]i ep s]o ja_aoo]nu pd]p6 $-%==pda omq]na bkkp]ca kb pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna at_aa‘pd]p kb pda nalh]_a‘opnq_pqna ]o pd]p opnq_pqna ateopa‘ ^abkna pda _]oq]hpu kn ‘]i]ca k__qnna‘7 kn $.%==pda atpanekn kb pda nalh]_aiajp opnq_pqna ^a kb decdan mq]hepu _kjopnq_pekj ]j‘_kilkoepekj pd]j pd]p kb pda nalh]_a‘opnq_pqna* $f%==Bkn pda lqnlkoa kb Oq^oa_pekj $^%(bkn pda .,.0 p]t ua]n(pda ]ikqjp eo i1 iehhekj*Bkn pda .,.1 p]t ua]n(pda _kilpnkhhan od]hh ‘apanieja pda ]ikqjp bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $^%^u ej_na]oejc kn ‘a_na]oejc(]o ]llhe_]^ha(pda ]ikqjp ej abba_p bkn pda .,.0 p]t ua]n ^u ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk i1 iehhekj - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. ., iqhpelhea‘^u pda lan_ajp]ca ej_na]oa kn ‘a_na]oa ‘qnejc pda lna_a‘ejc op]pa beo_]h ua]n ej pda _kjoqian lne_a ej‘at*Bkn a]_d oq^oamqajp p]t ua]n(pda _kilpnkhhan od]hh ‘apanieja pda ]ikqjp bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $^%^u ej_na]oejc kn ‘a_na]oejc(]o ]llhe_]^ha(pda ]ikqjp ej abba_p bkn pda lna_a‘ejc p]t ua]n ^u ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk pd]p ]ikqjp iqhpelhea‘^u pda lan_ajp]ca ej_na]oa kn ‘a_na]oa ‘qnejc pda lna_a‘ejc op]pa beo_]h ua]n ej pda _kjoqian lne_a ej‘at(nkqj‘a‘pk pda ja]naop i-,(,,,*Pda _kilpnkhhan od]hh lq^heod pda ]ikqjp ej abba_p bkn ]p]t ua]n qj‘an pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]o okkj ]o ln]_pe_]^ha ]bpan F]jq]nu -kb pda p]t ua]n* $g%==Pdeo oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.2* OA?PEKJ=0*,0*==Oa_pekjo .1*-5$^%]j‘$c%(P]t ?k‘a(]na ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $^%==Pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh oal]n]pa na]h bnki lanokj]h lnklanpu ]j‘ej_hq‘a ej pda jkpe_a bkn a]_d6 $-%==]heop kb pda p]tejc qjepo ej sde_d pda lnklanpu eo p]t]^ha7 $.%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ej pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n7 $/%==pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ej pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n bkn a]_d p]tejc qjep p]tejc pda lnklanpu7 $0%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n(pda gej‘]j‘]ikqjp kb a]_d atailpekj ]j‘l]npe]h atailpekj(eb ]ju(]llnkra‘bkn pda lnklanpu bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n ]j‘bkn pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n(]j‘(eb ]j atailpekj kn l]npe]h atailpekj pd]p s]o ]llnkra‘bkn pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n s]o _]j_aha‘kn na‘q_a‘bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n(pda ]ikqjp kb pda atailpekj kn l]npe]h - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .- atailpekj _]j_aha‘kn na‘q_a‘7 $0)]%==]op]paiajp kb sdapdan pda lnklanpu mq]hebeao bkn pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj kj ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./-7 $1%==ej ep]he_pulab]_a(pda bkhhksejc op]paiajp6 lPda Pat]o Haceoh]pqna ‘kao jkp oap pda ]ikqjp kb ukqn hk_]h p]tao*Ukqn lnklanpu p]t ^qn‘aj eo ‘a_e‘a‘^u ukqn hk_]hhu aha_pa‘kbbe_e]ho( ]j‘]hh ejmqeneao _kj_anjejc ukqn p]tao odkqh‘^a ‘ena_pa‘pk pdkoa kbbe_e]hol7 $2%==]‘ap]eha‘atlh]j]pekj kb pda peia ]j‘lnk_a‘qna bkn lnkpaopejc pda r]hqa7 $3%==pda ‘]pa ]j‘lh]_a pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘sehh ^acej da]nejc lnkpaopo7 $4%==]j atlh]j]pekj kb pda ]r]eh]^ehepu ]j‘lqnlkoa kb ]j ejbkni]h _kjbanaj_a sepd pda ]lln]eo]h kbbe_a ^abkna ]da]nejc kj ]lnkpaop7 ]j‘ $5%==]^neab atlh]j]pekj pd]p pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb a]_d p]tejc qjep ‘a_e‘ao sdapdan kn jkp p]tao kj pda lnklanpu sehh ej_na]oa ]j‘pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p kjhu ‘apaniejao pda r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu* $c%==>u =lneh -kn ]o okkj pdana]bpan ]o ln]_pe_]^ha eb pda lnklanpu eo ]oejcha)b]iehu naoe‘aj_a pd]p mq]hebeao bkn ]j atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/(kn ^u I]u -kn ]o okkj pdana]bpan ]o ln]_pe_]^ha ej _kjja_pekj sepd ]ju kpdan lnklanpu(pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh ‘aheran ]sneppaj jkpe_a pk pda ksjan kb a]_d lnklanpu jkp ej_hq‘a‘ej ]jkpe_a namqena‘pk ^a ‘aherana‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%(eb pda lnklanpu s]o na]lln]eoa‘ej pda _qnnajp p]t - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .. ua]n(eb pda ksjanodel kb pda lnklanpu _d]jca‘‘qnejc pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n(kn eb pda lnklanpu ksjan kn pda ]cajp kb ]lnklanpu ksjan ]qpdkneva‘qj‘an Oa_pekj -*---i]gao ]sneppaj namqaop bkn pda jkpe_a*==Pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh oal]n]pa na]h bnki lanokj]h lnklanpu ]j‘ej_hq‘a ej pda jkpe_a bkn a]_d lnklanpu6 $-%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ej pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n7 $.%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n ]j‘pda gej‘kb a]_d l]npe]h atailpekj(eb ]ju( ]llnkra‘bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n7 $.)]%==]op]paiajp kb sdapdan pda lnklanpu mq]hebeao bkn pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj kj ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./-7 $/%==]‘ap]eha‘atlh]j]pekj kb pda peia ]j‘lnk_a‘qna bkn lnkpaopejc pda r]hqa7 ]j‘ $0%==pda ‘]pa ]j‘lh]_a pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘sehh ^acej da]nejc lnkpaopo* OA?PEKJ=0*,1*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.3(Oa_pekjo .1*-5$^% ]j‘$c%(P]t ?k‘a(]na ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $^%==Pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh oal]n]pa na]h bnki lanokj]h lnklanpu ]j‘ej_hq‘a ej pda jkpe_a bkn a]_d6 $-%==]heop kb pda p]tejc qjepo ej sde_d pda lnklanpu eo p]t]^ha7 $.%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ej pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n7 $/%==pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ej pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n bkn a]_d p]tejc qjep p]tejc pda lnklanpu7 - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. ./ $0%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n(pda gej‘]j‘]ikqjp kb a]_d atailpekj ]j‘l]npe]h atailpekj(eb ]ju(]llnkra‘bkn pda lnklanpu bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n ]j‘bkn pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n(]j‘(eb ]j atailpekj kn l]npe]h atailpekj pd]p s]o ]llnkra‘bkn pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n s]o _]j_aha‘kn na‘q_a‘bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n(pda ]ikqjp kb pda atailpekj kn l]npe]h atailpekj _]j_aha‘kn na‘q_a‘7 $1%==ej ep]he_pulab]_a(pda bkhhksejc op]paiajp6 lPda Pat]o Haceoh]pqna ‘kao jkp oap pda ]ikqjp kb ukqn hk_]h p]tao*Ukqn lnklanpu p]t ^qn‘aj eo ‘a_e‘a‘^u ukqn hk_]hhu aha_pa‘kbbe_e]ho( ]j‘]hh ejmqeneao _kj_anjejc ukqn p]tao odkqh‘^a ‘ena_pa‘pk pdkoa kbbe_e]hol7 $2%==]‘ap]eha‘atlh]j]pekj kb pda peia ]j‘lnk_a‘qna bkn lnkpaopejc pda r]hqa7 $3%==pda ‘]pa ]j‘lh]_a pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘sehh ^acej da]nejc lnkpaopo7 $4%==]j atlh]j]pekj kb pda ]r]eh]^ehepu ]j‘lqnlkoa kb ]j ejbkni]h _kjbanaj_a sepd pda ]lln]eo]h kbbe_a ^abkna ]da]nejc kj ]lnkpaop7 ]j‘ $5%==]^neab atlh]j]pekj pd]p pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb a]_d p]tejc qjep ‘a_e‘ao sdapdan kn jkp p]tao kj pda lnklanpu sehh ej_na]oa ]j‘pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p kjhu ‘apaniejao pda r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu* $c%==>u =lneh -kn ]o okkj pdana]bpan ]o ln]_pe_]^ha eb pda lnklanpu eo ]oejcha)b]iehu naoe‘aj_a pd]p mq]hebeao bkn ]j atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/(kn ^u I]u -kn ]o okkj pdana]bpan ]o ln]_pe_]^ha ej _kjja_pekj sepd ]ju kpdan lnklanpu(pda _deab - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .0 ]lln]eoan od]hh ‘aheran ]sneppaj jkpe_a pk pda ksjan kb a]_d lnklanpu jkp ej_hq‘a‘ej ]jkpe_a namqena‘pk ^a ‘aherana‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%(eb pda lnklanpu s]o na]lln]eoa‘ej pda _qnnajp p]t ua]n(eb pda ksjanodel kb pda lnklanpu _d]jca‘‘qnejc pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n(kn eb pda lnklanpu ksjan kn pda ]cajp kb ]lnklanpu ksjan ]qpdkneva‘qj‘an Oa_pekj -*---i]gao ]sneppaj namqaop bkn pda jkpe_a*==Pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh oal]n]pa na]h bnki lanokj]h lnklanpu ]j‘ej_hq‘a ej pda jkpe_a bkn a]_d lnklanpu6 $-%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu ej pda lna_a‘ejc ua]n7 $.%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n ]j‘pda gej‘kb a]_d l]npe]h atailpekj(eb ]ju( ]llnkra‘bkn pda _qnnajp ua]n7 $/%==]‘ap]eha‘atlh]j]pekj kb pda peia ]j‘lnk_a‘qna bkn lnkpaopejc pda r]hqa7 ]j‘ $0%==pda ‘]pa ]j‘lh]_a pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘sehh ^acej da]nejc lnkpaopo* OA?PEKJ=0*,2*==Oa_pekj .1*-5(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $k%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $k%===jkpe_a namqena‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $]%kn $c%pk ^a ‘aherana‘pk pda ksjan kb na]h lnklanpu kpdan pd]j ]oejcha)b]iehu naoe‘aj_a pd]p mq]hebeao bkn ]j atailpekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/iqop ej_hq‘a pda bkhhksejc op]paiajp6 lQj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a( bkn pda .,.0(.,.1(]j‘.,.2 p]t ua]no(pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb na]h lnklanpu kpdan pd]j ]naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘bkn ]‘r]hknai p]t lqnlkoao i]u jkp ^a ej_na]oa‘^u ikna pd]j .,lan_ajp a]_d ua]n( sepd _anp]ej at_alpekjo*Pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj lnkre‘a‘ - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .1 qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.2*Qjhaoo pdeo atlen]pekj ‘]pa eo atpaj‘a‘^u pda Pat]o Haceoh]pqna( ^acejjejc ej pda .,.3 p]t ua]n(pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj lnkre‘a‘qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(sehh jk hkjcan ^a ej abba_p ]j‘i]u naoqhp ej ]j ej_na]oa ej ]‘r]hknai p]tao eilkoa‘kj na]h lnklanpu lnarekqohu oq^fa_p pk pda heiep]pekj*l Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.3* OA?PEKJ=0*,3*==Oa_pekj 0-*0-$]%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%===lnklanpu ksjan eo ajpepha‘pk lnkpaop ^abkna pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘pda bkhhksejc ]_pekjo6 $-%==‘apaniej]pekj kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda ksjan #o lnklanpu kn(ej pda _]oa kb h]j‘]lln]eoa‘]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(kn D(?d]lpan ./(‘apaniej]pekj kb epo ]lln]eoa‘ kn i]ngap r]hqa7 $.%==qjamq]h ]lln]eo]h kb pda ksjan #o lnklanpu7 $/%==ej_hqoekj kb pda ksjan #o lnklanpu kj pda ]lln]eo]h na_kn‘o7 $0%==‘aje]h pk pda lnklanpu ksjan ej sdkha kn ej l]np kb ]l]npe]h atailpekj7 $0)]%==‘apaniej]pekj pd]p pda ksjan #o lnklanpu ‘kao jkp mq]hebu bkn pda _en_qep ^na]gan heiep]pekj kj ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./-7 $1%==‘apaniej]pekj pd]p pda ksjan #o h]j‘‘kao jkp mq]hebu bkn ]lln]eo]h ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(kn D( ?d]lpan ./7 $2%==e‘ajpebe_]pekj kb pda p]tejc qjepo ej sde_d pda - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .2 ksjan #o lnklanpu eo p]t]^ha ej pda _]oa kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p #o ]lln]eo]h nkhh7 $3%==‘apaniej]pekj pd]p pda lnklanpu ksjan eo pda ksjan kb lnklanpu7 $4%==]‘apaniej]pekj pd]p ]_d]jca ej qoa kb h]j‘ ]lln]eoa‘qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(kn D(?d]lpan ./(d]o k__qnna‘7 kn $5%==]ju kpdan ]_pekj kb pda _deab ]lln]eoan(]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(kn ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘pd]p ]llheao pk ]j‘]‘ranoahu ]bba_po pda lnklanpu ksjan* OA?PEKJ=0*,4*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.3(Oa_pekj 0-*0-$]%( P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%===lnklanpu ksjan eo ajpepha‘pk lnkpaop ^abkna pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘pda bkhhksejc ]_pekjo6 $-%==‘apaniej]pekj kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pda ksjan #o lnklanpu kn(ej pda _]oa kb h]j‘]lln]eoa‘]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(kn D(?d]lpan ./(‘apaniej]pekj kb epo ]lln]eoa‘ kn i]ngap r]hqa7 $.%==qjamq]h ]lln]eo]h kb pda ksjan #o lnklanpu7 $/%==ej_hqoekj kb pda ksjan #o lnklanpu kj pda ]lln]eo]h na_kn‘o7 $0%==‘aje]h pk pda lnklanpu ksjan ej sdkha kn ej l]np kb ]l]npe]h atailpekj7 $1%==‘apaniej]pekj pd]p pda ksjan #o h]j‘‘kao jkp mq]hebu bkn ]lln]eo]h ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(kn D( ?d]lpan ./7 $2%==e‘ajpebe_]pekj kb pda p]tejc qjepo ej sde_d pda - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .3 ksjan #o lnklanpu eo p]t]^ha ej pda _]oa kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p #o ]lln]eo]h nkhh7 $3%==‘apaniej]pekj pd]p pda lnklanpu ksjan eo pda ksjan kb lnklanpu7 $4%==]‘apaniej]pekj pd]p ]_d]jca ej qoa kb h]j‘ ]lln]eoa‘qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan ?(@(A(kn D(?d]lpan ./(d]o k__qnna‘7 kn $5%==]ju kpdan ]_pekj kb pda _deab ]lln]eoan(]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(kn ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘pd]p ]llheao pk ]j‘]‘ranoahu ]bba_po pda lnklanpu ksjan* OA?PEKJ=0*,5*==Oa_pekj 0.*.2$‘%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $‘%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(pda r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu oq^fa_p pk pda oqep ]j‘pda r]hqa kb ]_kil]n]^ha lnklanpu kn o]ilha lnklanpu pd]p eo qoa‘bkn _kil]neokj iqop ^a pda i]ngap r]hqa ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p sdaj pda lnklanpu eo W] naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘Y oq^fa_p pk pda heiep]pekj kj ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa eilkoa‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-* OA?PEKJ=0*-,*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.3(Oa_pekj 0.*.2$‘%( P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $‘%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(pda r]hqa kb pda lnklanpu oq^fa_p pk pda oqep ]j‘pda r]hqa kb ]_kil]n]^ha lnklanpu kn o]ilha lnklanpu pd]p eo qoa‘bkn _kil]neokj iqop ^a pda i]ngap r]hqa ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p sdaj pda lnklanpu eo ] naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘oq^fa_p pk pda heiep]pekj kj ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa eilkoa‘^u Oa_pekj ./*./* OA?PEKJ=0*--*==Oa_pekjo 0,/*/,.$‘%]j‘$e%(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a( - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .4 ]na ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $‘%==Bkn pda lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(lp]t]^ha r]hqal ia]jo pda i]ngap r]hqa kb ]hh p]t]^ha lnklanpu haoo6 $-%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘ atailpekjo h]sbqhhu cn]jpa‘qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/$^%kn $_%(P]t ?k‘a(ej pda ua]n pd]p eo pda oq^fa_p kb pda opq‘u bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p7 $.%==kja)d]hb kb pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekjo cn]jpa‘qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/$j%(P]t ?k‘a(ej pda ua]n pd]p eo pda oq^fa_p kb pda opq‘u bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p7 $/%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju atailpekjo cn]jpa‘ ^abkna I]u /-(-55/(sepdej ]naejraopiajp vkja qj‘an ]cnaaiajpo ]qpdkneva‘^u ?d]lpan /-.(P]t ?k‘a7 $0%==oq^fa_p pk Oq^oa_pekj $a%(pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju _]lpqna‘]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu pd]p6 $=%==eo sepdej ]naejraopiajp vkja _na]pa‘kj kn ^abkna I]u /-(-555(kn eo lnklkoa‘pk ^a ej_hq‘a‘sepdej pda ^kqj‘]neao kb ]naejraopiajp vkja ]o pda ^kqj‘]neao kb pda vkja ]j‘ pda lnklkoa‘lknpekj kb p]t ej_naiajp l]e‘ejpk pda p]t ej_naiajp bqj‘^u ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]na ‘ao_ne^a‘ej ]sneppaj jkpebe_]pekj lnkre‘a‘^u pda iqje_el]hepu kn pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb pda vkja pk pda ckranjejc ^k‘eao kb pda kpdan p]tejc qjepo ej pda i]jjan lnkre‘a‘^u bknian Oa_pekj /--*,,/$a%(P]t ?k‘a(^abkna I]u /-( -555(]j‘sepdej pda ^kqj‘]neao kb pda vkja ]o pdkoa ^kqj‘]neao ateopa‘kj Oalpai^an -(-555(ej_hq‘ejc oq^oamqajp eilnkraiajpo pk pda lnklanpu nac]n‘haoo kb sdaj i]‘a7 - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. .5 $>%==cajan]pao p]tao l]e‘ejpk ]p]t ej_naiajp bqj‘_na]pa‘qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a(qj‘an ]naejraopiajp vkja bej]j_ejc lh]j ]llnkra‘qj‘an Oa_pekj /--*,--$‘%(P]t ?k‘a(kj kn ^abkna Oalpai^an -(-5557 ]j‘ $?%==eo ahece^ha bkn p]t ej_naiajp bej]j_ejc qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a7 $1%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju _]lpqna‘]lln]eoa‘ r]hqa kb lnklanpu pd]p6 $=%==eo sepdej ]naejraopiajp vkja6 $e%==_na]pa‘kj kn ^abkna @a_ai^an /-(.,,4( ^u ]iqje_el]hepu sepd ]lklqh]pekj kb haoo pd]j -4(,,,7 ]j‘ $ee%==pda lnkfa_p lh]j bkn sde_d ej_hq‘ao pda ]hpan]pekj(naik‘ahejc(nal]en(kn na_kjopnq_pekj kb ] opnq_pqna pd]p eo ej_hq‘a‘kj pda J]pekj]h Naceopan kb Deopkne_ Lh]_ao ]j‘namqenao pd]p ]lknpekj kb pda p]t ej_naiajp kb pda vkja ^a qoa‘bkn pda eilnkraiajp kn _kjopnq_pekj kb nah]pa‘b]_ehepeao kn bkn ]bbkn‘]^ha dkqoejc7 $>%==cajan]pao o_dkkh ‘eopne_p p]tao pd]p ]na l]e‘ ejpk ]p]t ej_naiajp bqj‘_na]pa‘qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a7 ]j‘ $?%==eo ahece^ha bkn p]t ej_naiajp bej]j_ejc qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a7 $2%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju atailpekjo cn]jpa‘ qj‘an Oa_pekj --*.1-kn --*.1/(P]t ?k‘a7 $3%==pda ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj pda _kilpnkhhan #o aopei]pa kb pda i]ngap r]hqa ]j‘pda lnk‘q_perepu r]hqa kb h]j‘pd]p mq]hebeao bkn ]lln]eo]h kj pda ^]oeo kb epo lnk‘q_pera _]l]_epu( at_alp pd]p pda lnk‘q_perepu r]hqa aopei]pa‘^u pda _kilpnkhhan i]u - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /, jkp at_aa‘pda b]en i]ngap r]hqa kb pda h]j‘7 $4%==pda lknpekj kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘o kb ej‘ere‘q]ho sdk na_aera ]p]t heiep]pekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*.2(P]t ?k‘a(kj sde_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p p]tao ]na jkp eilkoa‘ej pda ua]n pd]p eo pda oq^fa_p kb pda opq‘u(_]h_qh]pa‘]o eb pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘o sana ]lln]eoa‘]p pda bqhh r]hqa namqena‘^u h]s7 $5%==]lknpekj kb pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu jkp kpdanseoa bqhhu p]t]^ha ^u pda ‘eopne_p ]p i]ngap r]hqa ^a_]qoa kb ]_pekj namqena‘^u op]pqpa kn pda _kjopepqpekj kb pdeo op]pa(kpdan pd]j Oa_pekj --*/--(P]t ?k‘a(pd]p(eb pda p]t n]pa ]‘klpa‘^u pda ‘eopne_p eo ]llhea‘pk ep(lnk‘q_ao ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk pda ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj pda p]t pd]p pda ‘eopne_p skqh‘d]ra eilkoa‘kj pda lnklanpu eb pda lnklanpu sana bqhhu p]t]^ha ]p i]ngap r]hqa ]j‘ pda p]t pd]p pda ‘eopne_p eo ]_pq]hhu ]qpdkneva‘pk eilkoa kj pda lnklanpu(eb pdeo oq^oa_pekj ‘kao jkp kpdanseoa namqena pd]p lknpekj pk ^a ‘a‘q_pa‘7 $-,%==pda i]ngap r]hqa kb ]hh p]jce^ha lanokj]h lnklanpu(kpdan pd]j i]jqb]_pqna‘dkiao(ksja‘^u ]b]iehu kn ej‘ere‘q]h ]j‘jkp dah‘kn qoa‘bkn pda lnk‘q_pekj kb ej_kia7 $--%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu pda _khha_pekj kb ‘ahejmqajp p]tao kj sde_d eo ‘abanna‘qj‘an Oa_pekj //*,2(P]t ?k‘a7 $-.%==pda lknpekj kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu pda _khha_pekj kb ‘ahejmqajp p]tao kj sde_d eo ‘abanna‘qj‘an Oa_pekj //*,21(P]t ?k‘a7 $-/%==pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /- W]naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘Y pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a( ]llheao at_aa‘o pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pd]p lnklanpu ]o _]h_qh]pa‘ qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]llhe_]^ha Wpd]p oa_pekjY7 ]j‘ $-0%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju atailpekjo cn]jpa‘ qj‘an Oa_pekj --*/1(P]t ?k‘a* $e%==Eb pda _kilpnkhhan ‘apaniejao ej pda opq‘u pd]p pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p pd]p ]lln]eoao lnklanpu bkn pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p( haoo pda pkp]h kb pda ]ikqjpo ]j‘r]hqao heopa‘ej Oq^oa_pekj $‘%]o ‘apanieja‘^u pd]p ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(eo r]he‘(pda _kilpnkhhan( ej ‘apaniejejc pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘%(od]hh bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $‘%$-/% oq^pn]_p bnki pda i]ngap r]hqa ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p kb lnklanpeao Wnaoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘oY pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(]llheao pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pd]p ]ikqjp at_aa‘o pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pdkoa lnklanpeao ]o _]h_qh]pa‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]llhe_]^ha*==Eb pda _kilpnkhhan ‘apaniejao ej pda opq‘u pd]p pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p pd]p ]lln]eoao lnklanpu bkn pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p( haoo pda pkp]h kb pda ]ikqjpo ]j‘r]hqao heopa‘ej Oq^oa_pekj $‘%]o ‘apanieja‘^u pd]p ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(eo jkp r]he‘(pda _kilpnkhhan(ej ‘apaniejejc pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘%(od]hh bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $‘%$-/%oq^pn]_p bnki pda i]ngap r]hqa ]o aopei]pa‘^u pda _kilpnkhhan kb lnklanpeao Wnaoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘oY pk sde_d - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /. Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(]llheao pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pd]p ]ikqjp at_aa‘o pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pdkoa lnklanpeao ]o _]h_qh]pa‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./kn ./*./-( P]t ?k‘a(]o ]llhe_]^ha* OA?PEKJ=0*-.*==Abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.3(Oa_pekjo 0,/*/,.$‘%]j‘$e%(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a(]na ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $‘%==Bkn pda lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(lp]t]^ha r]hqal ia]jo pda i]ngap r]hqa kb ]hh p]t]^ha lnklanpu haoo6 $-%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘ atailpekjo h]sbqhhu cn]jpa‘qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/$^%kn $_%(P]t ?k‘a(ej pda ua]n pd]p eo pda oq^fa_p kb pda opq‘u bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p7 $.%==kja)d]hb kb pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘atailpekjo cn]jpa‘qj‘an Oa_pekj --*-/$j%(P]t ?k‘a(ej pda ua]n pd]p eo pda oq^fa_p kb pda opq‘u bkn a]_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p7 $/%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju atailpekjo cn]jpa‘ ^abkna I]u /-(-55/(sepdej ]naejraopiajp vkja qj‘an ]cnaaiajpo ]qpdkneva‘^u ?d]lpan /-.(P]t ?k‘a7 $0%==oq^fa_p pk Oq^oa_pekj $a%(pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju _]lpqna‘]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu pd]p6 $=%==eo sepdej ]naejraopiajp vkja _na]pa‘kj kn ^abkna I]u /-(-555(kn eo lnklkoa‘pk ^a ej_hq‘a‘sepdej pda ^kqj‘]neao kb ]naejraopiajp vkja ]o pda ^kqj‘]neao kb pda vkja ]j‘ pda lnklkoa‘lknpekj kb p]t ej_naiajp l]e‘ejpk pda p]t ej_naiajp bqj‘^u ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]na ‘ao_ne^a‘ej ]sneppaj jkpebe_]pekj - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. // lnkre‘a‘^u pda iqje_el]hepu kn pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb pda vkja pk pda ckranjejc ^k‘eao kb pda kpdan p]tejc qjepo ej pda i]jjan lnkre‘a‘^u bknian Oa_pekj /--*,,/$a%(P]t ?k‘a(^abkna I]u /-( -555(]j‘sepdej pda ^kqj‘]neao kb pda vkja ]o pdkoa ^kqj‘]neao ateopa‘kj Oalpai^an -(-555(ej_hq‘ejc oq^oamqajp eilnkraiajpo pk pda lnklanpu nac]n‘haoo kb sdaj i]‘a7 $>%==cajan]pao p]tao l]e‘ejpk ]p]t ej_naiajp bqj‘_na]pa‘qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a(qj‘an ]naejraopiajp vkja bej]j_ejc lh]j ]llnkra‘qj‘an Oa_pekj /--*,--$‘%(P]t ?k‘a(kj kn ^abkna Oalpai^an -(-5557 ]j‘ $?%==eo ahece^ha bkn p]t ej_naiajp bej]j_ejc qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a7 $1%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju _]lpqna‘]lln]eoa‘ r]hqa kb lnklanpu pd]p6 $=%==eo sepdej ]naejraopiajp vkja6 $e%==_na]pa‘kj kn ^abkna @a_ai^an /-(.,,4( ^u ]iqje_el]hepu sepd ]lklqh]pekj kb haoo pd]j -4(,,,7 ]j‘ $ee%==pda lnkfa_p lh]j bkn sde_d ej_hq‘ao pda ]hpan]pekj(naik‘ahejc(nal]en(kn na_kjopnq_pekj kb ] opnq_pqna pd]p eo ej_hq‘a‘kj pda J]pekj]h Naceopan kb Deopkne_ Lh]_ao ]j‘namqenao pd]p ]lknpekj kb pda p]t ej_naiajp kb pda vkja ^a qoa‘bkn pda eilnkraiajp kn _kjopnq_pekj kb nah]pa‘b]_ehepeao kn bkn ]bbkn‘]^ha dkqoejc7 $>%==cajan]pao o_dkkh ‘eopne_p p]tao pd]p ]na l]e‘ ejpk ]p]t ej_naiajp bqj‘_na]pa‘qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a7 ]j‘ $?%==eo ahece^ha bkn p]t ej_naiajp bej]j_ejc qj‘an ?d]lpan /--(P]t ?k‘a7 - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /0 $2%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju atailpekjo cn]jpa‘ qj‘an Oa_pekj --*.1-kn --*.1/(P]t ?k‘a7 $3%==pda ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj pda _kilpnkhhan #o aopei]pa kb pda i]ngap r]hqa ]j‘pda lnk‘q_perepu r]hqa kb h]j‘pd]p mq]hebeao bkn ]lln]eo]h kj pda ^]oeo kb epo lnk‘q_pera _]l]_epu( at_alp pd]p pda lnk‘q_perepu r]hqa aopei]pa‘^u pda _kilpnkhhan i]u jkp at_aa‘pda b]en i]ngap r]hqa kb pda h]j‘7 $4%==pda lknpekj kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘o kb ej‘ere‘q]ho sdk na_aera ]p]t heiep]pekj qj‘an Oa_pekj --*.2(P]t ?k‘a(kj sde_d o_dkkh ‘eopne_p p]tao ]na jkp eilkoa‘ej pda ua]n pd]p eo pda oq^fa_p kb pda opq‘u(_]h_qh]pa‘]o eb pda naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘o sana ]lln]eoa‘]p pda bqhh r]hqa namqena‘^u h]s7 $5%==]lknpekj kb pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu jkp kpdanseoa bqhhu p]t]^ha ^u pda ‘eopne_p ]p i]ngap r]hqa ^a_]qoa kb ]_pekj namqena‘^u op]pqpa kn pda _kjopepqpekj kb pdeo op]pa(kpdan pd]j Oa_pekj --*/--(P]t ?k‘a(pd]p(eb pda p]t n]pa ]‘klpa‘^u pda ‘eopne_p eo ]llhea‘pk ep(lnk‘q_ao ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk pda ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj pda p]t pd]p pda ‘eopne_p skqh‘d]ra eilkoa‘kj pda lnklanpu eb pda lnklanpu sana bqhhu p]t]^ha ]p i]ngap r]hqa ]j‘ pda p]t pd]p pda ‘eopne_p eo ]_pq]hhu ]qpdkneva‘pk eilkoa kj pda lnklanpu(eb pdeo oq^oa_pekj ‘kao jkp kpdanseoa namqena pd]p lknpekj pk ^a ‘a‘q_pa‘7 $-,%==pda i]ngap r]hqa kb ]hh p]jce^ha lanokj]h lnklanpu(kpdan pd]j i]jqb]_pqna‘dkiao(ksja‘^u ]b]iehu kn ej‘ere‘q]h ]j‘jkp dah‘kn qoa‘bkn pda lnk‘q_pekj kb ej_kia7 $--%==pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu pda _khha_pekj kb - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /1 ‘ahejmqajp p]tao kj sde_d eo ‘abanna‘qj‘an Oa_pekj //*,2(P]t ?k‘a7 $-.%==pda lknpekj kb pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu pda _khha_pekj kb ‘ahejmqajp p]tao kj sde_d eo ‘abanna‘qj‘an Oa_pekj //*,21(P]t ?k‘a7 $-/%==pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pda i]ngap r]hqa kb ] naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./(P]t ?k‘a(]llheao at_aa‘o pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pd]p lnklanpu ]o _]h_qh]pa‘qj‘an pd]p oa_pekj7 ]j‘ $-0%==pda pkp]h ‘khh]n ]ikqjp kb ]ju atailpekjo cn]jpa‘ qj‘an Oa_pekj --*/1(P]t ?k‘a* $e%==Eb pda _kilpnkhhan ‘apaniejao ej pda opq‘u pd]p pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p pd]p ]lln]eoao lnklanpu bkn pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p( haoo pda pkp]h kb pda ]ikqjpo ]j‘r]hqao heopa‘ej Oq^oa_pekj $‘%]o ‘apanieja‘^u pd]p ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(eo r]he‘(pda _kilpnkhhan( ej ‘apaniejejc pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘%(od]hh bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $‘%$-/% oq^pn]_p bnki pda i]ngap r]hqa ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p kb naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘o pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./(P]t ?k‘a( ]llheao pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pd]p ]ikqjp at_aa‘o pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pdkoa lnklanpeao ]o _]h_qh]pa‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./(P]t ?k‘a*==Eb pda _kilpnkhhan ‘apaniejao ej pda opq‘u pd]p pda i]ngap r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p ]o ‘apanieja‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p pd]p ]lln]eoao lnklanpu bkn pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p(haoo pda pkp]h kb pda ]ikqjpo ]j‘r]hqao heopa‘ ej Oq^oa_pekj $‘%]o ‘apanieja‘^u pd]p ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(eo jkp - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /2 r]he‘(pda _kilpnkhhan(ej ‘apaniejejc pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu ej pda o_dkkh ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘%(od]hh bkn lqnlkoao kb Oq^oa_pekj $‘%$-/%oq^pn]_p bnki pda i]ngap r]hqa ]o aopei]pa‘^u pda _kilpnkhhan kb naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘o pk sde_d Oa_pekj ./*./(P]t ?k‘a(]llheao pda ]ikqjp ^u sde_d pd]p ]ikqjp at_aa‘o pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb pdkoa lnklanpeao ]o _]h_qh]pa‘^u pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p qj‘an Oa_pekj ./*./(P]t ?k‘a* OA?PEKJ=0*-/*==Oa_pekj ./*./-(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]‘‘a‘^u pdeo ]npe_ha(]llheao kjhu pk pda ]lln]eo]h kb na]h lnklanpu kpdan pd]j ] naoe‘aj_a dkiaopa]‘bkn ]‘r]hknai p]t lqnlkoao bkn ]p]t ua]n pd]p ^acejo kj kn ]bpan pda abba_pera ‘]pa kb pdeo ]npe_ha* =NPE?HA 1*>K=N@O KB @ENA?PKNO KB =LLN=EO=H @EOPNE?PO OA?PEKJ=1*,-*==Pda da]‘ejc pk Oa_pekj 2*,/(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=2*,/*==>K=N@ KB @ENA?PKNO EJ HAOO LKLQHKQO ?KQJPEAO* OA?PEKJ=1*,.*==Oa_pekj 2*,/(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]iaj‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $]%]j‘]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $])-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%==Pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p aop]^heoda‘ej ]_kqjpu sepd ]lklqh]pekj kb haoo pd]j 31(,,,* $])-%==Pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eo ckranja‘^u ]^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno*Bera ‘ena_pkno ]na ]llkejpa‘^u pda p]tejc qjepo pd]p l]npe_el]pa ej pda ‘eopne_p ]o lnkre‘a‘^u pdeo oa_pekj*Eb pda _kqjpu ]ooaookn)_khha_pkn eo jkp ]llkejpa‘pk pda ^k]n‘(pda _kqjpu ]ooaookn)_khha_pkn oanrao ]o ]jkjrkpejc ‘ena_pkn*Pda _kqjpu ]ooaookn)_khha_pkn eo ejahece^ha pk oanra eb pda ^k]n‘ajpano ejpk ]_kjpn]_p qj‘an Oa_pekj 2*,1$^%kn eb pda _kiieooekjano _kqnp kb - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /3 pda _kqjpu ajpano ejpk ]_kjpn]_p qj‘an Oa_pekj 2*.0$^%*Pk ^a ahece^ha pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno(]j ej‘ere‘q]h kpdan pd]j ]_kqjpu ]ooaookn)_khha_pkn oanrejc ]o ]jkjrkpejc ‘ena_pkn iqop ^a ]naoe‘ajp kb pda ‘eopne_p ]j‘iqop d]ra naoe‘a‘ej pda ‘eopne_p bkn ]p ha]op psk ua]no eiia‘e]pahu lna_a‘ejc pda ‘]pa pda ej‘ere‘q]h p]gao kbbe_a*=j ej‘ere‘q]h sdk eo kpdanseoa ahece^ha pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘eo jkp ejahece^ha ^a_]qoa kb iai^anodel kj pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb ]p]tejc qjep*=j ailhkuaa kb ]p]tejc qjep pd]p l]npe_el]pao ej pda ‘eopne_p eo jkp ahece^ha pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘ qjhaoo pda ej‘ere‘q]h eo ]hok ]iai^an kb pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kn ]j aha_pa‘kbbe_e]h kb ]p]tejc qjep pd]p l]npe_el]pao ej pda ‘eopne_p* OA?PEKJ=1*,/*==Oq^_d]lpan =(?d]lpan 2(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘ ^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekj 2*,/,-pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=2*,/,-*==>K=N@ KB @ENA?PKNO EJ LKLQHKQO ?KQJPEAO* $]%==Pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p aop]^heoda‘ ej ]_kqjpu sepd ]lklqh]pekj kb 31(,,,kn ikna* $^%==Oa_pekjo 2*,/-(2*,/0(]j‘2*-,‘k jkp ]llhu pk ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p pk sde_d pdeo oa_pekj ]llheao* $_%==Pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eo ckranja‘^u ]^k]n‘kb jeja ‘ena_pkno*Bera ‘ena_pkno ]na ]llkejpa‘^u pda p]tejc qjepo pd]p l]npe_el]pa ej pda ‘eopne_p ej pda i]jjan lnao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*,/*Pdnaa ‘ena_pkno ]na aha_pa‘^u i]fknepu rkpa ]p pda cajan]h aha_pekj bkn op]pa ]j‘_kqjpu kbbe_ano ^u pda rkpano kb pda _kqjpu ej sde_d pda ‘eopne_p eo aop]^heoda‘*Pda _kqjpu ]ooaookn)_khha_pkn oanrao ]o ]j at kbbe_ek ‘ena_pkn* $‘%==Pk ^a ahece^ha pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno(]j - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /4 ej‘ere‘q]h kpdan pd]j pda _kqjpu ]ooaookn)_khha_pkn iqop ^a ] naoe‘ajp kb pda ‘eopne_p ]j‘iqop d]ra naoe‘a‘ej pda ‘eopne_p bkn ]p ha]op psk ua]no eiia‘e]pahu lna_a‘ejc pda ‘]pa pda ej‘ere‘q]h p]gao kbbe_a*=j ej‘ere‘q]h sdk eo kpdanseoa ahece^ha pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘eo jkp ejahece^ha ^a_]qoa kb iai^anodel kj pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb ]p]tejc qjep*=j ailhkuaa kb ]p]tejc qjep pd]p l]npe_el]pao ej pda ‘eopne_p eo jkp ahece^ha pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘ qjhaoo pda ej‘ere‘q]h eo ]hok ]iai^an kb pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kn ]j aha_pa‘kbbe_e]h kb ]p]tejc qjep pd]p l]npe_el]pao ej pda ‘eopne_p* $a%==Iai^ano kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno ]llkejpa‘^u pda p]tejc qjepo l]npe_el]pejc ej pda ‘eopne_p oanra op]ccana‘ bkqn)ua]n panio ^acejjejc kj F]jq]nu -kb aranu kpdan araj)jqi^ana‘ ua]n*Aha_pa‘iai^ano kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno oanra op]ccana‘ bkqn)ua]n panio ^acejjejc kj F]jq]nu -kb aranu kpdan k‘‘)jqi^ana‘ ua]n* $b%==Eb ]r]_]j_u k__qno ej ]j ]llkejpera lkoepekj kj pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno(a]_d p]tejc qjep pd]p eo ajpepha‘pk rkpa qj‘an Oa_pekj 2*,/i]u jkiej]pa ^u naokhqpekj ]‘klpa‘^u epo ckranjejc ^k‘u ]_]j‘e‘]pa pk behh pda r]_]j_u*Pda p]tejc qjep od]hh oq^iep pda j]ia kb epo jkiejaa pk pda _deab ]lln]eoan sepdej 01 ‘]uo ]bpan jkpebe_]pekj bnki pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb pda ateopaj_a kb pda r]_]j_u(]j‘pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh lnal]na ]j‘‘aheran pk pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno sepdej pda jatp bera ‘]uo ]heop kb pda jkiejaao* Pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno od]hh ]llkejp ^u i]fknepu rkpa kb epo iai^ano kja kb pda jkiejaao pk behh pda r]_]j_u* $c%==Eb ]r]_]j_u k__qno ej ]j aha_pera lkoepekj kj pda ^k]n‘ - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. /5 kb ‘ena_pkno(pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno od]hh ]llkejp ^u i]fknepu rkpa kb epo iai^ano ]lanokj pk behh pda r]_]j_u*=lanokj ]llkejpa‘pk behh ]r]_]j_u ej ]j aha_pera lkoepekj iqop d]ra pda mq]hebe_]pekjo namqena‘kb ]‘ena_pkn aha_pa‘]p ]cajan]h aha_pekj* OA?PEKJ=1*,0*==Oq^_d]lpan =(?d]lpan 2(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘ ^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekj 2*,/.pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=2*,/.*==>=HHKP LNK?A@QNAO BKN AHA?PA@ @ENA?PKNO7 BEHEJC BAA KN LAPEPEKJ*$]%At_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u pdeo oa_pekj(?d]lpan -00(Aha_pekj ?k‘a(]llheao pk ]_]j‘e‘]pa bkn ]j aha_pera lkoepekj kj ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno* $^%===j ]llhe_]pekj bkn ]lh]_a kj pda ^]hhkp iqop ^a beha‘ sepd pda _kqjpu fq‘ca kb pda _kqjpu ej sde_d pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eo aop]^heoda‘]j‘^a ]__kil]jea‘^u ]behejc baa lnao_ne^a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $_%kb pdeo oa_pekj kn ]lapepekj ej heaq kb pda behejc baa pd]p o]peobeao pda namqenaiajpo lnao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj -0-*,2.( Aha_pekj ?k‘a(]j‘Oq^oa_pekj $‘%kb pdeo oa_pekj* $_%==Pda behejc baa bkn ]lh]_a kj pda ^]hhkp eo6 $-%==i0,,bkn ]_kqjpu sepd ]lklqh]pekj kb .,,(,,,kn ikna7 kn $.%==i.,,bkn ]_kqjpu sepd ]lklqh]pekj kb haoo pd]j .,,(,,,* $‘%==Pda iejeiqi jqi^an kb oecj]pqnao pd]p iqop ]lla]n kj pda lapepekj ]qpdkneva‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $^%eo pda haooan kb6 $-%==1,,7 kn $.%==psk lan_ajp kb pda pkp]h rkpa na_aera‘ej pda _kqjpu ^u ]hh pda _]j‘e‘]pao bkn ckranjkn ej pda ikop na_ajp cq^anj]pkne]h cajan]h aha_pekj(qjhaoo pd]p jqi^an eo haoo pd]j 1,( - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 0, ej sde_d _]oa pda namqena‘jqi^an kb oecj]pqnao eo pda haooan kb6 $=%==1,7 kn $>%==.,lan_ajp kb pd]p pkp]h rkpa* $a%===behejc baa na_aera‘qj‘an pdeo oa_pekj od]hh ^a ‘alkoepa‘ej pda _kqjpu pna]oqnu pk pda _na‘ep kb pda _kqjpu cajan]h bqj‘* $b%==Pda oa_nap]nu kb op]pa od]hh ]‘klp nqhao ]o ja_aoo]nu pk eilhaiajp pdeo oa_pekj* OA?PEKJ=1*,1*==Pda da]‘ejc pk Oa_pekj 2*,//(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=2*,//*==NA?=HH KB =LLKEJPA@ @ENA?PKN* OA?PEKJ=1*,2*==Oa_pekj 2*,//$]%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%==Pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb ]p]tejc qjep i]u _]hh bkn pda na_]hh kb ]j ]llkejpa‘W]Y iai^an kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p W]llkejpa‘qj‘an Oa_pekj 2*,/kb pdeo _k‘aY bkn sdki pda p]tejc qjep _]op ]ju kb epo rkpao ej pda ]llkejpiajp kb pda ^k]n‘*Pda _]hh iqop ^a ej pda bkni kb ]naokhqpekj(^a beha‘sepd pda _deab ]lln]eoan kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(]j‘op]pa pd]p pda p]tejc qjep eo _]hhejc bkn pda na_]hh kb pda iai^an*Eb ] naokhqpekj _]hhejc bkn pda na_]hh kb ]^k]n‘iai^an eo beha‘qj‘an pdeo oq^oa_pekj(pda _deab ]lln]eoan(jkp h]pan pd]j pda -,pd ‘]u ]bpan pda ‘]pa kb behejc(od]hh ‘aheran ]sneppaj jkpe_a kb pda behejc kb pda naokhqpekj ]j‘pda ‘]pa kb epo behejc pk pda lnaoe‘ejc kbbe_an kb pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb a]_d p]tejc qjep ajpepha‘pk rkpa ej pda ]llkejpiajp kb ^k]n‘iai^ano* OA?PEKJ=1*,3*==Oa_pekj 2*,/2$]%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 0- na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $]%===j ej‘ere‘q]h eo jkp ahece^ha pk ^a ]_]j‘e‘]pa bkn(pk ^a ]llkejpa‘pk(kn pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eb pda ej‘ere‘q]h kn ]^qoejaoo ajpepu ej sde_d pda ej‘ere‘q]h d]o ]oq^op]jpe]h ejpanaop eo ]l]npu pk ]_kjpn]_p sepd6 $-%==pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p7 kn $.%==]p]tejc qjep pd]p l]npe_el]pao ej pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(eb pda _kjpn]_p nah]pao pk pda lanbkni]j_a kb ]j ]_perepu ckranja‘^u pdeo pepha* OA?PEKJ=1*,4*==Oa_pekj 2*,1.$b%(P]t ?k‘a(]o abba_pera F]jq]nu -(.,.0(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $b%==Pda p]tl]uan he]eokj kbbe_an eo naolkjoe^ha bkn lnkre‘ejc _hane_]h ]ooeop]j_a pk pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu lnao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*0-$‘%Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY ej pda oaha_pekj kb ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘iai^ano ]j‘bkn lq^he_evejc pda ]r]eh]^ehepu kb lkoepekjo kj pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘*Pda kbbe_an od]hh ‘aheran pk pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY ]ju ]llhe_]pekjo pk oanra kj pda ^k]n‘pd]p ]na oq^ieppa‘pk pda kbbe_an ]j‘od]hh lanbkni kpdan ‘qpeao ]o namqaopa‘^u pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY*Pda kbbe_an i]u jkp ejbhqaj_a pda lnk_aoo bkn oaha_pejc ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘iai^ano* OA?PEKJ=1*,5*==Oa_pekj 2*0-(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]iaj‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $‘%($‘)-%($‘).%($‘)/%($‘)1%($‘)5%( $‘)-,%($a%($c%($e%(]j‘$f%]j‘]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $‘).)-%pk na]‘ - 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. / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 00 oa_pekj* $a%==Iai^ano kb pda ^k]n‘dkh‘kbbe_a bkn panio kb psk ua]no ^acejjejc F]jq]nu -*==Pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno ^u naokhqpekj od]hh lnkre‘a bkn op]ccana‘panio(ok pd]p pda panio kb ]o _hkoa pk kja)d]hb kb pda iai^ano ]o lkooe^ha atlena a]_d ua]n*==Ej i]gejc pda ejepe]h kn oq^oamqajp ]llkejpiajpo(pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu(kn pda hk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p Wfq‘ca kn pdaY fq‘ca #o ‘aoecjaa eb pda ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu eo pda fq‘ca(od]hh ‘aoecj]pa pdkoa iai^ano sdk oanra panio kb kja ua]n ]o jaa‘a‘pk _kilhu sepd pdeo oq^oa_pekj* $c%==Oq^oa_pekj $]%‘kao jkp lna_hq‘a pda ^k]n‘o kb ‘ena_pkno kb psk kn ikna ]‘fkejejc ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_po bnki lnkre‘ejc bkn pda klan]pekj kb ]_kjokhe‘]pa‘]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘^u ejpanhk_]h _kjpn]_p*==Iai^ano kb ]_kjokhe‘]pa‘]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘]na ]llkejpa‘fkejphu ^u pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepeao Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caoY ej pda _kqjpeao ej sde_d pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_po pd]p ]na l]npeao pk pda _kjpn]_p ]na aop]^heoda‘* $e%===_deab ]lln]eoan kn ]jkpdan ailhkuaa kn ]cajp kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘bkn pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(]iai^an kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eb pda ^k]n‘eo aop]^heoda‘bkn ]‘eopne_p pk sde_d Oa_pekj 2*,/]llheao(]lnklanpu p]t _kjoqhp]jp(kn ]j ]cajp kb ]lnklanpu ksjan _kiiepo ]j kbbajoa eb pda lanokj _kiiqje_]pao sepd pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY nac]n‘ejc pda ]llkejpiajp kb ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘ iai^ano*==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ‘kao jkp ]llhu pk6 - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 01 $-%==]_kiiqje_]pekj ^apsaaj ]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘]j‘pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY nac]n‘ejc pda iai^an #o na]llkejpiajp pk pda ^k]n‘7 $.%==]_kiiqje_]pekj ^apsaaj pda p]tl]uan he]eokj kbbe_an bkn pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ]j‘pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY ej pda _kqnoa kb pda lanbkni]j_a kb pda kbbe_an #o _hane_]h ‘qpeao ok hkjc ]o pda kbbe_an ‘kao jkp kbban ]j klejekj kn _kiiajp nac]n‘ejc pda ]llkejpiajp kb ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘iai^ano7 $/%==]_kiiqje_]pekj ^apsaaj ]_deab ]lln]eoan kn ]jkpdan ailhkuaa kn ]cajp kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘bkn pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(kn ]iai^an kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eb pda ^k]n‘eo aop]^heoda‘bkn ]‘eopne_p pk sde_d Oa_pekj 2*,/]llheao ]j‘pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY nac]n‘ejc ejbkni]pekj nah]pejc pk kn ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $‘)-%($‘)1%(kn $b%kb pdeo oa_pekj kn Oa_pekj 0--*-.52( Ckranjiajp ?k‘a7 $0%==]_kiiqje_]pekj ^apsaaj ]lnklanpu p]t _kjoqhp]jp kn ]lnklanpu ksjan kn ]j ]cajp kb pda lnklanpu ksjan ]j‘pda p]tl]uan he]eokj kbbe_an bkn pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p nac]n‘ejc ejbkni]pekj nah]pejc pk kn ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $b%*Pda p]tl]uan he]eokj kbbe_an bkn pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p od]hh nalknp pda _kjpajpo kb pda _kiiqje_]pekj nah]pejc pk kn ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $b%pk pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY7 kn - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 02 $1%==]_kiiqje_]pekj ^apsaaj ]lnklanpu p]t _kjoqhp]jp kn ]lnklanpu ksjan kn ]j ]cajp kb pda lnklanpu ksjan ]j‘pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY nac]n‘ejc ejbkni]pekj nah]pejc pk kn ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $b%* $f%===_deab ]lln]eoan kn ]jkpdan ailhkuaa kn ]cajp kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p _kiiepo ]j kbbajoa eb pda lanokj _kiiqje_]pao sepd ]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘bkn pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(]iai^an kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p(kn pda hk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘ca(eb pda fq‘ca eo pda ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu bkn pda ‘eopne_p(nac]n‘ejc ]n]jgejc( o_knejc(kn nalknpejc kb pda lan_ajp]ca ^u sde_d pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘kn ]l]jah kb pda ^k]n‘na‘q_ao pda ]lln]eoa‘r]hqa kb lnklanpu* OA?PEKJ=1*-,*==Oa_pekj 2*0-$b%(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]iaj‘a‘^u ?d]lpano /10 $D*>*.50-%]j‘1//$O*>*2/%(=_po kb pda 43pd Haceoh]pqna(Nacqh]n Oaooekj(.,.-(eo naaj]_pa‘]j‘]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $b%===iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘i]u ^a naikra‘ bnki pda ^k]n‘^u pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu(kn pda hk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p Wfq‘ca kn pdaY fq‘ca #o ‘aoecjaa eb pda ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu eo pda fq‘ca*Jkp h]pan pd]j pda 5,pd ‘]u ]bpan pda ‘]pa pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno(hk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘ca(kn fq‘ca #o ‘aoecjaa pd]p ]llkejpa‘]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘ha]njo kb ]lkpajpe]h cnkqj‘bkn naikr]h kb pda iai^an(pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno(hk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘ca(kn fq‘ca #o ‘aoecjaa(]o ]llhe_]^ha(od]hh naikra pda iai^an - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 03 kn bej‘^u kbbe_e]h ]_pekj pd]p pda iai^an #o naikr]h eo jkp s]nn]jpa‘*Cnkqj‘o bkn naikr]h ]na6 $-%==]rekh]pekj kb Oa_pekj 2*0-.(2*0-/(0-*22$b%(kn 0-*257 $.%==ckk‘_]qoa nah]pejc pk pda ]ppaj‘]j_a kb iai^ano ]p _]hha‘iaapejco kb pda ^k]n‘]o aop]^heoda‘^u sneppaj lkhe_u ]‘klpa‘^u ]i]fknepu kb pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno7 kn $/%==are‘aj_a kb nala]pa‘^e]o kn ieo_kj‘q_p* OA?PEKJ=1*--*==Oa_pekj 2*0.$]%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘ ]o bkhhkso6 $]%===i]fknepu kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘_kjopepqpao ] mqknqi*Pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu lnao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*0-$‘%Whk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘ca qj‘an Oq^_d]lpan @( ?d]lpan 30(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a(Y ej pda _kqjpu ej sde_d pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p eo aop]^heoda‘od]hh oaha_p ]_d]eni]j ]j‘]oa_nap]nu bnki ]ikjc pda iai^ano kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘*Pda ]llhe_]^ha ]llkejpejc ]qpdknepu Wfq‘caY eo aj_kqn]ca‘pk oaha_p ]o _d]eni]j ]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘(eb ]ju(sdk d]o ] ^]_gcnkqj‘ej h]s ]j‘lnklanpu ]lln]eo]h* OA?PEKJ=1*-.*==Oa_pekj 2*0.1$a%(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $a%==Jkpsepdop]j‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $‘%(pda _d]eni]j kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘i]u ]llkejp pk ]ola_e]h l]jah ‘ao_ne^a‘^u pdeo oa_pekj ]iai^an kb pda ]lln]eo]h nareas ^k]n‘sdk ‘kao jkp iaap pda mq]hebe_]pekjo lnao_ne^a‘^u pd]p oq^oa_pekj eb6 $-%==pda jqi^an kb lanokjo ]llkejpa‘pk pda ^k]n‘W^u - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 04 pda hk_]h ]‘iejeopn]pera ‘eopne_p fq‘caY sdk iaap pdkoa mq]hebe_]pekjo eo jkp oqbbe_eajp pk behh pda lkoepekjo kj a]_d ola_e]h l]jah7 ]j‘ $.%==pda ^k]n‘iai^an ^aejc ]llkejpa‘pk pda l]jah dkh‘o ]^]_dahkn #o ‘acnaa ej ]ju beah‘* OA?PEKJ=1*-/*==$]%===lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ‘ena_pkno od]hh ^a aha_pa‘pk pda aha_pera lkoepekjo ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*,/,-( P]t ?k‘a(]o ]‘‘a‘^u pdeo ]npe_ha(^acejjejc sepd pda aha_pekj _kj‘q_pa‘kj pda qjebkni aha_pekj ‘]pa ej I]u .,.0*Pda ‘ena_pkno pdaj aha_pa‘p]ga kbbe_a kj Fqhu -(.,.0(]j‘oanra ]pani pd]p atlenao kj @a_ai^an /-(.,.2* $^%==Bkhhksejc pda aha_pekj kb pda ejepe]h aha_pa‘‘ena_pkno kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $]%kb pdeo oa_pekj(‘ena_pkno od]hh ^a aha_pa‘]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*,/,-( P]t ?k‘a(]o ]‘‘a‘^u pdeo ]npe_ha(^acejjejc sepd pda cajan]h aha_pekj _kj‘q_pa‘ej Jkrai^an .,.2*@ena_pkno pdaj aha_pa‘p]ga kbbe_a F]jq]nu -(.,.3* $_%===p pda benop iaapejc kb pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*,/,-(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]‘‘a‘ ^u pdeo ]npe_ha(pd]p bkhhkso pda Jkrai^an .,.2 cajan]h aha_pekj kb ‘ena_pkno qj‘an pd]p oa_pekj(pda pdnaa aha_pa‘‘ena_pkno od]hh ‘n]s hkpo pk ‘apanieja sde_d ‘ena_pkn od]hh oanra ]pani kb psk ua]no ]j‘sde_d psk ‘ena_pkno od]hh oanra ]pani kb bkqn ua]no* Pdana]bpan(]hh aha_pa‘‘ena_pkno oanra bkqn)ua]n panio* $‘%==Pda pani kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ‘ena_pkn oanrejc kj @a_ai^an /-(.,.0(kj pda ^k]n‘kb ‘ena_pkno kb ]j ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj 2*,/,-(P]t ?k‘a(]o ]‘‘a‘^u pdeo - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 05 ]npe_ha(atlenao kj F]jq]nu -(.,.1*Jkp h]pan pd]j @a_ai^an /-( .,.0(pda p]tejc qjepo l]npe_el]pejc ej pda ]lln]eo]h ‘eopne_p pd]p ]na ajpepha‘pk ]llkejp ‘ena_pkno od]hh ]llkejp bera ‘ena_pkno pk oanra panio pd]p ^acej kj F]jq]nu -(.,.1*Psk ‘ena_pkno od]hh ^a ]llkejpa‘pk oanra ]pani kb kja ua]n(]j‘pdnaa ‘ena_pkno od]hh ^a ]llkejpa‘pk oanra ]pani kb pdnaa ua]no*Pdana]bpan(]hh ]llkejpa‘ ‘ena_pkno oanra bkqn)ua]n panio* =NPE?HA 2*PN=JOEPEKJ=H P=T UA=N LNKREOEKJO OA?PEKJ=2*,-*==Oa_pekj .1*./(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $])-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $])-%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]llheao kjhu pk pda ]lln]eo]h na_kn‘o bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n*Pda _deab ]lln]eoan od]hh lnal]na oqllhaiajp]h ]lln]eo]h na_kn‘o pk ]__kqjp bkn pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj( .,./*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,.*==Oa_pekj .2*,0(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $])-%]j‘$_)-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $])-%==Kj na_aelp kb pda ]lln]eo]h nkhh bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n(pda ]ooaookn bkn ]p]tejc qjep od]hh ‘apanieja pda pkp]h p]t]^ha r]hqa kb lnklanpu p]t]^ha ^u pda p]tejc qjep ]j‘pda p]t]^ha r]hqa kb jas lnklanpu ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* $_)-%===j kbbe_an kn ailhkuaa ‘aoecj]pa‘^u pda ckranjejc ^k‘u kb ]p]tejc qjep od]hh _]h_qh]pa pda jk)jas)narajqa p]t n]pa ]j‘pda rkpan)]llnkr]h p]t n]pa kb pda p]tejc qjep bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 1, Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,/*==?d]lpan .2(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oa_pekj .2*,0,-pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 Oa_*=.2*,0,-*==?=H?QH=PEKJ KB ?ANP=EJ P=T N=PAO BKN .,./P=T UA=N*$]%==Bkn pda lqnlkoao kb _]h_qh]pejc pda jk)jas)narajqa p]t n]pa(pda rkpan)]llnkr]h p]t n]pa(]j‘]ju nah]pa‘p]t n]pa bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n(]p]tejc qjep pd]p _]h_qh]pao pdkoa n]pao qj‘an ] lnkreoekj kb h]s kpdan pd]j Oa_pekj .2*,0 kn .2*,4 od]hh _]h_qh]pa pdkoa n]pao ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n* $^%==Pdeo oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,0*==Oa_pekj .2*,4(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $m%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $m%==Bkn lqnlkoao kb pdeo oa_pekj(pda rkpan)]llnkr]h p]t n]pa kb ]o_dkkh ‘eopne_p bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n od]hh ^a _]h_qh]pa‘ ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,1*==Oa_pekj .2*,5(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $_)-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $_)-%==Pda ]ooaookn bkn ]p]tejc qjep od]hh _]h_qh]pa pda ]ikqjp kb p]t eilkoa‘^u pda p]tejc qjep kj lnklanpu bkn pda .,./ p]t ua]n ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n ]j‘]hok ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u pd]p =_p sana jkp ej - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 1- abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-( .,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,2*==Oa_pekj .2*-1(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $d%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $d%==Pda ]ooaookn bkn ]p]tejc qjep od]hh _knna_p pda p]t nkhh bkn pda p]tejc qjep bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n pk nabha_p pda naoqhpo kb pda aha_pekj pk ]llnkra pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./* Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,3*==Oa_pekj /-*,-(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekjo $‘).%($‘)/%($‘)0%(]j‘$‘)1%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $‘).%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]j‘Oq^oa_pekjo $‘)/%]j‘$‘)0%]llhu kjhu pk p]tao eilkoa‘^u ]p]tejc qjep kj lnklanpu bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n ]j‘kjhu eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(skqh‘hksan pda p]tao eilkoa‘^u pda p]tejc qjep kj pda lnklanpu bkn pd]p p]t ua]n*Pda ]ooaookn bkn pda p]tejc qjep od]hh _kilqpa pda ]ikqjp kb p]tao eilkoa‘]j‘pda kpdan ejbkni]pekj namqena‘^u pdeo oa_pekj ]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘ ?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n*Pda p]t ^ehh kn pda oal]n]pa op]paiajp iqop ej‘e_]pa pd]p pda ^ehh eo ] lnkreoekj]h p]t ^ehh ]j‘ej_hq‘a ]op]paiajp ej oq^op]jpe]hhu pda bkhhksejc bkni6 lEb pda Pat]o Haceoh]pqna d]‘jkp aj]_pa‘lnklanpu p]t naheab haceoh]pekj ‘qnejc pda .,./haceoh]pera oaooekj(ukqn p]t ^ehh skqh‘d]ra ^aaj i[[[[$ejoanp ]ikqjp kb p]t ^ehh eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 1. Oaooekj(.,./(sana jkp ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n%*>a_]qoa kb ]_pekj ^u pda Pat]o Haceoh]pqna(ukqn p]t ^ehh d]o ^aaj hksana‘^u i[[[[$ejoanp ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj ]ikqjp kb p]t ^ehh eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,./(sana jkp ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n ]j‘]ikqjp kb p]t ^ehh eb pd]p =_p sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n%(naoqhpejc ej ]hksan p]t ^ehh kb i[[[[$ejoanp ]ikqjp kb p]t ^ehh eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,./(sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n%(_kjpejcajp kj pda ]llnkr]h ^u pda rkpano ]p ]j aha_pekj pk ^a dah‘Jkrai^an 3(.,./( kb pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./*Eb pd]p _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp eo jkp ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano ]p pda aha_pekj(] oqllhaiajp]h p]t ^ehh ej pda ]ikqjp kb i[[[[$ejoanp ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj ]ikqjp kb p]t ^ehh eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.( =_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana jkp ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n ]j‘]ikqjp kb p]t ^ehh eb pd]p =_p sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n%sehh ^a i]eha‘pk ukq*l $‘)/%===p]t ^ehh lnal]na‘^u pda ]ooaookn bkn ]p]tejc qjep ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $‘).%]j‘i]eha‘]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $]%eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a ]lnkreoekj]h p]t ^ehh qjpeh pda _]jr]oo kb pda rkpao kj pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./*Eb pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp eo ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano(pda p]t ^ehh eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a ]bej]h p]t ^ehh bkn pda p]tao eilkoa‘kj pda lnklanpu bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n(]j‘jk ]‘‘epekj]h p]t ^ehh eo namqena‘pk ^a i]eha‘qjhaoo ]jkpdan lnkreoekj kb pdeo pepha - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 1/ namqenao pda i]ehejc kb ]_knna_pa‘p]t ^ehh*Eb pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp eo jkp ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano6 $-%==]p]t ^ehh lnal]na‘^u pda ]ooaookn ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $‘).%eo _kjoe‘ana‘pk ^a ]bej]h p]t ^ehh ^qp kjhu ]o pk pda lknpekj kb pda p]tao eilkoa‘kj pda lnklanpu bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n pd]p ]na ej_hq‘a‘ej pda ^ehh7 $.%==pda ]ikqjp kb p]tao eilkoa‘^u a]_d p]tejc qjep kj lnklanpu bkn pda .,./p]t ua]n eo _]h_qh]pa‘]o eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘ Oaooekj(.,./(sana jkp ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n7 ]j‘ $/%==at_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekjo $b%($e)-%(]j‘ $g%(pda ]ooaookn bkn a]_d p]tejc qjep od]hh lnal]na ]j‘i]eh ] oqllhaiajp]h p]t ^ehh(^u @a_ai^an -kn ]o okkj pdana]bpan ]o ln]_pe_]^ha(ej ]j ]ikqjp amq]h pk pda ‘ebbanaj_a ^apsaaj pda ]ikqjp kb pda p]t ^ehh eb pda _d]jcao ej h]s i]‘a ^u O*>*=.(=_po kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(sana jkp ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n ]j‘pda ]ikqjp kb pda p]t ^ehh eb pd]p =_p sana ej abba_p bkn pd]p p]t ua]n* $‘)0%==At_alp ]o kpdanseoa lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $‘)/%(pda lnkreoekjo kb pdeo oa_pekj kpdan pd]j Oq^oa_pekj $‘).%]llhu pk ] oqllhaiajp]h p]t ^ehh i]eha‘qj‘an Oq^oa_pekj $‘)/%* $‘)1%==Pdeo oq^oa_pekj ]j‘Oq^oa_pekjo $‘).%($‘)/%(]j‘ $‘)0%atlena @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* OA?PEKJ=2*,4*==Oa_pekj /-*,.(P]t ?k‘a(eo ]iaj‘a‘^u ]‘‘ejc Oq^oa_pekj $])-%pk na]‘]o bkhhkso6 $])-%==At_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $^%kb pdeo oa_pekj ]j‘Oa_pekjo /-*,/]j‘/-*,0(p]tao bkn sde_d ]oqllhaiajp]h p]t - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 10 ^ehh eo i]eha‘qj‘an Oa_pekj /-*,-$‘)/%]na ‘qa kj na_aelp kb pda p]t ^ehh ]j‘]na ‘ahejmqajp eb jkp l]e‘^abkna I]n_d -kb pda ua]n bkhhksejc pda ua]n ej sde_d eilkoa‘*Pdeo oq^oa_pekj atlenao @a_ai^an /-(.,.0* =NPE?HA 3*?KJPEJCAJP KJ L=OO=CA KB BN=J?DEOA P=T NABKNI HACEOH=PEKJ OA?PEKJ=3*,-*==Pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p kjhu eb O*>*=/kn oeieh]n haceoh]pekj kb pda 44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj( .,./(nah]pejc pk pda ]ikqjp kb pda pkp]h narajqa atailpekj bkn pda bn]j_deoa p]t ]j‘pda at_hqoekj kb _anp]ej p]t]^ha ajpepeao bnki pda namqenaiajp pk beha ]bn]j_deoa p]t nalknp ^a_kiao h]s ej ] i]jjan ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj .,,-*,,2$]%$.%(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a*Eb haceoh]pekj ‘ao_ne^a‘^u pdeo oa_pekj ‘kao jkp ^a_kia h]s ej ] i]jjan ‘ao_ne^a‘^u Oa_pekj .,,-*,,2$]%$.%(Ckranjiajp ?k‘a(pdeo =_p d]o jk abba_p* =NPE?HA 4*ABBA?PERA @=PAO OA?PEKJ=4*,-*==At_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u =npe_ha 3 kb pdeo =_p( pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p ]o lnkre‘a‘^u pdeo ]npe_ha* OA?PEKJ=4*,.*==At_alp ]o kpdanseoa lnkre‘a‘^u pdeo ]npe_ha( pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p kj pda 5-op ‘]u ]bpan pda h]op ‘]u kb pda haceoh]pera oaooekj* OA?PEKJ=4*,/*===npe_ha .kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p kj pda ‘]pa kj sde_d pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(eo ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano* Eb pd]p ]iaj‘iajp eo jkp ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano(=npe_ha .kb pdeo =_p d]o jk abba_p* OA?PEKJ=4*,0*==$]%At_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $^%kb - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 11 pdeo oa_pekj kn ]o kpdanseoa lnkre‘a‘^u =npe_ha /kb pdeo =_p6 $-%===npe_ha /kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p kj pda ‘]pa kj sde_d pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(p]gao abba_p7 ]j‘ $.%==eb pd]p ]iaj‘iajp eo jkp ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano( =npe_ha /kb pdeo =_p d]o jk abba_p* $^%==Oa_pekjo 05*,,0$])-%($^)-%(]j‘$_)-%(05*,,0.( 05*,-.-(05*-10$]).%]j‘$])/%(]j‘05*/,4$])-%(A‘q_]pekj ?k‘a(]o ]‘‘a‘^u =npe_ha /kb pdeo =_p(p]ga abba_p eiia‘e]pahu eb pdeo =_p na_aerao ]rkpa kb psk)pden‘o kb ]hh pda iai^ano aha_pa‘pk a]_d dkqoa(]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj /5(=npe_ha EEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj* Eb pdeo =_p ‘kao jkp na_aera pda rkpa ja_aoo]nu bkn pdkoa oa_pekjo pk d]ra eiia‘e]pa abba_p(pdkoa oa_pekjo p]ga abba_p kj pda 5-op ‘]u ]bpan pda h]op ‘]u kb pda haceoh]pera oaooekj* OA?PEKJ=4*,1*===npe_ha 0 kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p F]jq]nu -( .,.0(^qp kjhu eb pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna(.j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(eo ]llnkra‘ ^u pda rkpano*Eb pd]p ]iaj‘iajp eo jkp ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano( =npe_ha 0 kb pdeo =_p d]o jk abba_p* OA?PEKJ=4*,2*==$]%=npe_ha 1 kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekjo $^%]j‘$_%kb pdeo oa_pekj(^qp kjhu eb pda _kjopepqpekj]h ]iaj‘iajp lnklkoa‘^u D*F*N*=.(44pd Haceoh]pqna( .j‘?]hha‘Oaooekj(.,./(eo ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano*Eb pd]p ]iaj‘iajp eo jkp ]llnkra‘^u pda rkpano(=npe_ha 1 kb pdeo =_p d]o jk abba_p* $^%==At_alp ]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oq^oa_pekj $_%kb pdeo oa_pekj( =npe_ha 1 kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p Fqhu -(.,.0* - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 ., .- .. ./ .0 .1 .2 .3 O*>*=Jk*=. 12 $_%==Oa_pekjo 1*,0 ]j‘1*-/kb pdeo =_p p]ga abba_p kj pda 5-op ‘]u ]bpan pda h]op ‘]u kb pda haceoh]pera oaooekj* OA?PEKJ=4*,3*===npe_ha 2 kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p eiia‘e]pahu eb pdeo =_p na_aerao ]rkpa kb psk)pden‘o kb ]hh pda iai^ano aha_pa‘pk a]_d dkqoa(]o lnkre‘a‘^u Oa_pekj /5(=npe_ha EEE(Pat]o ?kjopepqpekj*Eb pdeo =_p ‘kao jkp na_aera pda rkpa ja_aoo]nu bkn pd]p ]npe_ha pk d]ra eiia‘e]pa abba_p(=npe_ha 2 kb pdeo =_p p]gao abba_p kj pda 5-op ‘]u ]bpan pda h]op ‘]u kb pda haceoh]pera oaooekj* - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 O*>*=Jk*=. 13 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Lnaoe‘ajp kb pda Oaj]pa=============Ola]gan kb pda Dkqoa E dana^u _anpebu pd]p O*>*=Jk*=.l]ooa‘pda Oaj]pa kj Fqhu=-.(=.,./(^u pda bkhhksejc rkpa6==Ua]o=/-(J]uo=,* [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ ====Oa_nap]nu kb pda Oaj]pa E dana^u _anpebu pd]p O*>*=Jk*=.l]ooa‘pda Dkqoa kj Fqhu=-/(=.,./(^u pda bkhhksejc rkpa6==Ua]o=-//(J]uo=0(vank lnaoajp jkp rkpejc* [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ ====?deab ?hang kb pda Dkqoa =llnkra‘6 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ =============@]pa [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ ===========Ckranjkn O*>*=Jk*=. 14